CN112680231A - Repairing agent and repairing method for repairing aged petroleum polluted soil - Google Patents
Repairing agent and repairing method for repairing aged petroleum polluted soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a repairing agent for repairing aged petroleum polluted soil, which comprises the following components: compounding surfactant microemulsion, rhamnolipid, persulfate and quicklime; the application method of the agent is to prepare the use amount of each component according to the pollution degree of soil, wherein the use amount is light pollution use amount, moderate pollution use amount and severe pollution use amount. The repairing agent is green and environment-friendly, is a common agent in environment-friendly repairing engineering, and is easy to obtain; the pollutants are finally decomposed into non-toxic substances such as CO2, H2O and the like, the removal rate of the target pollutants is high, and no secondary pollution is caused to the environment; the repairing method is simple and convenient to operate, short in repairing time, low in cost, high in safety and capable of achieving engineering application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground polluted soil remediation, in particular to a remediation agent and a remediation method for remediating aged petroleum polluted soil.
Background
The development and utilization of oil and gas resources bring more and more environmental problems, and the oil-containing solid waste, oil-containing waste water, ground crude oil and other pollutants generated in the exploration, exploitation, transportation, use and other processes of petroleum cause serious pollution to soil. Petroleum pollution not only can affect land functions, such as changing soil properties and structures, destroying microbial communities, affecting plant growth and the like, but also can bring toxic hazards to human bodies and animals, for example, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can affect normal functions of organs such as liver and kidney, and benzene series with larger concentration can cause symptoms such as nausea and dizziness. Because petroleum pollutants can migrate and transform in the underground soil water environment in various forms such as a dissolved state, a free state, a volatile state, an adsorption state and the like, the difficulty of repairing the polluted site is greatly increased, and therefore, the exploration of a high-efficiency, economic and green repairing technology with wide application range and difficulty in repairing and treating petroleum-polluted soil and underground water is inevitable.
In recent years, chemical oxidation remediation technology is increasingly applied to remediation of organic pollution sites such as petroleum hydrocarbons and benzene series. Commonly used oxidizing agents are hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, ozone and persulfates. The hydrogen peroxide generates OH (E0 is 2.80V) after being catalyzed, can quickly react with most of organic matters such as olefin, aromatic hydrocarbon and the like, but has poor stability and is in a ring under the groundThe environment is easy to decompose, and the engineering application consumption is overlarge; permanganate (MnO)4 -E0 ═ 1.70V) can remove DNPAL contaminants such as TCE, but MnO is formed as the reaction proceeds2The soil pores can be blocked, and the transmission capability and the reaction rate of the medicament are reduced; ozone (O)3E0 ═ 2.10V) itself can oxidize and decompose carbon-carbon double bonds or react to generate OH-oxidized organic matter, but the ozone solubility is low (5-30mg/L), the mass transfer in soil is limited, so that the pollutant can not be fully contacted and reacted, and the practical engineering application is less; in contrast, persulfate salts (S)2O8 2-E0 ═ 2.01V) is activated to form SO with strong oxidizing property4 -In addition, the activation process is accompanied by generation of free radicals such as OH, superoxide ion, peroxygen ion and the like, so that the selectivity of the oxidizing agent to pollutants is reduced, and most of organic pollutants and part of refractory organic matters can be degraded. In addition, the persulfate has good solubility and stability and long half-life period, can fully and long-term react with organic pollutants in the underground environment to achieve the aim of continuously degrading the pollutants, and the generated final product is harmless to the environment and has relatively low medicament cost, so that the persulfate is widely applied to remediation engineering of organic pollution of soil and underground water.
