CN112679321A - Green novel method for preparing 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compound - Google Patents
Green novel method for preparing 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compound Download PDFInfo
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- CN112679321A CN112679321A CN202110129716.1A CN202110129716A CN112679321A CN 112679321 A CN112679321 A CN 112679321A CN 202110129716 A CN202110129716 A CN 202110129716A CN 112679321 A CN112679321 A CN 112679321A
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- tert
- butyl
- methylene
- cyclohexadiene
- cyclohexadien
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- -1 substituted-2-naphthol compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-hydroxynaphthyl Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229950011260 betanaphthol Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- HCUWXYBKPSKTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzylidene-2,6-ditert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC1=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HCUWXYBKPSKTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KWVFKUXYRNZFCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzylidene-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)C)C(=O)C(C(C)C)=CC1=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWVFKUXYRNZFCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AIJTYOKWWVAWQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-benzylidene-2,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(=O)C(C)=CC1=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AIJTYOKWWVAWQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KAUQJMHLAFIZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YLDFTMJPQJXGSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-bromo-2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=C(Br)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 YLDFTMJPQJXGSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WKTNIBWKHNIPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbonitrile Chemical compound C1=C(C#N)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 WKTNIBWKHNIPQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WWPKRXOOVICNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methoxynaphthalen-2-ol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 WWPKRXOOVICNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VWSBGGRCEQOTNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-bromonaphthalen-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(Br)=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 VWSBGGRCEQOTNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PZSYEZUGGGAMTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C PZSYEZUGGGAMTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FRNIMQDQKOIFMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound FC=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C FRNIMQDQKOIFMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CXUIMVCDHRBLIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1C(=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound S1C(=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C CXUIMVCDHRBLIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JRNGUTKWMSBIBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,3-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C(O)=CC2=C1 JRNGUTKWMSBIBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JJQCWPWUHZFKBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=C)C=C(C(C)(C)C)C1=O JJQCWPWUHZFKBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006276 2-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004198 2-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(F)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- IDYKOCGYJGNSFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-6-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-4-(4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one Chemical compound C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C IDYKOCGYJGNSFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006275 3-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Br)=C([H])C(*)=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004180 3-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(F)=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004207 3-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004860 4-ethylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004199 4-trifluoromethylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 claims description 2
- UNFNRIIETORURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methoxynaphthalen-2-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 UNFNRIIETORURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JJLREPHQBMFHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound BrC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C JJLREPHQBMFHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UFASLVBSTHYMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C UFASLVBSTHYMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FOYOLGQCSRMMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C FOYOLGQCSRMMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RXKXAMTZWIXEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(#N)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound C(#N)C=1C=C(C=CC=1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C RXKXAMTZWIXEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDXKEUHDQCXCQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound C(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C GDXKEUHDQCXCQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MMYSVIOYLIFESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C MMYSVIOYLIFESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UMTUIVWGEMXRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound C(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C UMTUIVWGEMXRKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BZUPZCPIHHCSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound C(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C BZUPZCPIHHCSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IFCUSIZJHHXKNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound CC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C IFCUSIZJHHXKNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GGMQFKDYHFTZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C GGMQFKDYHFTZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IRQVWMIDIRCWGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound COC=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C IRQVWMIDIRCWGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YNBBWSJSNPZPSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC=1C=C(C=CC1O)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound COC=1C=C(C=CC1O)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C YNBBWSJSNPZPSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PLPHFNBDZUFZQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C)(F)F Chemical compound FC(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C)(F)F PLPHFNBDZUFZQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MCAFEPUXPUAJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound FC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C MCAFEPUXPUAJHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DPJSGLFZRXSVBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C DPJSGLFZRXSVBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QPYFYAPCDWUQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound N1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C QPYFYAPCDWUQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GLJKKHAHFKSJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C GLJKKHAHFKSJMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MACBYTMGNQXAQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1C=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound S1C=C(C=C1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C MACBYTMGNQXAQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MRUWHZNISRHISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C=CC1)C1C=C(C(C(=C1)C(C=C)(C)C)=O)C(C)(C)C MRUWHZNISRHISQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DFQICHCWIIJABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 DFQICHCWIIJABH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 3
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004786 2-naphthols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 13
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PRYNJOJHKYNLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound C1=C(C=O)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 PRYNJOJHKYNLIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003547 Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006880 cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for efficiently and selectively synthesizing 1-diaryl methyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds containing different substituted functional groups, which adopts phosphoric acid as a catalyst, 2-naphthol compounds and 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-ketone compounds as reaction substrates, and water as a solvent in a reaction system. The method has the advantages that: the catalyst is cheap and easy to obtain; the substrate applicability is high; the reaction condition is mild, safe and reliable; the selectivity of the obtained target product is close to 100 percent, and the yield is up to more than 90 percent. The method overcomes the defects of poor reaction selectivity, complicated reaction steps, low yield, the need of using reagents harmful to the environment and the like in the traditional synthesis of the 1-diaryl methyl substituted-2-naphthol compound, and has good industrial application prospect. The invention also provides corresponding 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds containing different substituted functional groups.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of application catalytic synthesis of 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds, in particular to a novel method for preparing 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds by efficiently reacting 2-naphthol compounds with 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-ketone compounds.
