CN112668257A - Multi-heat-source-based building indoor natural ventilation design method - Google Patents
Multi-heat-source-based building indoor natural ventilation design method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a building indoor natural ventilation design method based on multiple heat sources, which comprises the steps of assuming a group of indoor exhaust port areas and air inlet areas; determining an indoor equivalent effective ventilation area according to the assumed value; assuming that a plurality of heat sources have the same diameter and are arranged at the same horizontal height at equal intervals, and determining the virtual polar point distance of the heat sources according to the height and the diameter of the heat sources and the temperature difference between the heat sources and indoor air; determining an effective entrainment constant of the heat source according to the entrainment constant of the heat source; determining a coupling threshold according to the height difference between the indoor air outlet and the indoor air inlet, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area, the virtual polar point distance of the heat source and the effective entrainment constant of the heat source; determining the type of the heat source and the thermal stratification height according to the distance between the coupling threshold and the heat source, and checking the heat source type and the thermal stratification height; if the check is in accordance with the preset value, determining that the assumed indoor air outlet area and the assumed indoor air inlet area are reasonable, namely the indoor air outlet area and the indoor air inlet area to be obtained; if the checking thermal stratification height does not accord with the preset value, the value is assumed again for calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of indoor ventilation, in particular to a multi-heat-source-based design method for building indoor natural ventilation.
Background
In recent years, with the development of social economy, a lot of heating devices are arranged in a building room, the heating amount is large, and how to utilize the thermal plume effect above a heat source to induce and realize high-efficiency hot-pressing natural ventilation to create a reasonable environment is guided by the potential, so that the method has important significance for building users. In a building space with high residual heat, the indoor temperature distribution changes along with the change of ventilation volume, and the geometric and physical parameters of a heat source, which change due to different combination conditions, are directly related to the room temperature and the ventilation capacity, so that the method for analyzing the indoor natural ventilation of the building is different from the problem of the commonly known room temperature.
Existing natural draft calculation methods generally include two categories: one is design calculation, that is, the necessary overall ventilation volume is calculated according to the determined conditions and requirements, and the air inlet and outlet window hole positions and the window hole areas are determined; the other type is checking calculation, namely calculating the maximum natural ventilation quantity which can be achieved under the conditions of process, civil engineering, window hole position and area determination, and checking whether the temperature of a working area meets the requirement of a sanitary standard or not. The design calculation steps are as follows: (1) calculating indoor natural ventilation quantity; (2) determining the positions of the window holes, and distributing the air intake and exhaust amount of each window hole; (3) and calculating the internal and external pressure difference and the window hole area of each window hole. The air volume calculation in the step (1) needs to set indoor exhaust air temperature and total waste heat, and the room temperature and the air volume of the building indoor natural ventilation heat extraction process are in a causal relationship and can only be solved in a coupling mode, so that the accuracy is insufficient. In addition, because heat source conditions in actual buildings are different, the used empirical coefficient is far from the actual condition, and the difference between the designed ventilation quantity and the actually required ventilation quantity is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a building indoor natural ventilation design method based on multiple heat sources, and solve the problem that the difference between the designed ventilation quantity and the actually required ventilation quantity is huge because the experience coefficient used in the prior art is far from the actual situation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a building indoor natural ventilation design method based on multiple heat sources comprises the following steps:
s10: assuming a group of indoor air outlet area and indoor air inlet area;
s20: determining an indoor equivalent effective ventilation area according to the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet;
s30: assuming that a plurality of heat sources have the same diameter and are arranged at the same horizontal height at equal intervals, and determining the virtual polar point distance of the heat sources according to the height of the heat sources, the diameter of the heat sources and the temperature difference between the heat sources and the indoor air;
s40: determining a corresponding heat source effective entrainment constant according to the heat source entrainment constant;
s50: determining a coupling threshold according to the height difference between the indoor air outlet and the indoor air inlet, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area, the virtual polar point distance of the heat source and the effective entrainment constant of the heat source;
s60: determining the type of the heat source according to the distance between the coupling threshold and the heat source;
s70: determining the thermal stratification height according to the height difference between the indoor air outlet and the indoor air inlet, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area, the virtual polar point distance of the heat source, the number of the heat sources of the coupling body and the effective entrainment constant of the heat source, and checking the thermal stratification height;
s80: if the checking thermal stratification height meets the preset value, determining that the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet which are supposed in the S10 are reasonable, namely the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet which are required to be obtained; and if the checking thermal stratification height does not meet the preset value, re-assuming a group of indoor air outlet areas and indoor air inlet areas, returning to S20 for re-calculation.
