CN112680560B - Waste heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system - Google Patents
Waste heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112680560B CN112680560B CN202011421788.5A CN202011421788A CN112680560B CN 112680560 B CN112680560 B CN 112680560B CN 202011421788 A CN202011421788 A CN 202011421788A CN 112680560 B CN112680560 B CN 112680560B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a waste heat boiler in a converter dry dedusting system, which comprises: activity petticoat pipe, steam pocket, vaporization cooling flue includes: the movable smoke hood is movably supported at the lower end of the furnace mouth section flue; the furnace mouth section flue and the middle I section flue are hermetically connected through an expansion compensator; spoilers are arranged in each first heated pipe within a 120-degree included angle range formed by symmetrically expanding bottom center buses of the obliquely arranged middle I section flue and the obliquely arranged middle II section flue at the lower section part to two sides; various combined cooling modes are adopted in each section of the vaporization cooling flue. The waste heat boiler is safe and stable in operation, long in service life and capable of conveniently controlling the temperature of flue gas output by the tail flue to be 800-1000 ℃.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of converter waste heat boilers, in particular to a waste heat boiler in a converter dry dedusting system.
Background
In the prior art, the working principle of a converter dry dedusting system is as follows: the converter can generate a large amount of high-temperature converter flue gas with the temperature as high as 1650 ℃ in the steelmaking process, and the high-temperature converter flue gas comprises the following components: the high-temperature converter flue gas is cooled to 800-1000 ℃ after heat exchange by a converter waste heat boiler, the high-temperature converter flue gas cooled by the waste heat boiler is further cooled by water spraying, the temperature is reduced to about 200 ℃, and an electric dust collector is used for processing. As shown in fig. 1, the dry dedusting system of the converter mainly comprises: a converter waste heat boiler, an evaporative cooler, an electrostatic dust collector, a coal gas switching station, a coal gas cooler, a diffusing system, an ash conveying system and the like. The dust content of the high-temperature converter flue gas adopting the dry dust removal system can be reduced to 10mg/Nm after dust removal3In addition, the energy consumption of steel making per ton can be reduced to be below 10kg of standard coal, so that the converter dry dedusting system is the development direction of converter steel making dedusting.
The converter waste heat boiler is a flue type waste heat boiler, and is widely applied to recovering heat in high-temperature dust-containing flue gas and coal gas generated during converter steelmaking in a steel mill. The converter waste heat boiler is directly linked in the production process of converter steelmaking and directly participates in production as part of the steelmaking process of a steel mill. The converter waste heat boiler comprises: movable smoke hood, steam pocket, vaporization cooling flue. The evaporative cooling flue includes: a furnace mouth section flue, a middle I section flue, a middle II section flue, a middle III section flue and a tail flue which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top. Furnace mouth section flue, in I section flue, in II section flues, in III section flues, all include in the afterbody flue: annular import collection case and annular outlet collection case that the interval set up are provided with the water-cooling wall between annular import collection case and the annular outlet collection case, and this water-cooling wall includes: the two ends of each first heated pipe are respectively communicated with the corresponding annular inlet header and the corresponding annular outlet header. The movable smoke hood is movably supported at the lower end of a fire hole section flue above a fire hole of the converter, and when in smelting, the movable smoke hood needs to descend to cover the fire hole so as to control air to enter, thereby improving the quality of recovered coal gas; after smelting, the movable smoke hood needs to be lifted at the moment so that the converter can freely rotate to pour out molten steel.
At present, all sections of flues in the evaporative cooling flues are usually connected in a sealing way through connecting flanges and sealing gaskets arranged at the upper end and the lower end. Because the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas in the flue is cooled through vaporization, when the converter makes steel, each section of flue is heated to expand, particularly the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas entering the flue at the furnace mouth section is about 1650 ℃, and the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas entering the flue at the middle I section is about 1200 ℃, so that the axial expansion displacement of the flue at the furnace mouth section and the flue at the middle I section is large, and the flue at the furnace mouth section and the flue at the middle I section are easy to damage after the flue at the furnace mouth section and the flue at the middle I section adopt a common sealing connection mode. In addition, because the first section flue and the second section flue are provided with inclined sections, and the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas entering the first section flue and the second section flue is over 1000 ℃, when cooling water at the inner side of each first heated pipe at the bottom of the inclined section of the first section flue and the second section flue is heated and quickly vaporized because the high-temperature converter flue gas directly scours the inner side wall of the first heated pipe, generated steam bubbles are attached to the upper part of the heated pipe, and the density of the water is higher than that of the steam and is positioned at the lower part of the heated pipe, thus the steam-water stratification phenomenon easily occurs in the first heated pipe at the bottom of the inclined section in the first section flue and the second section flue, if the steam-water mixture flows slowly due to long-time heating scouring, the conditions that the inner wall of the pipe of a local first heated pipe is attached by high-temperature steam and the outer wall of the pipe is scoured by high-temperature flue gas can occur, the first heated pipe at the bottom of the inclined section of the first section flue and the second section flue is easy to crack. The structure makes the converter waste heat boiler extremely unstable in operation. In addition, in order to meet the related technical requirements of the dry dedusting system during working, how to ensure that the temperature of the flue gas output from the tail flue of the converter waste heat boiler is between 800 and 1000 ℃ is also a technical problem which is very concerned by the neighborhood.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the waste heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system has safe and stable operation and longer service life, and can conveniently control the temperature of the flue gas output by the tail flue to be 800-1000 ℃.