Background
1-diaryl methyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds and derivatives thereof are important organic compounds and have wide application in the aspects of medical intermediates, pesticide synthesis, polymerization materials, asymmetric catalysis and the like.
The method for synthesizing the 1-alkyl/aryl substituted-2-naphthol compound reported in the literature mainly comprises the following steps: (1) friedel-crafts alkylation reaction: with strong Lewis acids (TiCl) in general4、AlCl3、FeCl3、ZnBr2) Or strong Bronsted acids (HF or CF)3SO3H, etc.) to catalyze the alkylation reaction of alkyl halide and 2-naphthol, but strong acid has serious environmental pollution, most of the strong acid belongs to dangerous chemicals, has strong corrosivity to equipment, and has great potential safety hazard when used in the industrial production process. (2) The transition metal (Rh, Ir, Re, etc.) is subjected to oxidation addition reaction with double bonds of olefin, and further subjected to (oxidation) cross coupling reaction or addition reaction with 1-site C-H bonds of 2-naphthol to prepare the corresponding 1-alkyl/aryl substituted-2-naphthol compound; however, in the reaction process, special ligands (carbene or organic phosphine and the like) are required to be adopted, and the preparation process of the catalyst is complicated, the catalyst is expensive and difficult to recycle, the reaction conditions are harsh, the selectivity and the product are low, the functional group compatibility is poor, and the like.
So far, no efficient synthesis method of the 1-diaryl methyl substituted-2-naphthol compound is reported, the reported synthesis method of the 1-alkyl/aryl substituted-2-naphthol compound has the problems of raw material quality, production safety (Lewis acid has strong corrosivity), product stability and purity and the like, the synthesis technology is difficult, only a plurality of companies in the countries of America, Japan and the like are used for production at present, and partial products of the 2-naphthol compound in China mainly depend on import at present.
Aiming at the defects of the existing synthesis process of 2-naphthol compounds and derivatives thereof, the industry is focusing on developing a novel method for preparing corresponding 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds by using stable, cheap and easily available 2-naphthol compounds as synthesis building blocks through high-efficiency catalysis by using cheap catalysts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for efficiently and selectively synthesizing a corresponding 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compound by using a cheap and easily-obtained 2-naphthol compound and a 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound as raw materials so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The invention comprises the following steps: taking a reaction amount of 2-naphthol compound, 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, a catalyst and a solvent, placing the mixture in a reaction vessel under the condition of nitrogen, mixing the mixture under stirring at 25-120 DEG CoAnd reacting for 8-14 hours at the temperature of C to obtain the corresponding 1-diaryl methyl substituted-2-naphthol compound containing different substituted functional groups. The specific reaction formula is as follows:
wherein,
the catalyst is selected from phosphoric acid (H)3PO4) The solvent is selected from water;
ar is selected from phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-benzyloxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl group, 3-fluorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 2-bromophenyl group, 3-bromophenyl group, 4-bromophenyl group, 3-nitrophenyl group, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl group, 4-aldehyde phenyl group, 2-pyridyl group, 6-benzo-2, 3-dihydrofuryl group, 2-thienyl group, 3-thienyl group;
R1is methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl;
R2is 6-cyano, 6-bromo, 7-bromo, 6-methoxy, 3-hydroxy, 7-hydroxy, 6-carbomethoxy, 7-methoxy, 6-carboxy, 6-aldehyde group.
