CN112679494A - Preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivatives, belonging to the field of organic synthesis. Solves the problems that the existing synthesis method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine structure needs metal catalysis, the range of substrates is limited, the total yield of multi-step reaction is lower, and stoichiometric additives, toxic oxidants, anaerobic technology and reaction conditions are harsh. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving pyridine salt, unsaturated alkene and 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone in an organic solvent, dropwise adding triethylamine for reaction, concentrating by using a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent, and then separating and purifying by using a silica gel column chromatography to obtain the pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of organic synthesis.
Background
The compound with a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine core skeleton structure has important application value in the fields of natural products, pesticides, medicines (compounds 1 and 2), catalysts (compound 3), functional materials and the like due to special biological and chemical properties. Meanwhile, the pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine compound has the advantages of wide distribution, large quantity, rich structure types, obvious and diversified biological activity in the nature, great attention in the field of medicine research and development, continuous successful clinical application, huge market demand and great synthetic research significance.
Pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine active compounds are widely distributed in natural products and drug molecules and are common organic molecular building blocks. Pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine core skeleton drugs such as Vismodegib (Vismodegib) and Desloratadine (Desloratadine) have good biological activity in the aspects of treating prostate cancer, allergic rhinitis and the like. Because of its unique biochemical properties, it has wide medicine research and development prospect and important synthetic research significance.
At present, the traditional method for constructing the pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine structure is mainly realized by the reaction of a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon and an alkyl Grignard reagent under the concerted catalysis action of a ligand by a transition metal Pd or copper reagent. And the existing synthesis method comprises the following steps: the range of substrates is limited, the total yield of the multi-step reaction is low (the yield is only 40%), the stoichiometric additive (more additive amount), the toxic oxidant, the anaerobic technology, the harsh reaction conditions and the like. Therefore, the synthesis of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine compounds has important significance. Therefore, the problem to be solved at present is to find a synthesis method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivatives with mild conditions, simple method and high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative, aiming at solving the problems that the existing synthesis method of a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine structure needs metal catalysis, the range of substrates is limited, the total yield of multi-step reaction is low, and stoichiometric additives, toxic oxidants, oxygen-free technology and reaction conditions are harsh.
A process for the preparation of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivatives, which comprises the steps of:
dissolving pyridinium, unsaturated alkene and 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone in an organic solvent at room temperature, dropwise adding triethylamine at a dropwise adding speed of 4-6 mL/min, reacting for 10-24 h at a temperature of 0-10 ℃ and a stirring speed of 200-400 r/min, concentrating by a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent, and separating and purifying by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the pyridine salt has a structural general formula
R1Is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl or phenyl, and the aromatic ring Ar is pyridine, quinoline, a pyridine derivative or a quinoline derivative;
the unsaturated alkene has a general structural formula
R2Is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R3Is cyano, ester group, ketone or aldehyde, and X is bromine or chlorine;
the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the unsaturated alkene is 1 (1.5-2); the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the triethylamine is 1 (2-3); the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone is 1 (1-1.5); the volume ratio of the moles of the pyridinium to the organic solvent is 1mmol (8-12) mL.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivatives, which have potential biological activity and research value and can be used for screening of lead medicaments, biological activity test research and the like; the method solves the problems that the synthesis of the existing pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative needs metal catalysis, needs harsh reaction conditions such as high temperature, no water and no oxygen, and the like, obtains a synthetic route of the pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative with mild conditions, simple method and high yield, and has the yield of more than 70 percent and the product purity of more than 95 percent.
The invention is used for a preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivatives.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a pyridopyrazole derivative prepared in example one1HNMR spectrogram;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view ofExample one preparation of pyridopyrazole derivatives13CNMR spectrogram.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the preparation method of the pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative comprises the following steps:
dissolving pyridinium, unsaturated alkene and 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone in an organic solvent at room temperature, dropwise adding triethylamine at a dropwise adding speed of 4-6 mL/min, reacting for 10-24 h at a temperature of 0-10 ℃ and a stirring speed of 200-400 r/min, concentrating by a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent, and separating and purifying by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the pyridine salt has a structural general formula
R1Is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl or phenyl, and the aromatic ring Ar is pyridine, quinoline, a pyridine derivative or a quinoline derivative;
the unsaturated alkene has a general structural formula
R2Is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R3Is cyano, ester group, ketone or aldehyde, and X is bromine or chlorine;
the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the unsaturated alkene is 1 (1.5-2); the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the triethylamine is 1 (2-3); the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone is 1 (1-1.5); the volume ratio of the moles of the pyridinium to the organic solvent is 1mmol (8-12) mL.
Pyrazolo [1,5-a ] as prepared as described in this embodiment]The pyridine derivative has a structural general formula as follows:
R1is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl or phenyl, R2Is hydrogen, an alkyl group or an aryl group,R3is cyano, ester group, ketone or aldehyde, and the aromatic ring Ar is pyridine, quinoline, pyridine derivative or quinoline derivative.
