CN112680656B - Boron-containing steel for motor claw pole and low-cost smelting process thereof - Google Patents
Boron-containing steel for motor claw pole and low-cost smelting process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009721 upset forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000579741 Sphaerotheca <fungi> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012496 blank sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium sulfide Chemical compound [Ca]=S JGIATAMCQXIDNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;silicon Chemical compound [Ca]=[Si] OSMSIOKMMFKNIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting, and discloses boron-containing steel for a motor claw pole and a low-cost smelting process thereof. The composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0 to 0.05%, si:0.02 to 0.08%, mn: 0.25-0.35%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S: 0.004-0.015%, cr is less than or equal to 0.05%, ni is less than or equal to 0.05%, cu is less than or equal to 0.05%, al:0.010 to 0.025%, B: 0.0010-0.0060% and the balance of Fe. The ultra-low carbon tapping of the electric furnace, the high alkalinity deep deoxidation process and the reasonable design parameters ensure the technical indexes of the steel such as chemical composition, surface quality, purity and the like. The method is simple to operate, does not need molten iron pretreatment and vacuum treatment processes, and the smelted steel for the motor claw pole simultaneously has the characteristics of uniform components, high purity, good castability, good surface quality, good hot upsetting performance, good electromagnetic performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to boron-containing steel for a motor claw pole and a low-cost smelting process thereof.
Background
The steel for the claw pole of the motor is a raw material for manufacturing the claw pole of the generator, and the claw pole of the generator is an important part of the generator, directly influences the generated energy of the generator, and is widely applied to the field of automobiles. In recent years, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, the demand of automobile output is increased year by year, and the number of electric devices of automobiles is increased continuously, such as a complete set of air conditioners, a novel cold and hot storage dual-purpose box, application of various electronic instruments and the like, and the generator is also required to charge the storage battery when the automobiles run at low speed, so as to solve the problem that the service life of the storage battery is short and short because the storage battery cannot be charged when the urban buses run at low speed, promote the automobiles to increase the output power of the generator, and the main part influencing the output power is the claw pole material of the vehicle-mounted generator. Therefore, the surface quality and the magnetic conductivity of the claw machine are key indexes of the claw machine, and how to further improve the surface quality, the mechanical property and the like while ensuring the magnetic conductivity of the claw machine is a common problem encountered by related manufacturers of the steel for the claw pole at present. Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to design the chemical components of the claw pole steel material, prepare reasonable smelting process parameters, and smelt the claw pole steel material which has uniform chemical components, high purity, good surface quality, low gas content and good hot upsetting performance and can meet the final magnetic conductivity requirement of a user only by adopting an electric furnace smelting-LF refining-square billet continuous casting process under the condition of low cost.
At present, chinese invention patent with application number 201910180393.1 discloses a high-magnetic-performance steel for automobile motor claw poles and a production method thereof, wherein the process route comprises the working procedures of molten iron desulphurization treatment, converter smelting, RH vacuum degassing, LF refining and continuous casting, wherein the carbon content can be controlled to be 0.01-0.04% only by desulphurization treatment and RH vacuum degassing, the production process is long, the production cost is high, the content of B needs to be controlled to be 0-0.0008%, the lower the content is, the better the content is, and the higher B element can possibly deteriorate the magnetic performance of the claw poles. The Chinese invention patent with the application number of 201811632812.2 discloses a production method of AISI1006 steel for a motor claw machine, the process route of the production method comprises an RH vacuum treatment process to achieve high purity and low oxygen content of molten steel, wherein inclusions A are 1.5 and B are 1.0, the production cost of the process is high, and finally the conductivity of the motor claw machine is not verified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the boron-containing motor claw pole steel and the low-cost smelting process thereof by designing reasonable chemical components and selecting reasonable process parameters aiming at the technical problems, and the process ensures the technical indexes of the steel such as the chemical components, the surface quality, the purity and the like without molten iron pretreatment and vacuum treatment procedures. The finally smelted steel for the claw pole of the motor has the characteristics of uniform chemical components, high purity, good castability, capability of continuous casting for 10 furnaces or more, good surface quality, low gas content, good hot upsetting performance and the like, and can also meet the electromagnetic performance that the coercive force Hc is less than or equal to 80 (A/m) and the maximum magnetic conductivity um is greater than or equal to 0.0085 (H/m).
