CN112668154A - Simulation test calculation method for evaluating periodic load carrying capacity of cable - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load current-carrying capacity of a cable. According to the method, a cable load simulation cycle is established by referring to IEC 60853-2 periodic load carrying capacity calculation standards, a cable actual laying operation condition simulation model is established based on finite element software, a periodic load carrying simulation test is carried out by setting model parameters, and change data of cable conductor temperature and cable surface temperature along with time in a carrying process is obtained, so that the periodic load carrying capacity of the cable is evaluated and the capacity increasing capacity of the high-voltage cable under the condition of periodic load carrying is optimized. The method has the advantages of low cost, small difficulty, short operation time and low risk, can obtain a better calculation result, and provides a basis for cable capacity increase under daily periodic load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of simulation of periodic load current-carrying capacity of cables, in particular to a simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load current-carrying capacity of cables.
Background
At present, generally, the continuous load carrying capacity is used as the basis for the load scheduling of the power cable, and the load current of the cable in actual operation is not fixed and changes periodically, and the shape of the daily load curve does not change greatly within a certain relatively long time period (such as one month). The response of the cable conductor temperature (i.e., insulation temperature) lags behind the change in load due to the large thermal time constant of the cable. In this case, the continuous load carrying capacity is used as the current peak value of the cable line, and the maximum conductor temperature of the cable in the whole day is lower than the long-term working temperature (90 ℃) allowed by the XLPE cable, so that the current carrying capacity of the transmission line is wasted.
If the load is controlled according to the cyclic load carrying capacity, the service life of the cable is not influenced, and the transmission capacity of the cable can be greatly improved under the condition of not increasing the line investment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simulation test calculation method for evaluating the current carrying capacity of a periodic load of a cable, which can simulate various laying environments, operation conditions and test schemes through a simulation test so as to obtain a better simulation calculation result and provide a basis for the cable capacity increase under daily periodic load.
Therefore, the invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: a simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load carrying capacity of a cable comprises the following steps:
step 1), selecting cable periodic load simulation finite element software, determining the type, model and number of test cables, obtaining the structure and size parameters of the cables to obtain a two-dimensional geometric model of the cables, and establishing the two-dimensional geometric model of the cables in an actual laying environment by combining the actual laying environment of the cables, namely a simulation test model;
step 2), establishing a cable load simulation cycle by referring to IEC 60853-2 periodic load ampacity calculation standards;
step 3), obtaining physical property parameters of the cable material according to the structure of the cable;
step 4), determining environmental parameters of a test according to the actual laying environment of the cable;
step 5), in the simulation test of the periodic load current-carrying capacity of the cable, arranging temperature probes on the cable conductor and the cable surface, and carrying out a current-carrying test;
and 6), acquiring data of the change of the conductor temperature of the cable, the surface temperature of the cable and the current along with time in the current-carrying test process, and acquiring the change rule of the conductor temperature and the surface temperature of the cable along with time in the current-carrying process by using a temperature probe arranged in the simulation test model to obtain the change rule of the current along with time.
In the simulation test calculation, any time point and different observation point positions of the cable can be selected in the simulation test model, and the change process of the cable along with the time can be obtained.
Further, in step 1), the cable periodic load simulation finite element software is Comsol Multiphysics finite element analysis software.
Further, in step 2), the establishment of the cable load simulation cycle is realized by setting a piecewise function or a periodic function in the cable periodic load simulation finite element software.
Further, in step 3), the physical parameters of the cable material include material properties of the conductor, material properties of the semiconductive layer, material properties of the insulating layer, material properties of the water blocking buffer layer, material properties of the metal sheath, and material properties of the outer sheath.
Further, in step 3), the material properties include six parameters of thermal conductivity, constant-pressure heat capacity, electrical conductivity, material density, relative permittivity and relative permeability of the material, and can be modified.
Further, in step 1), the structural parameters of the cable include the dimensional parameters of the cable structure, and the structural parameters and the material property parameters thereof can be modified.
Furthermore, based on an electromagnetic-thermal-flow multi-physical field coupling model, the electromagnetic induction law and the heat transfer law are applied to a simulation test calculation method, the periodic load carrying condition of the cable can be truly reproduced, and simulation data have high accuracy.
Further, in the step 4), the environmental parameters of the test include an arrangement method of the cables, an initial environmental temperature, a convective heat transfer coefficient and a thermal conductivity coefficient.
