CN112664186B - Method for early warning and identifying other high-voltage source by using methane carbon isotope data - Google Patents
Method for early warning and identifying other high-voltage source by using methane carbon isotope data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for early warning and identifying other source high pressure by using methane carbon isotope data, which determines rock drillability parameters according to comprehensive logging data; obtaining lithology data of a drilled stratum, establishing a lithology section of the drilled stratum, obtaining a mean value of various parameters of a mudstone layer, analyzing rock drillability parameters and change conditions of various parameters of a rock stratum, judging an abnormal high pressure cause, analyzing change characteristics of a methane isotope curve according to a judgment result of the abnormal high pressure cause, and determining an abnormal high pressure source; along with the continuous increase of the depth of the stratum, when a methane carbon isotope curve is uniformly increased or unchanged, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drill is a self source or an adjacent source; when the methane carbon isotope curve increases significantly, the abnormally high pressures encountered by drilling are other sources. The correlation is established by the morphological characteristics of the change of the methane carbon isotope curve and different abnormal high pressure causes, and then the overpressure source of the abnormal high pressure is judged according to the real-time methane carbon isotope data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for early warning and identifying other source high pressure by using methane carbon isotope data, belonging to the field of oil and gas exploration.
Background
With the continuous development of oil and gas exploration, high-pressure formations with high abnormal degree (the pressure coefficient is larger than 1.8) are encountered in more and more oil and gas containing areas, the pressure cause and distribution of the high-pressure formations are very complex, and the drilling risk is high. The cause of the abnormal high pressure is accurately known in the process of drilling, theoretical support can be provided for accurate monitoring of the abnormal formation pressure, and reasonable adjustment of the density of the drilling fluid is guided, so that safe drilling operation is guaranteed, and an oil-gas reservoir is protected.
The existing pressure monitoring while drilling methods mainly include an Eaton method, a Bowers method and the like, before calculation of the methods, the cause of abnormal formation pressure needs to be judged, and therefore different Eaton indexes and Bowers equations are respectively adopted in the calculation process to calculate the formation pressure. However, how to accurately identify the cause of the abnormal high pressure in the process of drilling is a difficulty which troubles the pressure monitoring work.
The current methods for judging the cause of abnormal high pressure mainly comprise the following three methods:
(1) the geologic analysis method can also be generalized to an expert experience method. The method is characterized in that geological data in a region are carefully analyzed before drilling, high-pressure causes which can be developed in each layer system in the region are summarized by combining results of high-pressure causes encountered by drilled drills, and the causes of abnormal high pressure are roughly judged by combining the conditions of strata encountered by drilling in real time in the process of drilling. The method depends on the experience level of experts and the abundance degree of geological data in the area, and has poor effect in the area with low exploration degree and unclear high-pressure cause recognition.
(2) And (4) parameter combination method. The cause of abnormal high pressure is analyzed through the change of various formation parameters, a large number of research cases are published, and the method is a common abnormal high pressure cause analysis method in the industry. The method has the advantages of sufficient theoretical basis and good classification effect, is limited by the severe environment (generally high temperature, and the conventional measuring instruments such as acoustic logging while drilling and the like cannot normally work) and the economic benefit (the daily cost of the measuring instruments such as acoustic logging while drilling and the like is high) of the abnormally high-pressure stratum, and currently, oil and gas wells adopting acoustic logging while drilling and density logging are rare, and the two parameters are generally obtained when the logging while drilling is completed, so the method is generally applied to evaluation after drilling and cannot be used in the logging while drilling process.
