CN112664227B - Rock burst control method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a rock burst control method, and relates to the technical field of mines. The invention aims to reduce the rock burst received by the supporting structure and improve the capability of the supporting structure for resisting the rock burst. The rock burst prevention and control method comprises the following steps: generating a high-frequency alternating current signal through an ultrasonic transmitter so as to drive an ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves; when reaching the target rock, the ultrasonic wave is consistent with the resonance frequency of the rock, and the resonance phenomenon of the rock is induced; forming a broken rock ring containing a large number of cracks around the roadway by utilizing the resonance phenomenon of the target rock; and buffering and absorbing part of energy transferred by rock burst by utilizing the broken rock circles formed on the periphery of the roadway. The method is suitable for roadway support of coal mines.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mines. In particular to a rock burst control method.
Background
In deep underground mining or in areas with high structural stress, rock burst sometimes occurs, the rock burst is also called rock burst, and is a phenomenon that rock is broken in a brittle manner like explosion and generates air wave impact due to sudden and violent release of strain energy accumulated by rock in the face of the sky, and currently, commonly applicable supporting structures comprise anchor belt net supporting structures, shed frames and other structures, but the supporting structures can only meet the supporting requirements of a roadway in a normal state, and are difficult to resist short-time strong impact load generated by rock burst, so accidents and casualties are often caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiment of the application provides a rock burst prevention and control method, which can reduce the rock burst received by the supporting structure and improve the capability of the supporting structure for resisting the rock burst.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:
the embodiment of the application provides a rock burst control method, which comprises the following steps: supporting a special placement device for the ultrasonic transmitter in a roadway; placing the ultrasonic transmitter on a special placing device, and matching with the inner wall of the roadway through an ultrasonic transducer; generating a high-frequency alternating current signal through an ultrasonic transmitter so as to drive an ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves; making the ultrasonic wave coincide with the resonance frequency of the target rock when reaching the rock; inducing the rock to generate resonance phenomenon by using excitation, namely, the frequency of waves acting on the target rock is consistent with the resonance frequency of the target rock; subjecting the target rock to cyclic loading by sustaining resonance phenomena of the target rock; utilizing the continuous action of cyclic load to enable the target rock to be crushed under the fatigue accumulated damage to form a broken rock ring containing a large number of cracks; and buffering and absorbing part of energy transferred by rock burst by utilizing the broken rock circles formed on the periphery of the roadway.
According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present application, subjecting the target rock to cyclic loading by sustaining resonance phenomena of the target rock includes: continuously transmitting ultrasonic waves through accumulation to continuously maintain the resonance phenomenon of the target rock; and detecting the generation of the breaking belt by using a geological radar until the breaking of the target rock meets the requirement, and stopping transmitting ultrasonic waves.
According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present application, causing the ultrasonic waves to coincide with the resonant frequency of the target rock when the ultrasonic waves reach the rock comprises: detecting lithology of the formation by ultra-deep drilling; transmitting the acquired relevant parameters of the lithology of the stratum into numerical simulation software of a computer, constructing a numerical model of the stratum based on the relevant parameters of the lithology, and analyzing the transmission and descending rule of waves in the stratum by a numerical simulation method, thereby reversing the transmission and descending rule of the waves in the field stratum; according to lithology of stratum and the obtained wave transmission and descending rule, sequentially transmitting waves with different frequencies into the stratum in numerical simulation software, thereby obtaining a wave which is attenuated to the target rock and has the frequency just equal to the resonance frequency of the rock, namely the initial frequency of ultrasonic waves; the ultrasonic wave with high frequency wave occupation and low frequency wave occupation is input into the rock; the characteristic that the high-frequency wave is reduced faster than the low-frequency wave when the wave continuously propagates in the rock is utilized, so that the low-frequency wave takes the dominant role when the wave reaches the target rock; wherein the dominant low frequency wave comprises a first low frequency wave with a frequency required for resonance with the rock.
According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present application, detecting the relevant lithology of the formation by ultra-deep drilling includes: the rock sample with the length deeper than the position of the target rock is detected by ultra-deep drilling; testing the physical and mechanical properties of the rock sample and the occurrence of structural surfaces therein; and meanwhile, the natural frequency of the target rock, namely the resonance frequency, is obtained by using a natural frequency tester to test the rock sample.