Further, the arrangement method of the cables comprises the following steps of parallel close-fitting laying in the same plane, parallel equal-interval laying and triangular close-fitting laying.
Further, in step 5), during a current-carrying test, a vector magnetic bit a is introduced according to maxwell's equation set, and for a current region where an external excitation source exists, a control equation of the magnetic vector bit is as follows:
the governing equation for the magnetic vector bit for the non-current region is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is a vector differential operator, mu is the permeability (H/m) of the material; a is vector magnetic potential; sigma is material conductivity (S/m); j. the design is a squaresFor the applied current density (A/m)2) (ii) a Omega is angular frequency (rad/s) and J is total current density (A/m)2);QvElectromagnetic losses per unit volume (J/m)3);
According to the theory of heat transfer, the differential equation of heat transfer is:
wherein, λ is medium thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)); t issIs the solid medium temperature (K); q is the heat generation rate per unit volume (J/m) of the medium3)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the method gives full play to the advantages of the simulation analysis method, can accurately calculate the data of the cable periodic load current-carrying capacity in the simulation test process, such as the conductor temperature, the cable surface temperature, the load current and the like, which change along with time, and further can evaluate the cable periodic load current-carrying capacity and optimize the capacity-increasing capacity of the high-voltage cable under the condition of periodic load current-carrying; 2. the invention overcomes the problems of high cost, high difficulty, long test period, certain risk and the like of the current-carrying test of the periodic load of the actual cable, can obtain a better calculation result and provides a basis for the capacity increase of the cable under the daily periodic load; 3. the invention can simulate various cable running conditions, laying environments and test schemes, and can flexibly modify simulation test model parameters, cable material parameters, arrangement methods among cables and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention and compare the technical solutions with the technical solutions in the background art, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions in the background art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention in the following description are only a part of the embodiments, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a simulation test for evaluating the periodic load carrying capacity of a cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a simulation geometric model of a cable built by using finite element software and under a soil laying condition according to the invention;
fig. 3 shows a graph of cable conductor temperature versus time obtained with the temperature probe of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments of the present invention are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load current-carrying capacity of a cable, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, selecting cable periodic load simulation finite element software, determining the type, model and number of test cables, acquiring structural parameters of the cables, determining the actual laying operation environment of the high-voltage cables, and establishing a simulation test model of the actual laying operation condition of the cables;
based on Commol Multiphysics finite element analysis software, the type and model of a test cable and the test quantity are determined, and the structure and dimension parameters of the cable are obtained to obtain a two-dimensional geometric model of the cable. And establishing a two-dimensional geometric model, namely a simulation test model, of the high-voltage power cable in the actual laying environment by combining the actual cable laying operation environment.
Step 2, establishing a cable load simulation cycle by referring to IEC 60853-2 periodic load ampacity calculation standards;
and simulating the daily cycle load typical working condition, and determining the load carrying cycle change and time.
Step 3, obtaining physical property parameters of the cable material according to the actual structure of the cable; obtaining the material property of a conductor, the material property of a semi-conducting layer, the material property of an insulating layer, the material property of a water-blocking buffer layer, the material property of a metal sleeve, the material property of an outer sheath and the like;
the material properties of the conductor, the material properties of the semi-conducting layer, the material properties of the insulating layer, the material properties of the water-blocking buffer layer, the material properties of the metal sleeve and the material properties of the outer sheath comprise six parameters of the thermal conductivity, constant-voltage heat capacity, electric conductivity, material density, relative dielectric constant and relative magnetic permeability of the material.
Step 4, determining environmental parameters of a test according to the actual laying environment of the cable;
the method comprises the steps of determining the arrangement method of the cables, the initial environment temperature, the convective heat transfer coefficient, the heat conduction coefficient and the like.
in a simulation test system of the periodic load current-carrying capacity of the cable, a current-carrying test is carried out by arranging a temperature probe on a conductor, the surface of the cable and the like.
Step 6, acquiring data of the change of conductor temperature, cable surface temperature and current magnitude along with time in the current carrying process;
and calculating the change rule of the conductor temperature, the cable surface temperature and the like along with time in the current carrying process by using a temperature probe arranged in the simulation test model system to obtain the change rule of the current along with time.
In order to further clarify the technique of the present invention, the following preferred embodiments are described.