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention relates to steel for a boron-containing motor claw pole, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0 to 0.05%, [ Si ]:0.02 to 0.08%, [ Mn ]: 0.25-0.35%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, S: 0.004-0.015%, less than or equal to 0.05% of [ Cr ], lessthan or equal to 0.05% of [ Ni ], lessthan or equal to 0.05% of [ Cu ], [ Al ]:0.010 to 0.025%, [ B ]:0.0010 to 0.0060 percent of Fe and inevitable impurities as the rest, wherein the ratio of C to Si is 0.5 to 1.5.
The invention has the following design reasons:
c can improve the strength and hardness of the steel, but the conductivity of the steel is influenced by the high content of C. In the invention, the content is preferably 0-0.05%;
si is an element for deoxidation, but a certain amount of silicon is beneficial to improving the electromagnetic performance when the carbon is low, and is more beneficial to the ferromagnetic performance of steel when the C/Si ratio is between 0.5 and 1.5, but the coercive force is increased and the electromagnetic performance is reduced along with the increase of the silicon content. Therefore, the invention is preferably 0.02 to 0.08%;
mn can play a role in solid solution strengthening, the strength of steel is improved, mnS is generated by combining with sulfur, the harmful effect of sulfur is eliminated to a certain extent, but the plasticity index of the steel is reduced due to the excessively high content of Mn, the strength of the steel is further improved when the Mn is higher than 0.35%, the coercive force of the steel is increased, the electromagnetic property is reduced, the plasticity index is reduced at the same time, and the deformability is reduced, wherein the Mn is preferably 0.25-0.35%;
al is a deoxidizing element and can refine grains, but the castability of the steel is influenced by the excessive content of Al. In the invention, the content is preferably 0.010-0.025%;
b can promote the coarsening uniformity of crystal grains and improve the hardenability and the magnetic conductivity of the steel. In the invention, the preferable range is 0.0010-0.0060%; b in the range can coarsen crystal grains to make the crystal grains more uniform, the crystal grains can grow uniformly after normalizing, and the hardenability of the steel is improved while the electromagnetic performance of the steel is promoted; on the other hand, B can bind to nitrogen, and prevents AlN from being formed at grain boundaries to affect the surface quality of steel, thereby improving the surface quality of steel.
P is a harmful element in steel, and is preferably less than or equal to 0.020 percent in the invention;
s is a free-cutting element, but the hot brittleness of the steel is affected by the high sulfur content, and 0.004 to 0.015% is preferred in the invention.
The invention provides a low-cost smelting process of the boron-containing steel for the claw pole of the motor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of electric furnace smelting, LF refining and square billet continuous casting, and specifically comprises the following operations:
(1) Adding steelmaking raw materials into an electric furnace to carry out low-carbon-pulling smelting operation, preheating scrap steel at 300-500 ℃, carrying out smelting oxygen supply for 30-40 min, controlling the tapping [ C ] to be less than or equal to 0.03%, controlling the tapping [ P ] to be less than or equal to 0.018%, sequentially adding a deoxidizing agent, an alloy and slag charge along with steel flow when tapping 1/3, and controlling the slag alkalinity R of the electric furnace to be 2.6-3.4; steel slag remaining operation is adopted, slag discharging is strictly forbidden, and the steel tapping time is 3-5 min;
preferably, the steelmaking raw materials adopted in the step (1) are scrap steel and molten iron, the scrap steel accounts for 15-25% of the total weight of the steelmaking raw materials, the molten iron accounts for 75-85% of the total weight of the steelmaking raw materials, the total loading amount of the steelmaking raw materials is 105-115 t/furnace, the electric furnace smelting time is 40-50 min, and the tapping temperature is 1620-1660 ℃; the addition amount of the slag charge is 900 kg/furnace of lime and 300 kg/furnace of slag melting agent.