According to a specific implementation of an embodiment of the present application, after a fixed time, detecting the generation of the fracture zone using the geological radar until the fracture of the target rock meets the requirements, stopping the emission of the ultrasonic waves comprises: taking out a complete rock sample obtained by ultra-deep drilling, and applying the resonance frequency of the complete rock sample to target rock to break the rock; recording the time at which the target rock breaks at its resonant frequency; detecting the breaking condition of target rocks outside a roadway by using a geological radar in the roadway; and stopping transmitting ultrasonic waves when the geological radar detects that the formation condition of the broken belt is good.
According to a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, placing the ultrasonic transmitter on the special placement device and fitting the ultrasonic transducer with the inner wall of the roadway comprises: 4 ultrasonic transmitters are arranged on the special ultrasonic transmitter placing device along the section of the roadway in a Chinese character 'Tian' shape, and one ultrasonic transmitter is arranged at the top end of the special ultrasonic transmitter placing device along the central line; the ultrasonic transmitter is electrically connected with the ultrasonic transducer towards the inner wall of the roadway; the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the inner wall of the roadway by using an adhesive special for ultrasonic equipment.
According to the rock burst control method, the ultrasonic wave is emitted to trigger the target rock to generate resonance phenomenon, so that the target rock is crushed, and a crushed rock ring is formed. And then, the broken rock rings are utilized to buffer and absorb part of energy transferred by the rock burst, so that compared with the existing supporting structure which is directly used for bearing the rock burst, the rock burst borne by the supporting structure is reduced, and the capability of the supporting structure for resisting the rock burst is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a roadway and surrounding strata according to an embodiment of a rock burst control method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a placement device dedicated to an ultrasonic transmitter according to an embodiment of the rock burst control method of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a method for controlling rock burst according to the present application.
Detailed Description
A method for controlling rock burst according to an embodiment of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments herein, which would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the rock burst prevention method of the present embodiment includes:
s101, supporting a special placement device for the ultrasonic transmitter in the roadway.
The special placement device 3 for the ultrasonic transmitter is matched with the inner wall 7 of the roadway through the web plate and is supported in the roadway.
S102, placing the ultrasonic transmitter on a special placement device, and matching with the inner wall of the roadway through an ultrasonic transducer.
The ultrasonic transmitter 1 is used for converting commercial power into a high-frequency alternating current signal matched with the ultrasonic transducer 10 and driving the ultrasonic transducer 10 to work.
The function of the ultrasonic transducer 10 is to convert the input electrical power into mechanical power (i.e. ultrasonic waves) which are transmitted through the tunnel inner wall 7 in the ultrasonic propagation direction 2, while consuming a small portion of the power itself.
S103, generating a high-frequency alternating current signal through an ultrasonic transmitter so as to drive an ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves.
The high-frequency ac electrical signal is a current with respect to the power frequency 50HZ ac, and the current is transmitted into the ultrasonic transducer 10 through a wire between the ultrasonic transmitter 1 and the ultrasonic transducer 10, and drives the ultrasonic transducer 10 to generate corresponding ultrasonic waves.
And S104, enabling the ultrasonic wave to be consistent with the resonance frequency of the rock when reaching the target rock.
The resonance frequency refers to the condition that a physical system vibrates with larger amplitude than other frequencies under a specific frequency; these specific frequencies are called resonance frequencies and the derivation in the laboratory allows the ultrasound waves to coincide with the resonance frequency of the target rock 4 when they reach the rock.
S105, utilizing excitation, namely, the frequency of the wave acted on the target rock is consistent with the resonance frequency of the target rock, and the rock is induced to generate resonance phenomenon.
Resonance phenomenon is a phenomenon in which a target rock tends to absorb more energy from the surrounding environment at its resonance frequency, and thus undergoes a severe displacement at the internal microscopic level, and finally generates a great destructive effect at that level.
S106, continuously enabling the target rock to bear cyclic load through resonance phenomenon of the target rock.
Cyclic loading refers to the process of repeatedly loading and unloading a structure or structural member in both the forward and reverse directions, i.e., severe displacement occurring at the above-mentioned internal microlevel, causing damage to the target rock 4.
And S107, utilizing the continuous action of the cyclic load, and crushing the target rock under the fatigue accumulation damage.
The fatigue cumulative damage is damage to a part under cyclic load, and is accumulated with the increase of the number of cycles, and when the target rock 4 is damaged and accumulated to a certain extent, the target rock is crushed.
S108, forming a broken rock ring containing a large number of cracks around the roadway by utilizing the resonance phenomenon of the target rock.
As shown in fig. 1, the stratum is a generic term for all layered rock, including one or a group of rock layers having certain uniform characteristics and properties, such as target rock 4, first rock 5, second rock 6, etc., and being clearly distinguished from the upper and lower layers, so that ultrasonic waves of a specific frequency may fracture a specific target rock layer to form a broken rock ring.