The indoor equivalent effective ventilation area a:
wherein, atIndoor air outlet area, unit: m is2；abIndoor air inlet area, unit: m is2；ctThe flow coefficient of the indoor air outlet; c. CbAnd the pressure loss coefficient of the indoor air inlet.
Virtual polar distance z of the heat sourcev：
zv＝2.1(d+2δ)
δ＝0.11Δt-0.1hs 0.7
Wherein h issHeat source height, unit: m; d. heat source diameter, unit: m; Δ t, temperature difference between heat source and indoor air, unit: DEG C; δ, heat source plume boundary layer thickness, unit: and m is selected.
Effective entrainment constant C of said heat sourceeff：
Wherein C, heat source entrainment constant, alphaeffAnd the effective entrainment coefficient of the heat source.
The coupling threshold value xT：
Wherein HLLower thermal stratification height limit, unit: m; H. height difference between indoor air outlet and indoor air inlet, unit: m; alpha is alphaeffEffective entrainment coefficient of heat source, zvVirtual pole pitch of heat source, unit: m; alpha, heat source entrainment coefficient, pi, physical constant.
The number of the heat sources is n, the distance between two adjacent heat sources is x, and when x is not more than xTWhen the heat sources are coupled body heat sources, the two adjacent heat sources are non-coupled body heat sources, and the number n of the coupled body heat sources in the n heat sources is determined1。
The thermal stratification height:
when n is1When the content of the organic acid is more than or equal to 1,
when n is1When the content is equal to 0, the content,
wherein, n, heat source number, unit: a plurality of; n is1The number of heat sources of the coupling body, unit: and (4) respectively.
The preset value in the S80 is 2 m.
In S10, the value range of the indoor air outlet area and the indoor air inlet area is assumed to be 0.5-3% of the indoor building area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the ventilation design method has high calculation accuracy, firstly analyzes the indoor heat source condition, and carries out classification treatment and joint solution based on whether indoor multiple heat sources are coupled, so that the design of a natural ventilation system is more accurate.
The ventilation design method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the calculation parameters are few, the design steps are simple, the method combines a fluid mechanics continuity principle and an experimental determination coefficient, only measurable conditions such as building indoor size, indoor heat source temperature and indoor air temperature are needed, the final indoor air inlet area, indoor air outlet area and air outlet form can be calculated, and numerical values such as a heat distribution coefficient value and a temperature gradient do not need to be calculated.
(III) the ventilation design method of the invention is fast in design and calculation, the traditional CFD-dependent simulation is usually required to carry out gridding on the building model and then carry out simulation calculation for pursuing more accurate calculation precision, under the condition of no detailed and accurate boundary conditions, the calculation result is not accurate, and a large amount of calculation equipment and time are required. By way of example, it was verified that the calculation described in the present invention using Matlab software only requires less than 1 s.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for designing the natural ventilation in the building based on multiple heat sources according to the invention;
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
The embodiment provides a method for designing indoor natural ventilation of a building based on multiple heat sources, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s10: assuming a group of indoor air outlet area and indoor air inlet area;
s20: determining an indoor equivalent effective ventilation area according to the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet;
s30: assuming that a plurality of heat sources have the same diameter and are arranged at the same horizontal height at equal intervals, and determining the virtual polar point distance of the heat sources according to the height of the heat sources, the diameter of the heat sources and the temperature difference between the heat sources and the indoor air;
s40: determining a corresponding heat source effective entrainment constant according to the heat source entrainment constant;
s50: determining a coupling threshold according to the height difference between the indoor air outlet and the indoor air inlet, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area, the virtual polar point distance of the heat source and the effective entrainment constant of the heat source;
s60: determining the type of the heat source according to the distance between the coupling threshold and the heat source;
s70: determining the thermal stratification height according to the height difference between the indoor air outlet and the indoor air inlet, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area, the virtual polar point distance of the heat source, the number of the heat sources of the coupling body and the effective entrainment constant of the heat source, and checking the thermal stratification height;
s80: if the checking thermal stratification height meets the preset value, determining that the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet which are supposed in the S10 are reasonable, namely the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet which are required to be obtained; and if the checking thermal stratification height does not meet the preset value, re-assuming a group of indoor air outlet areas and indoor air inlet areas, returning to S20 for re-calculation.
