CN112679227B - Method for cleaning microorganisms on surface of mural - Google Patents
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- CN112679227B CN112679227B CN202011552970.4A CN202011552970A CN112679227B CN 112679227 B CN112679227 B CN 112679227B CN 202011552970 A CN202011552970 A CN 202011552970A CN 112679227 B CN112679227 B CN 112679227B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural, which comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing the surface of the mural, and determining the part of the mural surface damaged by microorganisms; s2, cleaning the part determined in the S1 by using 0.02-0.2% by mass of aqueous hydrogen peroxide; s3, after the mural is dried, cleaning the part cleaned in the S2 again by using a cleaning material; the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.02-1% of dimethyl fumarate, 1-3% of benzalkonium bromide, 2-5% of mercuric chloride, 5-10% of ethyl acetate, 5-10% of nano bactericide and the balance of water; and S4, removing the residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural by using distilled water. According to the invention, the microorganisms on the surface of the mural are treated and inhibited by the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and the cleaning material, so that the damage of the microorganisms on the surface of the mural is effectively reduced, and the cleaning method is simple and has a good use prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mural cleaning, and particularly relates to a method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural.
Background
Murals are one of the earliest forms of painting art for humans, and the development of murals can be traced back to the age of stoneware. Ancient murals often record a large amount of information, have important values for understanding ancient history, politics, economy, culture, art, religion, building, scientific history and the like, and are important cultural heritages of human beings in China and even the world.
At present, murals are influenced by natural environment and human environment, and are influenced by inherent factors such as mural manufacturing materials and manufacturing processes, so that various diseases are generated, such as mural armor raising, large-area detachment of murals, mural hollowing, fumigation of murals, color change, microbial damage, mural shortness and the like, wherein the microbial damage has great influence on the murals and is difficult to treat, and therefore, the method for cleaning the surface microorganisms of the murals is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for cleaning microorganisms on a mural surface, which effectively reduces the damage of microorganisms on the mural surface by treating and inhibiting the microorganisms on the mural surface with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and a cleaning material.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a cleaning method of mural surface microorganisms comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the surface of the mural, and determining the part of the mural surface damaged by microorganisms;
s2, cleaning the part determined by the S1 by using 0.02-0.2% of hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution;
s3, after the mural is dried, cleaning the part cleaned in the S2 again by using a cleaning material;
the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.02-1% of dimethyl fumarate, 1-3% of benzalkonium bromide, 2-5% of mercuric chloride, 5-10% of ethyl acetate, 5-10% of nano bactericide and the balance of water;
and S4, removing the residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural by using distilled water.
Preferably, the cleaning material in S2 includes the following raw materials by mass: 0.2-0.5% of dimethyl fumarate, 1.5-3% of benzalkonium bromide, 3-4% of mercury chloride, 7-9% of ethyl acetate, 8-10% of a nano bactericide and the balance of water.
Preferably, the nano bactericide is at least one of nano silver, nano titanium dioxide and nano zinc oxide.
Preferably, the particle size of the nano bactericide is 50-100 nm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the cleaning material in S2 is as follows: uniformly mixing dimethyl fumarate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride, ethyl acetate and water, then adding the nano bactericide, and uniformly dispersing to obtain the cleaning material.
Preferably, in S1, the mural surface is pretreated, specifically:
and removing dust on the surface and fine cracks of the mural, and reinforcing the surface armor raising part of the mural.
Preferably, the nail-raised position on the surface of the mural is reinforced, specifically:
mixing nano calcium hydroxide powder with ethanol to obtain a mixed solution with the mass concentration of 3-5 mg/mL, and injecting the mixed solution to the back of the armored mural along the armored crack so as to enable the mixed solution to be bonded with the ground layer.
Preferably, the nano calcium hydroxide powder is obtained by the following method:
adding 6-8% by mass of dimethylformamide into a calcium chloride solution at room temperature, and uniformly mixing to obtain an intermediate solution; mixing the intermediate solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5-8% to obtain nano calcium hydroxide, washing the nano calcium hydroxide for multiple times by adopting saturated lime water, and drying at 50-55 ℃ for 7-9 h to obtain nano calcium hydroxide powder;
wherein the molar ratio of calcium chloride to sodium hydroxide in the intermediate solution to the sodium hydroxide solution is (0.8-1.2): 2.
Preferably, the cleaning mode in S2 is spraying or dipping.
Preferably, the cleaning mode in S3 is spraying or dipping.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the microorganisms on the surface of the mural are cleaned for the first time by the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, and then the microorganisms on the surface of the mural are cleaned again by the cleaning material after the mural is dried, wherein the nano bactericide has a sterilization effect and can kill most of bacteria, fungi, mildew, spores and other microorganisms, the sterilization performance is good, and the dimethyl fumarate, the benzalkonium bromide and the mercury chloride have a bacteriostasis effect on the mildew and can inhibit the growth of the mildew, so that the cleaning material has the bacteriostasis and sterilization effect and the problem of microbial damage on the surface of the mural is effectively alleviated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; that is, the specific embodiments herein are a subset of the embodiments in the present application and not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control.
The invention provides a method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the surface of the mural, and determining the part of the mural surface damaged by microorganisms;
s2, cleaning the part determined in the S1 by using 0.02-0.2% by mass of aqueous hydrogen peroxide;
the hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution has strong oxidizing property, can kill various bacteria and fungi, and has a function of removing bacterial spores;
s3, after the mural is dried, cleaning the part cleaned in the S2 again by using a cleaning material;
the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.02-1% of dimethyl fumarate, 1-3% of benzalkonium bromide, 2-5% of mercuric chloride, 5-10% of ethyl acetate, 5-10% of nano bactericide and the balance of water;
the bacteriostatic active body of the dimethyl fumarate is in a molecular state of the dimethyl fumarate, can smoothly penetrate through cell membranes of microorganisms, enters cells to play a bacteriostatic action, has a special inhibitory effect on various moulds, and has antifungal capability; benzalkonium bromide is a cationic surfactant and has broad-spectrum and high-efficiency sterilization and algae removal capability; mercuric chloride has a disinfecting effect; the nano bactericide has the functions of sterilizing, resisting virus and degrading bacteria and organic matters under visible light and ultraviolet light, has strong antibacterial and bactericidal effects under the condition of no light source, and has strong inhibiting and killing effects on various bacteria and the like.
And S4, removing the residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural by using distilled water.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating the surface of the mural, namely removing dust on the surface of the mural and at small cracks, blowing the dust on the surface of the pigment layer by using an ear washing ball, and then removing the dust on the surface of the mural by using a soft hairbrush, wherein no dust is left on the surface of the mural or in the small cracks;
determining a starting position on the surface of the mural, and reinforcing the starting position of the mural: adding dimethylformamide with the mass fraction of 7% into a calcium chloride solution at room temperature, and uniformly mixing to obtain an intermediate solution; mixing the intermediate solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 6% according to the molar ratio of calcium chloride to sodium hydroxide of 1:2 to obtain nano calcium hydroxide, washing the nano calcium hydroxide by using saturated lime water for 3-5 times, and finally drying at 55 ℃ for 9 hours to obtain nano calcium hydroxide powder; mixing nano calcium hydroxide powder with ethanol to obtain a mixed solution with the mass concentration of the nano calcium hydroxide powder being 5mg/mL, injecting the mixed solution to the back of the armored mural along the armored crack so as to be bonded with the ground layer, performing one-time integral permeation, performing secondary injection, generally performing two to four times of injection, and finally attaching the armored mural to the ground layer by using a wood tool, a cotton stick and the like to finish the reinforcement treatment on the armored position on the surface of the mural;
determining a location of microbial damage to the mural surface;
s2, cleaning the part determined in the S1 by using 0.08% by mass of aqueous hydrogen peroxide;
that is, a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like is dipped in an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, and then dipped and brushed on the microbial damage site determined in S1, and then gently wiped with a dry medical cotton swab, followed by dipping and brushing with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, and thus microbial traces such as mold spots are removed repeatedly;
s3, after the mural is dried, cleaning the part cleaned in the S2 again by using a cleaning material;
that is, after the mural is dried, dipping the cleaning material with a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like, then dipping and brushing the cleaning material on the cleaned part of S2, lightly wiping the part with the dry medical cotton swab, then dipping and brushing a layer of the cleaning material, and repeatedly washing and removing the microbial traces such as mildew;
the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.2% of dimethyl fumarate, 1.5% of benzalkonium bromide, 3% of mercuric chloride, 7% of ethyl acetate, 8% of nano bactericide and the balance of water;
wherein the nano bactericide is nano silver, and the particle size of the nano silver is 50 nm.