For the step 1, mainly determining the type and model of a test cable and the test quantity based on Comsol Multiphysics finite element analysis software, acquiring the structure and size parameters of the cable, and establishing a two-dimensional geometric model, namely a simulation test model, laid by the high-voltage power cable in an actual environment;
this step can be implemented in the following way:
firstly, taking YJLW 03-Z64/1101 x 1600 model cables as an example, establishing a cable buried laying and soil calculation domain; the cable body comprises conductor, conductor shielding layer, insulating shielding layer, the buffer layer that blocks water, metallic aluminum sheath, oversheath respectively, and dimensional parameter is as shown in table 1, and the equidistant one time external diameter of three-phase lays. Engineering experience shows that: usually, the heat conduction effect is negligible in the place 2m above the cable, a soil calculation domain with the width of 6m and the depth of 2.5m is established by using finite element simulation software Comsol Multiphysics, the bottom boundary of the soil is constant in temperature, the left boundary and the right boundary are thermally insulated, and the cable carries out heat convection with air through the upper boundary of the soil, as shown in FIG. 2.
TABLE 1 YJLW 03-Z64/1101X 1600 model cable size table
Serial number | Name (R) | Size (mm) |
1 | Outer diameter of conductor | 48.8 |
2 | Thickness of conductor shielding layer | 1.5 |
3 | Thickness of insulating layer | 16 |
4 | Thickness of insulating shielding layer | 1 |
5 | Thickness of water-blocking buffer layer | 2.53 |
6 | Thickness of metallic aluminum sheath | 3.9 |
7 | Thickness of outer sheath | 10.1 |
Secondly, mesh generation is carried out by using a free triangle; carrying out refined mesh subdivision on the internal structure area of the cable, and carrying out coarsening mesh subdivision on other areas of the soil;
the matching degree of the grid division and the calculation target and the quality of the grid determine the quality of the finite element calculation in the later period.
And 2, establishing a cable load simulation cycle mainly by referring to the IEC 60853-2 periodic load ampacity calculation standard, and realizing by setting a piecewise function or a periodic function in finite element software.
Example a cable is applied for 0.5I, 2h followed by 1.2I, 1h, which is a cycle; the load was applied in this cycle until the conductor temperature reached 90 c, and the load current value I applied in the example was 1200A.
For the step 3, the physical property parameters of the cable material are obtained mainly according to the actual structure of the cable; the method comprises the steps of obtaining material attributes of a conductor, semi-conducting layer material attributes, insulating layer material attributes, water blocking buffer layer material attributes, metal sleeve material attributes, outer sheath material attributes and the like.
The material properties of the conductor, the material properties of the semi-conducting layer, the material properties of the insulating layer, the material properties of the metal sleeve and the material properties of the outer sheath comprise six parameters of the thermal conductivity coefficient, constant-voltage heat capacity, electric conductivity, material density, relative dielectric constant and relative magnetic conductivity of the material, and can be measured by corresponding instruments or obtained by manufacturer data. The material parameters used in this example are shown in table 2.
Table 2 cable material property table
And 4, determining the environmental parameters of the test mainly according to the actual laying environment of the cable. And setting environmental parameters of the simulation test according to the environmental standard of the actual test, and determining the arrangement method, the initial environmental temperature, the convective heat transfer coefficient, the heat conductivity coefficient and the like of the cable.
In the embodiment, a single soil direct-burial laying mode is adopted, the air temperature is set to be 22 ℃, the deep soil temperature is set to be 20 ℃, and the temperature can be measured by a thermometer; the convective heat transfer coefficient of the cable passing through the upper boundary of the soil and the air is 6W/(m)2K), the heat transfer in the soil adopts a heat conduction mode, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.833W/(m.K), and the heat coefficient can be obtained through an experimental method.
For step 5, mainly cable periodic load current-carrying simulation; in a simulation test system of the periodic load current-carrying capacity of the cable, a current-carrying test is carried out by arranging a temperature probe on a conductor, the surface of the cable and the like.
In the embodiment, 0.5I and 2h are applied to the cable, then 1.2I and 1h of circulating current are applied, a plurality of calculation coupling probes are adopted for monitoring the temperature of the conductor, the surface of the cable and the like, and the temperature change of the cable at every moment can be obtained by adopting a transient research method. The control equation can be written as follows:
according to the Maxwell equation system, vector magnetic bit A is introduced, and for a current region with an external excitation source, the control equation of the magnetic vector bit is as follows:
the governing equation for the magnetic vector bit for the non-current region is:
wherein μ is the material permeability (H/m); a is vector magnetic potential; sigma is material conductivity (S/m); j. the design is a squaresFor the applied current density (A/m)2) (ii) a Omega is angular frequency (rad/s) and J is total current density (A/m)2);QvElectromagnetic losses per unit volume (J/m)3)。
According to the theory of heat transfer, the differential equation of heat transfer is:
wherein, λ is medium thermal conductivity (W/(m.K)); t issIs the solid medium temperature (K); q is the heat generation rate per unit volume (J/m) of the medium3)。
And 6, mainly obtaining the change rule of the conductor temperature, the cable surface temperature and the current magnitude along with time in the current carrying process by using the set temperature probe after the simulation calculation is finished.
