CN112665680B - Small hydropower station front cell water level measuring method and measuring system - Google Patents
Small hydropower station front cell water level measuring method and measuring system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for measuring the water level of a small hydropower station front pool, which comprises the following steps: a lightning protection type front pool water level sensor is selected and installed in a drilled steel pipe and connected with a front pool water level acquisition terminal through a lightning protection device; collecting a front pool water level data set containing alpha moments and weather forecast information sets corresponding to the moments; performing correlation analysis of the front pool water level and weather forecast information, and obtaining a front pool water level prediction model by using SVM training on the variables with the top two ranks of correlation coefficients; acquiring the water level data of the front pool at the g moment in real time, and obtaining a water level predicted value of the front pool at the corresponding moment through a water level predicted model of the front pool according to the real-time weather forecast information at the corresponding moment; and determining forehearth water level data at the g moment; the method solves the technical problems that whether the data is abnormal or whether the data quality meets the operation requirement cannot be judged in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydropower operation and dispatch control, and particularly relates to a method and a system for measuring the water level of a small hydropower front cell.
Background
Hydropower is the most widely used renewable energy source. In order to ensure sustainable development and operation of hydropower and to seek a balance between economic, social development and environmental protection, a "green hydropower" concept has been developed. Under the strong supervision of environmental protection policy support and regulatory authorities, hydropower can become an important renewable energy technology, and makes beneficial contribution to rural electrification, sustainable industrial development of social inclusion, reduction of greenhouse gas emission, forest deforestation and other aspects. The water energy resource is utilized to the maximum extent and more effectively, the strategic significance can be realized on the adjustment of the energy structure, a series of environmental problems brought to the society by the use of fossil energy can be relieved, and the world economy is promoted to develop better. Therefore, hydropower should be incorporated into national plans of various countries, and development and utilization of hydropower are put at the first place of current energy planning work, so that sustainable green energy development is realized.
The small hydropower stations are clean and renewable green energy sources, thousands of rivers are primarily treated by developing the small hydropower stations and building rural electrification, the total reservoir capacity of the small hydropower stations reaches billions of cubic meters, the flood control capacity of the rivers is effectively improved, and ecological and agricultural production conditions are improved; therefore, it is important to solve the problem that the access of small hydropower stations to a power grid affects the operation of the system.
Because the small hydropower stations mostly belong to small hydropower stations with small installed capacity and poor adjustable capacity, the characteristics of frequent rush-generation in the water-rich period and little stop-generation in the water-free period exist, the on-line electric quantity has extremely large uncertainty, the fluctuation range is large, and the stability and the power dispatching of the power grid are greatly influenced.
Due to geographical location limitations, the power plant forebay volume cannot be expanded. When the water supply quantity of the front pool is increased, if an operator cannot know the water level change condition of the front pool in time, the output of the unit is increased, the front pool overflows, and the economic benefit of the power station is affected. Therefore, a set of forehearth water level measuring platform is necessary to be installed, the forehearth water level change front condition of the power station is monitored in real time, and meanwhile, forehearth water level real-time data can be identified and automatically corrected, so that an operator can timely adjust the unit operation mode, the safe operation of the power station is ensured, meanwhile, the current forehearth water level sensor is located in a complex geographical position and is easily influenced by special meteorological conditions such as thunder and lightning, and in addition, a single sensor is only arranged in a general forehearth, so that whether data are abnormal or whether data quality meets operation requirements can not be judged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the utility model provides a little hydropower station front pool water level measuring method and measuring system to solve prior art and to little hydropower station front pool water level measurement adopts water level sensor's geographical position complicacy, is liable to receive the influence of special meteorological condition such as thunderbolt, and general front pool has only arranged single sensor moreover, can't judge whether data are unusual or data quality satisfies technical problem such as operation requirement.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for measuring the water level of a small hydropower station front cell comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a lightning protection type forehearth water level and liquid level sensor and installing the sensor in a drilled steel pipe;
step 2, connecting a lightning protection type forehearth water level and liquid level sensor with a forehearth water level acquisition terminal through a lightning protection device for measuring the actual forehearth water level;
step3, collecting a front pool water level data set H containing alpha moments and a weather forecast information set WE corresponding to each moment;
step 4, carrying out correlation analysis on the front pool water level and the weather forecast information through the collected front pool water level data set H and the weather forecast information set WE,
Step5, the two variables of the top two digits of the ranking of the correlation coefficient are recorded as Bκ and Bθ;
Step 6, forming a training sample set by using Bκ and Bθ variables in a front pool water level data set H and a weather forecast information set WE, and training by using SVM to obtain a front pool water level prediction model;
Step 7, collecting the water level data HRT g of the forehearth at the g moment in real time, and obtaining a water level predicted value HPR g of the forehearth at the corresponding moment by utilizing the water level predicted model of the forehearth obtained in the step 6 according to the real-time weather forecast information WERT g at the corresponding moment; and determining forebay water level data HF g at the g moment, recording the forebay water level data HF g into a storage unit of a forebay water level acquisition analysis system, and transmitting the forebay water level data HF g to a background monitoring system through an in-station measurement and control unit.