In recent years persulfate oxidation has been used to degrade a variety of pollutants such as ethylene chloride, chlorophenol, bisphenol a, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, gasoline components, gasoline additives, and many volatile organic compounds. There has been little research on the remediation of high molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbons or aged petroleum-based contaminated soils. At present, most of polluted soil used in research is obtained by compounding in a laboratory, the actual polluted site condition is often complex, the polluted soil is exposed in the environment for a long time and has a series of physical and chemical reactions, so that the pollutant components in the soil are more complex, the soil is more tightly combined, and the repairing difficulty is greatly increased. In addition, as more and more industrial enterprises are shut down, moved and re-developed and utilized in original sites, it is necessary to optimize the technology and process parameters for repairing aged petroleum-contaminated soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a remediation medicament and a remediation method for remediating aged petroleum-polluted soil, the remediation medicament provides different proportions for different pollution concentrations, saves medicament consumption, reduces engineering cost, has no secondary pollution to the environment, and is simple and convenient to operate, short in remediation period and capable of meeting engineering application.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a remediation agent for remediating aged petroleum-contaminated soil, comprising the following components: compounding surfactant microemulsion, rhamnolipid, persulfate and quicklime.
Further, the compound surfactant microemulsion is a compound microemulsion formed by SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), sodium silicate and ethanol; the persulfate comprises potassium persulfate and/or sodium persulfate; the pollutants in the polluted soil mainly comprise petroleum hydrocarbon and benzene series.
Further, the mass fraction of SDS is 0.2% -0.5%, the concentration of sodium silicate is 0.5mol/L, and the mass fraction of ethanol is 0.1% -0.2%.
A use method of a remediation medicament for remedying aged petroleum-polluted soil is characterized in that the use amounts of components are respectively a light-pollution use amount, a moderate-pollution use amount and a severe-pollution use amount according to the pollution degree of the soil.
Further, the light pollution use amount is as follows: the compound surfactant microemulsion is added with 1%, the rhamnolipid concentration is 0.1%, the addition is 0.5%, the addition of persulfate is 1% of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition of quicklime is 5% -10% of the mass of the polluted soil.
Further, the moderate pollution use amount is as follows: the compound surfactant microemulsion is added in an amount of 2%, the rhamnolipid concentration is 0.1%, the addition amount is 1%, the addition amount of persulfate is 2% of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition amount of quicklime is 10% -15% of the mass of the polluted soil.
Further, the moderate pollution use amount is as follows: the compound surfactant microemulsion is added with 3 percent of the addition amount, the rhamnolipid concentration is 0.1 percent, the addition amount is 2 percent, the addition amount of the persulfate is 3 percent of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition amount of the quicklime is 10 to 20 percent of the mass of the polluted soil.
Wherein, SDS is powder, the top grade is pure, the active matter content is greater than or equal to 95%; the sodium silicate is an industrial grade, superior product, and the soluble solid is more than or equal to 99 percent; the ethanol is industrial 95% ethanol, superior product, and the ethanol content is more than or equal to 96%; the rhamnolipid is of industrial grade, and the content is more than or equal to 80 percent; the persulfate is industrial-grade potassium persulfate and/or industrial-grade sodium persulfate, and is superior pure, and the content is more than or equal to 99 percent; the quicklime is industrial calcium oxide grade I, and the content of calcium oxide is more than or equal to 92 percent.
A restoration method for restoring soil polluted by aged oily wastewater comprises the following steps:
(1) digging the polluted soil to be restored and transporting the polluted soil to a disposal workshop;
(2) screening the polluted soil, removing impurities, and crushing, wherein the particle size of the crushed soil is less than 30 mm;
(3) adding the compound surfactant microemulsion into the crushed polluted soil, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the polluted soil by using a turner or a rotary cultivator/ALLU hopper;
(4) spraying rhamnolipid solution and water on the surface of the contaminated soil added with the compound surfactant microemulsion to enable the water content of the contaminated soil to be 50% -60%, standing and maintaining for 1 day, and transferring pollutants which are difficult to degrade and strong in adsorption on the surface of solid-phase particles of the aged oily wastewater contaminated soil to a liquid phase by using a medicament;
(5) adding quicklime into the maintained polluted soil, and uniformly mixing by using a turner/ALLU bucket to ensure that the water content of the polluted soil is 25-30%;
(6) adding persulfate solution and water into the polluted soil after adding the quicklime to ensure that the water content of the polluted soil is 40-50%, standing and maintaining for 3-5 days, and activating the generated SO by utilizing persulfate4 -Strong oxidizing free radicals such as OH, etc. oxidize and decompose the pollutants, and reduce the concentration of the pollutants to a safe value.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention aims at the aging polluted soil polluted by petroleum hydrocarbon and benzene series for a long time and has the advantages of thorough removal, no tailing, no rebound, high pollutant degradation rate, no secondary environmental pollution and the like.
