CN112668872B - Drilling block falling depth reduction method based on comprehensive similarity evaluation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for well drilling block falling depth reduction based on similarity comprehensive evaluation, which comprises the following steps: acquiring element logging data of rock debris samples with different well depths and element logging data of drilled falling blocks; step two, respectively calculating the contents of different elements in the rock debris sample, and respectively calculating the contents of different elements in the drilled falling block; step three, respectively screening out drilling rock debris samples with the highest element similarity degree with the drilling falling blocks through multiple similarity evaluation algorithms to serve as preliminary screening sample sets; and step four, determining the reduction value of the drilling block falling depth according to the well depth corresponding to the rock debris sample in the primary screening sample set. The drilling falling block depth reduction method based on the comprehensive similarity evaluation can reduce the depth of the falling block by finding the most matched well depth corresponding to the logging element which is most similar and close to the element components of the falling block data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, and particularly relates to a drilling well block falling depth reduction method based on comprehensive similarity evaluation.
Background
Dropping is the large cuttings that drop off from the drilled section due to the difference in borehole wall stability during the drilling process. In the process of rock debris logging, a large number of fallen blocks and rock debris are mixed together, so that the difficulty is caused in distinguishing true and false rock debris on site, the correct judgment of the stratum is influenced, and drilling abnormity such as drilling jamming, difficult tripping and the like can be caused due to the existence of the fallen blocks. If the information carried by the falling blocks can be fully utilized to accurately restore the well section where the falling blocks are located, a scheme for solving the problem can be provided through the instability difference of the abnormal well section to guide and optimize the subsequent drilling construction operation.
The traditional research method for the chipping mainly comprises the steps of determining the cause of chipping and qualitatively describing corresponding drilling engineering parameters by manually observing the shape and the color of chipping on site, and adjusting the drilling engineering parameters in real time according to the cause of chipping so as to be beneficial to better drilling. In inner Mongolia petrochemical 2011, stage 17: pages 39-41 disclose the following main contents in the geological analysis and treatment of dropping blocks in the drilling process: the method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out geological analysis and classification on the falling blocks according to the shapes and the forming reasons of the falling blocks, wherein the geological analysis mainly adopts a qualitative description method, dividing the falling blocks into angular shapes, plate shapes and split shapes according to the shapes, dividing the falling blocks into pressure falling blocks, structural stress falling blocks, composite falling blocks and the like according to the causes, and carrying out geological classification analysis according to different falling block types so as to provide useful information for well drilling construction and achieve the aim of smoothly drilling.
However, the above-mentioned prior art is greatly affected by human subjective factors, and the shape of the dropped block is relatively disordered, so that it is not easy to distinguish the types according to the shape, and it is not easy to analyze the cause according to the shape of the dropped block, and the study on the dropped block only stays in perceptual and subjective recognition, and there is no corresponding mathematical analysis means, so that it is easy to form erroneous judgment or incorrect recognition of the dropped block.
At present, in the logging technology, the research on the block falling still rarely exists, so that the understanding of the industry on the block falling is insufficient, the utilization rate of the block falling information is insufficient, and the theoretical guidance of the block falling on the drilling engineering is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drilling block falling depth reduction method based on comprehensive similarity evaluation, which establishes a similarity evaluation method of elements corresponding to falling blocks by taking element logging data corresponding to rock debris with different well depths and element logging data corresponding to a certain falling block as analysis data; the depth of the dropped block is restored by searching the well depth which is most matched with the logging element which has the most similar and close component to each element of the dropped block data, the limitation that the research on the dropped block in the prior art only stays at the subjective and qualitative recognition level is overcome, and the information carried by the dropped block is fully mined.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for well drilling block dropping depth reduction based on comprehensive evaluation of similarity comprises the following steps:
acquiring element logging data of rock debris samples with different well depths and element logging data of drilled falling blocks;
respectively calculating the contents of different elements in the rock debris sample, and respectively calculating the contents of different elements in the drilled well falling block;
step three, respectively screening out drilling rock debris samples with the highest similarity degree with the elements of the drilling falling blocks through multiple similarity evaluation algorithms to serve as a primary screening sample set;
and step four, determining the reduction value of the drilling block falling depth according to the well depth corresponding to the rock debris sample in the primary screening sample set.