(3) Sonic-densitometric methods. The method is characterized in that point casting is carried out through the acoustic velocity and density of a mud rock layer of a drilling and uncovering stratum, and abnormal high pressure is divided into two cause types of loading and unloading according to the distribution characteristics of point casting results. The method is similar to the second method, has mature technology and high reliability, but also has the defects that the data can be obtained only after drilling and is only suitable for evaluation after drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs and develops a method for early warning and identifying other source high pressure by using methane carbon isotope data, which analyzes the methane carbon isotope data in the process of drilling, establishes relevance between morphological characteristics of curve change of the methane carbon isotope and different abnormal high pressure causes, and judges an overpressure source of the abnormal high pressure according to the real-time methane carbon isotope data, thereby accurately monitoring the formation pressure while drilling.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for early warning and identifying other high pressure sources by using methane carbon isotope data comprises the following steps:
determining rock drillability parameters according to the comprehensive logging data;
obtaining lithology data of a drilled stratum, establishing a lithology section of the drilled stratum, obtaining a mean value of various parameters of a mudstone layer, analyzing rock drillability parameters and change conditions of various parameters of a rock stratum, judging an abnormal high pressure cause, analyzing change characteristics of a methane isotope curve according to a judgment result of the abnormal high pressure cause, and determining an abnormal high pressure source;
along with the continuous increase of the depth of the stratum, when a methane carbon isotope curve is uniformly increased or unchanged, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drill is a self source or an adjacent source; when the methane carbon isotope curve increases significantly, the abnormally high pressures encountered by drilling are other sources.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
extracting a depth interval corresponding to a mudstone layer with the thickness of more than 2m according to the established lithologic profile of the drilled stratum;
extracting corresponding depth interval data from a rock drillability parameter curve and a logging-while-drilling parameter curve according to a depth interval corresponding to a mudstone layer with the thickness of more than 2 m;
and averaging the data corresponding to each layer of mudstone to obtain the average value of each parameter of the mudstone.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
taking the mean value of each parameter of the shale layer with the thickness of more than 2m as a sample, and establishing a curve with the abscissa as each parameter of the shale layer and the ordinate as the well depth;
taking the normal pressure section as a dividing basis, carrying out curve division, intercepting each parameter curve of the mudstone layer of the normal pressure section, and carrying out regression to establish a normal trend line of each parameter of the mudstone layer;
analyzing the real-time change of various parameters of the mudstone layer, and when the various parameters normally change along the trend line, the pressure of the stratum to be drilled is normal pressure;
when two or more mudstone parameters deviate from the trend line, the formation pressure encountered by the drill bit is abnormally high pressure.
Preferably, the abnormal high pressure is subjected to causal analysis:
when all parameters of the shale layer reversely change along the trend line, abnormal high pressure encountered by drilling is a loading cause;
when the drillability curve of the rock is kept unchanged, the density curve is kept unchanged or reduced, the sound wave time difference curve is increased, and the resistivity curve is reduced, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drilling is the unloading cause.
Preferably, the comprehensive logging data comprises: bit pressure, drilling time, drill bit diameter, drilling fluid density and rotary table rotating speed.
Preferably, the empirical calculation formula of the drillable parameters is:
Dc＝(w/m)×ln(3.282N×T)/ln(0.672×W/D)；
wherein w is the normal drilling fluid density and the unit is g/cm 3 M is the specific gravity of the drilling fluid used actually and the unit is g/cm 3 N is the rotating speed of the rotary table in r/min, W is the bit pressure in T, T is the drilling time in min/m, and D is the diameter of the drill bit in mm.
Preferably, the parameters of the mud layer include: density while drilling logging data, acoustic jet time difference while drilling logging data, and resistivity while drilling logging data.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a method for early warning and identifying other source high pressure by using methane carbon isotope data, which is characterized in that the methane carbon isotope data in the process of drilling is analyzed, the correlation is established by using the morphological characteristics of the change of a methane carbon isotope curve and different abnormal high pressure causes, and then the overpressure source of the abnormal high pressure is judged according to the real-time methane carbon isotope data, so that the formation pressure monitoring while drilling is accurately carried out.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart for determining the cause of abnormal high pressure according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a combination of A-well logging curves according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a plot of the A-well methane isotope profile of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a B-well logging curve combination feature of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a characteristic of the methane carbon isotope profile for the B-well according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the invention provides a method for early warning and identifying other source high pressure by using methane carbon isotope data, which analyzes the methane carbon isotope data in the while-drilling process, establishes correlation between morphological characteristics of methane carbon isotope curve changes and different abnormal high pressure causes, and further judges an overpressure source of the abnormal high pressure according to the real-time methane carbon isotope data, thereby accurately monitoring the formation pressure while drilling.
According to the comprehensive logging data, calculating a rock drillability parameter; the comprehensive logging data comprises bit pressure, drilling time, drill bit diameter, drilling fluid density and rotating speed of a rotary table which are obtained by monitoring the comprehensive logging instrument in real time; analyzing the variation characteristics of logging while drilling data, methane isotope data and rock drillability parameters according to the lithological profile of the stratum, and early warning abnormal high pressure; wherein the logging while drilling data comprises: density logging while drilling, acoustic time difference logging while drilling and resistivity logging while drilling data; preliminarily judging the cause of the abnormal high pressure according to the combined characteristics of the logging while drilling data and the drillability parameters of the rock; and analyzing the change characteristics of the methane isotope data according to the primary judgment result of the abnormal high pressure cause, and finally determining the source of the abnormal high pressure.