2. The invention adds pollutant desorption agents on the basis of pure chemical oxidation remediation such as persulfate oxidation and/or Fenton oxidation, and the pollutants strongly adsorbed on the surfaces of soil colloid and soil particles are resolved into a solution by utilizing the compound surfactant microemulsion and rhamnolipid, thereby being beneficial to thoroughly removing the pollutants. SDS and rhamnolipid are easy biological degradation medicament, friendly to the environment and harmless, and the addition of rhamnolipid is favorable to activating the indigenous microorganisms in the aged soil, play a certain role in degrading pollutants.
3. The invention adopts an activated persulfate oxidation method, after quicklime is added, on one hand, the quicklime emits a large amount of heat when meeting water to carry out thermal activation on persulfate, on the other hand, the quicklime can increase the pH value of soil to carry out alkali activation on persulfate, and under the condition of double activation of heat and alkali, a plurality of kinds of SO and a large amount of SO exist in the system4 -·、OH·、HO2 -、O2 -Equal-strength oxidizing free radicals, can efficiently, quickly and thoroughly decompose most organic pollutants into water, carbon dioxide and other non-toxic and harmless substances, and redundant OH in soil along with the reaction-Can be neutralized with the generated H +, and does not affect the pH value of the soil after the reaction is finished.
4. The restoration agent has wide sources, is common biological, chemical and other raw materials, and is widely applied to environmental management restoration projects such as polluted soil, sewage and the like.
5. The repairing agent is convenient to purchase, transport and store, the repairing method is convenient to operate, few in mechanical equipment and safe in construction process, and the repairing agent can be well popularized and applied in actual engineering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of TPH pollution concentration before and after the contaminated soil is treated in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the meta & para xylene contamination concentration before and after the contaminated soil is treated in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of TPH pollution concentration before and after the contaminated soil is treated in example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the comparison of the meta & para xylene contamination concentration before and after the contaminated soil is treated in example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
The invention discloses a repairing agent for repairing aged petroleum polluted soil, which comprises the following components: compounding surfactant microemulsion, rhamnolipid, persulfate and quicklime; wherein the compound surfactant microemulsion is a compound microemulsion formed by SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), sodium silicate and ethanol; the persulfate comprises potassium persulfate and/or sodium persulfate; pollutants in the polluted soil mainly comprise petroleum hydrocarbon and benzene series; the mass fraction of SDS is 0.2% -0.5%, the concentration of sodium silicate is 0.5mol/L, and the mass fraction of ethanol is 0.1% -0.2%.
Wherein, SDS is powder, the top grade is pure, the active matter content is greater than or equal to 95%; the sodium silicate is an industrial grade, superior product, and the soluble solid is more than or equal to 99 percent; the ethanol is industrial 95% ethanol, superior product, and the ethanol content is more than or equal to 96%; the rhamnolipid is of industrial grade, and the content is more than or equal to 80 percent; the persulfate is industrial-grade potassium persulfate and/or industrial-grade sodium persulfate, and is superior pure, and the content is more than or equal to 99 percent; the quicklime is industrial calcium oxide grade I, and the content of calcium oxide is more than or equal to 92 percent.