The preparation method of the cleaning material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing dimethyl fumarate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride, ethyl acetate and water, then adding a nano bactericide, and uniformly dispersing to obtain a cleaning material;
and S4, dipping distilled water by using a medical cotton swab to remove residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural, which comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating the surface of the mural, namely removing dust on the surface of the mural and at small cracks, blowing the dust on the surface of the pigment layer by using an ear washing ball, and then removing the dust on the surface of the mural by using a soft hairbrush, wherein no dust is left on the surface of the mural or in the small cracks;
determining a starting position on the surface of the mural, and reinforcing the starting position of the mural: adding 6% by mass of dimethylformamide into a calcium chloride solution at room temperature, and uniformly mixing to obtain an intermediate solution; mixing the intermediate solution with a 7% sodium hydroxide solution according to a molar ratio of calcium chloride to sodium hydroxide of 1.1:2 to obtain nano calcium hydroxide, washing the nano calcium hydroxide by using saturated lime water for 3-5 times, and finally drying at 50 ℃ for 9 hours to obtain nano calcium hydroxide powder; mixing nano calcium hydroxide powder with ethanol to obtain a mixed solution with the mass concentration of the nano calcium hydroxide powder being 5mg/mL, injecting the mixed solution to the back of the nail-removing mural along a nail-removing crack so as to enable the nail-removing mural to be bonded with the base layer, performing one-time integral permeation, performing secondary injection, generally two to four times of injection, and finally attaching the nail-removing mural to the base layer by using a wood tool, a cotton stick and the like to finish the reinforcement treatment on the nail-removing part on the surface of the mural;
determining a location of microbial damage to the mural surface;
s2, cleaning the part determined by the S1 by using 0.15% of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution;
that is, a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like is dipped in an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, and then dipped and brushed on the microbial damage site determined in S1, and then gently wiped with a dry medical cotton swab, followed by dipping and brushing with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, and thus microbial traces such as mold spots are removed repeatedly;
s3, after the mural is dried, the part cleaned in the S2 is cleaned again by using a cleaning material;
that is, after the mural is dried, dipping the cleaning material with a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like, then dipping and brushing the cleaning material on the cleaned part of S2, lightly wiping the part with the dry medical cotton swab, then dipping and brushing a layer of the cleaning material, and repeatedly washing and removing the microbial traces such as mildew;
the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.5% of dimethyl fumarate, 3% of benzalkonium bromide, 4% of mercury chloride, 9% of ethyl acetate, 10% of a nano bactericide and the balance of water;
wherein the nano bactericide is nano titanium dioxide, and the particle size of the nano titanium dioxide is 50 nm.
The preparation method of the cleaning material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing dimethyl fumarate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride, ethyl acetate and water, then adding the nano bactericide, and uniformly dispersing to obtain a cleaning material;
and S4, dipping distilled water by using a medical cotton swab to remove residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the surface of the mural, namely removing dust on the surface of the mural and at small cracks, blowing the dust on the surface of the pigment layer by using an ear washing ball, and then removing the dust on the surface of the mural by using a soft brush, wherein no dust is left on the surface of the mural and in the small cracks;
determining a starting position on the surface of the mural, and reinforcing the starting position of the mural: adding dimethylformamide with the mass fraction of 8% into a calcium chloride solution at room temperature, and uniformly mixing to obtain an intermediate solution; mixing the intermediate solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5% according to the molar ratio of calcium chloride to sodium hydroxide of 0.8:2 to obtain nano calcium hydroxide, washing the nano calcium hydroxide by using saturated lime water for 3 times, and finally drying at 50 ℃ for 9 hours to obtain nano calcium hydroxide powder; mixing nano calcium hydroxide powder with ethanol to obtain a mixed solution with the mass concentration of the nano calcium hydroxide powder being 3mg/mL, injecting the mixed solution to the back of the nail-removing mural along a nail-removing crack so as to enable the nail-removing mural to be bonded with the base layer, performing one-time integral permeation, performing secondary injection, generally two to four times of injection, and finally attaching the nail-removing mural to the base layer by using a wood tool, a cotton stick and the like to finish the reinforcement treatment on the nail-removing part on the surface of the mural;
determining a location of microbial damage to the mural surface;
s2, cleaning the part determined in the S1 by using 0.02 mass percent of aqueous hydrogen peroxide;
that is, a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like is dipped in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, then dipped and brushed on the microbial damage part determined in S1, and then the microbial damage part is lightly wiped off by using a dry medical cotton swab, and then a layer of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is dipped and brushed, so that microbial traces such as mildew stains are removed repeatedly for many times;
s3, after the mural is dried, cleaning the part cleaned in the S2 again by using a cleaning material;
that is, after the mural is dried, dipping the cleaning material with a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like, then dipping and brushing the cleaning material on the cleaned part of S2, lightly wiping the part with the dry medical cotton swab, then dipping and brushing a layer of the cleaning material, and repeatedly washing and removing the microbial traces such as mildew;
the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.02% of dimethyl fumarate, 1% of benzalkonium bromide, 2% of mercury chloride, 5% of ethyl acetate, 5% of a nano bactericide and the balance of water;
wherein the nano bactericide is nano zinc oxide, and the particle size of the nano zinc oxide is 55 nm.
The preparation method of the cleaning material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing dimethyl fumarate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride, ethyl acetate and water, then adding the nano bactericide, and uniformly dispersing to obtain a cleaning material;
and S4, dipping distilled water by using a medical cotton swab to remove residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the surface of the mural, namely removing dust on the surface of the mural and at small cracks, blowing the dust on the surface of the pigment layer by using an ear washing ball, and then removing the dust on the surface of the mural by using a soft brush, wherein no dust is left on the surface of the mural and in the small cracks;
determining a starting position on the surface of the mural, and reinforcing the starting position of the mural: adding dimethylformamide with the mass fraction of 8% into a calcium chloride solution at room temperature, and uniformly mixing to obtain an intermediate solution; mixing the intermediate solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 8% according to the molar ratio of calcium chloride to sodium hydroxide of 1.2:2 to obtain nano calcium hydroxide, washing the nano calcium hydroxide by adopting saturated lime water for 5 times, and finally drying at 55 ℃ for 7 hours to obtain nano calcium hydroxide powder; mixing nano calcium hydroxide powder with ethanol to obtain a mixed solution with the mass concentration of the nano calcium hydroxide powder being 5mg/mL, injecting the mixed solution to the back of the nail-removing mural along a nail-removing crack so as to enable the nail-removing mural to be bonded with the base layer, performing one-time integral permeation, performing secondary injection, generally two to four times of injection, and finally attaching the nail-removing mural to the base layer by using a wood tool, a cotton stick and the like to finish the reinforcement treatment on the nail-removing part on the surface of the mural;
determining a location of microbial damage to the mural surface;
s2, cleaning the part determined in the S1 by using 0.2% of aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution by mass fraction;
that is, a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like is dipped in the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, then dipped and brushed on the microbial damage part determined in S1, and then the microbial damage part is lightly wiped off by using a dry medical cotton swab, and then a layer of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is dipped and brushed, so that microbial traces such as mildew stains are removed repeatedly for many times;
s3, after the mural is dried, the part cleaned in the S2 is cleaned again by using a cleaning material;
that is, after the mural is dried, dipping the cleaning material with a medical cotton swab or a soft brush pen or the like, then dipping and brushing the cleaning material on the cleaned part of S2, lightly wiping the part with the dry medical cotton swab, then dipping and brushing a layer of the cleaning material, and repeatedly washing and removing the microbial traces such as mildew;
the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1% of dimethyl fumarate, 3% of benzalkonium bromide, 5% of mercury chloride, 10% of ethyl acetate, 10% of a nano bactericide and the balance of water;
the nano bactericide is at least one of nano silver, nano titanium dioxide and nano zinc oxide, the particle size of the nano silver and the nano titanium dioxide is 50nm, and the particle size of the nano zinc oxide is 55 nm.
The preparation method of the cleaning material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing dimethyl fumarate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride, ethyl acetate and water, then adding the nano bactericide, and uniformly dispersing to obtain a cleaning material;
and S4, dipping distilled water by using a medical cotton swab to remove residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same cleaning method as in example 1, except that the cleaning was performed directly with the cleaning material without using the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.
Comparative example 2
Substantially the same cleaning method as in example 1, except that the cleaning material in S3 does not include a nano bactericide, that is, the cleaning material is: 0.2% of dimethyl fumarate, 1.5% of benzalkonium bromide, 3% of mercuric chloride, 7% of ethyl acetate and the balance of water.
Comparative example 3
The same cleaning method as that of example 1 is used, except that the cleaning materials in S3 do not include dimethyl fumarate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride and ethyl acetate, that is, the cleaning materials are: 8% of nano bactericide, 7% of ethyl acetate and the balance of water.
The cleaning methods of the embodiment 1-the embodiment 4 of the invention have better effect of removing microorganisms on the surface of the mural, and by taking the embodiment 1 as an example, the cleaning method of the embodiment 1 and the cleaning methods of the comparative examples 1-3 are adopted to carry out cleaning tests on the mural simulation plates damaged by the microorganisms, and the inhibition effect of the cleaning materials on the microorganisms is examined.