In the above method for synthesizing a 1-diarylmethyl-substituted-2-naphthol compound from a 2-naphthol compound and a 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound, the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one is selected from 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-t-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (2-methylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-t-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (4-methylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-t-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-ethylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-tert-butylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-isopropoxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-benzyloxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-methoxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-cyanophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-trifluoromethylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2-fluorophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-fluorophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-fluorophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2-bromophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-bromophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 2-methyl-ethyl-methyl-1-one, 4- (4-bromophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-nitrophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-formylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2-pyridyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, and mixtures thereof, 4- (6-benzo-2, 3-dihydrofuranyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2-thienyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-thienyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-dimethyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-diisopropyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one.
In the above method for synthesizing 1-diarylmethyl-substituted-2-naphthol from 2-naphthol and 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound, the 2-naphthol is selected from 6-cyano-2-naphthol, 6-bromo-2-naphthol, 7-bromo-2-naphthol, 6-methoxy-2-naphthol, 2, 3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2, 7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthylmethyl ester, 7-methoxy-2-naphthol, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.
In the method for synthesizing the 1-diarylmethyl-substituted-2-naphthol compound from the 2-naphthol compound and the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound, the molar ratio of the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound to the 2-naphthol compound is [1:1 ]; the mol ratio of the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-ketone compound to the phosphoric acid is 1: [0.01-0.2].
The method for efficiently and selectively synthesizing the 1-diaryl methyl substituted-2-naphthol compound from the 2-naphthol compound and the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound has mild and easily controlled reaction process. The method is simple and easy to implement, green and environment-friendly while obtaining high yield and 100% selectivity, and the used catalyst is cheap and easy to obtain, is simple to prepare and has good industrial application prospect.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples of the invention:
first, testing and analyzing
Structural analysis, target product selectivity and yield of the reaction products in the following examples of the present invention gas chromatographs (6890N) equipped with HP-5MS capillary chromatography columns (30 m.times.0.45 mm.times.0.8 μm) manufactured by Agilent, gas-mass spectrometers GC/MS (6890N/5973N) and Bruker Avance-III 500 NMR analyzers manufactured by Bruker were used.
Second, example
Example 1
28.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 2-naphthol, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, phosphoric acid (0.002 mmol, 0.01 mmol, 0.02 mmol, 0.04mmol) and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk tube at 100 deg.FoC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. The yield of the reaction was most optimal when the amount of phosphoric acid used was 0.01 mmol as determined by gas chromatography yield assay, which was 97%.
Example 2
28.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 2-naphthol, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were charged under nitrogen into a Schlenk tube, and the mixture was placed in 25 mL of Schlenk tubeoC, 40 oC, 60 oC, 80 oC, 100 oC and 120oC the reaction was stirred for 14 hours. By gas chromatography yield detection and analysis, when the reaction temperature is 100 DEGoAt C, the results are optimal, with a yield of 97% for this reaction.
Example 3
44.6mg (0.2mmol) of 6-bromo-2-naphthol, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water are introduced under nitrogen into a Schlenk tube at 100%oC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 92%.
Example 4
33.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 6-cyano-2-naphthol, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) ofmmol) 4-Phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, (0.01 mmol) phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk tube at 100%oC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 70%.
Example 5
44.6mg (0.2mmol) of 7-bromo-2-naphthol, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water are introduced under nitrogen into a Schlenk tube at 100%oC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 80%.
Example 6
34.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 6-methoxy-2-naphthol, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water are introduced under nitrogen into a Schlenk tube at 100%oC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. . After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 90%.
Example 7
32.0mg (0.2mmol) of 2, 3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk tube at 100 deg.FoC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. . After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 73%.
Example 8
40.44 mg (0.2mmol) of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthylmethyl ester, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk tube at 100 deg.FoC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 95%.
Example 9
34.4 mg (0.2mmol) of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthaldehyde and 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexanedi-methylene are introducedEn-1-one, (0.01 mmol) phosphoric acid and 1.0mL water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk tube at 100 deg.CoC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 70%.