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: waste heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system includes: activity petticoat pipe, steam pocket, vaporization cooling flue, high temperature converter flue gas can get into the vaporization cooling flue through the activity petticoat pipe, and the exhanst gas outlet of vaporization cooling flue can communicate with evaporative cooler, and the vaporization cooling flue includes: the movable smoke hood is movably supported at the lower end of the furnace mouth section flue which can be positioned above the furnace mouth of the converter; furnace mouth section flue, in I section flue, in II section flues, in III section flues, all include in the afterbody flue: annular import collection case and annular outlet collection case that the interval set up are provided with the water-cooling wall between annular import collection case and the annular outlet collection case, and this water-cooling wall includes: the two ends of each first heated pipe are respectively communicated with the corresponding annular inlet header and the corresponding annular outlet header; the method is characterized in that: the furnace mouth section flue and the middle I section flue are hermetically connected through an expansion compensator; spoilers are arranged in each first heated pipe within a 120-degree included angle range formed by symmetrically expanding bottom center buses of the obliquely arranged middle I section flue and the obliquely arranged middle II section flue at the lower section part to two sides; the furnace mouth section flue adopts a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, the middle section I flue and the middle section II flue adopt a natural circulation cooling mode, and the middle section III flue and the tail flue adopt a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode. The natural circulation cooling mode is as follows: cooling water directly enters the corresponding annular inlet header from a water outlet of the steam drum through a downcomer, then enters the corresponding first heated pipe for heat exchange, then enters the corresponding annular outlet header, and finally enters the steam drum; the cooling mode of the high-pressure forced circulation is as follows: cooling water enters the high-pressure forced circulation pump from the water outlet of the steam drum through the downcomer, then enters the corresponding annular inlet header, then enters the corresponding first heated pipe for heat exchange, then enters the corresponding annular outlet header, and finally enters the steam drum.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: the expansion compensator comprises: lower base, lower base includes: the bottom flange at the outer side of the inner cylinder is also welded with an annular connecting seat consisting of a ring plate and an outer peripheral plate, a plurality of reinforcing rib plates are arranged between the ring plate and the bottom flange at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral plate, and the bottom flange can be detachably connected with a connecting flange bolt on an annular outlet header of a flue at a furnace mouth section; go up the connecting piece, go up the connecting piece and include: the top end of the outer cylinder is welded with a top flange, the top flange can be detachably connected with a connecting flange bolt on an annular inlet header of a middle I-section flue, the inner cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the outer cylinder, the top end of the inner cylinder upwards extends into the bottom of the outer cylinder, and a gap is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; a soft non-metal composite layer is sleeved on the periphery of the outer cylinder, the upper end of the non-metal composite layer is connected to the top flange, and the lower end of the non-metal composite layer is connected to the ring plate; heat-resisting sealing cotton is arranged between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body and between the non-metal composite layer and the inner cylinder body and between the non-metal composite layer and the outer cylinder body.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: the flange on the annular export collection case of fire door section flue includes: the bottom flange is positioned above the first flange and is detachably connected with the outer section of the second flange through inverted ring bolts, and a gap is reserved between the bottom flange and the outer section of the second flange; the bottom flange bottom of the outer section top of second flange is provided with the round steel along circumference, is provided with two square steels on the outer section of second flange along circumference interval, and it has the sealing strip to fill between two square steels, and the bottom flange is through falling ring bolted connection in the outer section back of second flange, and the round steel supports and forms sealedly on the upper surface of sealing strip.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: each spoiler is in a spiral rising shape.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: the activity petticoat pipe includes: the petticoat pipe body, the petticoat pipe body includes: the water cooling wall is formed by vertically superposing a plurality of horizontally arranged annular second heated pipes, and each second heated pipe extends out of a water inlet connecting pipe to be connected with the water inlet collecting tank and also extends out of a water outlet connecting pipe to be connected with the water outlet collecting tank; the movable smoke hood adopts a low-pressure forced circulation cooling mode which is as follows: and cooling water enters the water inlet header through the low-pressure forced circulation pump, then enters each second heated pipe, and finally flows out of the water outlet header.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: the fire door section flue includes: the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue which is vertically arranged and can be positioned above the furnace mouth of the converter and the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue which is obliquely arranged; the inlet end of each first heated pipe of the furnace mouth section flue is provided with a throttle orifice plate, and the aperture of the throttle orifice plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the first heated pipe of the furnace mouth section flue; a feed opening device is arranged on the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue, and an oxygen lance opening device and a sublance opening device for oxygen blowing of a converter oxygen lance are arranged on the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue; the furnace mouth section flue can be movably supported on a plant platform through a first sliding support frame arranged on the rear side of the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue, and can be fixed on the movable trolley through a fixed support arranged on the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: a first temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe is arranged at the flue gas inlet of the middle section I flue; well I section flue can be fixed on the factory building platform through setting up the first constant force dish spring gallows on I section flue in, can slide and support on the platform of factory building through the second sliding support frame that sets up on I section flue in.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: well II sections flues include: a lower section arranged obliquely and an upper section arranged vertically; the middle II section of flue can be fixed on a plant platform through a hinged support arranged on the lower section of the middle II section of flue.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: the middle III section of flue comprises: a vertically arranged lower section and an obliquely arranged upper section; an inspection manhole is arranged on the upper section of the middle-section III section flue; the middle III section of flue can be fixed on a plant platform through a second constant force disc spring supporting and hanging frame arranged on the middle III section of flue.