Wherein, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area means: the characteristic value of the indoor ventilation area can be calculated through the area of an indoor upper air outlet and the area of an indoor lower air outlet;
the heat source virtual pole distance is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) forming an actual body heat source plume into a virtual pure point source floating plume, wherein a virtual origin is located at a virtual pole distance below an actual heat source, the virtual point source floating plume is zero momentum and zero volume flow at the virtual origin and has the same buoyancy flux as the actual heat source, so that the virtual origin and the virtual point source have the same momentum, volume flow and buoyancy flux at any elevation of the actual flow field, and the vertical distance between the virtual origin and the actual heat source is called virtual pole distance;
the coupling threshold refers to: judging the critical value of the horizontal distance for judging whether the heat sources are coupled, and when the distance between the two heat sources is smaller than or equal to a coupling threshold value, coupling the two heat sources;
the heat source effective entrainment constant is: the ratio of the radial inflow velocity of the entrainment surrounding fluid at the boundary of the bulk heat source plume and the characteristic velocity of the plume at the same height (usually the axial velocity of the floating plume cross section) is constant, and the constant is called as the heat source effective entrainment constant;
the thermal stratification height is: for the lower air inlet, the upper hot plume of the heat source in the room with the upper air exhaust rises to the indoor air exhaust outlet, part of hot air flow is exhausted from the indoor air exhaust outlet, part of hot air flow forms a more uniform mixing area in the upper space, two stable upper-hot and lower-cold subareas are formed in the room, and the interface height of the two subareas is the thermal stratification height.
As a preferred solution of this embodiment, a hydropower station power plant is selected as a ventilation design target, and a generator set is a heat source, and actual measurement parameters are given as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
In this embodiment, the area of the air outlet of the power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station is assumed to be 0.55% of the building area of the power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station, and the area of the air inlet of the power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station is assumed to be 1.8% of the building area of the power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station.
In this embodiment, the air outlet of the hydropower station power plant (indoor) and the air inlet of the hydropower station power plant (indoor) are louver air outlets, and the corresponding c air outlets are takentA value of 1.0, cbValue 1.0, hydropower stationPower plant (indoor) equivalent effective ventilation area a:
wherein, atHydropower station power plant (indoor) air outlet area, unit: m is2；abThe area of an air inlet (indoor) of a power generation plant of the hydropower station, unit: m is2；ctAssuming the flow coefficient of the (indoor) air outlet of the power plant of the hydropower station, cbAnd the pressure loss coefficient of an air inlet of a power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station.
As a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, d is 2.0m, δ is 0.097m, Δ t is 32.6-20.1 ═ 12.5 ℃, and h issVirtual pole distance z of 1.2m generator set (heat source)v：
zv＝2.1(d+2δ)＝4.6m
δ＝0.11Δt-0.1hs 0.7＝0.097m
Wherein, s, height of generator set (heat source), unit: m; d. generator set (heat source) diameter, unit: m; Δ t, temperature difference between the generator set (heat source) and the indoor air, unit: DEG C; δ, boundary layer thickness of generator set (heat source) float plume, unit: and m is selected.
As a preferable scheme of this embodiment, the heat source and the hydropower station power generation plant in this embodiment cause the surface of the generating set (heat source) to have a temperature difference, in this case, αeffThe value is 0.13, the value of C is 0.131, the value of alpha is 0.11, pi is 3.14, and the effective entrainment constant C of the generator set (heat source)eff：
Wherein, C, entrainment constant of generator set (heat source), alphaeffThe effective entrainment coefficient of the generator set (heat source), the entrainment coefficient of the alpha generator set (heat source), the pi and the physical constant.