Further, the deoxidizer in the step (1) is an aluminum block, the adding amount is 100-180 kg/furnace, the alloy is low-carbon ferromanganese, and the adding amount is 3.5-4.5 kg/t.
The oxygen supply time in the step (1) is long, and the conditions of scrap steel preheating and the like ensure that the tapping temperature meets the requirements while tapping carbon is ensured.
The low tapping C is controlled to prevent the conductivity of the claw pole from being influenced by the condition that the C component is qualified due to carburization in the refining process; and a proper amount of aluminum blocks are added in the tapping process so as to carry out deep deoxidation on the molten steel in the early stage and promote the floating of inclusions.
(2) LF carries out steel slag interface deoxidation by adopting aluminum particles and ferrosilicon powder, proper amount of lime is added in batches at proper time according to slag conditions, the adding amount of the lime is 400-600 kg/furnace, the fluidity of the slag is ensured, high-alkalinity slag is adopted for desulfurization, and the binary alkalinity R = 8-13; taking the same in the early stage of LF refining, adjusting the aluminum content to 0.025-0.035% by using an aluminum wire according to the Al content of the molten steel, and feeding ferroboron 5-10 minutes before the LF is finished; during the soft argon blowing operation, firstly feeding a proper amount of calcium silicon wires, feeding a proper amount of sulfur wires according to the sulfur content in steel after 5-10 minutes, then carrying out soft blowing for 15-60 minutes, and ensuring the proper ladle temperature after the soft blowing;
preferably, in the step (2), the LF adopts ferrosilicon powder and aluminum particles to perform steel slag interface deoxidation, and the adding amount of the ferrosilicon powder and the adding amount of the aluminum particles are respectively 1.2-1.8 kg/t and 1.8-2.2 kg/t; the feeding amount of the aluminum wire is 150-250 m/furnace.
Further, in the step (2), a proper amount of calcium silicate wire is fed into the furnace at a speed of 100-160 m/furnace, and a proper amount of sulfur wire is fed into the furnace at a speed of 15-25 m/furnace according to the sulfur content in the steel after 5-10 minutes; the ladle temperature after soft blowing is 1595-1625 ℃ in the casting furnace, 1575-1605 ℃ in the continuous casting furnace and can be increased by 5-10 ℃ in the abnormal turnover ladle temperature.
And a certain amount of ferrosilicon powder is added for steel slag interface deoxidation, so that the alkalinity of the suitable refining slag can be controlled, impurities in molten steel can be adsorbed, the purity of steel is improved, and the risk that molten steel is carburized and carbon components are qualified due to the use of silicon carbide for deoxidation is avoided.
The quantity of fed calcium silicate and the adding time of sulfur line are strictly controlled, so that the water gap is prevented from being blocked by alumina and calcium sulfide, and simultaneously, the excessive formation of a large amount of calcium aluminate inclusion in calcium treatment is avoided, and the calcium aluminate inclusion enters molten steel during casting to cause low purity of the molten steel.
(3) The continuous casting process adopts whole-course protective casting, the continuous casting tundish adopts an integral coating stopper tundish, a magnesium retaining wall, a Winsoy submerged nozzle and a stopper are used, the diameter of the nozzle is 40mm, reasonable superheat degree and constant drawing speed control are adopted, the superheat degree is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and the drawing speed is controlled at 0.90 +/-0.05 m/min;
the crystallizer adopts electromagnetic stirring, crystallizer covering slag is used, and the primary cooling water flow is 120 +/-20 m 3 H, the water temperature difference is 7.0-9.0 ℃, and the secondary cooling adopts a weak cooling water distribution mode and is provided with PMO;
preferably, in the step (3), the whole continuous casting process is protected for casting, the ladle long nozzle is protected by argon sealing, and the tundish is covered by an alkaline covering agent and a carbonized rice hull; the using time of the tundish is less than or equal to 12 hours; the electromagnetic stirring parameter of the crystallizer is 200A/2.5Hz, the sinusoidal vibration parameter is amplitude +/-2.5 mm, and the frequency is 130+40V opm; the crystallizer casting powder is special casting powder for the steel peritectic crystal, the content of C is 15-16%, the alkalinity is R = 1.00-1.10, the melting point is 1110-1190 ℃, and the viscosity is 0.90-1.05Pa.S/1300 ℃; the PMO voltage was 50V.
Further, in the weak cold water distribution mode in the step (3), the specific water amount is 0.25L/kg, the cooling mode is aerosol cooling, and the distribution ratio of each stage of secondary cooling is 40.
The crystallizer adopts an electromagnetic stirring and non-sinusoidal vibration mode, and crystallizer casting powder is used, the flow of primary cooling water is 110 +/-10 m < 3 >/h, the water temperature difference is 6.5-8.5 ℃, and the secondary cooling adopts an inter-cooling water distribution mode;
by adopting a weak cold water distribution mode and adopting reasonable superheat degree and constant drawing speed control, the continuous casting and drawing stress can be reduced, and the defects of corner cracks, slag entrapment and the like caused by liquid level fluctuation are avoided; the crystallizer casting powder with proper carbon content, melting point, alkalinity and viscosity can increase the lubricating capacity of the casting blank and ensure the surface quality of steel.
The electromagnetic stirring of the crystallizer and the PMO are equipped, so that the chemical components can be homogenized, the shrinkage cavity of the casting blank is reduced, and the internal quality of the casting blank is improved.
The invention controls the recarburization links such as the final carbon content of the electric furnace, the deoxidizing agent in the refining process and the like, ensures the satisfaction of the requirements, and simultaneously adopts reasonable deoxidation process and parameters to ensure the purity of steel, thereby ensuring the carbon content to meet the requirements without the ways of vacuum carbon deoxidation process and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides the boron-containing steel for the claw pole of the motor and the low-cost smelting process thereof, which can ensure that the boron-containing steel has uniform chemical components, high purity, good castability, continuous casting for 10 furnaces or more, good surface quality, low gas content, good hot upsetting performance and the like, and completely meet the use requirements of users of the high-end steel for the claw pole of the motor on mechanical strength and electromagnetic performance at the same time.
Compared with the prior art, the process has the advantages of simple operation, low production cost, no need of molten iron pretreatment and vacuum treatment, improvement of market competitiveness of products and remarkable economic and social benefits.
Detailed Description
The production process is briefly described as follows:
electric furnace smelting → LF refining → continuous casting of square billet (220X 260mm) 2 )。
Example 1
(1) Adding scrap steel and molten iron which are used as steel-making raw materials into an electric furnace to perform low-carbon-pulling smelting operation, wherein the scrap steel accounts for 21% of the total weight of the steel-making raw materials, the pig iron accounts for 79% of the total weight of the steel-making raw materials, the total loading amount is 110 t/furnace, the smelting time of the electric furnace is 45min, the alkalinity R of furnace slag is controlled to be 3.0, the tapping temperature is 1641 ℃, and the tapping [ C ]:0.02%, tapping [ P ]:0.010 percent, 150 kg/furnace of aluminum blocks, 4.1kg/t of low-carbon ferromanganese and 900 kg/furnace of slag charge lime are sequentially added along with steel flow when 1/3 of steel is tapped, 300 kg/furnace of furnace protecting agent is added, the electric furnace adopts steel slag retention operation, slag is strictly forbidden to be added, and the tapping time is 4.0min;
(2) LF carries out steel slag interface deoxidation by adopting 2.0kg/t of aluminum particles and 1.5kg/t of ferrosilicon powder, proper lime is added in batches at proper time according to slag conditions, the adding amount of the lime is 500 kg/furnace, the fluidity of slag is ensured, high-alkalinity slag is adopted for desulfurization, and the binary alkalinity R =10.1; feeding an aluminum wire 200 m/furnace to adjust the aluminum to 0.030% after the first sample is taken in the early stage of LF refining, and feeding ferroboron 7 minutes before the LF is finished; during the soft argon blowing operation, a proper amount of calcium silicate wire 140 m/furnace is fed, a proper amount of sulfur wire 21 m/furnace is fed according to the sulfur content in steel after 8 minutes, then the soft blowing time is 25 minutes, and the ladle temperature is 1600 ℃ after the soft blowing.