S109, buffering and absorbing part of energy transferred by rock burst by using the broken rock ring formed at the periphery of the roadway.
As shown in fig. 3, when the rock burst 9 occurs, the impact waves generated by the strain energy release of the accumulation of the temporary rock reflect at the broken rock ring 8 in a large proportion, so as to reduce the rock burst 9 to which the support structure is subjected and improve the rock burst resistance of the support structure.
A further embodiment of the present application is substantially identical to the above embodiment, except that the forming a fracture rock ring around the roadway using a resonance phenomenon of the target rock includes:
and S106a, continuously emitting ultrasonic waves to continuously maintain the resonance phenomenon of the target rock.
The resonance process is similar to a process in which energy is continuously supplied to the target rock 4 without the target rock 4 outputting any energy to the outside, so that as the resonance phenomenon continues, the energy possessed by the target rock 4 continues to increase, eventually breaking the target rock 4.
And S106b, after a fixed time, detecting the generation of a breaking belt by using a geological radar until the breaking of the target rock meets the requirement, and stopping transmitting ultrasonic waves.
The underground medium distribution is detected by using the geological radar ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave, a pulse electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted by a transmitter, when the signal meets a detection target in the rock stratum, a reflection signal is generated, the reflection signal is input to a receiver, and the reflection signal is amplified and displayed by an oscilloscope. According to the reflected signal of the oscilloscope, the breaking condition of the rock can be judged.
A further embodiment of the present application is substantially identical to the above embodiment, except that aligning the ultrasonic waves with the resonance frequency of the target rock when they reach the rock comprises:
s104a, detecting lithology of the stratum through ultra-deep drilling.
As shown in FIG. 3, in one example, the formation size parameter of the roadway and the physical parameter density, moisture content, elastic modulus, poisson's ratio, geological parameters such as fracture development, rock faults, etc. of the underlying rock are detected using ultra-deep drilling techniques, thereby determining the formation of fracture zones at a distance of about 35 meters from the roadway.
S104b, transmitting the acquired relevant parameters of the lithology of the stratum into numerical simulation software of a computer, constructing a numerical model of the stratum based on the relevant parameters of the lithology, and analyzing the transmission and descending rule of the wave in the stratum by a numerical simulation method, thereby reversing the transmission and descending rule of the wave in the field stratum.
The relevant parameters refer to various rock parameters obtained by the relevant experiments, the relevant parameters of the complete rock sample are input into numerical simulation software in a computer according to the original state of the rock sample, then ultrasonic waves with different frequencies are applied to the end part for a plurality of times in the simulation process, and the propagation process of the ultrasonic waves is recorded, so that the conduction and descending rule of the waves in the field stratum are analyzed and inverted.
And S104c, sequentially transmitting waves with different frequencies into the stratum in numerical simulation software according to lithology of the stratum and the transmission and descending rule of the obtained waves, wherein the waves with different frequencies comprise high-frequency waves and low-frequency waves, so that a wave which is attenuated to the target rock and has the frequency just equal to the resonance frequency of the rock, namely the initial frequency of ultrasonic waves, is obtained.
In the above process, it is emphasized how much time the initial frequency is, the natural frequency can be just reached at the off-roadway target rock 4, thereby obtaining the initial frequency and power applied by the ultrasonic transmitter in the field. In one example, the initial frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 100kHz and the power is 50kW.
And S104d, inputting ultrasonic waves with high frequency waves and low frequency waves into the rock.
The ultrasonic transmitter 1 is configured to emit a high-frequency wave, but there is some error, so there is also a part of a low-frequency wave.
S104e, utilizing the characteristic that the high-frequency wave is reduced faster than the low-frequency wave when the wave continuously propagates in the rock, so that the low-frequency wave is dominant when the wave reaches the target rock; wherein the dominant low frequency wave comprises a first low frequency wave with a frequency required for resonance with the rock.
Specifically, since the high-frequency wave decays faster, the low-frequency wave decays slower, the high-frequency wave decays gradually to become the low-frequency wave, and the low-frequency wave decays gradually to be completely absent, but as a whole, the number of the low-frequency waves is more and more, the low-frequency wave is dominant gradually, and the low-frequency wave is a main source of rock destruction.
Yet another embodiment of the present application is substantially the same as the above embodiments, except that detecting the associated lithology of the formation by ultra-deep drilling comprises:
s104a1, exploring a rock sample with the length deeper than the position of the target rock by ultra-deep drilling.
The length of the rock sample to be detected is long enough to obtain the complete propagation rule of the wave before and after the target rock 4 and prevent other rocks near the target rock 4 from affecting the wave transmission.