As one of the embodimentsPreferred embodiment, A*＝20.65m2，HLTaking 2m as the preset value, the heat source and the hydropower station power generation plant in the embodiment cause the surface of the heat source to have temperature difference, in this case, CeffA value of 0.165, a value of 0.11, H value of 15.9m, zvIs 4.6m, the coupling threshold xT：
xT＝3.78m
Wherein HLLower thermal stratification height limit, unit: m; H. height difference between power station power generation factory building (indoor) air exit and power station power generation factory building (indoor) air intake, unit: m; z is a radical ofvVirtual pole pitch of a generator set (heat source), unit: m; alpha, the entrainment coefficient of the generator set (heat source), pi and a physical constant.
As a preferable scheme of this embodiment, the number of the generator sets (heat sources) is n, the distance between two adjacent generator sets (heat sources) is x, and when x is less than or equal to xTWhen the two adjacent generator sets (heat sources) are coupled body heat sources, otherwise, the two adjacent generator sets (heat sources) are non-coupled body heat sources, and the number n of coupled body generator sets (heat sources) in the n generator sets (heat sources) is determined1。
Wherein the coupling threshold is calculated as xTThe distance between two heat sources is 22m, namely 3.78m, and four generator sets (heat sources) are mutually uncoupled heat sources, namely n is 4, n1＝0。
When n is 4, n1The thermal stratification height is calculated according to the following formula, 0:
h＝6.95m
wherein, n, the number of generator sets (heat sources), unit: a plurality of; n is1The number of the coupling body generator sets (heat sources), unit: a plurality of; .
As a preferable solution of this embodiment, the preset value is 2 m.
Wherein the calculated thermal stratification height of the hydropower station power plant (indoor) is 6.95m, namely the thermal stratification height is far higher than 2m, and the preset value is met, namely the assumed area of the air outlet of the hydropower station power plant (indoor) is 16.39m2The area of an air inlet of a power plant (indoor) of the hydropower station is 32.165m2The method is reasonable, namely the area of an air outlet of a power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station and the area of an air inlet of the power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station are obtained.
Specific parameter units are given in table 2 for the respective physical quantity parameters referred to in the present embodiment.
TABLE 2
| Parameter symbol | A* | ct | at | ab | zv | h | d | Δt | Ceff |
| Unit of | m2 | — | m2 | m2 | m | m | m | ℃ | — |
| Value taking | 20.65 | 1.0 | 16.39 | 32.165 | 4.6 | 6.91m | 2 | 12.5 | 0.165 |
| Parameter symbol | αeff | α | π | C | x | xT | n | n1 | HL |
| Unit of | — | — | — | — | m | m | — | — | m |
| Value taking | 0.13 | 0.11 | 3.14 | 0.131 | 22.0 | 3.78m | 4 | 0 | 2.0 |
| Parameter symbol | H | δ | hs | ||||||
| Unit of | m | m | m | ||||||
| Value taking | 15.9 | 0.097 | 1.20 |
Example 2:
the present embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that the distance between the distances between adjacent generator sets (heat sources) is 3.0m, i.e., x ≦ xTThe four generator sets (heat sources) are mutually coupled body heat sources, namely n is 4, n1＝3，
When n is 4, n1When 3, the heat score was calculated according to the following formulaLayer height:
h＝5.4m
wherein, n, the number of generator sets (heat sources), unit: a plurality of; n is1The number of the coupling body generator sets (heat sources), unit: a plurality of; the calculated thermal stratification height of the hydropower station power plant (indoor) is 5.4m, namely the thermal stratification height is far higher than 2m, and the preset value is met, namely the assumed area of an air outlet of the hydropower station power plant (indoor) is 16.39m2The area of an air inlet of a power plant (indoor) of the hydropower station is 32.165m2The method is reasonable, namely the area of an air outlet of a power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station and the area of an air inlet of the power generation plant (indoor) of the hydropower station are obtained.