Preferably, in the third step, the preliminary screening sample set is obtained through three approximation degree evaluation algorithms, and the method includes the following steps:
step 1, calculating the distances between the elements of the drilling falling blocks and the drilling cuttings with different well depths through a first approximation degree evaluation algorithm to obtain a first similar distance set of the distances between the elements of the drilling falling blocks and the drilling cuttings with different well depths;
calculating the distances between the elements of the drilling falling block and the drilling cuttings with different well depths by a second approximation degree evaluation algorithm to obtain a second similar distance set of the distances between the elements of the drilling falling block and the drilling cuttings with different well depths; and
calculating the distances between the elements of the drilling falling blocks and the drilling cuttings with different well depths through a third approximation degree evaluation algorithm to obtain a third similarity distance set of the distances between the elements of the drilling falling blocks and the drilling cuttings with different well depths;
and 2, respectively screening out the minimum value in the first similar distance set, the minimum value in the second similar distance set and the minimum value in the third similar distance set to obtain the preliminary screening sample set.
Preferably, the first similar distance is:
wherein k represents the element type in the logging data; x is the number of mi Representing the proportion value y of the corresponding element i of the rock debris sample with the number m ni Is given a reference numeral ofThe block dropping samples of n correspond to the fraction of the element i.
Preferably, the second similar distance is:
wherein k represents the element type in the logging data; x is a radical of a fluorine atom mi The proportion value y of the corresponding element i of the rock debris sample with the number m ni Indicating the fraction of the element i corresponding to the dropped block sample with the number n.
Preferably, the third similar distance is:
wherein k represents the element category in the logging data; x is the number of mi Representing the proportion value y of the corresponding element i of the rock debris sample with the number m ni Indicating the fraction of the element i corresponding to the dropped block sample with the number n.
Preferably, the elements in the logging data include at least sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, barium, titanium, manganese, iron, vanadium, nickel, strontium, and zirconium.
Preferably, in the fourth step, determining a reduction value of the drilling drop depth comprises:
determining well depths S1, S2 and S3 corresponding to the rock debris samples in the primary screening sample set;
if at least two values of S1, S2 and S3 are equal, determining that the reduction value of the drilling block falling depth is equal to the value of S1, S2 and S3;
and if the S1, the S2 and the S3 are different from each other, selecting the well depth S1 corresponding to the minimum value of the first similar distance as a reduction value of the drilling block dropping depth.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention is provided under the background that the rock debris logging technology and the element logging technology are mature continuously, the corresponding rock debris element logging measurement data and the falling block element measurement data are accurate continuously, through researching the similarity or similarity between the rock debris element logging measurement data and the falling block element measurement data and through strict mathematical analysis logic, a set of effective rock debris element data and falling block element data similarity comprehensive evaluation method is established, the rock debris element logging information and the falling block element logging information are fully utilized, and the reduction of the well depth where a drilling falling block is mixed in rock debris is realized; the method overcomes the limitation that the research on the falling blocks in the prior art only stays at the subjective and qualitative recognition level, and fully excavates the information carried by the falling blocks, thereby helping to better understand the underground drilling condition.
(2) The invention adopts three methods of similarity measurement to carry out comprehensive evaluation, and the result is relatively accurate and reliable; the error caused by different measurement principles of a single similarity measurement method is avoided; meanwhile, the similarity evaluation methods which are not suitable for the deep reduction of the chipping are avoided.
(3) The method is based on element logging data, can restore the well depth where the block falls after sampling while drilling, and indirectly knows the underground operation condition through restored block falling depth information; meanwhile, the method has no extra cost of experimental analysis, is easy to operate, and has quick reduction result of the block falling depth.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for well drilling dropping block depth reduction based on comprehensive evaluation of similarity according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for drilling well block dropping depth reduction based on comprehensive similarity evaluation, which comprises the following steps:
a. processing element logging data of the rock debris sample corresponding to each well depth, and converting the element logging data into the content of each element in proportion;
b. processing element logging data corresponding to the dropped blocks, and converting the element logging data into the content of each element in proportion;
c. and searching the rock debris element logging data which are most similar to the rock debris element logging data of each element logging data of the dropped blocks by using three different similarity evaluation methods, and taking the well depth corresponding to the rock debris sample as the well depth where the dropped block is located.
d. And comprehensively judging and restoring the well depth where the falling block is located according to three different similarity evaluation results.
In the step a, the parameters of the element logging data of the rock debris sample include 17 main logging elements of sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), chlorine (Cl), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), barium (Ba), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), and the like.
In the step a, the element logging data parameters of the rock debris sample are limited by the technology of the logging equipment, and the used logging element parameters may include, but are not limited to, the above 17 logging elements.