Further, the exhaust-heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: the afterbody flue includes: the upper section is obliquely arranged and the lower section is vertically arranged; a smoke outlet of the vaporization cooling flue is arranged at the bottom of the lower section of the tail flue, and a second temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe is arranged on the lower section of the tail flue; a plurality of spray holes are uniformly arranged on the lower section of the tail flue below the temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe at intervals along the circumferential direction; the tail flue can be fixed on the plant platform through a third constant force disc spring supporting and hanging frame arranged on the tail flue.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the first section of the flue at the furnace mouth and the first section of the flue at the middle part are connected through the expansion compensator, so that the first section of the flue at the furnace mouth and the first section of the flue at the middle part can have axial expansion allowance, the maximum axial displacement can reach 120mm, the axial displacement requirement of the vaporization cooling flue for thermal expansion is met, and the service life of the converter waste heat boiler is prolonged. Secondly, the movable skirt cover adopts a low-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, the flue at the furnace mouth section adopts a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, the flue at the section I in the middle and the flue at the section II in the middle adopt a natural circulation cooling mode, and the flue at the section III in the middle and the flue at the tail part adopt a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode; the combined cooling modes can conveniently control the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas cooled by the converter waste heat boiler to be 800-1000 ℃, and facilitate the subsequent dust removal treatment of the high-temperature converter flue gas. And thirdly, spiral ascending spoilers are arranged in the first heated pipes at the bottoms of the rear sides of the first section of flue and the second section of flue along the steam-water flow direction, so that the structure can effectively prevent the first heated pipes from bursting to ensure that the converter waste heat boiler stably operates, and improve the heat conversion utilization rate of the high-temperature converter flue gas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a converter dry dedusting system as described in the background of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the movable smoke hood;
FIG. 4 is a structural view of a Z-direction flue of the furnace mouth section in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of section I of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a Z-direction structure diagram of the I-section flue in FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a spoiler;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a portion of an expansion compensator;
FIG. 10 is a Z-direction structure diagram of the section II flue in FIG. 2;
FIG. 11 is a Z-direction structural view of a section III flue in FIG. 2;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a back pass.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the preferred embodiments.
As shown in fig. 2, the waste heat boiler in the converter dry dedusting system comprises: the movable smoke hood 1, the steam pocket and the evaporation cooling flue. In the drawings, the steam drum is not shown. The evaporative cooling flue includes: a furnace mouth section flue 2, a middle I section flue 3, a middle II section flue 4, a middle III section flue 5 and a tail flue 6 which are sequentially communicated from bottom to top. The movable smoke hood 1 is movably supported at the lower end of a furnace mouth section flue 1 above a converter furnace mouth, and during smelting, the movable smoke hood 1 needs to descend to cover the furnace mouth to control air to enter, so that the quality of recovered coal gas is improved; after smelting, the movable smoke hood 1 needs to ascend so that the converter can freely rotate to pour out molten steel. The converter mouth section flue 2, the middle I section flue 3, the middle II section flue 4, the middle III section flue 5 and the tail flue 6 which form the vaporization cooling flue in the converter waste heat boiler all comprise: annular import collection case and annular outlet collection case that the interval set up are provided with the water-cooling wall between annular import collection case and the annular outlet collection case, and this water-cooling wall includes: the two ends of each first heated pipe are respectively communicated with the corresponding annular inlet header and the corresponding annular outlet header. The cooling water entering the vaporization cooling flue is deoxygenated water, and the circulation mode of the cooling water can be selected according to the working requirements in each section of the vaporization cooling flue: one cooling method is a natural circulation cooling method, namely: deaerated water enters a steam drum from an outlet of a deaerator through a water supply pipe, then enters a corresponding annular inlet header from a water outlet of the steam drum through a downcomer connecting pipe on the corresponding annular inlet header, then enters a corresponding first heated pipe for heat exchange, then enters a corresponding annular outlet header, and finally enters the steam drum, wherein the formed saturated steam enters an ascending pipe through outlet connecting pipes on the annular outlet headers; the other cooling mode is a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, namely: deoxygenated water enters a steam pocket from an outlet of a deoxygenator through a water supply pipe, then enters a high-pressure forced circulation pump from a water outlet of the steam pocket through a downcomer, then enters a corresponding annular inlet header through a pipeline, then enters a corresponding first heated pipe for heat exchange, then enters a corresponding annular outlet header, and finally enters the steam-water mixture into an ascending pipe through an outlet connecting pipe on the corresponding annular outlet header and finally enters the steam pocket. When the flue adopting the high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode works, the pressure range in the first heating pipe in the flue can be 3.5-5.5MPa, and the pressure range can be determined according to the working requirements of related systems.