And (3) the maximum range scale Mζ meter of the lightning protection type forebay water level and liquid level sensor in the step (1) outputs 4-20mA signals.
The actual forebay water level obtaining method in step 2 is as follows: setting the water level of 0M after AD conversion as H 0, setting the water level of Mζ M after AD conversion as H Mξ, and calculating to obtain the actual forehearth water level H at the mu th moment through the measured value number H Rμ at the mu th moment μ
The forehearth water level data at the mu th moment is H μ, the weather forecast information set WE μ＝{TRμ,PRμ,HRμ,WDRμ,WSRμ,QRμ corresponding to the mu th moment, mu epsilon alpha, and each symbol represents the following meanings: temperature TR, barometric pressure PR, humidity HR, wind direction WDR, wind speed WSR, rainfall QR.
In the correlation analysis, the calculation formula of the correlation coefficient is as follows:
Wherein: r HWE is the correlation coefficient of the variables H and WE; let variable H, WE have a samples each, H i、WEi represent the ith sample of H and WE, respectively,/> Representing the average of a H, WE samples, respectively.
The method for determining the water level data of the forehearth at the g moment comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting the water level data of the forehearth at the g-th moment, comparing the water level data with the HRT g-1 at the last moment, calculating epsilon g, wherein the calculation formula is as follows If epsilon g is more than 0.2, judging that the measured value is abnormal, and entering 2); if ε g <0.2, go to 3);
2) Epsilon g is more than 0.2, directly obtaining a forehearth water level predicted value HPR g at a corresponding moment by a forehearth water level prediction model, and taking the forehearth water level predicted value HPR g as forehearth water level data HF g at a g moment;
3) Epsilon g <0.2, comparing the forehearth water level data HRT g acquired at the g moment in real time with a forehearth water level predicted value HPR g obtained by a forehearth water level predicted model at the corresponding moment, calculating phi g, wherein the calculation formula is that If phi g is less than 0.1, the forehearth water level data at the g-th moment/>If phi g is more than 0.1, the forehearth water level data HF g＝ΩHRTg+ΞHPRg at the g-th moment is represented by omega and xi as weight coefficients, and omega+Xi=1.
A small hydropower front cell water level measurement system comprising: the lightning-proof front pool water level and liquid level sensor is connected with the front pool water level acquisition terminal through a lightning-proof device; the front pool water level acquisition terminal is connected with the front pool water level acquisition analysis system; the forehearth water level acquisition and analysis system is connected with the in-station measurement and control unit.
And the in-station measurement and control unit is connected with the background monitoring system.
The front pool water level acquisition terminal comprises a central processing unit, and the lightning protection device is connected with the central processing unit through an AD conversion module; the central processing unit is connected with the display touch screen; the central processing unit is connected with the front pool water level acquisition and analysis system through the analog quantity output module, the soft message output module and the relay output alarm module.
The front pool water level acquisition terminal is powered through an external power supply and photovoltaic.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
According to the invention, an output sampling value is converted into a real-time monitoring water level through a front pool water level acquisition terminal by arranging a lightning protection front pool water level liquid level sensor, a front pool water level prediction model is trained by utilizing a historic front pool water level data set and a historic weather information set, comparison, judgment and data processing are carried out through the front pool water level information acquired in real time and a front pool water level prediction value obtained according to real-time weather prediction information, final real-time front pool water level data are obtained, the final real-time front pool water level data are recorded into a storage unit of a front pool water level acquisition and analysis system and are transmitted to a background monitoring system through an in-station measurement and control unit, so that the technical problems that the front pool water level sensor is arranged in a remote mountain area, the geographical position is complex, the influence of special weather conditions such as lightning is not prevented, the measurement error is easily caused by the influence of front pool water level, the problem that the data abnormality and the error is large due to the fact that the front pool water level is generally caused by the fact that a single sensor is sampled is considered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front pool water level acquisition terminal structure.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
The method for measuring the water level of the small hydropower station front cell mainly comprises the following steps:
step 1 selects a lightning protection type forebay water level liquid level sensor and is installed in a drilled steel pipe so as to solve the problems that the forebay water level sensor is arranged in a remote mountain area, the geographic position is complex, the influence of special meteorological conditions such as lightning protection is avoided, and meanwhile, the measurement error is easily caused by the influence of forebay water movement.