S104a2, testing the physical and mechanical properties of the rock sample and the occurrence of structural planes in the rock sample.
After bringing the rock sample back to a laboratory, the composition of the rock sample is obtained by analyzing the rock sample by an analyzer, and then the physical parameter density, the water content, the elastic modulus, the poisson ratio and the geological parameters such as crack development, rock faults and the like of the rock sample are obtained by performing related experiments according to the rock sample, so that the rock sample is used for establishing a numerical model.
And S104a3, testing the rock sample by using a natural frequency tester to obtain the natural frequency of the target rock, namely the resonance frequency.
As shown in fig. 3, in one example, the natural frequency tester TYH801 is used to measure the resonance frequency of sandstone as 20khz.
Yet another embodiment of the present application is substantially the same as the above embodiment, except that detecting the generation of the fractured zone using the geological radar after a fixed time until the fracture of the target rock meets the requirements, ceasing the emitting of the ultrasonic waves comprises:
s106d1, taking out the complete rock sample obtained by ultra-deep drilling, and applying the resonance frequency to the target rock to break the rock.
The application of the resonance frequency refers to the application of an initial frequency at the end of the rock sample, which is determined according to the formation lithology and the resulting wave conduction and descending law.
And S106d2, recording the breaking time of the target rock at the resonance frequency.
This time is the duration that the ultrasonic transmitter 1 transmits ultrasonic waves in theory.
S106d3, detecting the breaking condition of the target rock outside the roadway by using a geological radar in the roadway.
If the reflected signal of the oscilloscope of the geological radar meets the expected requirement, the generation of broken rock rings accords with the expected, and the work is successfully completed; if the reflected signal of the oscilloscope of the geological radar does not meet the expected requirement, the condition that part of rocks are not broken is indicated, the ultrasonic wave with the initial frequency is continuously transmitted until the reflected signal of the oscilloscope of the geological radar meets the expected requirement, and the generation of broken rock circles is completed.
And S106d4, stopping transmitting ultrasonic waves when the geological radar detects that the formation condition of the broken belt is good.
When the target rock is broken well, then the generation of broken rock circles is indicated to be expected. As shown in FIG. 3, in one example, a broken rock ring of about 10cm in width is formed, and the broken rock ring is well formed and has an effect of preventing rock burst.
Yet another embodiment of the present application is substantially the same as the above embodiment, except that placing the ultrasonic transmitter on a dedicated placement device and engaging the roadway inner wall with the ultrasonic transducer comprises:
s102a, arranging 4 ultrasonic transmitters along the section of a roadway in a Chinese character 'Tian' shape on a special ultrasonic transmitter placing device, and arranging one ultrasonic transmitter along the central line at the top end of the special ultrasonic transmitter placing device.
In one example, as shown in fig. 3, the ultrasonic emitter 1 is placed at a height of 6.5m, the web is 6.5m long, the top plate is 4.0m long, and the bottom plate is 5.0m long.
S102b, the ultrasonic transmitter and the ultrasonic transducer are electrically connected towards the inner wall of the roadway.
As shown in fig. 2, an ultrasonic transducer 10 is provided between the ultrasonic transmitter 1 and the tunnel inner wall 7, the ultrasonic transmitter 1 and the ultrasonic transducer 10 are connected by a wire, and the ultrasonic transducer 10 is connected with the tunnel inner wall 7.
S102c, connecting the ultrasonic transducer with the inner wall of the roadway by using an adhesive special for ultrasonic equipment.
Thereby, the interference of the air medium to the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is avoided, so that the propagation process of the ultrasonic wave from the ultrasonic transducer 10 to the target rock 4 is identical to the propagation rule of the ultrasonic wave in the numerical simulation in the laboratory.