(3) The continuous casting process adopts full-process protective casting, argon sealing protection is carried out on a large ladle long nozzle, and a middle ladle is covered by an alkaline covering agent and carbonized rice hulls in a double-layer manner; the tundish adopts an integral coating stopper rod tundish, the service time is less than or equal to 12 hours, a magnesium retaining wall and a Wissowei immersion nozzle are used, and the diameter of the nozzle is 40mm; the method is characterized in that the method is controlled by low superheat degree and constant drawing speed, wherein the superheat degree is 31 ℃, and the drawing speed is 0.90m/min; the electromagnetic stirring parameter of the crystallizer is 200A/2.5Hz, the sinusoidal vibration parameter is amplitude +/-2.5 mm, and the frequency is 130+40V opm; the special covering slag for the steel of the Sphaerotheca steel is used, the content of C is 15-16%, the alkalinity is R = 1.00-1.10, the melting point is 1110-1190 ℃, and the viscosity is 0.90-1.05Pa.S/1300 ℃; the flow rate of primary cooling water is 120 +/-20 m 3 The water temperature difference is 7.0-9.0 ℃, the secondary cooling adopts a weak cooling water distribution mode, the specific water amount is 0.25L/kg, the PMO voltage is 50V, the cooling mode is aerosol cooling, and the distribution ratio of each secondary cooling section is 40.
Example 2
Tapping [ C ]:0.01%, tapping temperature 1643 ℃, the rest of the operation was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The tapping was carried out with 140kg of aluminum blocks, and the rest of the operation was the same as in example 2.
The steel obtained by continuous casting in the embodiment 1-3 is rolled, and the rolling treatment specifically comprises the following steps: the method adopts high-temperature heating and high-temperature rolling processes, and the heating process comprises the following steps: preheating section 800-900 ℃, heating section 950-1050 ℃, soaking section 1150-1250 ℃, heating time: 180min; removing phosphorus by adopting high-pressure water, wherein the pressure is more than or equal to 18MPa, and ensuring that the iron oxide scales on the surface of the continuous casting slab are removed completely; the rolling technological parameters are that the initial rolling temperature is 1050-1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900-980 ℃, the temperature of an upper cooling bed is 870-930 ℃, the shearing temperature is more than or equal to 350 ℃, and water is not penetrated in the rolling process to obtain a rolled material.
Example 1
Example 1 compared to example 1, the difference is: the operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the content of B element in the steel composition was 0.0008%.
Example 2
Example 2 compared to example 1, the difference is: the steel composition contained 0.0080% of B element, and the rest of the operation was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
The "tapping carbon 0.02%" in step (1) of example 1 was changed to "tapping carbon 0.04%" and example 1 was carried out under the same conditions as those of example 1. And detecting the finally prepared casting blank sample, wherein the carbon content is 0.06 percent and exceeds the standard.
Comparative example 2
The conditions of '900 kg of lime per furnace and 300kg of slagging agent per furnace' in the step (1) of the example 1 are modified into '500 kg of lime per furnace and 200kg of furnace protecting agent per furnace', and the other conditions are the same as those of the example 1. The finally prepared steel is detected to have Ds type large-particle inclusion of 2.5 grade, exceeding standard and far inferior to the quality of the steel prepared in the embodiment of the invention.
The chemical composition, gas content and inclusion grade of the steels obtained in examples 1 to 3 are shown in tables 1 to 2, respectively.