And 2, selecting a maximum range scale Mζ meter of the sensor according to actual conditions by the lightning protection type forebay water level and liquid level sensor, wherein an output signal is 4-20mA.
Step 3 lightning protection type front pool water level liquid level sensor is connected with a front pool water level acquisition terminal through a lightning protection device and is used for avoiding lightning stroke to cause the sensor and the front pool water level acquisition terminal, meanwhile, the sensor transmits an output 4-20mA signal to an AD conversion module of the front pool water level acquisition terminal to be used for realizing analog-to-digital conversion, and the analog-to-digital conversion is converted into actual front pool water level and transmitted to a front pool water level acquisition analysis system.
The method for converting the sensor output signal into the actual forehearth water level is as follows:
The water level of 0M after AD conversion is H 0, the water level of Mζ M after AD conversion is H Mξ, and the actual forehearth water level H μ at the mu th moment is obtained through the calculation of the following formula by the measured value number H Rμ at the current mu th moment.
And 4, utilizing the front pool water level data set H containing alpha moments obtained in the step 3 and the weather forecast information set WE corresponding to each moment.
The forehearth water level data at the mu-th moment is H μ, and the weather forecast information set WE μ＝{TRμ,PRμ,HRμ,WDRμ,WSRμ,QRμ corresponding to the mu-th moment. Wherein μ εα.
Wherein each symbol represents the following meaning: temperature TR, barometric pressure PR, humidity HR, wind direction WDR, wind speed WSR, rainfall QR.
And 5, carrying out correlation analysis on the front pool water level and the weather forecast information based on the front pool water level data set H and the weather forecast information set WE acquired in the step 4.
The correlation coefficient is calculated by the following formula:
wherein: r HWE is the correlation coefficient of the variables H and WE. The correlation coefficient is above 0.8, and the variables are considered to have strong correlation; the correlation coefficient is between 0.3 and 0.8, and the variables are considered to be weakly correlated; below 0.3, the variables are considered to have no correlation. Let variable H, WE have a samples each, H i、WEi represent the ith sample of H and WE, respectively. /(I) Representing the average of a H, WE samples, respectively.
The two variables with the top two digits of the correlation coefficient ranking between the front pool water level data set H and 6 variables of the weather forecast information set WE are recorded as Bkappa and Btheta.
And 6, forming a training sample set by using the front pool water level data set H and the Bκ and Bθ in the weather forecast information set WE in the step 4, and obtaining a front pool water level prediction model by using SVM training.
And 7, acquiring the water level data HRT g of the forehearth at the g-th moment in real time, and obtaining a water level predicted value HPR g of the forehearth at the corresponding moment by using the water level predicted model of the forehearth obtained in the step 6 according to the real-time weather forecast information WERT g of the corresponding moment. And judging and determining the water level data HF g of the forehearth at the g moment, recording the water level data HF g of the forehearth into a storage unit of a water level acquisition and analysis system of the forehearth, and transmitting the water level data HF g of the forehearth to a background monitoring system through an in-station measurement and control unit.
The judging and determining method of the forehearth water level data at the g moment is as follows:
1) Collecting the water level data of the forehearth at the g-th moment, comparing the water level data with the HRT g-1 at the last moment, calculating epsilon g, wherein the calculation formula is as follows If epsilon g is more than 0.2, judging that the measured value is abnormal, and entering 2); if ε g <0.2, go to 3).