In the step a, converting the element logging data of the rock debris sample into percentage content, which means that the data corresponding to all elements of the rock debris sample is divided by the sum of the contents of all elements of the sample to obtain one proportion of each element in all elements.
And in the step b, the data of the element logging corresponding to the block falling is ensured to be the same as the element parameters used in the rock debris sample.
In the step b, converting the element logging data of the sample with the block dropping into percentage content, which means that the data corresponding to all elements of the sample with the block dropping is divided by the sum of the contents of all elements of the sample to obtain one proportion of each element in all elements in the block dropping.
In the step c, the three different similarity evaluation methods used are respectively an euclidean distance method, a manhattan distance method and an adjusted cosine similarity algorithm.
And c, solving the Euclidean distance between the block dropping element proportion data and the logging element proportion data of the rock debris corresponding to each depth by using an Euclidean distance method, determining a corresponding rock debris sample according to the minimum value of the solved Euclidean distance, and further determining the corresponding well depth.
In the step c, the Manhattan distance method is used for solving the sum of absolute value distances of the falling element proportion data and the element logging proportion data of the rock debris corresponding to each depth, and the corresponding rock debris sample is determined according to the minimum value of the obtained sum of absolute value distances, so that the corresponding well depth is determined.
In the step c, the adjusted cosine similarity calculation method is used for solving the adjusted cosine distance similarity between the falling block element proportion data and the element logging proportion data of the rock debris corresponding to each depth, and the corresponding rock debris sample is determined according to the maximum value of the adjusted cosine distance, so that the corresponding well depth is determined.
And d, comprehensively voting the depths corresponding to the dropped blocks obtained by the three methods in the step c, and taking the final voting result as the finally restored dropped block depth.
Examples
The description of the specific embodiment of the invention is given by taking the rock debris element logging data and the block dropping element logging data of a certain block well (hereinafter referred to as JZ25-1-X well) of an oil field of 25-1 in the Bohai sea area.
Fig. 1 shows a specific processing flow chart of the present invention, and the final well depth data where the drilled well chipping occurs is obtained by performing comprehensive evaluation according to different similarity evaluation methods.
In step S101, the element logging data (see table 1) corresponding to the rock debris sampled at each well depth and the element logging data (see table 2) corresponding to the dropped rock to be subjected to well depth reduction are read.
TABLE 1 original element logging data corresponding to rock cuttings of JZ25-1-X well
TABLE 2 original element logging data corresponding to dropped blocks of JZ25-1-X well
The rock debris and broken piece element data in the embodiment are original data obtained through analysis and recording of element logging equipment. In this embodiment, there are 15 dropped blocks to be subjected to the downhole depth information reduction, the well depth covered by the rock debris element logging data collected by the well is 1157m to 2344m, one rock debris sample is basically taken every 5m, and about 240 rock debris samples are taken, and the rock debris samples correspond to 240 sample depths respectively.
In step S102, a single element proportion calculation is performed on all rock debris sample data, and data corresponding to each element of the rock debris sample is divided by the sum of all element contents of the sample to obtain one proportion of each element in all elements. For example, the content of Na element of the rock debris sample at the well depth of 1870m is as follows: 3.527/. The sum of the contents of all the elements of this sample ≈ 0.07
Similarly, the ratio of the contents of other elements in the sample can also be determined. The sum of the content ratios of all the elements is 1, and so on, the content ratios of all other rock debris samples can be obtained (see table 3).
TABLE 3 rock fragment logging element each element composition ratio table
In step S103, similar to step S102, the occupation ratio of each single element of the element logging data corresponding to the 15 dropped blocks to be deeply restored is determined, that is, the data corresponding to all the elements of the dropped block sample is divided by the sum of all the element contents of the sample, so as to obtain an occupation ratio of each element in all the elements of the dropped block. The element ratio table of each of the finally obtained chipping samples is shown in table 4.
Table 4 ratio table of each element composition of elements of the sample
In step S104, the element proportion data of the rock debris samples at each well depth are sequentially taken, and three distances, namely, an euclidean distance, a manhattan distance and an adjusted cosine similarity distance, of the element proportion data corresponding to a falling block to be subjected to well depth information reduction are calculated, assuming that the number of the rock debris sample at a certain well depth is m and the number of a falling block is n, the calculation formulas of the euclidean distance d1, the manhattan distance d2 and the adjusted cosine similarity distance d3 between the two samples are respectively as shown in formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3):
wherein x is mi The proportion value y of the corresponding element i of the rock debris sample with the number m ni Representing the proportion value of the element i corresponding to the dropping block sample with the number n;
the average value of the ratios of the elements in each sample is shown, and since 17 logging elements are used in this example, the average value of the ratios of the elements is
And (5) for a single sample of the dropped block, after the step S104 is executed, continuing to execute the step S105, and judging whether the logging proportion data of the rock debris elements corresponding to all the well depths are traversed, namely traversing the rock debris sample data corresponding to all the well depths, and executing the calculation of three distances between the sample and the dropped block.