Example 10
37.6 mg (0.2mmol) of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 58.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water are introduced under nitrogen into a Schlenk tube at 100 deg.FoC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 91%.
Example 11
28.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 2-naphthol, 72.44 mg (0.2mmol) of 4- (4-methylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk's tube at 100 deg.FoC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 99%.
Example 12
28.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 2-naphthol, 72.4 mg (0.2mmol) of 4- (3-fluorophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk's tube at 100. mu.LoC stirring the reaction for 8 hours. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 87%.
Example 13
28.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 2-naphthol, 42.0 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-dimethyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water are introduced under nitrogen into a Schlenk tube at 100%oThe reaction was stirred for 8 hours at C. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 90%.
Example 14
28.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 2-naphthol, 53.2 mg (0.2mmol) of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-diisopropyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogenIn Schlenk tube, at 100oThe reaction was stirred for 8 hours at C. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 96%.
Example 15
28.8 mg (0.2mmol) of 2-naphthol, 60.0 mg (0.2mmol) of 4- (2-thienyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, (0.01 mmol) of phosphoric acid and 1.0mL of water were added under nitrogen to a Schlenk tube at 100 deg.FoThe reaction was stirred for 8 hours at C. After the reaction is finished, the target product is separated and purified by column chromatography, and the yield of the target product is 92%.
It can be seen from the above examples that the method for preparing the corresponding 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compound containing different substituted functional groups by efficiently reacting the 2-naphthol compound with the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound adopted by the invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, environmental protection, cheap and easily available catalyst, simple preparation and the like. In addition, the method also has the advantages of wide substrate applicability, high yield and the like, and provides a method for efficiently synthesizing the 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds containing different substituted functional groups.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A compound with structural formula prepared by reacting 2-naphthol compound with 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-ketone compound(I)The preparation method of the middle 1-diarylmethyl substituted-2-naphthol compound comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking a reaction amount of 2-naphthol compound, 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, a catalyst and a solvent, placing the mixture in a reaction vessel under the condition of nitrogen, mixing the mixture under stirring at 25-120 DEG CoC, reacting for 8-14 hours to obtain corresponding 1-diaryl methyl substituted-2-naphthol compounds containing different substituted functional groups;
wherein,
the catalyst is selected from phosphoric acid (H)3PO4) The solvent is selected from water;
ar is selected from phenyl, 2-methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 4-benzyloxyphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, 2-fluorophenyl group, 3-fluorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 2-bromophenyl group, 3-bromophenyl group, 4-bromophenyl group, 3-nitrophenyl group, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl group, 4-aldehyde phenyl group, 2-pyridyl group, 6-benzo-2, 3-dihydrofuryl group, 2-thienyl group, 3-thienyl group;
R1is methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl;
R2is 6-cyano, 6-bromo, 7-bromo, 6-methoxy, 3-hydroxy, 7-hydroxy, 6-carbomethoxy, 7-methoxy, 6-carboxy, 6-aldehyde group.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one is selected from the group consisting of 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (2-methylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (4-methylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (2-hydroxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, and mixtures thereof, 4- (4-ethylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-tert-butylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-isopropoxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-benzyloxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-methoxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, and mixtures thereof, 4- (2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-cyanophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-trifluoromethylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2-fluorophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, a salt thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 4- (3-fluorophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-fluorophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (2-bromophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-bromophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (4-bromophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 4- (3-nitrophenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (4-formylphenyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (2-pyridyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (6-benzo-2, 3-dihydrofuranyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, mixtures thereof, 4- (2-thienyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4- (3-thienyl) methylene-2, 6-di-tert-butyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-dimethyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, 4-phenylmethylene-2, 6-diisopropyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the 2-naphthol compound is selected from the group consisting of 6-cyano-2-naphthol, 6-bromo-2-naphthol, 7-bromo-2-naphthol, 6-methoxy-2-naphthol, 2, 3-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2, 7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthylmethyl ester, 7-methoxy-2-naphthol, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic aldehyde.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-one compound to the 2-naphthol compound is [1:1 ]; the mol ratio of the 4-arylmethylene-2, 6-dialkyl-2, 5-cyclohexadiene-1-ketone compound to the phosphoric acid is 1: [0.01-0.2].
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