It should be noted that, in this document, emphasis on the solutions described between the embodiments is different, but there is a certain interrelation between the embodiments, and when the solution of the present application is understood, the embodiments may be referred to each other; additionally, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily conceivable by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered in the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for controlling rock burst, comprising:
supporting a special placement device for the ultrasonic transmitter in a roadway;
placing the ultrasonic transmitter on a special placing device, and matching with the inner wall of the roadway through an ultrasonic transducer;
generating a high-frequency alternating current signal through an ultrasonic transmitter so as to drive an ultrasonic transducer to generate ultrasonic waves;
making the ultrasonic wave coincide with the resonance frequency of the target rock when reaching the rock;
inducing the rock to generate resonance phenomenon by using excitation, namely, the frequency of waves acting on the target rock is consistent with the resonance frequency of the target rock;
subjecting the target rock to cyclic loading by sustaining resonance phenomena of the target rock; the cyclic load refers to the process of repeatedly loading and unloading a structure or a structural member in the forward and reverse directions, namely, the violent displacement on the internal microlevel causes damage to target rock;
utilizing the continuous action of cyclic load to enable the target rock to be crushed under the fatigue accumulated damage to form a broken rock ring containing a large number of cracks;
buffering and absorbing a portion of the energy transferred by the rock burst using the broken rock circles formed at the periphery of the roadway;
bringing ultrasonic waves into agreement with the resonant frequency of the target rock when reaching the rock includes:
detecting lithology of the formation by ultra-deep drilling;
transmitting the acquired relevant parameters of the lithology of the stratum into numerical simulation software of a computer, constructing a numerical model of the stratum based on the relevant parameters of the lithology, and analyzing the transmission and descending rules of waves in the stratum by a numerical simulation method, thereby reversing the transmission and descending rules of the waves in the field stratum;
according to lithology of stratum and the obtained wave transmission and descending rule, sequentially transmitting waves with different frequencies into the stratum in numerical simulation software, wherein the waves with different frequencies comprise high-frequency waves and low-frequency waves, so that a wave with a specific frequency is obtained, and when the wave reaches a target rock through attenuation, the frequency is just the wave with the resonance frequency of the rock, and the specific frequency is the initial frequency of ultrasonic waves;
the ultrasonic wave with high frequency wave occupation and low frequency wave occupation is input into the rock;
the characteristic that the high-frequency wave is reduced faster than the low-frequency wave when the wave continuously propagates in the rock is utilized, so that the low-frequency wave takes the dominant role when the wave reaches the target rock; wherein the dominant low frequency wave comprises a first low frequency wave with a frequency required for resonance with the rock.
2. The rock burst control method according to claim 1, wherein the subjecting the target rock to the cyclic load by sustaining the resonance phenomenon of the target rock comprises:
continuously transmitting ultrasonic waves through accumulation to continuously maintain the resonance phenomenon of the target rock;
after a fixed time, the generation of the breaking zone is detected by using a geological radar until the breaking of the target rock meets the requirement, and the ultrasonic wave is stopped.
3. The rock burst control method according to claim 1, wherein detecting lithology of the formation by ultra-deep drilling comprises:
the rock sample with the length deeper than the position of the target rock is detected by ultra-deep drilling;
testing the physical and mechanical properties of the rock sample and the occurrence of structural surfaces therein;
and meanwhile, the natural frequency of the target rock, namely the resonance frequency, is obtained by using a natural frequency tester to test the rock sample.
4. A rock burst control method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, wherein detecting the generation of the breaking zone using geological radar after a fixed time until the breaking of the target rock meets the requirements, stopping the emission of ultrasonic waves comprises:
taking out a complete rock sample obtained by ultra-deep drilling, and applying the resonance frequency of the complete rock sample to target rock to break the rock;
recording the time at which the target rock breaks at its resonant frequency;
detecting the breaking condition of target rocks outside a roadway by using a geological radar in the roadway;
and stopping transmitting ultrasonic waves when the geological radar detects that the formation condition of the broken belt is good.
5. The rock burst control method according to claim 1, wherein placing the ultrasonic transmitter on a dedicated placement device and engaging the inner wall of the roadway with the ultrasonic transducer comprises:
4 ultrasonic transmitters are arranged on the special ultrasonic transmitter placing device along the section of the roadway in a Chinese character 'Tian' shape, and one ultrasonic transmitter is arranged at the top end of the special ultrasonic transmitter placing device along the central line;
the ultrasonic transmitter is electrically connected with the ultrasonic transducer towards the inner wall of the roadway;
the ultrasonic transducer is connected with the inner wall of the roadway by using an adhesive special for ultrasonic equipment.
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| US4071097A (en) * | 1973-01-11 | 1978-01-31 | Koolaj Es Foldgazbanyaszati Ipari Kutato Laboratorium | Process and apparatus for supersonic drilling in underground rocky strata |
| CN103061781B (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-12-03 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for preventing rock burst by manually regulating tunnel surrounding rock support energy dissipation damping characteristics |
| CN104406626B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-04-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Laser vibration measurement-based impact ground pressure danger zone early warning method |
| CN107036917B (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2019-05-10 | 武汉大学 | The Experimental Method in Laboratory of deep wall rock rock burst Burst Tendency |
| CN107780946B (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2019-07-30 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of cutting head of roadheader and its driving application method based on ultrasonic resonance |
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