The cable conductor temperature and the skin temperature in the examples were plotted in chronological order by extracting the retention values of the temperature probes, and the periodic variation curves with load are shown in fig. 3. And analyzing the temperature condition of the cable in multiple directions according to the obtained data to obtain the periodic load carrying capacity of the cable and improve the capacity-increasing capacity of the cable.
To the disclosed embodiments. The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load carrying capacity of a cable is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), selecting cable periodic load simulation finite element software, determining the type, model and number of test cables, obtaining the structure and size parameters of the cables to obtain a two-dimensional geometric model of the cables, and establishing the two-dimensional geometric model of the cables in an actual laying environment by combining the actual laying environment of the cables, namely a simulation test model;
step 2), establishing a cable load simulation cycle by referring to IEC 60853-2 periodic load ampacity calculation standards;
step 3), obtaining physical property parameters of the cable material according to the structure of the cable;
step 4), determining environmental parameters of a test according to the actual laying environment of the cable;
step 5), in the simulation test of the periodic load current-carrying capacity of the cable, arranging temperature probes on the cable conductor and the cable surface, and carrying out a current-carrying test;
and 6), acquiring data of the change of the conductor temperature of the cable, the surface temperature of the cable and the current along with time in the current-carrying test process, and acquiring the change rule of the conductor temperature and the surface temperature of the cable along with time in the current-carrying process by using a temperature probe arranged in the simulation test model to obtain the change rule of the current along with time.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the simulation finite element software for cable periodic load simulation is Comsol Multiphysics finite element analysis software.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the establishment of the cable loading simulation cycle is implemented by setting a piecewise function or a periodic function in cable periodic loading simulation finite element software.
4. The simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load carrying capacity of the cable according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the physical parameters of the cable material comprise material properties of a conductor, material properties of a semi-conducting layer, material properties of an insulating layer, material properties of a water blocking buffer layer, material properties of a metal sleeve and material properties of an outer sheath.
5. The calculation method of simulation test for evaluating the cyclic load carrying capacity of cable according to claim 4, wherein in step 3), the material properties comprise six parameters of thermal conductivity, constant pressure heat capacity, electrical conductivity, material density, relative permittivity and relative permeability of the material, and can be modified.
6. The calculation method of the simulation test for evaluating the periodic load carrying capacity of the cable according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the structural parameters of the cable comprise the dimensional parameters of the cable structure, and the structural parameters and the material property parameters can be modified.
7. The simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load carrying capacity of the cable according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic induction law and the heat transfer theorem are applied to the simulation test calculation method based on the electromagnetic-heat-flow multi-physical field coupling model.
8. The simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load current carrying capacity of the cable according to claim 7, wherein in the step 5), during the current carrying test, a vector magnetic potential A is introduced according to Maxwell's equations, and for a current region with an external excitation source, the control equation of the magnetic vector potential is as follows:
the governing equation for the magnetic vector bit for the non-current region is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,is a vector differential operator, mu is the magnetic conductivity of the material, H/m; a is vector magnetic potential; sigma is the material conductivity, S/m; j. the design is a squaresFor applied current density, A/m2(ii) a Omega is angular frequency, rad/s; j is the total current density, A/m2;QvIs the electromagnetic loss per unit volume, J/m3;
According to the theory of heat transfer, the differential equation of heat transfer is:
wherein, lambda is the medium heat conductivity coefficient, W/(m.K); t issIs the solid medium temperature, K; q is the heat generation rate per unit volume of the medium, J/m3。
9. The simulation test calculation method for evaluating the periodic load carrying capacity of the cable according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the tested environmental parameters comprise an arrangement method of the cable, an initial environmental temperature, a convective heat transfer coefficient and a heat conduction coefficient.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the cables are arranged in parallel in a planar manner, in a parallel manner at equal intervals, and in a triangular manner.
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