CN112678879A - Preparation method of single crystal ternary cathode material - Google Patents

Preparation method of single crystal ternary cathode material Download PDF

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CN112678879A
CN112678879A CN202011539829.0A CN202011539829A CN112678879A CN 112678879 A CN112678879 A CN 112678879A CN 202011539829 A CN202011539829 A CN 202011539829A CN 112678879 A CN112678879 A CN 112678879A
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cathode material
single crystal
ternary cathode
sintering
oxygen
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乔水伶
李崇
吕明
王慧萍
方向乾
曹壮
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Shaanxi Rainbow New Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a single crystal ternary cathode material, which is characterized in that the chemical expression of the single crystal material is as follows: li1+ xNiCobMncO 2 (where 0< a <1, 0< b <1, 0< c <1, a + b + c ═ 1, 0 ≦ x ≦ 1) comprising the steps of: s1) mixing and dispersing lithium oxide powder, nickel, cobalt and manganese metal elementary powder and fluxing agent according to the proportion; s2) carrying out primary sintering on the uniformly dispersed material under an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a first temperature curve; s3) carrying out secondary sintering on the product after the primary sintering under an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a second temperature curve; s4) finally, naturally cooling the material after the second sintering to room temperature, crushing and sieving to obtain the target product. The single crystal ternary material prepared by the method can obtain high capacity and long cycle characteristics under high voltage, simultaneously remarkably improves the rate capability of the battery, greatly reduces the production cost and has wide industrial application value.

Description

Preparation method of single crystal ternary cathode material
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a preparation method of a lithium single crystal ternary cathode material.
Background art:
the ternary anode material of the lithium ion battery is widely applied due to the advantages of large capacity, high rate capability, good safety performance, low price and the like. However, the traditional nickel cobalt lithium manganate ternary positive electrode material is generally spherical or quasi-spherical secondary particles formed by gathering nano-scale primary small particles, and the secondary spherical particles are easy to break due to low mechanical strength of the particles, so that in the cyclic charge and discharge process of high temperature and high pressure, the secondary spherical particle ternary positive electrode material has increased surface side reactions and aggravated dissolution of metal ions, thereby causing the problems of capacity reduction, poor cycle performance, gas expansion and the like. Therefore, the single crystal material is generated at the same time, the stability of the anode material is enhanced, and the voltage of the whole system can be increased to a new height. The preparation method of the related single crystal ternary material at present generally comprises the following steps: firstly, a ternary precursor is prepared from a nickel-cobalt-manganese metal compound by adopting a coprecipitation method, and then a lithium source is added for roasting to obtain a ternary cathode material.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a single crystal ternary cathode material, which directly utilizes lithium oxide powder, nickel, cobalt and manganese metal elementary powder and a fluxing agent as raw materials, ensures the uniformity of mixing of all elements, reduces the cost of the raw materials, reduces the firing temperature and the energy consumption, has the advantages of low processing and manufacturing cost and low residual lithium on the surface of a product, and can prepare the single crystal ternary cathode material with higher initial capacity, high rate capability and good cycle retention rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
s1) mixing and dispersing lithium oxide powder, nickel, cobalt and manganese metal elementary powder and fluxing agent according to the proportion;
s2) carrying out primary sintering on the uniformly dispersed material under an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a first temperature curve;
s3) carrying out secondary sintering on the product after the primary sintering under an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a second temperature curve;
s4) finally, naturally cooling the material after the second sintering to room temperature, crushing and sieving to obtain the target product.
In one or more embodiments, in step S1), the lithium source is lithium oxide, the nickel, cobalt, and manganese sources are elemental nickel, cobalt, and manganese metals, and the fluxing agent is strontium oxide.
In one or more embodiments, Li in step S1): ni: co: the molar ratio of Mn is (1.02-1.12): (0-0.95): (0-0.25): (0-0.35), wherein the mass of the fluxing agent is 0.2-2 wt% of the total mass of the lithium oxide and the single-substance powder of the nickel, cobalt and manganese.
In one or more embodiments, the mixing manner in step S1) includes a ball mill mixer, a drum mixer, a high speed mixer, a conical mixer, a ribbon mixer, a coulter mixer, etc., depending on the mixing amount; the preparation method is preferably a planetary ball mill during small-batch preparation, preferably a high-speed mixer during medium-batch production, and preferably a coulter mixer during batch production.
In one or more embodiments, the oxygen-containing atmosphere in steps S2), S3) includes at least one of an air mode and a high purity oxygen mode (oxygen concentration ≧ 95%), and when the two are mixed, the mixing ratio is arbitrary.
In one or more embodiments, the first temperature profile in the step S2) is a pre-sintering profile, and the pre-sintering is performed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and the temperature is increased from room temperature to 350-600 ℃ at a temperature increase rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 1-12 hours.
In one or more embodiments, the second temperature profile in step S3) is a solid phase reaction stage, and the reaction is performed in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and the temperature is raised to 650 to 980 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 0.5 to 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is maintained for 8 to 24 hours.
In one or more embodiments, the target product in step S4) is a single crystal ternary cathode material, and is typically characterized in that the morphology is composed of spherical or spheroidal primary single crystal particles (or contains a small amount of secondary agglomerated particles), the morphology is uniform, and the size is regular.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a preparation method of a single crystal ternary cathode material, wherein the raw materials directly adopt lithium oxide powder, nickel, cobalt and manganese metal elementary powder and fluxing agent, and the preparation process of a precursor is omitted, so that the production cost is greatly reduced, and the preparation method is more green and environment-friendly; the phenomenon of generating water vapor or carbon dioxide when metal hydroxide or metal carbonate is used as a raw material is avoided, so that the consistency of atmosphere, the stability of solid-phase reaction and the inhibition of structural cracking are greatly improved; lithium oxide powder, nickel, cobalt and manganese metal simple substance powder and fluxing agent are directly mixed, so that the mixing uniformity of all elements is ensured. Meanwhile, the single crystal multi-element material prepared by the method has high capacity and long cycle characteristics under high voltage, the rate performance of the battery is obviously improved, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the industrial application value is wide.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention and forms a part of the specification and is used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following examples are included to further illustrate the present invention by way of example in the preparation of NCM 523.
Example one
A preparation method of a single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
lithium oxide and nickel, cobalt and manganese metal simple substance powder are mixed according to the mol ratio of (1.02-1.12): 0.5: 0.2: weighing 0.3, weighing 0.2-2 wt% of strontium oxide, adding the strontium oxide into a high-speed mixer, mixing for 15-30 min at the mixing frequency of 20-60 Hz, sintering the uniformly mixed materials in an air atmosphere, heating the materials from room temperature to 450 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 1-12 hours. And continuously heating to 925 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 8-24 hours. And finally, naturally cooling the sintered material to room temperature, taking out the powder, crushing, and sieving with a 150-400-mesh sieve to obtain the sample 1 in the embodiment.
Example two
A preparation method of a single crystal ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
lithium oxide and nickel, cobalt and manganese metal simple substance powder are mixed according to the mol ratio of (1.02-1.12): 0.5: 0.2: weighing 0.3, weighing 0.2-2 wt% of strontium oxide, adding the strontium oxide into a colter mixer, mixing for 15-60 min, sintering the uniformly mixed materials for the first time under the air atmosphere condition, heating the materials from room temperature to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 1-12 hours. And continuously heating to 920 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat for 8-24 hours. And finally, naturally cooling the sintered material to room temperature, taking out the powder, crushing, and sieving with a 150-400-mesh sieve to obtain the sample 2 of the embodiment.
Comparative example 1
The ternary precursor Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2And lithium carbonate according to a molar ratio of 1: (1.02-1.12), adding the mixture into a high-speed mixer, and fully mixing, wherein the mixing frequency is 20-60 Hz, and the mixing time is 15-30 min, so as to obtain a raw material mixture;
sintering the mixed materials in an air atmosphere, heating the mixed materials from room temperature to 400 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-12 hours; and then heating to 920 ℃, preserving the heat for 8-24 hours, naturally cooling to room temperature, taking out the powder, crushing, and sieving with a 150-400-mesh sieve to obtain a comparative sample.
2025 power-on manufacturing test is carried out on the samples 1 and 2 of the above embodiment and the sample of the comparative example, wherein the test voltage condition (3.0-4.3) V and the multiplying power performance test condition are as follows: 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 5C charge and discharge for two circles respectively, and the multiplying power performance calculation method comprises the following steps: 5C discharge capacity/0.2C discharge capacity.
The first table shows the discharge efficiency, rate capability and cycle performance data of 0.2C for the ternary samples of example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1.
First-release efficiency, rate capability and cycle capability at 0.2C for the samples of Table I, comparative example and example
Figure BDA0002854249220000051
Figure BDA0002854249220000061
The result shows that the single crystal ternary cathode material prepared by directly using the lithium oxide powder, the nickel, cobalt and manganese metal elementary powder and the fluxing agent as raw materials has the advantages that the electrical property first discharge efficiency is improved compared with that of the single crystal ternary cathode material prepared by the conventional method, the rate capability is obviously improved, and the cycle performance is also obviously improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Modifications and variations that may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a single crystal ternary cathode material is characterized in that the chemical expression of the single crystal material is as follows: li1+ xNiaCobMncO2(wherein 0)<a<1,0<b<1,0<c<1, a + b + c is 1, 0 ≦ x ≦ 1), comprising the steps of:
s1) mixing and dispersing lithium oxide powder, nickel, cobalt and manganese metal elementary powder and fluxing agent according to the proportion;
s2) carrying out primary sintering on the uniformly dispersed material under an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a first temperature curve;
s3) carrying out secondary sintering on the product after the primary sintering under an oxygen-containing atmosphere and a second temperature curve;
s4) finally, naturally cooling the material after the second sintering to room temperature, crushing and sieving to obtain the target product.
2. The method for preparing a single-crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1), the lithium source is lithium oxide, and the fluxing agent is strontium oxide;
li: ni: co: the molar ratio of Mn is (1.02-1.12): (0-0.95): (0-0.25): (0-0.35), wherein the mass of the fluxing agent is 0.2-2 wt% of the total mass of the lithium oxide and the single-substance powder of the nickel, cobalt and manganese.
3. The method for preparing a single-crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 1, wherein: the mixing mode in the step S1) comprises a ball milling mixer, a drum mixer, a high-speed mixer, a conical mixer, a spiral belt mixer and a coulter mixer, and is determined according to the mixing quantity;
the preparation method is preferably a planetary ball mill during small-batch preparation, preferably a high-speed mixer during medium-batch production, and preferably a coulter mixer during batch production.
4. The method for preparing a single-crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 1, wherein: the oxygen-containing atmosphere in the step S2) or S3) includes at least one of an air mode and a high purity oxygen mode (oxygen concentration is not less than 95%); when the two are mixed, the mixing ratio is an arbitrary ratio.
5. The method for preparing a single-crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 1, wherein: the first temperature curve in the step S2) is a pre-sintering stage curve, the pre-sintering is carried out in the oxygen-containing atmosphere, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 350-600 ℃ at the temperature increasing rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-12 hours;
and the second temperature curve is a solid-phase reaction stage curve, is carried out in the oxygen-containing atmosphere, is heated to 650-980 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.5-10 ℃/min, and is kept for 8-24 hours.
6. The method for preparing a single-crystal ternary cathode material according to claim 1, wherein: the target product in the step S4) is the single crystal ternary cathode material, and is typically characterized in that the morphology of the single crystal ternary cathode material is composed of spherical or spheroidal primary single crystal particles or contains a small amount of secondary agglomerated particles, the morphology is uniform, and the size is regular.
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Cited By (3)