2) Epsilon g is more than 0.2, directly obtaining a forehearth water level predicted value HPR g at a corresponding moment by a forehearth water level prediction model, and taking the forehearth water level predicted value HPR g as forehearth water level data HF g at a g moment;
3) Epsilon g <0.2, comparing the forehearth water level data HRT g acquired at the g moment in real time with a forehearth water level predicted value HPR g obtained by a forehearth water level predicted model at the corresponding moment, calculating phi g, wherein the calculation formula is that If phi g is less than 0.1, the forehearth water level data at the g-th moment/>If phi g is more than 0.1, the forehearth water level data HF g＝ΩHRTg+ΞHPRg at the g moment, wherein omega and xi are weight coefficients and omega+Xi=1
A small hydropower station front pool water level measuring system comprises a lightning protection type front pool water level liquid level sensor, a lightning protection device, a front pool water level acquisition terminal, an external power supply, a photovoltaic super capacitor group, a front pool water level acquisition analysis system, an in-station measurement and control unit and a background monitoring system.
The lightning protection type front pool water level sensor is arranged in a drilled steel pipe and is arranged in the small hydropower front pool and used for collecting water level information of the small hydropower front pool and outputting 4-20mA signals.
The lightning protection device is connected with the lightning protection type forebay water level and liquid level sensor and is used for protecting the lightning protection type forebay water level and liquid level sensor from being damaged by lightning stroke.
The front pool water level acquisition terminal and the lightning protection device are used for receiving 4-20mA signals output by the sensor, performing analog-digital conversion and data processing, and transmitting the data to the front pool water level acquisition analysis system. And the power supply is connected with an external power supply and used as a main power supply of the front pool water level acquisition terminal. And the power supply is connected with the photovoltaic super capacitor group and used as a standby power supply of the front pool water level acquisition terminal.
The small hydropower station front cell water level acquisition terminal comprises a central processing unit, an AD conversion module, a relay alarm output module, a soft message output module, an acquisition analog quantity output module, a display touch screen, a first isolation transformer, a first switching power supply, a second isolation transformer and a second switching power supply.
The central processing unit is used for automatically calculating a real-time water level value according to the set parameter (the measuring range, the corresponding value of the water level of 0 meter after AD conversion and the corresponding value of the water level of the maximum measuring range after AD conversion) information.
The AD conversion module is 12 bits, and the input information is a sensor sampling value of 4-20 mA.
The display touch screen is used for displaying the content such as water level information, parameter setting, alarm information and the like acquired in real time.
The relay alarm output module is used for outputting an alarm hard contact signal in the small hydropower station front cell water level acquisition terminal;
the soft message output module is used for outputting soft message signals in the small water front water level acquisition terminal;
the acquisition analog quantity output module is used for outputting the calculated real-time water level value;
The first isolation transformer and the first switching power supply are used for converting an external power supply into a main power supply of the front pool water level acquisition terminal;
the second isolation transformer and the second switching power supply are used for converting the photovoltaic super capacitor group into a standby power supply of the front pool water level acquisition terminal.
The front pool water level acquisition and analysis system is connected with the in-station measurement and control unit and is used for transmitting the real-time front pool water level information, relay alarm information and soft message information which are judged and corrected to the in-station measurement and control unit, and the information is transmitted to the background monitoring system for display and alarm, so that reference is made for power station operators.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring the water level of a small hydropower station front cell comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a lightning protection type forehearth water level and liquid level sensor and installing the sensor in a drilled steel pipe;
step 2, connecting a lightning protection type forehearth water level and liquid level sensor with a forehearth water level acquisition terminal through a lightning protection device for measuring the actual forehearth water level;
step3, collecting a front pool water level data set H containing alpha moments and a weather forecast information set WE corresponding to each moment;
step 4, carrying out correlation analysis on the front pool water level and the weather forecast information through the collected front pool water level data set H and the weather forecast information set WE,
Step5, the two variables of the top two digits of the ranking of the correlation coefficient are recorded as Bκ and Bθ;
Step 6, forming a training sample set by using Bκ and Bθ variables in a front pool water level data set H and a weather forecast information set WE, and training by using SVM to obtain a front pool water level prediction model;
Step 7, collecting the water level data HRT g of the forehearth at the g moment in real time, and obtaining a water level predicted value HPR g of the forehearth at the corresponding moment by utilizing the water level predicted model of the forehearth obtained in the step 6 according to the real-time weather forecast information WERT g at the corresponding moment; determining front pool water level data HF g at the g moment, recording the front pool water level data HF g into a storage unit of a front pool water level acquisition and analysis system, and transmitting the front pool water level data HF g to a background monitoring system through an in-station measurement and control unit; the method for determining the water level data of the forehearth at the g moment comprises the following steps:
1) Collecting the water level data of the forehearth at the g-th moment, comparing the water level data with the HRT g-1 at the last moment, calculating epsilon g, wherein the calculation formula is as follows If epsilon g is more than 0.2, judging that the measured value is abnormal, and entering 2); if ε g <0.2, go to 3);
2) Epsilon g is more than 0.2, directly obtaining a forehearth water level predicted value HPR g at a corresponding moment by a forehearth water level prediction model, and taking the forehearth water level predicted value HPR g as forehearth water level data HF g at a g moment;
3) Epsilon g <0.2, comparing the forehearth water level data HRT g acquired at the g moment in real time with a forehearth water level predicted value HPR g obtained by a forehearth water level predicted model at the corresponding moment, calculating phi g, wherein the calculation formula is that If phi g is less than 0.1, the forehearth water level data at the g-th moment/>If phi g is more than 0.1, the forehearth water level data HF g＝ΩHRTg+ΞHPRg at the g-th moment is represented by omega and xi as weight coefficients, and omega+Xi=1.