The step of obtaining the rock drillability parameter comprises the following steps: extracting parameters of bit pressure, drilling time, drill bit diameter, drilling fluid density and rotary table rotating speed from data monitored by the comprehensive logging instrument in real time, and then calculating to obtain rock drillability parameters by using the following formula:
Dc＝(w/m)×ln(3.282N×T)/ln(0.672×W/D)；
wherein w is the normal drilling fluid density and the unit is g/cm 3 M is the specific gravity of the drilling fluid used actually and the unit is g/cm 3 N is the rotating speed of the rotary table in r/min, W is the bit pressure in T, T is the drilling time in min/m, and D is the diameter of the drill bit in mm.
The early warning of abnormal high pressure comprises the following steps: extracting the data of the mudstone layer, and extracting the data of the mudstone layer from density logging while drilling, acoustic time difference logging while drilling, resistivity logging while drilling and rock drillability parameter data according to the stratum lithology profile obtained by geological logging in the process of drilling;
establishing a normal trend line includes: according to density logging while drilling, acoustic logging while drilling, resistivity logging while drilling and rock drillability parameter data of a shale layer of a medium-shallow layer, establishing density logging while drilling, acoustic time difference logging while drilling, resistivity logging while drilling and a rock drillability parameter trend line of a normal pressure section through linear regression;
according to the characteristic that the parameters deviate from the trend line, judging and early warning abnormal high voltage, comprising the following steps:
under the condition of normal formation pressure, the parameters change regularly along with the increase of the well depth, the density curve while drilling is increased continuously, the acoustic wave time difference curve while drilling is decreased continuously, the resistivity curve while drilling is increased continuously, the rock drillability index is increased continuously, and when the real-time parameters change in the opposite direction or are unchanged, the condition that the drill meets an abnormally high-pressure formation can be judged; according to the change of methane isotope logging data, judging and early warning abnormal high pressure: under the condition of normal formation pressure, the methane isotope logging parameters are uniformly increased along with the increase of the well depth, and when the real-time methane isotope data are increased in a jumping manner compared with the upper formation data, the situation that an abnormally high-pressure formation is drilled is judged.
According to logging while drilling and rock drillability parameter data, the preliminary judgment of the abnormal high pressure cause comprises the following steps:
when the deviation trend line of the acoustic wave time difference curve is increased, the deviation trend line of the density curve is decreased, the deviation trend line of the resistivity curve is decreased, and the deviation trend line of the rock drillability curve is decreased, the abnormal high pressure encountered by drilling can be judged as a loading cause;
and when the deviation of the acoustic wave time difference curve from the trend line becomes large, the density curve is basically unchanged, the deviation of the resistivity curve from the trend line becomes small, and the drillability curve is basically unchanged, judging that the abnormal high pressure encountered by drilling is the unloading cause.
The method for analyzing the variation characteristics of the methane isotope data and finally determining the source of the abnormal high pressure comprises the following steps: in a normal pressure stratum or an abnormal high pressure stratum with a loading cause, the methane isotope data are uniformly increased or unchanged along with the increase of the depth, and when the methane isotope data suddenly increase in a jumping manner along with the increase of the depth, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drill is judged to be the high pressure of other sources.
The invention utilizes the data of real-time logging while drilling and logging, and analyzes the parameters of the drillability of the rock and the data of the methane isotope, thereby identifying and prewarning abnormal high pressure according to the change condition of the parameters, helping pressure monitoring personnel to find the occurrence of the abnormal high pressure of the stratum in time while drilling, judging the cause of the abnormal high pressure encountered by drilling according to the parameter combination change characteristic and the methane isotope curve change characteristic, and improving the accuracy and the credibility of the calculation of the stratum pressure in principle, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1. collecting and recording various engineering parameters including bit pressure, drilling time, drill bit diameter, drilling fluid density and rotary table rotating speed parameters by a comprehensive logging instrument, wherein the sampling interval is 1m/1 point;
2. according to the parameters of bit pressure, drilling time, drill bit diameter, drilling fluid density and rotary table rotating speed, the rock drillability parameter (Dc) is obtained by calculation according to the following formula, and the sampling interval is 1m/1 point
Dc＝(w/m)×ln(3.282N×T)/ln(0.672×W/D)
Wherein w is the density of the normal drilling fluid and the unit is g/cm 3 M is the specific gravity of the drilling fluid used actually and the unit is g/cm 3 N is the rotating speed of the rotary table in r/min, W is the bit pressure in T, T is the drilling time in min/m, and D is the diameter of the drill bit in mm.