If all the rock debris data corresponding to the well depth, namely three distances between 240 rock debris samples and the dropped rock debris sample are calculated, the steps are shifted to steps S106, S107 and S108. In step S106, the depth of the rock debris sample corresponding to the minimum euclidean distance d1 is obtained, the corresponding rock debris sample is found, and then the well depth where the rock debris sample is located is indexed according to the sample. In step S107, the depth of the rock fragment sample corresponding to the minimum manhattan distance d2 is calculated, and similarly, the corresponding rock fragment sample is found first, and then the well depth of the rock fragment sample is indexed according to the sample. In step S108, the depth of the rock debris sample corresponding to the maximum value of the adjusted cosine distance d3 is obtained, and the operation is similar to steps S106 and S107.
After the above steps are executed, step S109 is executed, and voting is performed comprehensively according to the three obtained depth values, so as to obtain the final depth of the corresponding rock debris sample. Assuming that the three depth values obtained in the above steps S106, S107, and S108 are S1, S2, and S3, respectively, the rule of the comprehensive decision is as follows:
(1) If at least two groups of values in S1, S2 and S3 are equal, the final well depth of the block dropping reduction is determined as the group of equal values (according to the principle that minority obeys majority in voting).
(2) If the values of S1, S2 and S3 are not equal to each other, since the values of the elements are subjected to a percentage ratio processing in the above steps S102 and S103, which is equivalent to a normalization operation, the influence of different dimensions of the elements is eliminated, and the depth S1 corresponding to the euro-scale distance which is widely used is used as the final reduction value of the depth of the drilled block-falling well.
In step S110, after the well depth where the dropped block is located is obtained, the above-mentioned processing may be performed on other dropped blocks until all the dropped blocks are processed, and the entire processing flow ends. The reduction results of the well depth where the falling blocks are located are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 downhole depth table where drilled well dropping blocks are finally recovered
The results of the examples verify that:
after the confirmation of the drilling site constructors, the 15 dropped block samples are determined to be the rock debris in the interval 1735-2300 m of the sand river street group of the well section, thereby further proving the accuracy of the method provided by the invention.
In practical application, in order to be more accurately applied to a logging site or logging technology application research, finally used logging elements can be changed according to different environments in different areas or different element logging devices, and the comprehensive evaluation method can be applied to new logging element parameters to restore the underground depth where drilling blocks fall.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Although a logical order is shown in the flow chart, in some cases, the steps described may be performed in an order different from that described herein (e.g., perform similarity evaluation method 1 before performing similarity evaluation method 2).
The invention relates to a method for restoring the well depth of a drilled well falling block based on comprehensive evaluation of similarity, belongs to innovation of a falling block application research method, and realizes the restoration of the specific well depth of the falling block by applying element logging information corresponding to the falling block under the conditions that the research and the knowledge of the falling block only stay in the subjective recognition level and the data analysis and research method of the falling block is deficient at present.
The invention is provided under the background that the rock debris logging technology and the element logging technology are mature continuously, the corresponding rock debris element logging measurement data and the falling block element measurement data are accurate continuously, a set of effective rock debris element data and falling block element data similarity comprehensive evaluation method is established by researching the similarity or similarity between the rock debris element logging measurement data and the falling block element measurement data and strict mathematical analysis logic, the rock debris element logging information and the falling block element logging information are fully utilized, and the reduction of the well depth where a drilled falling block is mixed in rock debris is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
(1) The method adopts three similarity measurement methods for comprehensive evaluation, thereby avoiding errors caused by different measurement principles of a single similarity measurement method; meanwhile, similarity evaluation methods which are not suitable for deep reduction of the chipping are avoided, such as a Mahalanobis distance method (established on the basis of a total sample, the similarity comparison of element logging data of a rock chip sample of each well depth cannot be performed one by one aiming at the chipping element logging data, and the similarity evaluation cannot be used for the reduction evaluation of the chipping depth), a Hamming distance method (generally used for byte codes), a cosine similarity method (insensitive to numerical values of single element content), a Chebyshev similarity method (taking the maximum value of relative distance absolute values of rock chips and chipping elements, evaluating the similarity), and the like.