2. The method for measuring the water level of a small water cell front cell according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the maximum range scale Mζ meter of the lightning protection type forebay water level and liquid level sensor in the step (1) outputs 4-20mA signals.
3. The method for measuring the water level of a small water cell front cell according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the actual forebay water level obtaining method in step 2 is as follows: setting the water level of 0M after AD conversion as H 0, setting the water level of Mζ M after AD conversion as H Mξ, and calculating to obtain the actual forehearth water level H at the mu th moment through the measured value number H Rμ at the mu th moment μ
4. A method for measuring the water level of a small water cell according to claim 3, wherein: the forehearth water level data at the mu th moment is H μ, the weather forecast information set WE μ＝{TRμ,PRμ,HRμ,WDRμ,WSRμ,QRμ corresponding to the mu th moment, mu epsilon alpha, and each symbol represents the following meanings: temperature TR, barometric pressure PR, humidity HR, wind direction WDR, wind speed WSR, rainfall QR.
5. The method for measuring the water level of a small water cell front cell according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the correlation analysis, the calculation formula of the correlation coefficient is as follows:
wherein:
r HWE is the correlation coefficient of the variables H and WE; let variable H, WE have a samples each, H i、WEi represent the ith sample of H and WE, respectively, Representing the average of a H, WE samples, respectively.
6. The method for measuring the water level of a small water cell front cell according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the in-station measurement and control unit is connected with the background monitoring system.
7. The method for measuring the water level of a small water cell front cell according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the front pool water level acquisition terminal comprises a central processing unit, and the lightning protection device is connected with the central processing unit through an AD conversion module; the central processing unit is connected with the display touch screen; the central processing unit is connected with the front pool water level acquisition and analysis system through the analog quantity output module, the soft message output module and the relay output alarm module.
8. The method for measuring the water level of a small water cell front cell according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the front pool water level acquisition terminal is powered through an external power supply and photovoltaic.
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| CN201490690U (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2010-05-26 | 李进昌 | Liquid level lightening-protection isolation system |
| CN101819407A (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2010-09-01 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Sewage pump station water level prediction method base on neural network |
| CN102359785A (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2012-02-22 | 广西远长公路桥梁工程有限公司 | Method for automatically generating virtual navigation mark on electronic navigation channel chart according to water level change |
| CN102707699A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-03 | 新疆额尔齐斯河流域开发工程建设管理局 | Unattended reservoir water supply and management system |
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| CN106338316A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-01-18 | 山东金米尔仪器科技有限公司 | Level Gauge and Remote Measurement System Used for Reservoir Water Level Measurement |
| CN110165248A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-23 | 湖北工业大学 | Fault-tolerant control method for air supply system of fuel cell engine |
| CN110637764A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-01-03 | 江苏大学 | Method for accurately determining feeding amount for river crab culture |
| CN110460117A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-15 | 湖南江河机电自动化设备股份有限公司 | A kind of middle small plant's intelligent optimization electricity generation system |
| CN111831966A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-10-27 | 中山大学 | Combined river water level forecasting method based on high-dimensional probability distribution function |
| CN111929227A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-13 | 长沙开元仪器有限公司 | Switching method, device and equipment of infrared detection pool and storage medium |
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