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the movable hood 1 includes: the petticoat pipe body. A gap is required to be reserved between the smoke hood body and the furnace mouth section flue so as to facilitate the up-and-down lifting of the movable smoke hood 1. The petticoat pipe body includes: the water cooling wall is formed by vertically overlapping a plurality of horizontally arranged annular second heated tubes 13, and each second heated tube 13 extends out of a water inlet connecting tube to be connected with the water inlet collecting tank 11 and also extends out of a water outlet connecting tube to be connected with the water outlet collecting tank 12. Be provided with nitrogen seal header 14 on the round platform shape water-cooling wall, when the converter was smelted, let in nitrogen gas in the nitrogen seal header 14, form the nitrogen seal between petticoat pipe body and fire door section flue 2, prevent that high temperature converter flue gas from spilling over in the clearance between petticoat pipe body and the fire door section flue 2, lead to workshop environmental pollution. The top of the smoke hood body is provided with 4 lifting devices 15 at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the lifting devices 15 are common devices in the field of converter waste heat boilers and are not described herein any more. The petticoat pipe body is through four guide pulley 16 activity supports that the interval set up on fire door section flue, when going up and down through hoisting device 15 activity petticoat pipe 1, and every guide pulley 16 reciprocates on the outer wall of fire door section flue 2 lower extreme, and guide pulley 16 plays the guide effect. When the converter is smelted, a gap needs to be reserved between the movable smoke hood 1 and a converter mouth, and the range of the gap is 80-150 mm. The purpose of leaving a gap between the movable smoke hood 1 and the converter mouth is as follows: on one hand, the combustion coefficient of the high-temperature converter flue gas entering the vaporization cooling flue is ensured, the quality of coal gas recovery is ensured, on the other hand, the gap cannot be too small, otherwise, slag accumulation at the furnace mouth can influence the buckling cover. Because the temperature at the converter mouth is higher, when the movable smoke hood 1 works, a low-pressure forced circulation cooling mode is adopted, the pressure range in the second heated pipe 13 in the movable smoke hood can be 0.8-1.0MPa, and the pressure range can be specifically determined according to the working requirement of the movable smoke hood 1. The deoxygenated water enters a low-pressure forced circulation pump from the outlet of the deoxygenator, then enters the water inlet header 11 through a water inlet pipe on the water inlet header 11, then enters each second heated pipe 13 of the circular truncated cone-shaped water-cooled wall, the deoxygenated water after heat exchange flows out of the water outlet header 12, and in the process, water with higher temperature is generated and then flows back to the deoxygenator.
As shown in fig. 2, 4, and 5, the throat section flue 2 includes: the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue which is vertically arranged and positioned above the furnace mouth of the converter and the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue which is obliquely arranged. An annular inlet header 21 of the furnace mouth section flue is arranged on the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue, an annular outlet header 23 of the furnace mouth section flue is arranged on the top of the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue, and a plurality of first heated pipes 22 forming a water-cooled wall of the furnace mouth section flue are arranged between the annular inlet header 21 of the furnace mouth section flue and the annular outlet header 23 of the furnace mouth section flue along the circumferential direction. The lower section of the furnace mouth section flue is provided with a feed opening device 26, the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue is provided with an oxygen lance opening device 24 and a sublance opening device 25 which are used for oxygen blowing of a converter oxygen lance, and the feed opening device 26, the oxygen lance opening device 24 and the sublance opening device 25 are common devices in the field of converter waste heat boilers and are not described again. For convenience of description, the side of the tuyere section flue where the lance opening installation 24 is located in FIG. 4 is defined as the front side. The furnace mouth section flue 2 is movably supported on the plant platform through a first sliding support frame 27 arranged on the rear side of the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue and is fixed on the movable trolley through a fixed support 28 arranged on the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue. As the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas entering the furnace mouth section flue reaches 1650 ℃, in order to quickly reduce the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas, the furnace mouth section flue 2 adopts a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode. In order to ensure that the deoxygenated water entering the annular inlet header 21 of the furnace mouth section flues enters the first heated pipes 22 of each furnace mouth section flue as uniformly and orderly as possible, the inlet of the first heated pipe 22 of each furnace mouth section flue is provided with a throttling orifice plate 29, so that the first heated pipe 22 of each furnace mouth section flue is communicated with the annular inlet header 21 of the furnace mouth section flue through a throttling hole on the throttling orifice plate 29, and the caliber of the throttling hole on the throttling orifice plate 29 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first heated pipe 22. After the high-temperature converter flue gas is cooled by the water-cooled wall of the flue at the furnace mouth section, the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas entering the flue at the middle section I is about 1200 ℃.
As shown in fig. 2, 6, 7 and 8, the middle section i flue 3 is obliquely arranged, and a flue gas inlet of the middle section i flue 3 is butted with a flue gas outlet of the furnace mouth flue 2 through an expansion compensator 7. Well I section flue 3 includes: the annular inlet header 31 of the middle I section flue and the annular outlet header 33 of the middle I section flue are positioned above the annular inlet header 31 of the middle I section flue, and a plurality of first heating pipes 32 forming the water-cooled wall of the middle I section flue are arranged between the annular inlet header 31 of the middle I section flue and the annular outlet header 33 of the middle I section flue along the circumferential direction. A first temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe 36 for measuring the temperature and the pressure of the high-temperature converter flue gas entering the middle I section flue 3 is arranged at the flue gas inlet of the middle I section flue 3. Well I section flue 3 can be fixed on the factory building platform through the first constant force dish spring gallows 34 that sets up on it, can slide and support on the platform of factory building through the second sliding support frame 35 that sets up on well I section flue 3. The middle I section of the flue 3 adopts a natural circulation cooling mode. Spoilers 321 in a spiral rising shape are arranged in the first heated pipe 32 at the bottom of the rear side of the middle I-section flue 3 along the steam-water flow direction, and the upper end and the lower end of each spoiler 321 are fixed on the inner wall of the corresponding first heated pipe 32. The range of the first heated pipe 32 provided with the spoiler 321 in the middle i-section flue 3 is as follows: referring to fig. 7, spoilers 321 are arranged in each first heated pipe 32 within an included angle range of 120 degrees formed by symmetrically expanding a central bus at the bottom of the rear side of the middle-I section flue towards two sides. The purpose of the spoiler 321 is to: because the obliquely arranged middle I section flue 3 adopts a natural circulation cooling mode, when the cooling water at the inner side of each first heated pipe 32 at the bottom is heated and quickly vaporized because the flue gas of the high-temperature converter directly scours the inner side wall of the first heated pipe 32, the generated steam bubbles are attached to the upper part of the first heated pipe 32, and the water is higher in density than the steam and is positioned at the lower part of the first heated pipe 32, thus the steam-water stratification phenomenon easily occurs in the first heated pipe 32 at the bottom of the middle I section flue, if the steam-water mixture flows slowly due to the long-time heat scouring, the part of the first heated pipe 32 is easy to burst, after the spoiler 321 is arranged, the cooling water passing through the first heated pipe 32 with the spoiler 321 can spirally rise to play the roles of forcibly guiding water flow and strengthening heat transfer, so that the steam-water stratification phenomenon does not occur in the first heated pipe 32 with the spoiler 321, the situation that the inner wall of the local pipe wall of the first heated pipe 32 is attached by high-temperature steam and the outer wall of the local pipe wall of the first heated pipe 32 is washed by high-temperature flue gas due to steam-water stratification can not occur, on one hand, the pipe bursting caused by fatigue phenomenon or even creep deformation of the material of each first heated pipe 32 can be prevented, so that the converter waste heat boiler can be ensured to stably operate, on the other hand, water flow can be guided forcibly, heat transfer is enhanced, and the heat conversion utilization rate of the high-temperature converter flue gas is further improved.
As shown in fig. 9, the expansion compensator 7 includes: lower base, lower base includes: the bottom end of the inner cylinder 712 is welded with a bottom flange 711, the bottom flange 711 at the outer side of the inner cylinder is also welded with an annular connecting seat consisting of a ring plate 714 and a peripheral plate 713, a plurality of reinforcing rib plates 715 are arranged between the ring plate 714 and the bottom flange 711 at intervals along the peripheral plate in the circumferential direction, and the bottom flange 711 can be detachably connected with a connecting flange bolt on the annular outlet header 23 of the flue at the furnace mouth section; go up the connecting piece, go up the connecting piece and include: the top end of the outer cylinder 732 is welded with a top flange 731, the top flange 731 can be detachably connected with a connecting flange 311 on the annular inlet header 31 of the middle I-section flue through bolts, the inner cylinder 712 is positioned on the inner side of the outer cylinder 732, the top end of the inner cylinder 712 extends upwards into the bottom of the outer cylinder 732, and a gap is formed between the inner cylinder 712 and the outer cylinder 732; the periphery of the outer cylinder 732 is also sleeved with a soft non-metal composite layer 72, the upper end of the non-metal composite layer 72 is connected to the bottom of the top flange 731 through a top plate 721 bolt, and the lower end of the non-metal composite layer 72 is connected to the annular plate 714 through a bottom pressing plate 722; heat-resistant sealing cotton 76 is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder and between the non-metal composite layer 72 and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, and in the embodiment, the heat-resistant sealing cotton 76 is glass fiber cloth-aluminum silicate fiber cotton. The plurality of reinforcing rib plates 715 arranged between the ring plate 714 and the bottom flange 711 at intervals along the circumferential direction of the peripheral plate enable the non-metal composite layer 72 to be stably supported on the ring plate 714. When the converter is smelted, the furnace mouth section flue 2 and the I section flue 3 are heated to expand, the lower base of the expansion compensator 7 moves upwards and the upper connecting piece moves downwards, the soft non-metal composite layer 72 is generally made of silica gel, the middle part of the upper and lower ends of the soft non-metal composite layer protrudes outwards after being pressed, the furnace mouth section flue 2 and the I section flue 3 can axially expand, the maximum axial displacement can reach 120mm, the axial displacement requirement of the vaporization cooling flue for heating expansion is met, and the service life of the converter waste heat boiler is prolonged.
In this embodiment, a heat-resistant insulating layer for preventing the high-temperature converter flue gas from damaging the inner cylinder is disposed on the inner sidewall of the inner cylinder 712, and a heat-resistant insulating layer 75 is also disposed between the middle i-section flue above the inner cylinder 712 and the outer cylinder 732 to prevent the high-temperature converter flue gas from damaging the outer cylinder 732. In practical applications, the heat-resistant insulation layer 75 may be a stainless steel wire gauze coated aluminum silicate fiber cotton. The flange on annular export collection case 23 of fire door section flue includes: the first flange 231 is fixed on the annular outlet header, the inner section of the second flange 232 is welded at the bottom of the first flange 231, the bottom flange 711 is positioned above the first flange 231 and is detachably connected with the outer section of the second flange 232 through an inverted ring bolt with one end hinged to the outer section of the second flange, and a gap is reserved between the bottom flange 711 and the outer section of the second flange 232; bottom flange 711 bottom of the outer section top of second flange 232 is provided with round steel 741 along circumference, is provided with two square steels 742 on the outer section of second flange along circumference interval, it has sealing strip 743 to fill between two square steels 742, bottom flange 711 passes through the back-up ring bolted connection in the outer section back of second flange 232, round steel 741 supports and forms sealedly on the upper surface of sealing strip 743, and this kind of seal structure can prevent that high temperature converter flue gas from leaking in the gap between bottom flange 711 and first flange 231.
As shown in fig. 2 and 10, the flue gas inlet of the middle second-segment flue 4 is in sealed butt joint with the flue gas outlet of the middle first-segment flue 3. The middle II section of flue 4 comprises: the lower section that sets up and the upper segment that sets up vertically. An annular inlet header 41 of the middle II-section flue is arranged at the bottom end of the lower section of the middle II-section flue, an annular outlet header 43 of the middle II-section flue is arranged at the top end of the upper section of the middle II-section flue, and a plurality of first heating pipes 42 forming a water-cooled wall of the middle II-section flue are arranged between the annular inlet header 41 of the middle II-section flue and the annular outlet header 43 of the middle II-section flue along the circumferential direction. The middle II section flue 4 can be fixed on a factory platform through a hinged support 44. The middle II section of flue 4 adopts a natural circulation cooling mode. As in the first section flue 3, spirally rising spoilers are arranged in the first heated pipe 42 at the bottom of the rear side of the second section flue 4 along the steam-water flow direction, and the upper end and the lower end of each spoiler are fixed on the inner wall of the corresponding first heated pipe 42. The range of the first heated pipe 42 provided with the spoiler in the middle II section of flue is as follows: referring to fig. 7, spoilers are disposed in each first heated tube 42 within an included angle of 120 ° formed by symmetrically expanding a central bus at the bottom of the rear side of the middle-second section flue to both sides.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 11, the flue gas inlet of the middle section iii flue 5 is in sealed butt joint with the flue gas outlet of the middle section ii flue 4. The middle III section flue 5 comprises: a vertically arranged lower section and an obliquely arranged upper section. An annular inlet header 51 of the middle III section flue 5 is arranged at the bottom end of the lower section of the middle III section flue, an annular outlet header 53 of the middle III section flue 5 is arranged at the upper section outlet of the middle III section flue, and a plurality of first heating pipes 52 of the middle III section flue are arranged between the annular inlet header 51 of the middle III section flue 5 and the annular outlet header 53 of the middle III section flue along the circumferential direction. An inspection manhole 54 for inspection and ash removal is arranged on the upper section of the middle-III section flue 5. The middle III section flue 5 can be fixed on a factory platform through a second constant force disc spring supporting hanger 55. In operation, the middle III section flue 5 adopts a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode.
As shown in fig. 2 and 12, the back pass 6 includes: the upper segment that sets up and the hypomere that sets up vertically. The flue gas inlet of the tail flue 6 is positioned on the upper section and is in sealed butt joint with the flue gas outlet of the upper section of the middle III section flue 5, the flue gas outlet of the tail flue 6 is positioned at the bottom of the lower section, and the flue gas outlet can be communicated with a steam cooler. An annular inlet header 61 of the tail flue 6 is arranged on the lower section, an annular outlet header 63 of the tail flue 6 is arranged at a flue gas inlet of the tail flue 6, and a plurality of first heated pipes 62 forming a water-cooled wall of the tail flue 6 are arranged between the annular inlet header 61 of the tail flue 6 and the annular outlet header 63 of the tail flue 6 along the circumferential direction. The tail flue 6 can be fixed on the platform of the factory building through a third constant force disc spring supporting and hanging bracket 64. A plurality of spraying holes 66 are uniformly arranged at the flue gas outlet at the lower end of the tail flue 6 along the circumferential direction at intervals, and a plurality of spray guns on the steam cooler can spray steam downwards through the corresponding spraying holes 66. A second temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe 65 for measuring the temperature, pressure and composition of the high-temperature converter flue gas at the flue gas outlet of the tail flue 6 is arranged on the lower section of the tail flue 6 above the spraying holes 66. The steam sprayed from the atomizing nozzle in the evaporative cooler in the dry dedusting system of the converter directly cools the flue gas to about 200 ℃, and simultaneously the flue gas is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment, so that the specific resistance of dust is favorable for the collection of the electrostatic deduster. And the properties of the converter flue gas in the converter are analyzed through the second temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe 65, so that preparation is made for the flue gas quenching and tempering of the evaporative cooler. The tail flue 6 adopts a cooling mode of high-pressure forced circulation.
In the embodiment, the middle-III section flue 5 and the tail flue 6 are positioned at the tail end of the vaporization cooling flue, the temperature of the flue gas is relatively low, in addition, the two sections of flues are of a large-elbow structure at the top, horizontal sections are respectively arranged in the first heated pipes in the middle-III section flue 5 and the tail flue 6, if a natural circulation mode is adopted, the flow rate of water vapor in the water-cooled walls of the middle-III section flue 5 and the tail flue 6 is relatively slow, the heat conversion utilization rate is also low, in order to improve the heat conversion utilization rate of the middle-III section flue 5 and the tail flue 6, the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas cooled by the converter waste heat boiler is controlled to be 800-1000 ℃, and the middle-III section flue 5 and the tail flue 6 adopt a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode. In the middle III section flue 5, deoxygenated water enters a high-pressure forced circulation pump from a water outlet of the steam pocket through a downcomer, then enters a corresponding annular inlet header 51 through a circulation pump connecting pipe on an annular inlet header 51 of the middle III section flue 5, then enters a first heated pipe 52 of each middle III section flue for heat exchange, then enters an annular outlet header 53 of the middle III section flue 5, and a formed steam-water mixture enters an ascending pipe through an outlet connecting pipe on the annular outlet header 53 and finally enters the steam pocket; in the tail flue 6, deoxygenated water enters a high-pressure forced circulation pump from a water outlet of the steam drum through a downcomer, then enters the corresponding annular inlet header 61 through a circulation pump connecting pipe on the annular inlet header 61 of the tail flue 6, then enters the first heated pipe 62 of each tail flue 6 for heat exchange, then enters the annular outlet header 63 of the tail flue 6, and a formed steam-water mixture enters an ascending pipe through an outlet connecting pipe on the annular outlet header 63 and finally enters the steam drum.
The invention has the advantages that: the first section of the flue 2 at the furnace mouth and the first section of the flue 3 at the middle part are connected through an expansion compensator 7, so that the first section of the flue 2 at the furnace mouth and the first section of the flue 3 at the middle part can have axial expansion allowance, the maximum axial displacement can reach 120mm, the requirement of the vaporization cooling flue on the axial displacement caused by thermal expansion is met, and the service life of the converter waste heat boiler is prolonged. Secondly, the movable skirt cover 1 adopts a low-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, the furnace mouth section flue 2 adopts a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, the middle I section flue 3 and the middle II section flue 4 adopt a natural circulation cooling mode, and the middle III section flue 5 and the tail flue 6 adopt a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode; the combined cooling modes can conveniently control the temperature of the high-temperature converter flue gas cooled by the converter waste heat boiler to be 800-1000 ℃, and facilitate the subsequent dust removal treatment of the high-temperature converter flue gas. And thirdly, spiral ascending spoilers 321 are respectively arranged in the first heated pipes at the bottoms of the rear sides of the first section flue I and the second section flue II along the steam-water flow direction, so that the structure can effectively prevent the first heated pipes from bursting to ensure that the converter waste heat boiler stably operates, and improve the heat conversion utilization rate of the high-temperature converter flue gas.
Claims (10)
1. Waste heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system includes: activity petticoat pipe, steam pocket, vaporization cooling flue, high temperature converter flue gas can get into the vaporization cooling flue through the activity petticoat pipe, and the exhanst gas outlet of vaporization cooling flue can communicate with evaporative cooler, and the vaporization cooling flue includes: the movable smoke hood is movably supported at the lower end of the furnace mouth section flue which can be positioned above the furnace mouth of the converter; furnace mouth section flue, in I section flue, in II section flues, in III section flues, all include in the afterbody flue: annular import collection case and annular outlet collection case that the interval set up are provided with the water-cooling wall between annular import collection case and the annular outlet collection case, and this water-cooling wall includes: the two ends of each first heated pipe are respectively communicated with the corresponding annular inlet header and the corresponding annular outlet header; the method is characterized in that: the furnace mouth section flue and the middle I section flue are hermetically connected through an expansion compensator; spoilers are arranged in each first heated pipe within a 120-degree included angle range formed by symmetrically expanding bottom center buses of the obliquely arranged middle I section flue and the obliquely arranged middle II section flue at the lower section part to two sides; the furnace mouth section flue adopts a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, the middle section I flue and the middle section II flue adopt a natural circulation cooling mode, and the middle section III flue and the tail section flue adopt a high-pressure forced circulation cooling mode, wherein the natural circulation cooling mode is as follows: cooling water directly enters the corresponding annular inlet header from a water outlet of the steam drum through a downcomer, then enters the corresponding first heated pipe for heat exchange, then enters the corresponding annular outlet header, and finally enters the steam drum; the cooling mode of the high-pressure forced circulation is as follows: cooling water enters the high-pressure forced circulation pump from the water outlet of the steam drum through the downcomer, then enters the corresponding annular inlet header, then enters the corresponding first heated pipe for heat exchange, then enters the corresponding annular outlet header, and finally enters the steam drum.
2. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the expansion compensator comprises: lower base, lower base includes: the bottom flange at the outer side of the inner cylinder is also welded with an annular connecting seat consisting of a ring plate and an outer peripheral plate, a plurality of reinforcing rib plates are arranged between the ring plate and the bottom flange at intervals along the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral plate, and the bottom flange can be detachably connected with a connecting flange bolt on an annular outlet header of a flue at a furnace mouth section; go up the connecting piece, go up the connecting piece and include: the top end of the outer cylinder is welded with a top flange, the top flange can be detachably connected with a connecting flange bolt on an annular inlet header of a middle I-section flue, the inner cylinder is positioned on the inner side of the outer cylinder, the top end of the inner cylinder upwards extends into the bottom of the outer cylinder, and a gap is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; a soft non-metal composite layer is sleeved on the periphery of the outer cylinder, the upper end of the non-metal composite layer is connected to the top flange, and the lower end of the non-metal composite layer is connected to the ring plate; heat-resistant stainless steel sealing cotton is arranged between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body and between the non-metal composite layer and the inner cylinder body and between the non-metal composite layer and the outer cylinder body.
3. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the flange on the annular export collection case of fire door section flue includes: the bottom flange is positioned above the first flange and is detachably connected with the outer section of the second flange through inverted ring bolts, and a gap is reserved between the bottom flange and the outer section of the second flange; the bottom flange bottom of the outer section top of second flange is provided with the round steel along circumference, is provided with two square steels on the outer section of second flange along circumference interval, and it has the sealing strip to fill between two square steels, and the bottom flange is through falling ring bolted connection in the outer section back of second flange, and the round steel supports and forms sealedly on the upper surface of sealing strip.
4. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: each spoiler is in a spiral rising shape.
5. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: the activity petticoat pipe includes: the petticoat pipe body, the petticoat pipe body includes: the water cooling wall is formed by vertically superposing a plurality of horizontally arranged annular second heated pipes, and each second heated pipe extends out of a water inlet connecting pipe to be connected with the water inlet collecting tank and also extends out of a water outlet connecting pipe to be connected with the water outlet collecting tank; the movable smoke hood adopts a low-pressure forced circulation cooling mode which is as follows: and cooling water enters the water inlet header through the low-pressure forced circulation pump, then enters each second heated pipe, and finally flows out of the water outlet header.
6. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: the fire door section flue includes: the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue which is vertically arranged and can be positioned above the furnace mouth of the converter and the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue which is obliquely arranged; the inlet end of each first heated pipe of the furnace mouth section flue is provided with a throttle orifice plate, and the aperture of the throttle orifice plate is smaller than the inner diameter of the first heated pipe of the furnace mouth section flue; a feed opening device is arranged on the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue, and an oxygen lance opening device and a sublance opening device for oxygen blowing of a converter oxygen lance are arranged on the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue; the furnace mouth section flue can be movably supported on a plant platform through a first sliding support frame arranged on the rear side of the upper section of the furnace mouth section flue, and can be fixed on the movable trolley through a fixed support arranged on the lower section of the furnace mouth section flue.
7. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: a first temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe is arranged at the flue gas inlet of the middle section I flue; well I section flue can be fixed on the factory building platform through setting up the first constant force dish spring gallows on I section flue in, can slide and support on the platform of factory building through the second sliding support frame that sets up on I section flue in.
8. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: well II sections flues include: a lower section arranged obliquely and an upper section arranged vertically; the middle II section of flue can be fixed on a plant platform through a hinged support arranged on the lower section of the middle II section of flue.
9. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: the middle III section of flue comprises: a vertically arranged lower section and an obliquely arranged upper section; an inspection manhole is arranged on the upper section of the middle-section III section flue; the middle III section of flue can be fixed on a plant platform through a second constant force disc spring supporting and hanging frame arranged on the middle III section of flue.
10. The exhaust-heat boiler in converter dry dedusting system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that: the afterbody flue includes: the upper section is obliquely arranged and the lower section is vertically arranged; a smoke outlet of the vaporization cooling flue is arranged at the bottom of the lower section of the tail flue, and a second temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe is arranged on the lower section of the tail flue; a plurality of spray holes are uniformly arranged on the lower section of the tail flue below the temperature and pressure measuring ring pipe at intervals along the circumferential direction; the tail flue can be fixed on the plant platform through a third constant force disc spring supporting and hanging frame arranged on the tail flue.
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| CN115094183B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2023-10-13 | 柳州钢铁股份有限公司 | Forced circulation device, system and method for converter end section fume hood half pipe |
| CN115319417A (en) * | 2022-08-20 | 2022-11-11 | 欧萨斯能源环境设备(南京)有限公司 | Manufacturing process of converter water-cooling flue |
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| CN109576436A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-04-05 | 苏州海陆重工股份有限公司 | Compulsory circulative cooling flue |
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| CN2910951Y (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-06-13 | 江阴海陆冶金设备制造有限公司 | Expansion joint structure type evaporated cooling flue of steelmaking converter |
| CN2910952Y (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-06-13 | 江阴海陆冶金设备制造有限公司 | Forced circulation type evaporated cooling flue of steelmaking converter |
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