This detailed description of the invention R3Are electron withdrawing groups.
The reaction route of the specific embodiment is as follows:
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows: the specific embodiment provides a preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivatives, which have potential biological activity and research value and can be used for screening of lead drugs, biological activity test research and the like; the method solves the problems that the synthesis of the existing pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative needs metal catalysis, needs harsh reaction conditions such as high temperature, no water and no oxygen, and the like, obtains a synthetic route of the pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative with mild conditions, simple method and high yield, and has the yield of more than 70 percent and the product purity of more than 95 percent.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the organic solvent is acetonitrile, toluene, N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that: the solvent used for the silica gel column chromatography separation and purification is a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the volume ratio (50-20) of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 1. The others are the same as the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: and dropwise adding triethylamine at the dropping speed of 5-6 mL/min. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: reacting for 12 to 24 hours at the temperature of 0 to 10 ℃ and the stirring speed of 300 to 400 r/min. The rest is the same as the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the unsaturated alkene is 1: 1.5. The others are the same as the first to sixth embodiments.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the triethylamine is 1: 2. The rest is the same as the first to seventh embodiments.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone is 1 (1-1.1). The other points are the same as those in the first to eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the volume ratio of the moles of the pyridinium to the organic solvent is 1mmol (10-12) mL. The other points are the same as those in the first to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
dissolving 402.0mg (0.1mmol) of pyridinium, 198mg (0.15mmol) of 2-chloroacrylonitrile and 250mg (0.11mmol) of 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone in 1.2mL of acetonitrile at room temperature, dropwise adding 202mg (0.2mmol) of triethylamine at the dropwise adding speed of 5mL/min, reacting for 15 hours at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ and the stirring speed of 300r/min, concentrating by using a rotary evaporator to remove a solvent, and separating and purifying by using a silica gel column chromatography to obtain a corresponding pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the solvent used for the silica gel column chromatography separation and purification is a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate; the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 20: 1.
The reaction formula is as follows:
wherein, 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano benzoquinone is DDQ, triethylamine is Et3N。
The purity of the product was 97% and the yield was 80%.
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a pyridopyrazole derivative prepared in example one1HNMR spectrogram; FIG. 2 is a drawing of pyridopyrazole derivatives prepared in example one13CNMR spectrogram; the nuclear magnetic data analysis was:1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)：δH8.33(s，1H)，8.13(s，1H)，6.75(s，1H)，4.04(s，3H)。
13CNMR(101MHz，CDCl3)：δC150.8，145.4，135.0，123.0，113.7，109.1，108.2，83.0，56.8。
example two:
at room temperature, 294.0mg (0.1mmol) of pyridinium, 269mg (0.15mmol) of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate and 250mg (0.11mmol) of 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone are dissolved in 1.2mL of acetonitrile, 202mg (0.2mmol) of triethylamine is added dropwise at a dropping speed of 5mL/min, the mixture reacts for 12 hours at a temperature of 0-10 ℃ and a stirring speed of 300r/min, the solvent is removed by concentration through a rotary evaporator, and the mixture is separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the corresponding pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the solvent used for the silica gel column chromatography separation and purification is a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate; the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 20: 1.
The reaction formula is as follows:
wherein, 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano benzoquinone is DDQ, triethylamine is Et3N。
The product was 95% pure and 71% yield.
The nuclear magnetic data analysis was:1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)：δH8.42(d，J＝7.0Hz，1H)，8.30(s，1H)，8.10(d，J＝9.0Hz，1H)，7.30(t，J＝8.0Hz，1H)，6.86(t，J＝6.5Hz，1H)，4.31(q，J＝7.0Hz，2H)，1.33(t，J＝7.0Hz，3H)。
13CNMR(101MHz，CDCl3)：δC163.4，144.6，140.7，129.1，127.1，119.1，113.4，103.9，59.7，14.4。
example three:
at room temperature, 372.0mg (0.1mmol) of pyridinium, 269mg (0.15mmol) of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate and 250mg (0.11mmol) of 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone are dissolved in 1.2mL of acetonitrile, 202mg (0.2mmol) of triethylamine is added dropwise at a dropping speed of 5mL/min, the mixture reacts for 12 hours at a temperature of 0-10 ℃ and a stirring speed of 300r/min, the solvent is removed by concentration through a rotary evaporator, and the mixture is separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the corresponding pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the solvent used for the silica gel column chromatography separation and purification is a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate; the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 20: 1.
The reaction formula is as follows:
wherein, 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano benzoquinone is DDQ, triethylamine is Et3N。
The product purity was 97% and the yield was 88%.