(2) The method is based on element logging data, so that the depth of the well where the block falls can be restored in time after sampling while drilling, and the underground operation condition can be indirectly known through restored block falling depth information.
(3) The method has the advantages of simplicity, low cost, no extra cost of any experimental analysis, easy operation, quick recovery result of the block falling depth, easy manufacture of a simple GUI interface, quick well depth recovery of the drilled blocks by unskilled business personnel and simple operation, and can obtain results through simple mathematical operations.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, described and illustrated herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed, and to such extent that such modifications are readily available to those skilled in the art, and it is not intended to be limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for reducing the drilling block falling depth based on comprehensive similarity evaluation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring element logging data of rock debris samples with different well depths and element logging data of drilled blocks;
respectively calculating the contents of different elements in the rock debris sample, and respectively calculating the contents of different elements in the drilled well falling block;
step three, respectively screening out drilling rock debris samples with the highest similarity degree with the elements of the drilling falling blocks through multiple similarity evaluation algorithms to serve as a primary screening sample set;
determining a reduction value of the drilling block falling depth according to the well depth corresponding to the rock debris sample in the primary screening sample set;
in the third step, the preliminary screening sample set is obtained through three approximation degree evaluation algorithms, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating the distances between the elements of the drilling falling blocks and the drilling cuttings with different well depths through a first approximation degree evaluation algorithm to obtain a first similar distance set of the distances between the elements of the drilling falling blocks and the drilling cuttings with different well depths;
calculating the distance between the elements of the drilling falling block and the drilling cuttings with different well depths through a second approximation degree evaluation algorithm to obtain a second similar distance set of the distance between the elements of the drilling falling block and the drilling cuttings with different well depths; and
calculating the distances between the elements of the drilling falling block and the drilling cuttings with different well depths by a third approximation degree evaluation algorithm to obtain a third similar distance set of the distances between the elements of the drilling falling block and the drilling cuttings with different well depths;
step 2, respectively screening out the minimum value in the first similar distance set, the minimum value in the second similar distance set and the minimum value in the third similar distance set to obtain the preliminary screening sample set;
in the fourth step, determining a reduction value of the drilling falling block depth comprises:
determining well depths S1, S2 and S3 corresponding to the rock debris samples in the primary screening sample set;
if at least two values of S1, S2 and S3 are equal, determining that the reduction value of the drilling falling block depth is equal to the values of S1, S2 and S3;
and if the S1, the S2 and the S3 are not equal to each other, selecting the well depth S1 corresponding to the minimum value of the first similar distance as a reduction value of the drilling block falling depth.
2. The method for drilling block dropping depth reduction based on comprehensive evaluation of similarity according to claim 1, wherein the first similarity distance is as follows:
wherein k represents the element category in the logging data; x is the number of mi Representing the proportion value y of the corresponding element i of the rock debris sample with the number m ni Indicating the fraction of the element i corresponding to the dropped block sample with the number n.
3. The method for drilling block dropping depth reduction based on comprehensive evaluation of similarity according to claim 2, wherein the second similarity distance is as follows:
wherein k represents the element category in the logging data; x is the number of mi The proportion value y of the corresponding element i of the rock debris sample with the number m ni Indicating the fractional value of the element i corresponding to the dropped block sample with the number n.
4. The method for drilling falling block depth reduction based on the comprehensive similarity evaluation according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the third similarity distance is as follows:
wherein k represents the element type in the logging data; x is the number of mi Representing the proportion value y of the corresponding element i of the rock debris sample with the number m ni Indicating the fraction of the element i corresponding to the dropped block sample with the number n.
5. The method for drilling dropout depth reduction based on comprehensive similarity evaluation according to claim 4, wherein the elements in the logging data at least comprise sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, barium, titanium, manganese, iron, vanadium, nickel, strontium and zirconium.
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| CN103485760A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Full-scale coal bed wellbore stability evaluation method |
| CN103924926A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 中煤邯郸特殊凿井有限公司 | Fast drilling construction method of superficial gravel stratum |
| CN105938099A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-09-14 | 四川大学 | Rock character judging method and system based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy |
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| CN103924926A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 中煤邯郸特殊凿井有限公司 | Fast drilling construction method of superficial gravel stratum |
| CN105938099A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-09-14 | 四川大学 | Rock character judging method and system based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy |
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