1. Test materials
1.1 raw materials: bone glue, lime black pigment, cinnabar pigment, red lead pigment, earth red pigment, calcite pigment and carbon black pigment
The strain is as follows: alternaria alternata (Alternaria)
1.2 mural simulation plate damaged by microorganisms: pulverizing and sieving materials equivalent to the base layer of the mural, and mixing with distilled water and mud; pressing the mixed mud into a prefabricated mold to obtain a simulated ground layer test block, and airing the simulated ground layer test block in a shade place;
mixing bone glue and distilled water according to the mass ratio of 1:100, blending with a azurite pigment, a cinnabar pigment, a red lead pigment, a scarlet pigment, a calcite pigment and a carbon black pigment respectively, drawing a picture on a dry simulation ground stick test block, and airing the picture in a shade place to obtain a mural simulation board;
coating the spore suspension of Alternaria on the surface of a mural simulation plate, then culturing in a culture dish at constant temperature of 25 ℃, and keeping high humidity; and culturing for 1 month, wherein the surface of the mural simulation plate is overgrown with mould fungi to obtain the mural simulation plate damaged by microorganisms.
2. Test procedure and results
2.1 cleaning of mural simulation boards damaged by microorganisms
Cleaning the mural simulation plates damaged by the microorganisms using the methods of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, respectively;
table 1 test results of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Group of | Conditions of mold removal | Influence on picture on mural surface |
| Example 1 | Basic removal | Slight discoloration |
| Comparative example 1 | Partial removal | Slight discoloration |
| Comparative example 2 | Partial removal | Slight discoloration |
| Comparative example 3 | Slight removal of | Slight discoloration |
Table 1 shows the test results of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and it can be seen from table 1 that the cleaning method of example 1 of the present invention has a good effect of removing mold and has little influence on the picture on the surface of the mural.
2.2 inhibition of Alternaria by cleaning materials
Marking four mural simulation plates, then coating spore suspension of Alternaria on the surface of the mural simulation plate, after the surfaces are dried, brushing the cleaning materials of the embodiment 1, the comparative example 2 and the comparative example 3 on the surface of the mural simulation plate, then culturing in a culture dish at constant temperature of 25 ℃, and keeping high humidity; after 1 month of culture, the mural simulation plate surface Alternaria growth condition is detected.
Table 2 results of inhibition of Alternaria by the cleaning materials of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3
| Group of | Example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Bacteriostatic Effect/%) | 83.5 | 68.1 | 72.6 |
Table 2 shows the results of inhibiting Alternaria by the cleaning materials of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, which are mainly represented by the ratio of the bacteriostatic area, which is the area where mold does not grow after the cleaning materials are brushed, to the area of the mural simulation block. As can be seen from Table 2, the cleaning material of example 1 has a better bacteriostatic effect, and the cleaning materials of comparative examples 2 and 3 have relatively poorer bacteriostatic effects.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of a mural is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, removing dust on the surface and fine cracks of the mural, mixing nano calcium hydroxide powder with ethanol to obtain a mixed solution with the mass concentration of 3-5 mg/mL, injecting the mixed solution to the back of the armored mural along the armored crack to enable the mixed solution to be bonded with the base layer, and determining the part of the surface of the mural damaged by microorganisms;
the nano calcium hydroxide powder is obtained by the following method:
adding 6-8% by mass of dimethylformamide into a calcium chloride solution at room temperature, and uniformly mixing to obtain an intermediate solution; mixing the intermediate solution with a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 5-8% to obtain nano calcium hydroxide, washing the nano calcium hydroxide with saturated lime water for multiple times, and drying at 50-55 ℃ for 7-9 h to obtain nano calcium hydroxide powder; wherein the molar ratio of calcium chloride to sodium hydroxide in the intermediate solution to the sodium hydroxide solution is (0.8-1.2): 2;
s2, cleaning the part determined in the S1 by using 0.02-0.2% by mass of aqueous hydrogen peroxide;
s3, after the mural is dried, cleaning the part cleaned in the S2 again by using a cleaning material;
the cleaning material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 0.2-0.5% of dimethyl fumarate, 1.5-3% of benzalkonium bromide, 3-4% of mercury chloride, 7-9% of ethyl acetate, 8-10% of a nano bactericide and the balance of water; the particle size of the nano bactericide is 50-100 nm;
and S4, removing the residual cleaning materials on the surface of the mural by using distilled water.
2. The method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of the mural according to claim 1, wherein the nano bactericide is at least one of nano silver, nano titanium dioxide and nano zinc oxide.
3. The method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of the mural according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the cleaning material in the step S3 is as follows: uniformly mixing dimethyl fumarate, benzalkonium bromide, mercuric chloride, ethyl acetate and water, then adding the nano bactericide, and uniformly dispersing to obtain the cleaning material.
4. The method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of the mural according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning manner in the step S2 is spraying or dipping.
5. The method for cleaning microorganisms on the surface of the mural according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning manner in the step S3 is spraying or dipping.
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