Claims (9)
1. A building indoor natural ventilation design method based on multiple heat sources is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10: assuming a group of indoor air outlet area and indoor air inlet area;
s20: determining an indoor equivalent effective ventilation area according to the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet;
s30: assuming that a plurality of heat sources have the same diameter and are arranged at the same horizontal height at equal intervals, and determining the virtual polar point distance of the heat sources according to the height of the heat sources, the diameter of the heat sources and the temperature difference between the heat sources and the indoor air;
s40: determining a corresponding heat source effective entrainment constant according to the heat source entrainment constant;
s50: determining a coupling threshold according to the height difference between the indoor air outlet and the indoor air inlet, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area, the virtual polar point distance of the heat source and the effective entrainment constant of the heat source;
s60: determining the type of the heat source according to the distance between the coupling threshold and the heat source;
s70: determining the thermal stratification height according to the height difference between the indoor air outlet and the indoor air inlet, the indoor equivalent effective ventilation area, the virtual polar point distance of the heat source, the number of the heat sources of the coupling body and the effective entrainment constant of the heat source, and checking the thermal stratification height;
s80: if the checking thermal stratification height meets the preset value, determining that the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet which are supposed in the S10 are reasonable, namely the area of the indoor air outlet and the area of the indoor air inlet which are required to be obtained; and if the checking thermal stratification height does not meet the preset value, re-assuming a group of indoor air outlet areas and indoor air inlet areas, returning to S20 for re-calculation.
2. The vent design method of claim 1, wherein the indoor equivalent effective vent area a:
wherein, atIndoor air outlet area, unit: m is2；abIndoor air inlet area, unit: m is2；ctThe flow coefficient of the indoor air outlet; c. CbAnd the pressure loss coefficient of the indoor air inlet.
3. The vent design method of claim 2, wherein the heat source virtual pole distance zv：
zv＝2.1(d+2δ)
δ＝0.11At-0.1h0.7
Wherein h issHeat source height, unit: m; d. heat source diameter, unit: m; Δ t, temperature difference between heat source and indoor air, unit: DEG C; δ, heat source plume boundary layer thickness, unit: and m is selected.
4. A vent design method according to claim 3, wherein the heat source effective entrainment constant Ceff：
Wherein C, heat source entrainment constant, alphaeffAnd the effective entrainment coefficient of the heat source.
5. The vent design method of claim 1, wherein the coupling threshold xT：
Wherein HLLower thermal stratification height limit, unit: m; H. height difference between indoor air outlet and indoor air inlet, unit: m; alpha is alphaeffEffective entrainment coefficient of heat source, zvVirtual pole pitch of heat source, unit: m; alpha, heat source entrainment coefficient, pi, physical constant.
6. The ventilation design method of claim 5, wherein the number of heat sources is n, the distance between two adjacent heat sources is x, and x is less than or equal to xTWhen the heat sources are coupled body heat sources, the two adjacent heat sources are non-coupled body heat sources, and the number n of the coupled body heat sources in the n heat sources is determined1。
7. The vent design method of claim 6, wherein the thermal stratification height is:
when n is1When the content of the organic acid is more than or equal to 1,
when n is1When the content is equal to 0, the content,
wherein, n, heat source number, unit: a plurality of; n is1The number of heat sources of the coupling body, unit: and (4) respectively.
8. The ventilation design method of claim 1, wherein the preset value in S80 is 2 m.
9. The ventilation design method of claim 1, wherein in S10, the values of the indoor air outlet area and the indoor air inlet area are assumed to be in the range of 0.5% to 3% of the indoor building area.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0911588A1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-04-28 | Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires | Process and device for confinement using thermal stratification |
| WO2018159873A1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | (사)아이비에스코리아 | Integrated evaluation diagnosis method for building energy |
| CN111985026A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-24 | 西安建筑科技大学 | High-efficiency natural ventilation design method for building based on thermal stratification height |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0911588A1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-04-28 | Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires | Process and device for confinement using thermal stratification |
| WO2018159873A1 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | (사)아이비에스코리아 | Integrated evaluation diagnosis method for building energy |
| CN111985026A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-24 | 西安建筑科技大学 | High-efficiency natural ventilation design method for building based on thermal stratification height |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 高小攀: "基于工业厂房相邻热源耦合热羽流特性的热压自然通风研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 (工程科技Ⅰ辑)》 * |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |