CN112664172A - Blasting infiltration method for ground immersion - Google Patents
Blasting infiltration method for ground immersion Download PDFInfo
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- CN112664172A CN112664172A CN202011519240.4A CN202011519240A CN112664172A CN 112664172 A CN112664172 A CN 112664172A CN 202011519240 A CN202011519240 A CN 202011519240A CN 112664172 A CN112664172 A CN 112664172A
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Abstract
The invention provides a blasting infiltration increasing method for ground immersion, belonging to the technical field of uranium ore mining. The method for increasing permeability of ground by blasting comprises the steps of construction preparation, vertical well and horizontal well opening, explosive arrangement and permeability increasing by blasting. According to the ground leaching method, the blasting permeation-increasing method is adopted, the vertical well and the horizontal well are arranged in the ore-bearing aquifer, the explosive devices are arranged in the vertical well and the horizontal well, the uranium deposit is comprehensively reformed through blasting, uniform micro cracks can be manufactured in a large range, a three-dimensional leaching solution seepage network is formed, the contact area and the reaction time of the leaching solution and the ore are increased, the leaching dead angle is reduced, the recovery ratio of uranium is finally increased, the horizontal well and the vertical well can be used in subsequent ground leaching, and the drilling cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of uranium ore mining, and particularly relates to a blasting infiltration increasing method for ground immersion.
Background
The natural uranium is an important resource of nuclear power and nuclear military industry in China, most of uranium reservoirs ascertained in China at present are sandstone-type uranium ores, and exploitation is mostly carried out by adopting an in-situ leaching process.
The uranium recovery rate is directly affected by the drilling process, the pattern of the wells and the permeability of the seam. The traditional in-situ leaching uranium mining is mostly carried out by adopting a mode of vertical well liquid injection (namely vertical well liquid injection) and vertical well liquid extraction, however, along with the increase of the mining depth, the defects of a vertical well network are gradually highlighted, such as large occupied area, low single well ore control rate and the like. In addition, low permeability of sandstone uranium ores is also a huge barrier preventing efficient exploitation of uranium resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blasting infiltration method for ground immersion, which aims to solve the technical problem of low permeability of the existing sandstone uranium ore during mining.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: provides a method for increasing infiltration of ground by blasting, which comprises the following steps,
construction preparation: acquiring geological information of a mineral-containing aquifer, and determining preset positions of a vertical well and a horizontal well according to the geological information of the mineral-containing aquifer;
and (3) setting a vertical well: the vertical well is opened from a overburden rock of the sandstone deposit to the mineral-containing aquifer;
opening a horizontal well and arranging explosives: drilling a horizontal well in the mineral-containing aquifer by taking the vertical well as an initial end and taking the edge position of the mineral-containing aquifer as a terminal, and installing a explosive package in the horizontal well;
explosion infiltration enhancement: detonating the cartridge to cause the mineral-containing aquifer to form fissures.
Further, in the mine-containing aquifer, a horizontal well is drilled by taking the vertical well as the starting end and the edge position of the mine-containing aquifer as the terminal, and a cartridge is installed in the horizontal well, and the horizontal well is drilled and installed by adopting a drill rod jacking charging mode.
Further, the explosive package is arranged in the horizontal well, and the explosive package is arranged in an uncoupled explosive package mode and an interval explosive package mode, and stemming is filled between the adjacent explosive packages.
Further, the installed form of the uncoupled charge has a decoupling coefficient k in the range of 1.5 to 3.
Further, the interval L between the adjacent medicine bags ranges from 1/2H to 3/4H, wherein H is the equivalent thickness of the mineral-containing aquifer.
Further, the interval L between the adjacent medicine bags is 2/3H, wherein H is the equivalent thickness of the mineral-containing aquifer.
Further, said "detonating said cartridge to cause fissures in said mineral-containing aquifer" comprises:
and carrying out differential blasting from the starting end of the horizontal well to the terminal direction of the horizontal well.
Further, the differential blasting time range of the differential blasting from the starting end of the horizontal well to the terminal direction of the horizontal well in the layer is 25ms-50 ms.
The blasting infiltration method for ground leaching has the advantages that the vertical well and the horizontal well are arranged in the ore-bearing aquifer, explosive devices are arranged in the vertical well and the horizontal well, the uranium deposit is transformed in all directions through blasting, uniform micro cracks can be manufactured in a large range, a three-dimensional leaching solution seepage network is formed, the contact area and the reaction time of the leaching solution and the ore are increased, the leaching dead angle is reduced, the recovery ratio of uranium is finally increased, the horizontal well and the vertical well can be used in subsequent ground leaching exploitation, and the drilling cost is saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a blasting infiltration method for ground flooding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the charge of a horizontal well when the blasting infiltration method is adopted for ground flooding provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the charging of a vertical well when the ground is immersed by using a blasting infiltration method according to an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. an ore-containing aquifer; 2. horizontal wells; 3. a vertical well; 4. a first medicine package unit; 5. a second medicine package unit; 6. a second pack of medicine; 7. coupling the drug packages; 8. initiating an electric detonator; 9. a detonator; 10. a detonating cord; 11. a roof water barrier; 12. a bottom plate water-resisting layer; 13. a hole packer; 14. a process vertical shaft; 15. a first medicine package.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for increasing infiltration by blasting for ground immersion according to the present invention will now be described. Fig. 1 shows a process for implementing a method for blasting infiltration for ground flooding according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is detailed as follows:
in step S100, a construction preparation operation is performed, where the construction preparation mainly includes geological exploration (determining a ground surface range of a multilayer sandstone deposit, etc.) to obtain geological information of the mineral-bearing aquifer, and the preset positions of the vertical well 3 and the horizontal well 2 (which need to be opened in the following step) are determined according to the geological information of the mineral-bearing aquifer 1. Of course, the geological information obtained by geological exploration also comprises the information of porosity, permeability, tensile strength, uranium content and other mineral components and contents of the sampled and measured core (so as to measure the necessity of blasting and permeability increasing of the mineral deposit, estimate the loading amount and the like).
In step S200, the vertical well and the horizontal well are opened, including digging the vertical well 3 and the horizontal well 2. Wherein the vertical well 3 penetrates through the top plate water-resisting layer 11 in the vertical direction from the surface and at least penetrates through the mineral-containing aquifer 1 to be blasted and infiltrated. A horizontal well 2 extends within the mineral bearing aquifer 1.
In step S300, an operation of arranging explosive devices, specifically, explosive devices in the vertical well 3 and the horizontal well 2 is performed.
In step S400, an operation of explosive infiltration enhancement, specifically, detonating the explosive device, is performed to form fractures in the mineral-containing aquifer.
It should be understood here that the mineral-bearing aquifer 1 does not necessarily have only one horizontal well 2, and since the projection range of the mineral-bearing aquifer 1 on the horizontal plane is actually a two-dimensional area, one horizontal well 2 may not satisfy the purpose of the permeability enhancement of the mineral-bearing aquifer 1, and therefore, a plurality of horizontal well 2 combinations distributed radially with the central position of the mineral-bearing aquifer 1 as the center may be opened in the mineral-bearing aquifer 1.
In this embodiment, the pertinence sets up vertical well 3 and horizontal well 2 in ore-bearing aquifer 1, and all arrange the explosive cartridge bag at vertical well 3 and horizontal well 2, horizontal and vertical blasting infiltration point that all has at ore-bearing aquifer 1 like this, realize carrying out all-round transformation to the uranium deposit through the blasting, can make even small crack on a large scale, form three-dimensional leaching solution seepage flow network, improve leaching solution and ore area of contact and reaction time, reduce and leach the dead angle, finally improve the recovery ratio of uranium. Meanwhile, during subsequent underground extraction operation, the vertical well 3 can be used as a liquid pumping well, the liquid injection well is replaced by the horizontal well 2, and the horizontal well 2 and the vertical well 3 can continuously play a role in the underground extraction operation, so that the drilling cost is saved.
From the above embodiments, the ground leaching provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a blasting permeation-increasing method, the vertical well and the horizontal well are arranged in the ore-bearing aquifer, explosive devices are arranged in the vertical well and the horizontal well, the uranium deposit is transformed in all directions by blasting, uniform micro cracks can be manufactured in a large range, a three-dimensional leaching solution seepage network is formed, the contact area and the reaction time of the leaching solution and the ore are increased, the leaching dead angle is reduced, the recovery ratio of uranium is finally increased, and the horizontal well and the vertical well can be used in subsequent leaching exploitation, so that the drilling cost is saved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability by blasting for ground flooding according to the present invention, a plurality of vertical wells 3 are provided, and two adjacent vertical wells 3 disposed on both sides (in the extending direction) of a horizontal well 2 are defined as vertical well units. In order to form a more three-dimensional and more uniform leaching solution seepage network, the vertical well units are provided in plurality, and are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the horizontal well 2.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for blasting infiltration provided by the present invention, in a vertical well unit, two vertical wells 3 are symmetrically arranged about the axis of a horizontal well 2.
As a specific embodiment of the method for carrying out blasting infiltration intensification on ground immersion provided by the invention, the distance between a vertical well 3 and the vertical well 3 in the same vertical well unit is 20m-30m, the distance between the vertical well 3 and a horizontal well 2 is 10m-15m, and the horizontal well 2 is arranged at the middle position of a mineral-containing aquifer 1 in the vertical direction. Optionally, the drilling of the horizontal well 2 and the vertical well 3 can be realized by using the existing drilling and deflecting equipment, and the local reaming is carried out in the explosive arrangement section.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability of ground-immersed by blasting provided by the present invention, the explosive device comprises at least a first explosive package component arranged in each vertical well 3 and a plurality of second explosive package components arranged in horizontal wells at intervals; each second explosive package component corresponds to each vertical well unit one-to-one respectively, and each second explosive package component is close to the vertical well unit that corresponds, and each second explosive package component is located between two vertical wells 3 that correspond in fact.
Referring to figure 3, as an embodiment of the present invention for providing a method for increasing the permeability of ground-immersed bags by blasting, the first cartridge assembly comprises a plurality of first cartridges 15 which are arranged at intervals and are not coupled (charged).
As an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability by blasting for ground flooding provided by the present invention, water is filled between the adjacent first explosive charges 15.
Referring to figure 2, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability of ground-immersed bags by blasting according to the present invention, the second explosive package assembly comprises a plurality of second explosive packages 6 which are arranged at intervals and are not coupled (charged).
As a specific example of the method for increasing permeability by blasting for ground flooding provided by the present invention, water is filled between the adjacent second explosive packages 6.
As a specific example of the method for increasing the permeability of ground-immersed bags by blasting, the first explosive bag 15 and the second explosive bag 6 both have a radial uncoupling coefficient ranging from 1.25 to 3 and a spacing ratio ranging from 0.15 to 0.3.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability of ground-immersed by blasting provided by the present invention, a group of second explosive package components and first explosive package components in two vertical wells 3 of corresponding vertical well units are defined as first explosive package units, the first explosive package units are arranged in series, and two first explosive package components and two second explosive package components in the same first explosive package unit are arranged in parallel (in a main cable).
As a specific example of the method for increasing permeability of ground-immersed explosive provided by the present invention, the first explosive charges 15 in the first explosive charge components in the first explosive charge units are connected by detonating cords 10, so that the first explosive charges 15 in the same first explosive charge components are detonated at multiple points simultaneously; the second charges 6 in the second charge assemblies in the first charge unit are also connected by detonating cords 10 so that the second charges 6 in the same second charge assembly are detonated simultaneously at multiple points.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability of ground-immersed explosive by blasting provided by the invention, the explosive device further comprises a second explosive unit arranged in the horizontal well 2 and between the first explosive components, and the second explosive unit is connected in series between two adjacent first explosive units. That is, the first medicine package unit and the second medicine package unit are alternately arranged.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for blasting infiltration provided by the present invention, the second explosive unit comprises a plurality of coupled explosive packages 7 arranged at intervals, and the coupled explosive packages 7 are installed in the horizontal well 2 in a coupled manner as the name implies. The space between the two coupled medicine bags 7 is filled with water.
The purpose of adopting non-coupled charge and spaced charge for the first explosive package unit (the first explosive package component and the second explosive package component) is to fully utilize the spaced filler to change the contact relation between the explosive column and the wall of the borehole (the horizontal well 2 or the vertical well 3), thereby reducing the initial pressure and the pressure peak value of the explosive stress wave and the detonation gas on the wall of the borehole and preventing the wall of the borehole from being seriously cracked.
The first explosive bag unit adopts multi-point simultaneous detonation for overlapping explosive blasting ranges of the horizontal well 2 and the vertical well 3, creating a through micro fracture network, and avoiding the situation that the position of a vertical well blasting firstly lacks a support due to interval detonation and influences the position change of a later blasting explosive bag.
The second explosive package unit far away from the vertical well adopts coupled explosive package and spaced explosive package, the spacing distance is determined by the explosive package and the length of the whole explosive-loading blast hole, and the sections are separated by water. The second explosive package unit fills up a blasting blind area between two adjacent first explosive package units by utilizing the principles that the coupling charging stress peak value is large and the propagation range is limited, and a through long and large main crack is not formed. Because the first explosive package units on the two sides are all charged in a non-coupling mode, the integrity of the blast hole can be guaranteed, and even if the second explosive package units collapse locally, the second explosive package units can be used normally after well washing.