TABLE 1 final chemical composition and gas content (wt/%) of the steels prepared in examples 1-3
| Examples | C | Si | Mn | Cr/Ni/Cu | P | S | Al | B | O |
| 1 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.32 | ≤0.03 | 0.012 | 0.008 | 0.018 | 0.022 | 0.0018 |
| 2 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.31 | ≤0.03 | 0.013 | 0.006 | 0.020 | 0.023 | 0.0020 |
| 3 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.30 | ≤0.03 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.017 | 0.021 | 0.0017 |
TABLE 2 inclusion grade of steels prepared in examples 1 to 3
| Examples | A (coarse) | A (thin) | B (Thick) | B (thin) | C (Thick) | C (thin) | D (coarse) | D (thin) | DS |
| 1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
| 2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| 3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 |
The mechanical properties of the samples prepared from the heat-treated blanks for steels obtained in examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 mechanical Properties of steels prepared in examples 1 to 3
| Examples | Rm，N/mm 2 | Rel，N/mm 2 | A，％ | Z，％ |
| 1 | 328 | 221 | 43 | 77 |
| 2 | 331 | 223 | 41 | 75 |
| 3 | 330 | 220 | 42 | 76 |
| 1* | 335 | 227 | 40 | 72 |
| 2* | 321 | 214 | 39 | 70 |
Note: normalizing by a heat treatment system at 930 ℃, and keeping the temperature of the sample for not less than 30min.
The hot upsetting performance, shot blast flaw detection yield of casting blanks, and flaw detection yield of rolled materials of the steels obtained in examples 1 to 3 are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 qualification rates of hot upset forging, casting blank and rolled stock of steels prepared in examples 1 to 3
| Examples | 1/3 hot upset forging | Percent of pass of casting blank | Pass percent of rolled stock (B + 0.2) |
| 1 | Qualified | 100％ | 100％ |
| 2 | Qualified | 100％ | 100％ |
| 3 | Qualified | 100％ | 100％ |
The detection method of the correlation performance comprises the following steps: mechanical properties: GB/T228; hot upset YB/T5293; flaw detection of rolled stock: GB/T4162, GB/T11260, GB/T32547, YB/T4374; casting blank shot blasting flaw detection: fluorescence + visual observation.
The electromagnetic properties of the steels obtained in examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 5.
Table 5:
Claims (5)
1. a low-cost smelting process of boron-containing steel for a motor claw pole is characterized by comprising the following steps: the steel for the claw pole of the motor comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0 to 0.05%, and [ Si ]:0.02 to 0.08%, [ Mn ]:0.25 to 0.35 percent, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of [ P ], and [ S ]:0.004 to 0.015 percent, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of [ Cr ], lessthan or equal to 0.05 percent of [ Ni ], lessthan or equal to 0.05 percent of [ Cu ], [ Al ]:0.017 to 0.025%, [ B ]:0.0010 to 0.0060 percent of Fe and inevitable impurities in balance; the C/Si ratio is 0.5-1.5; the coercive force Hc of the electromagnetic property of the steel is less than or equal to 80A/m, and the maximum magnetic permeability um is more than or equal to 0.0085; 1/3 of the steel is qualified by hot upsetting, the qualified rate of casting blanks is 100 percent, and the qualified rate of rolled products is 100 percent;
the smelting process comprises the steps of electric furnace smelting, LF refining and square billet continuous casting, and comprises the following specific operations:
(1) Adding a steelmaking raw material into an electric furnace to perform low-carbon-drawing smelting operation, preheating scrap steel to 300-500 ℃, carrying out smelting oxygen supply for 30-40min, controlling the tapping [ C ] to be less than or equal to 0.03%, the tapping [ P ] to be less than or equal to 0.018%, the tapping temperature to be 1620-1660 ℃, sequentially adding a deoxidizer, an alloy and a slag charge along with steel flow when tapping 1/3, and controlling the furnace slag alkalinity R to be 2.6-3.4; steel slag remaining operation is adopted, slag discharging is strictly forbidden, and the steel tapping time is 3 to 5min;