The using method of the repairing medicament comprises the following steps: aiming at the slightly aged oil-containing wastewater polluted soil, the addition amount of the compound surfactant microemulsion is 1%, the concentration of rhamnolipid is 0.1% (mass fraction), the addition amount is 0.5%, the addition amount of persulfate is 1% of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition amount of quicklime is 5% -10% of the mass of the polluted soil; aiming at the soil polluted by moderate-aging oily wastewater, the addition amount of the compound surfactant microemulsion is 2%, the concentration of rhamnolipid is 0.1% (mass fraction), the addition amount is 1%, the addition amount of persulfate is 2% of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition amount of quicklime is 10% -15% of the mass of the polluted soil; aiming at the soil polluted by the heavily aged oily wastewater, the addition amount of the compound surfactant microemulsion is 3%, the concentration of rhamnolipid is 0.1% (mass fraction), the addition amount is 2%, the addition amount of persulfate is 3% of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition amount of quicklime is 10% -20% of the mass of the polluted soil.
The repair method using this agent is as follows:
(1) digging the polluted soil to be restored and transporting the polluted soil to a disposal workshop;
(2) screening the polluted soil, removing impurities, and crushing, wherein the particle size of the crushed soil is less than 30 mm;
(3) adding the compound surfactant microemulsion into the crushed polluted soil, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the polluted soil by using a turner/rotary cultivator/ALLU hopper;
(4) spraying rhamnolipid solution and water on the surface of the contaminated soil added with the compound surfactant microemulsion to enable the water content of the contaminated soil to be 50% -60%, standing and maintaining for 1 day, and transferring pollutants which are difficult to degrade and strong in adsorption on the surface of solid-phase particles of the aged oily wastewater contaminated soil to a liquid phase by using a medicament;
(5) adding quicklime into the maintained polluted soil, and uniformly mixing by using a turner/ALLU bucket to ensure that the water content of the polluted soil is 25-30%;
(6) adding persulfate solution and water into the polluted soil after adding the quicklime to ensure that the water content of the polluted soil is 40-50%, standing and maintaining for 3-5 days, and activating the generated SO by utilizing persulfate4 -Strong oxidizing free radicals such as OH, etc. oxidize and decompose the pollutants, and reduce the concentration of the pollutants to a safe value.
Example 1
The polluted soil is soil in a place polluted by aged oily wastewater in Shandong province, and the pollutants are petroleum hydrocarbon and m & p-xylene. Respectively digging light, medium and heavy polluted soil according to site investigation results, and conveying the soil to a soil disposal workshop, wherein total petroleum hydrocarbons of the light, medium and heavy polluted soil are detected by gas chromatography for determination of soil and sediment petroleum hydrocarbons (C10-C40) (HJ 1021-: 635mg/kg, 2062mg/kg, 3891 mg/kg. The m-xylene and the p-xylene are detected by a sweeping and trapping/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HJ 605-2011) for measuring volatile organic compounds of soil and sediments, and the concentrations are 21.5mg/kg, 68.6mg/kg and 138mg/kg respectively. Removing impurities from the polluted soil by using mechanical equipment, crushing the soil to the diameter of 30mm, then respectively adding 1%, 2% and 3% of compound surfactant microemulsion into the light, medium and heavy polluted soil, uniformly mixing by using a turner, respectively spraying 0.5%, 1% and 2% of rhamnolipid solution with the concentration of 0.1% onto the surfaces of the light, medium and heavy polluted soil, adjusting the water content to 50% -60% by using water according to the soil water content condition, maintaining for 1 day, respectively adding 6%, 10% and 15% of quicklime into the light, medium and heavy polluted soil after the maintenance is finished, uniformly mixing by using a rotary cultivator, adding 1%, 2% and 3% of sodium persulfate into the soil, adjusting the water content to 40% -50% by using water according to the soil condition, and maintaining for 5 days. The contaminant degradation profile is shown in table 1.
Table 1 example 1 soil contaminant removal rates for different levels of contamination
Example 2
The polluted soil is soil of a petrochemical polluted site in Gansu province, and the pollutants are petroleum hydrocarbon and benzene series (benzene and ethylbenzene). The TPH concentrations of the light, medium and heavy polluted soil are respectively as follows: 4600mg/kg, 5830mg/kg and 7120mg/kg, the concentration of the benzene series is respectively: 20.6mg/kg, 55.1mg/kg, 75.2 mg/kg. In the example, the addition amounts of the compound surfactant microemulsion in the light, medium and heavy polluted soil are respectively 1%, 2% and 3%, the addition amounts of rhamnolipid (concentration 0.1%) are respectively 0.5%, 1% and 2%, the addition amounts of quicklime are respectively 5%, 10% and 15%, the addition amounts of sodium persulfate are respectively 1%, 2% and 3%, and other parameters are the same as those in example 1. The contaminant degradation profile is shown in table 2.
Table 2 example 2 soil contaminant removal rates for different degrees of contamination
| Degree of contamination | Slight pollution | Moderate pollution | Severe pollution |
| TPH removal rate | 59.6％ | 38.8％ | 42.3％ |
| Benzene series removal rate | 70.4％ | 61.3％ | 47.3％ |
Comparative example 1
The contaminated soil was site soil contaminated with aged oily wastewater from Shandong province (same as example 1), and the contaminants were petroleum hydrocarbons and m & p-xylene. The moderately contaminated soil was taken, 10% quicklime and 2% sodium persulfate were added, and the other parameters were the same as in example 1. The contaminant degradation profile is shown in table 3.
Table 3 removal rate of soil contaminants with different degrees of contamination in comparative example 1
Comparative example 2
The contaminated soil was site soil contaminated with aged oily wastewater from Shandong province (same as example 1), and the contaminants were petroleum hydrocarbons and m & p-xylene. Taking moderately polluted soil, adding 2% of compound surfactant microemulsion, 1% of rhamnolipid solution (with the concentration of 0.1%) and 2% of sodium persulfate, and performing the same operation as in example 1 except for other parameters. The contaminant degradation profile is shown in table 4.
Table 4 soil contaminant removal rates of comparative example 2 with different degrees of contamination
Comparative example 3
The polluted soil is soil of a petrochemical polluted site in Gansu province (same as example 2), and the pollutants are petroleum hydrocarbon and benzene series (benzene and ethylbenzene). The moderately contaminated soil was taken, 10% quicklime and 2% sodium persulfate were added, and the other parameters were the same as in example 1. The contaminant degradation is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 removal rate of soil pollutants of different pollution degrees in comparative example 3
| Degree of contamination | Slight pollution | Moderate pollution | Severe pollution |
| TPH removal rate | 31.7％ | 17.2％ | 15.0％ |
| Benzene series removal rate | 48.5％ | 27.2％ | 26.2％ |
Comparative example 4
The polluted soil is soil of a petrochemical polluted site in Gansu province (same as example 2), and the pollutants are petroleum hydrocarbon and benzene series (benzene and ethylbenzene). Taking moderately polluted soil, adding 2% of compound surfactant microemulsion (with the concentration of 0.2%), 1% of rhamnolipid solution (with the concentration of 0.1%) and 2% of sodium persulfate, and carrying out the same operation with other parameters as in example 1. The contaminant degradation is shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 comparative example 4 soil contaminant removal rates of different degrees of contamination
Wherein, FIG. 1 is a comparison graph of TPH pollution concentration before and after the polluted soil is treated by the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2; FIG. 2 is a graph showing the comparison of the meta & para xylene contamination concentration before and after the contaminated soil is treated in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2; FIG. 3 is a graph showing the comparison of TPH pollution concentration before and after the contaminated soil is treated in example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4; FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of the meta and para-xylene pollution concentrations of the contaminated soil before and after treatment in example 2, comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, and it can be seen that the effect of the remediation of the contaminated soil by using the remediation agent and the remediation method of the present invention is superior to the remediation effect of the comparative example.