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CN113249777A (en) * 2021-04-23 2021-08-13 陕西彩虹新材料有限公司 Nanoscale single crystal ternary cathode material precursor, single crystal ternary cathode material and preparation method
CN114408986A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-04-29 陕西彩虹新材料有限公司 Nanoscale single crystal ternary cathode material and preparation method thereof
CN114665090A (en) * 2022-04-11 2022-06-24 中南大学 Method for preparing large-particle-size single crystal ternary cathode material at low temperature in one step

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CN111058084A (en) * 2019-12-25 2020-04-24 湖北融通高科先进材料有限公司 Method for preparing nickel cobalt lithium manganate single crystal ternary material
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CN108306014A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-07-20 深圳市德方纳米科技股份有限公司 A kind of monocrystalline nickel-cobalt lithium manganate cathode material and its preparation method and application
CN109279659A (en) * 2018-08-22 2019-01-29 中伟新材料有限公司 A kind of monocrystalline tertiary cathode material preparation method
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113249777A (en) * 2021-04-23 2021-08-13 陕西彩虹新材料有限公司 Nanoscale single crystal ternary cathode material precursor, single crystal ternary cathode material and preparation method
CN114408986A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-04-29 陕西彩虹新材料有限公司 Nanoscale single crystal ternary cathode material and preparation method thereof
CN114408986B (en) * 2022-01-21 2024-02-13 陕西彩虹新材料有限公司 Nanoscale monocrystal ternary cathode material and preparation method thereof
CN114665090A (en) * 2022-04-11 2022-06-24 中南大学 Method for preparing large-particle-size single crystal ternary cathode material at low temperature in one step

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Application publication date: 20210420