the steelmaking raw materials adopted in the step (1) are scrap steel and molten iron, the scrap steel accounts for 15-25% of the total mass of the steelmaking raw materials, the molten iron accounts for 75-85% of the total mass of the steelmaking raw materials, the total charging amount of the steelmaking raw materials is 105-115t/furnace, the electric furnace smelting time is 40-50min, the adding amount of slag charge is 900kg of lime/furnace, and the slag melting agent is 300 kg/furnace;
(2) Carrying out steel slag interface deoxidation on LF (ladle furnace) by adopting aluminum particles and ferrosilicon powder, adding a proper amount of lime in batches at proper time according to slag conditions to ensure the fluidity of slag, and desulfurizing by adopting high-alkalinity slag, wherein the binary alkalinity R =8 to 13; taking the same in the early stage of LF refining, adjusting aluminum to 0.025 to 0.035% by using an aluminum wire according to the Al content of molten steel, and feeding ferroboron 5 to 10 minutes before the LF is finished; during the soft argon blowing operation, firstly feeding a proper amount of calcium silicate wire, feeding a proper amount of sulfur wire according to the sulfur content in steel after 5 to 10 minutes, then soft blowing for 15 to 60 minutes, and ensuring a proper bale temperature after soft blowing;
(3) The continuous casting process adopts full-process protection casting, the full-process protection casting of the continuous casting uses a magnesium retaining wall, a Vesuwei immersion type water gap and a stopper rod, a ladle long water gap is protected by argon sealing, and a tundish uses an alkaline covering agent and a carbonized rice hull double-layer covering; the using time of the tundish is less than or equal to 12 hours; the continuous casting tundish adopts an integral coating stopper tundish, the superheat degree is controlled to be 20 to 35 ℃, and the drawing speed is controlled to be 0.90 +/-0.05 m/min;
electromagnetic stirring is adopted in the crystallizer, crystallizer covering slag is used, and primary cooling water flow is 120 +/-20 m 3 H, the water temperature difference is 7.0 to 9.0 ℃, and a weak cold water distribution mode is adopted for secondary cooling, and PMO is prepared; the electromagnetic stirring parameter of the crystallizer is 200A/2.5Hz, the sinusoidal vibration parameter is amplitude +/-2.5 mm, and the frequency is 130+40V opm; the crystallizer casting powder is special casting powder for the Xibao peritectic steel, the content of C is 15-16%, the alkalinity is R = 1.00-1.10, the melting point is 1110-1190 ℃, and the viscosity is 0.90-1.05Pa, and the temperature is S/1300 ℃; the PMO voltage is 50V.
2. The low-cost smelting process of the boron-containing motor claw pole steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: the deoxidizer in the step (1) is an aluminum block, the addition amount is 100 to 180kg/furnace, the alloy is low-carbon ferromanganese, and the addition amount is 3.5 to 4.5kg/t.
3. The low-cost smelting process of the boron-containing motor claw pole steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the LF adopts ferrosilicon powder and aluminum granules to carry out steel slag interfacial deoxidation, and the addition amounts of the ferrosilicon powder and the aluminum granules are respectively 1.2 to 1.8kg/t and 1.8 to 2.2kg/t; the feeding quantity of the aluminum wire is 150 to 250 m/furnace.
4. The low-cost smelting process of the boron-containing steel for the claw pole of the motor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: feeding a proper amount of calcium silicate wire in the step (2) for 100-160 m/furnace, and feeding a proper amount of sulfur wire in the step (2) for 15-25 m/furnace according to the sulfur content in the steel after 5-10 minutes; the temperature of the ladle after soft blowing is 1595 to 1625 ℃ in a casting furnace, 1575 to 1605 ℃ in a continuous casting furnace, and the temperature of the abnormal turnover ladle can be increased by 5 to 10 ℃.
5. The low-cost smelting process of the boron-containing motor claw pole steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: in the weak cold water distribution mode in the step (3), the specific water amount is 0.25L/kg, the cooling mode is aerosol cooling, and the distribution ratio of each secondary cooling section is 40.
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