3. Collecting and recording various logging-while-drilling parameters including density, acoustic time difference and resistivity data by a logging-while-drilling instrument, wherein the sampling interval is 0.1 m/point or 0.125 m/point;
4. analyzing rock debris and other field data such as drilling time and logging while drilling data by a field logging geologist to obtain lithology data of the drilled stratum and establish a lithology profile of the drilled stratum;
5. acquiring data of mudstone points in the parameters;
(1) extracting a depth interval corresponding to a mudstone layer with the thickness of more than 2m according to the lithologic section of the stratum;
(2) extracting data of the corresponding depth interval from a rock drillability parameter curve (DC) and a logging-while-drilling parameter curve (acoustic time difference, density and resistivity) according to the depth interval corresponding to the mudstone layer with the thickness of more than 2m, wherein the parameters comprise rock drillability, acoustic time difference logging while drilling, density logging while drilling and resistivity logging while drilling;
(3) averaging the data corresponding to each layer of mudstone to obtain the mean value of each parameter of each mudstone layer, wherein the parameters comprise the drillability of the rock, the acoustic time difference logging while drilling, the density logging while drilling and the resistivity logging while drilling;
6. analyzing the change conditions of the rock drillability parameters and the logging-while-drilling parameter data;
(1) taking the mean value of each parameter of a mud rock layer with the thickness of more than 2m as a sample, establishing a curve with the abscissa as each parameter and the ordinate as well depth, wherein the parameters comprise rock drillability, acoustic time difference logging while drilling, density logging while drilling and resistivity logging while drilling;
(2) dividing the curve obtained in the previous step by taking the medium-shallow layer or the normal pressure section as a dividing basis, intercepting various parameter curves of the medium-shallow layer or the normal pressure section, regressing the curves, and establishing a normal trend line of various parameters, wherein the parameters comprise rock drillability, acoustic wave time difference logging while drilling, density logging while drilling and resistivity logging while drilling;
(3) analyzing real-time parameter changes: when various parameters are normally increased or reduced along the trend line, the pressure of the drilled stratum is normal pressure; when two or more parameters deviate from the trend line, the stratum pressure encountered during drilling is abnormally high pressure, and the parameters comprise rock drillability, acoustic wave time difference logging while drilling, density logging while drilling and resistivity logging while drilling;
(4) analysis of causes of abnormal high pressure: when all parameters are reversely reduced or increased along the trend lines, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drill bit is a loading cause; when the rock drillability curve is kept unchanged, the density curve is kept unchanged or slightly reduced, the sound wave time difference curve is increased, and the resistivity curve is reduced, the abnormal high pressure encountered by drilling is the unloading cause;
7. judging whether the cause of the abnormal high voltage is from/adjacent source or other source: taking a methane-carbon isotope curve as a judgment basis, and along with the continuous increase of the depth of the stratum, when the methane-carbon isotope curve is uniformly increased or unchanged, drilling abnormal high pressure as a self/adjacent source; when the methane carbon isotope curve increases significantly, the abnormally high pressures encountered by drilling are other sources.
The invention fully utilizes real-time logging and logging data of an oil and gas drilling site, can timely and accurately identify the occurrence of abnormal high formation pressure, judge the cause of the abnormal high pressure and provide guidance for accurate calculation of the formation pressure while drilling.
Examples
The method is applied to formation pressure monitoring while drilling of 12 wells in the Yingge basin, abnormal high pressure identification while drilling reaches 100%, and the coincidence rate of abnormal high pressure cause judgment reaches 95%. Compared with the commonly used geological analysis method, the method is improved by 30 percent, and has unique technical advantages and good application effect.
The application of the method in origanum marianii basin shows that the method for judging the cause of the abnormal high pressure by utilizing the variation characteristics of the methane carbon isotope has high identification and judgment coincidence rate under the conditions of different depressions and abnormal high pressure of different causes. The method is not influenced by different conditions such as geological background, drilling condition change and the like, and can also timely and accurately identify and judge the drilling abnormal stratum high pressure in the exploration operation of the abnormal high-pressure stratum and the new exploration area well drilling, so that the application effect successfully improves the monitoring precision of the stratum pressure while drilling in the area, and meets the engineering requirements of guaranteeing the drilling safety and protecting an oil-gas reservoir.