As a specific embodiment of the method for increasing the permeability of the ground-immersed bag by blasting provided by the invention, the adjacent coupled explosive bags 7 in the second explosive bag unit are blasted by a differential blasting method, and the differential blasting time is 15ms-30 ms. The interval ratio of the second medicine package units ranges from 0.15 to 0.3.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for increasing the permeability of ground-immersed explosive provided by the present invention, a relay tube is connected in series between the adjacent first explosive unit and second explosive unit to realize the differential explosion between the first explosive unit and the second explosive unit (or between the second explosive unit and the first explosive unit). Optionally, the differential time between the first pack unit and the second pack unit (or the second pack unit and the first pack unit) is 30 ms.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability by blasting for ground immersion provided by the present invention,
the vertical well digging in the step S200 further includes installing two hole packers 13 in the vertical well 3 after the vertical well 3 is dug, the hole packers 13 are of the existing structure, and the two hole packers 13 are respectively located at the upper end and the lower end of the mineral-containing aquifer 1. The hole packer 13 is mainly arranged to fully protect the top plate water-resisting layer 11 and the bottom plate water-resisting layer 12 (the top plate water-resisting layer 11 and the bottom plate water-resisting layer 12 are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the mineral-containing water-containing layer 1), and liquid leakage in the later stage soaking process is avoided.
As a specific embodiment of the blasting infiltration method for ground flooding provided by the present invention, the blasting infiltration method for ground flooding provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes: and S500, washing and cleaning the well. Step S500 is performed after step S400, specifically, the vertical well 3 and the horizontal well 2 are cleaned, and broken stones and slurry sundries falling from explosion are removed. After step S500 is completed, the screen pipe can be lowered to filter the silt, and the ground immersion process is started.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability of ground-immersed ground-. In the embodiment, the electric detonator 8 is adopted for excitation, the detonating cord 10 is adopted for detonation, and the controllability of the detonation sequence is strong.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for increasing permeability by blasting for ground flooding provided by the present invention, two first explosive package units located at two ends of the horizontal well 2 in the extending direction are respectively connected in parallel to a main explosive package through a detonating cord 10 (certainly located behind an electric detonator 8), that is, the whole detonating network is in a series mode of closed front and back, the detonating cord is detonated by the electric detonator 8 and is tied up at a position 15 cm from the end of the detonating cord 10, and the energy-gathering holes of the detonator should face the detonating direction of the detonating cord. The connection mode of the detonating cord 10 and the explosive can adopt the mode of placing a detonator in the explosive column or directly winding 4-5 circles of the detonating cord on the explosive column. The closed series mode is adopted, so that the blasting network is simple in design, two main cables are led out after the electric detonator 8 is detonated, the success of explosion propagation of at least one circuit (from the front or from the back) can be ensured, the success rate is ensured, and the blasting failure is avoided.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ground soaking adopts a blasting infiltration increasing method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps,
construction preparation: acquiring geological information of a mineral-containing aquifer, and determining preset positions of a vertical well and a horizontal well according to the geological information of the mineral-containing aquifer;
and (3) forming a vertical well and a horizontal well: digging a vertical well and a horizontal well; the vertical well penetrates through the mineral-bearing aquifer at least from a vertical direction; the horizontal well extends into the ore-bearing water-bearing layer;
arranging an explosive device: arranging explosive devices in the vertical well and the horizontal well;
explosion infiltration enhancement: detonating the explosive device to form fractures in the mineral-containing aquifer.
2. The method for enhancing permeability of ground by blasting according to claim 1, wherein the vertical well has a plurality of vertical wells, two adjacent vertical wells disposed on both sides of the horizontal well are defined as vertical well units, the vertical well units have a plurality of vertical well units, and each vertical well unit is disposed at intervals along the extending direction of the horizontal well.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said explosive device comprises a first explosive package arranged in said vertical well and a plurality of second explosive packages arranged in said horizontal well at intervals; each second explosive package component corresponds to each vertical well unit one by one, and each second explosive package component is close to the corresponding vertical well unit.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first cartridge assembly comprises a plurality of first cartridges arranged at intervals and not coupled to each other.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the second cartridge assembly comprises a plurality of spaced apart uncoupled second cartridges.
6. A method of blasting infiltration according to claim 5, wherein a set of said second pack elements and two of said first pack elements corresponding to said vertical wells are defined as first pack units, each of said first pack units being arranged in series, said first pack elements and said second pack elements in the same first pack unit being arranged in parallel.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein said explosive device further comprises a second explosive element disposed within said horizontal well between each of said first explosive elements, said second explosive element being serially connected between adjacent ones of said first explosive elements.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the second explosive unit comprises a plurality of coupled explosive charges which are arranged at intervals.
9. The method for increasing ground infiltration according to claim 7, wherein a relay tube is connected in series between the adjacent first explosive unit and the second explosive unit to realize a differential blasting between the first explosive unit and the second explosive unit.
10. The method of blasting enhanced permeability of ground-immersed according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said excavating a vertical well further comprises installing two hole packers in said vertical well after excavating said vertical well, said hole packers being located at upper and lower ends of said mineral-bearing aquifer.
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| CN115075797A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-20 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Well spacing determination method and system for in-situ leaching exploitation of high-permeability sandstone uranium/copper ore |
| CN116291353A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-06-23 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Method for expanding in-situ leaching solvent sweep range of sandstone uranium ores |
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