The above results show that: according to results of two engineering examples on site, compared with a comparative example in which an activating agent (quicklime) is not added or a compound surfactant microemulsion is not added, the method adopts the compound surfactant microemulsion and an activated persulfate oxidation method to treat the aged petroleum polluted soil with different concentration gradients; the optimal removal rates of the total petroleum hydrocarbon of the light, medium and heavy polluted soil can respectively reach 75.1%, 67.5% and 73.9%, and the optimal removal rates of the benzene series can respectively reach 74.0%, 62.8% and 57.8%; the invention has the advantages of remarkable repairing effect, thorough pollutant decomposition, short repairing time, low cost and no secondary environmental pollution; the restoration agent has wide sources, is common biological, chemical and other raw materials, and is widely applied to environmental management restoration projects such as polluted soil, sewage and the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The repairing agent for repairing aged petroleum polluted soil is characterized by comprising the following components: compounding surfactant microemulsion, rhamnolipid, persulfate and quicklime.
2. The repairing agent for repairing aged petroleum-contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the compounded surfactant microemulsion is a compounded microemulsion formed from SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), sodium silicate and ethanol; the persulfate comprises potassium persulfate and/or sodium persulfate; the pollutants in the polluted soil mainly comprise petroleum hydrocarbon and benzene series.
3. The repairing agent for repairing soil contaminated by aged petroleum according to claim 2, wherein the mass fraction of SDS is 0.2% -0.5%, the concentration of sodium silicate is 0.5mol/L, and the mass fraction of ethanol is 0.1% -0.2%.
4. The use method of the remediation agent for remedying the aged petroleum-polluted soil is characterized in that the use amounts of the components are prepared according to the pollution degree of the soil and are respectively a light pollution use amount, a moderate pollution use amount and a severe pollution use amount.
5. The remediation agent of claim 4, wherein the mild-pollution application is: the compound surfactant microemulsion is added with 1%, the rhamnolipid concentration is 0.1%, the addition is 0.5%, the addition of persulfate is 1% of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition of quicklime is 5% -10% of the mass of the polluted soil.
6. The remediation agent of claim 4, wherein the moderate-pollution is applied in an amount of: the compound surfactant microemulsion is added in an amount of 2%, the rhamnolipid concentration is 0.1%, the addition amount is 1%, the addition amount of persulfate is 2% of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition amount of quicklime is 10% -15% of the mass of the polluted soil.
7. The remediation agent of claim 4, wherein the moderate-pollution is applied in an amount of: the compound surfactant microemulsion is added with 3 percent of the addition amount, the rhamnolipid concentration is 0.1 percent, the addition amount is 2 percent, the addition amount of the persulfate is 3 percent of the mass of the polluted soil, and the addition amount of the quicklime is 10 to 20 percent of the mass of the polluted soil.
8. A method of repairing a prosthesis according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprising the steps of:
(1) digging the polluted soil to be restored and transporting the polluted soil to a disposal workshop;
(2) screening the polluted soil, removing impurities, and crushing, wherein the particle size of the crushed soil is less than 30 mm;
(3) adding the compound surfactant microemulsion into the crushed polluted soil, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing the polluted soil by using a turner or a rotary cultivator;
(4) spraying rhamnolipid solution and water on the surface of the contaminated soil added with the compound surfactant microemulsion to enable the water content of the contaminated soil to be 50% -60%, standing and maintaining for 1 day, and transferring pollutants which are difficult to degrade and strong in adsorption on the surface of solid-phase particles of the aged oily wastewater contaminated soil to a liquid phase by using a medicament;
(5) adding quicklime into the maintained polluted soil, and uniformly mixing by using a turner or an ALLU bucket to ensure that the water content of the polluted soil is 25-30%;
(6) adding persulfate solution and water into the polluted soil after adding the quicklime to ensure that the water content of the polluted soil is 40-50%, standing and maintaining for 3-5 days, and activating the generated SO by utilizing persulfate4 -Strong oxidizing free radicals such as OH, etc. oxidize and decompose the pollutants, and reduce the concentration of the pollutants to a safe value.
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| JP7238228B1 (en) | 2022-08-29 | 2023-03-14 | 生態環境部南京環境科学研究所 | Combining rhamnolipids and earthworms to remediate dioxin-contaminated soil |
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