The nuclear magnetic data analysis was:1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)：δH8.52(s，1H)，8.20(dd，J＝8.1，2.0Hz，1H)，7.34-7.26(m，2H)，4.42(q，J＝7.1Hz，2H)，1.43(t，J＝7.1Hz，3H)。
13CNMR(101MHz，CDCl3)：δC163.3，144.6，142.7，127.6，119.9，118.2，118.2，106.0，60.4，14.5。
example four:
at room temperature, 448.0mg (0.1mmol) of pyridinium, 269mg (0.15mmol) of ethyl 2-bromoacrylate and 250mg (0.11mmol) of 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone are dissolved in 1.2mL of acetonitrile, 202mg (0.2mmol) of triethylamine is added dropwise at a dropping speed of 5mL/min, the mixture reacts for 12 hours at a temperature of 0-10 ℃ and a stirring speed of 300r/min, the solvent is removed by concentration through a rotary evaporator, and the mixture is separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the corresponding pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the solvent used for the silica gel column chromatography separation and purification is a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate; the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 20: 1.
The reaction formula is as follows:
wherein, 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano benzoquinone is DDQ, triethylamine is Et3N。
The product purity was 96% and the yield was 83%.
The nuclear magnetic data analysis was:1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)：δH8.40(s，1H)，7.90-7.96(m，1H)，7.36(d，J＝1.8Hz，1H)，4.37(q，J＝7.1Hz，2H)，2.72(q，J＝7.5，2H)，1.41(t，J＝7.1Hz，3H)，1.31(t，J＝7.6Hz，3H)。
13CNMR(101MHz，CDCl3)：δC163.9，145.3，144.4，141.8，127.2，116.4，105.4，92.2，60.3，28.2，14.6，14.5。
example five:
at room temperature, 294.0mg (0.1mmol) of pyridinium, 383 mg (0.15mmol) of ethyl 2-bromocinnamate and 250mg (0.11mmol) of 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone are dissolved in 1.2mL of acetonitrile, 202mg (0.2mmol) of triethylamine is added dropwise at the dropping speed of 5mL/min, the mixture reacts for 12 hours at the temperature of 0-10 ℃ and the stirring speed of 300r/min, the solvent is removed by concentration of a rotary evaporator, and the mixture is separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain the corresponding pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the solvent used for the silica gel column chromatography separation and purification is a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate; the volume ratio of the petroleum ether to the ethyl acetate is 20: 1.
The reaction formula is as follows:
wherein, 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyano benzoquinone is DDQ, triethylamine is Et3N。
The product purity was 98% and the yield was 82%.
The nuclear magnetic data analysis was:1HNMR(400MHz，CDCl3)：δH8.55(d，J＝7.0Hz，1H)，8.24(d，J＝9.0Hz，1H)，7.80(q，J＝7.5Hz，2H)，7.46-7.40(m，4H)，6.98(t，J＝7.0Hz，1H)，4.33(q，J＝7.5Hz，2H)，1.31(t，J＝7.0Hz，3H)。
13CNMR(101MHz，CDCl3)：δC163.6，129.8，128.9，127.7，127.2，119.6，113.9，59.8，14.2。
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dissolving pyridinium, unsaturated alkene and 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone in an organic solvent at room temperature, dropwise adding triethylamine at a dropwise adding speed of 4-6 mL/min, reacting for 10-24 h at a temperature of 0-10 ℃ and a stirring speed of 200-400 r/min, concentrating by a rotary evaporator to remove the solvent, and separating and purifying by silica gel column chromatography to obtain a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative;
the pyridine salt has a structural general formula
R1Is alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl or phenyl, and the aromatic ring Ar is pyridine, quinoline, a pyridine derivative or quinolineA derivative;
the unsaturated alkene has a general structural formula
R2Is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, R3Is cyano, ester group, ketone or aldehyde, and X is bromine or chlorine;
the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the unsaturated alkene is 1 (1.5-2); the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the triethylamine is 1 (2-3); the molar ratio of the pyridinium to the 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone is 1 (1-1.5); the volume ratio of the moles of the pyridinium to the organic solvent is 1mmol (8-12) mL.
2. The process for producing a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is acetonitrile, toluene, N-dimethylformamide or dimethylsulfoxide.
3. The method for preparing pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein the solvent used for the separation and purification by silica gel column chromatography is a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate.
4. The preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of petroleum ether to ethyl acetate (50-20) is 1.
5. The process for producing a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein triethylamine is added dropwise at a rate of 5 to 6 mL/min.
6. The process for preparing pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivatives according to claim 1, wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 0 ℃ to 10 ℃ and a stirring rate of 300r/min to 400r/min for 12h to 24 h.
7. The process for preparing a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the pyridine salt to the unsaturated alkene is 1: 1.5.
8. The process for producing a pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the pyridine salt to the triethylamine is 1: 2.
9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the pyridine salt to 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone is 1 (1 to 1.1).
10. The preparation method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine derivative according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the pyridine salt to the volume of the organic solvent is 1mmol (10-12) mL.
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| CN115716828A (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2023-02-28 | 华南理工大学 | Synthesis method of pyrazolo [1,5-a ] pyridine compound |
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