As shown in figure 1, the method analyzes the methane carbon isotope and other real-time data in the process of drilling, combines a normal trend line established by using data of a medium-shallow layer or a normal compaction section, and if the parameters such as the drillability of rock, the acoustic wave time difference while drilling, the density while drilling, the resistivity while drilling, the methane carbon isotope and the like normally change along with the trend line, abnormal high pressure is not drilled. If the parameters deviate from the trend line and change reversely, the drill encounters abnormal high pressure of a loading cause; if the density while drilling and the rock drillability parameters in the parameters are kept unchanged or slightly reduced, and other parameters deviate from the trend line and change reversely, the drill encounters abnormal high pressure of unloading causes; if the methane carbon isotope suddenly and greatly increases, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drilling is the unloading cause of other sources, and the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drilling is the unloading cause of self/adjacent sources if the methane carbon isotope does not suddenly and greatly increase.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for early warning and identifying other high pressure sources by using methane carbon isotope data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining rock drillability parameters according to the comprehensive logging data;
the comprehensive logging data comprises bit pressure, drilling time, drill bit diameter, drilling fluid density and rotary table rotating speed which are obtained by monitoring a comprehensive logging instrument in real time;
obtaining lithology data of a drilled stratum, establishing a lithology section of the drilled stratum, obtaining a mean value of various parameters of a mudstone layer, analyzing rock drillability parameters and change conditions of various parameters of a rock stratum, judging an abnormal high pressure cause, analyzing change characteristics of a methane isotope curve according to a judgment result of the abnormal high pressure cause, and determining an abnormal high pressure source;
extracting a depth interval corresponding to a mudstone layer with the thickness of more than 2m according to the established lithologic profile of the drilled stratum;
extracting corresponding depth interval data from a rock drillability parameter curve and a logging-while-drilling parameter curve according to a depth interval corresponding to a mudstone layer with the thickness of more than 2 m;
carrying out average value taking on data corresponding to each layer of mudstone to obtain the average value of each parameter of the mudstone layer;
along with the continuous increase of the depth of the stratum, when a methane carbon isotope curve is uniformly increased or unchanged, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drill is a self source or an adjacent source; when the methane-carbon isotope curve is obviously increased, the abnormal high pressure encountered by drilling is other sources;
taking the mean value of each parameter of the shale layer with the thickness of more than 2m as a sample, and establishing a curve with the abscissa as each parameter of the shale layer and the ordinate as the well depth;
carrying out curve division by taking the normal pressure section as a division basis, intercepting each parameter curve of the mudstone layer of the normal pressure section, and carrying out regression to establish a normal trend line of each parameter of the mudstone layer;
analyzing the real-time change of various parameters of the mudstone layer, and when the various parameters normally change along the trend line, the pressure of the stratum to be drilled is normal pressure;
when two or more than two mud rock layer parameters deviate from the trend line, the stratum pressure encountered by the drill is abnormal high pressure.
2. The method for early warning and identifying other high pressure by using methane carbon isotope data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cause analysis is performed on the abnormal high pressure:
when all parameters of the shale layer reversely change along the trend line, abnormal high pressure encountered by drilling is a loading cause;
when the drillability curve of the rock is kept unchanged, the density curve is kept unchanged or reduced, the sound wave time difference curve is increased, and the resistivity curve is reduced, the abnormal high pressure encountered by the drilling is the unloading cause.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the comprehensive logging data comprises: bit pressure, drilling time, drill bit diameter, drilling fluid density and rotary table rotating speed.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the empirical calculation formula of drillable parameters is:
Dc＝(w/m)×ln(3.282N×T)/ln(0.672×W/D)；
wherein w is the normal drilling fluid density and the unit is g/cm 3 M is the specific gravity of the drilling fluid used actually and the unit is g/cm 3 N is the rotating speed of the rotary table in r/min, W is the bit pressure in T, T is the drilling time in min/m, and D is the diameter of the drill bit in mm.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the parameters of the shale layer comprise: density while drilling logging data, acoustic jet time difference while drilling logging data, and resistivity while drilling logging data.
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Inventor after: Liu Ting Inventor after: Zhao Xunjie Inventor after: Huang Baotong Inventor after: Song Keke Inventor after: Tang Feng Inventor after: Geng Heng Inventor after: Hu Yitao Inventor after: Xin Xiaojun Inventor after: Zuo Yiyin Inventor after: Li Qilin Inventor after: Xie Dong Inventor after: Su Wei Inventor after: Wang Pan Inventor before: Liu Ting Inventor before: Zhao Xunjie Inventor before: Huang Baotong Inventor before: Xin Xiaojun Inventor before: Tang Feng Inventor before: Geng Heng Inventor before: Hu Yitao Inventor before: Song Keke Inventor before: Zuo Yiyin Inventor before: Li Qilin Inventor before: Xie Dong Inventor before: Su Wei Inventor before: Wang Pan |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |