CN112443307B - In-situ leaching mining method for low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore - Google Patents
In-situ leaching mining method for low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN112443307B CN112443307B CN202011518129.3A CN202011518129A CN112443307B CN 112443307 B CN112443307 B CN 112443307B CN 202011518129 A CN202011518129 A CN 202011518129A CN 112443307 B CN112443307 B CN 112443307B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/263—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using explosives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/28—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent
- E21B43/283—Dissolving minerals other than hydrocarbons, e.g. by an alkaline or acid leaching agent in association with a fracturing process
Abstract
The invention provides a ground leaching mining method of a low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore, and belongs to the technical field of uranium ore mining. The in-situ leaching mining method of the low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore comprises the steps of construction preparation, liquid injection well opening, horizontal drilling, blasting and permeability increasing, drainage and mining well opening and leaching operation. According to the in-situ leaching mining method for the low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore, the steps of horizontal drilling and blasting permeation enhancement are arranged in the in-situ leaching mining process, so that cracks are formed in each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer, the permeability of each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer is improved, the leaching solution injected into each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer can fully react with uranium-containing sandstone, and the mining efficiency of the uranium ore is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of uranium ore mining, and particularly relates to a ground-leaching mining method of a low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore.
Background
The sandstone-type uranium ore is a uranium ore type with the largest proportion in China, and the main mining mode is an in-situ leaching mining technology, namely, a specific leaching solution is injected into a target uranium ore reservoir by using a liquid injection well, metal uranium is leached through a series of physical and chemical reactions, the leaching solution is extracted out of the earth surface by using a liquid extraction well, and the uranium extraction process is realized in an earth surface factory. The in-situ leaching uranium mining technology has the characteristics of low cost, good benefit, high resource utilization rate and environmental protection, and is widely adopted in the world.
The sandstone-type uranium ore which is proved in China has the characteristic of low permeability, so that the problems of low injection rate of leaching liquid, small leaching range, low exploitation speed and recovery ratio and the like in the in-situ leaching exploitation process are caused, and the large-scale exploitation and utilization of the sandstone-type uranium ore in China are severely restricted. In addition, sandstone uranium deposits in Yili areas of Xinjiang in China have the characteristic of thin-layer and multi-layer overlapped distribution, mudstone layers with extremely low permeability are mixed between the ore layers, and after the leaching solution is injected, the mudstone layers only seep in a single-layer sandstone layer and cannot communicate with adjacent reservoir layers, so that the in-situ leaching exploitation effect is seriously reduced. At present, the uranium ore field leaching mining mode is mainly single-layer or layered mining, and for a thin-layer and multilayer overlapped uranium ore deposit, the mining mode has low efficiency and high cost and can not meet the requirement of efficient mining of the uranium ore.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ground leaching mining method for low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ores, and aims to solve the technical problem that the mining efficiency is low when the existing low-permeability multilayer overlapped sandstone uranium ores are mined.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for in-situ leaching mining of low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ores comprises the following steps:
construction preparation;
and (3) opening a liquid injection well: the liquid injection well penetrates through a bottommost uranium-containing sandstone layer in the multilayer sandstone deposit from an overlying rock layer of the sandstone deposit, and the upper position of the liquid injection well on the ground surface corresponds to the middle position of the sandstone deposit;
horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration increasing: respectively drilling horizontal drill holes in each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer by taking the liquid injection well as an initial end and taking the edge position of the sandstone ore bed as a terminal, then installing explosive packages in the horizontal drill holes, and performing differential blasting in the horizontal drill holes to enable each uranium sandstone ore layer to form cracks;
and (3) opening a drainage and production well: the discharging and mining wells penetrate through the bottommost uranium-containing sandstone ore layer in the multilayer sandstone ore layer from the overlying rock layer of the multilayer sandstone ore layer, and the upper positions of the discharging and mining wells on the ground surface correspond to the edge positions of the sandstone ore layer;
leaching operation: injecting leaching solution from the injection well, and extracting the leaching solution to the ground through the drainage and production well.
Further, the drilling of a horizontal borehole in each uranium-bearing sandstone deposit layer by using the liquid injection well as a starting end and using the edge position of the sandstone deposit as a terminal end, then installing a cartridge in the horizontal borehole, and performing differential blasting in the horizontal borehole comprises:
firstly, drilling the horizontal drilling hole on the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer at the bottommost layer by taking the liquid injection well as the starting end and the edge position of the sandstone ore bed as the terminal end, then installing the explosive package in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer, and carrying out differential blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer;
after the micro-differential blasting and stabilization of the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer positioned on the lower layer are completed, drilling the horizontal drilling hole on the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer positioned on the upper layer by taking the liquid injection well as the starting end and the edge position of the sandstone ore deposit as the terminal end, then installing the cartridge in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer, and performing the micro-differential blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer;
and repeating the step of performing the micro-difference blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer until the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the uppermost layer completes the micro-difference blasting until the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the lower layer completes the micro-difference blasting and is stabilized, drilling the horizontal drilling hole on the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the upper layer by taking the liquid injection well as the starting end and taking the edge position of the sandstone ore bed as the terminal, then installing the cartridge in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer, and performing the micro-difference blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer until the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the uppermost layer completes the micro-difference blasting.
Furthermore, the number of the medicine bags in each horizontal drilling hole is multiple, and the mounting points of the medicine bags in the same horizontal drilling hole are arranged at equal intervals; the mounting points of the explosive packages in the horizontal drilling holes which are adjacent up and down are staggered.
Further, said performing a differential blasting within said horizontal borehole of the layer comprises: and sequentially carrying out differential blasting from the terminal of the horizontal drilling hole of the layer to the initial end direction of the horizontal drilling hole of the layer in the horizontal drilling hole of the layer.
Further, it is a plurality of to arrange the recovery well, it is a plurality of arrange the recovery well with the notes liquid well is the annular distribution setting equidistantly as the center, has respectively in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore deposit a plurality of horizontal drilling, each in the same uranium-bearing sandstone ore deposit horizontal drilling respectively with each arrange the recovery well one-to-one, each in the same uranium-bearing sandstone ore deposit horizontal drilling communicates respectively notes liquid well and corresponding arrange the recovery well.
Furthermore, the number of the discharging and mining wells is four, and four horizontal drill holes are formed in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer respectively.
Further, a plugging structure is disposed at a terminal end of the horizontal bore to prevent leaching solution from flowing directly from the horizontal bore into the drainage and production well.
Furthermore, a first shaft sleeve for containing leaching solution is erected in the liquid injection well, and a first seepage hole is formed in the position, corresponding to each uranium sandstone ore layer, of the first shaft sleeve, so that the leaching solution can seep into each uranium sandstone ore layer through the first shaft sleeve.
Furthermore, a second shaft sleeve for containing the leaching solution is erected in the drainage and production well, and a second seepage hole is formed in the second shaft sleeve so that the leaching solution can be conveniently recovered through the second shaft sleeve.
The in-situ leaching mining method for the low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore has the beneficial effects that the steps of horizontal drilling and blasting permeation enhancement are arranged in the in-situ leaching mining process, so that cracks are formed in each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer to improve the permeability of the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer, the leaching solution injected into each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer can fully react with uranium-containing sandstone, and the mining efficiency of the uranium ore is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore from ground according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mining process when the method for the in-situ leaching mining of low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore according to the embodiment of the invention is applied;
fig. 3 is a plan well arrangement schematic diagram of a mining process when the method for the in-situ leaching mining of low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied.
In the figure: 1. an overburden; 2a, a first uranium-containing sandstone ore layer; 2a-1, a first cartridge in a first uranium containing sandstone ore layer; 2a-2, a second medicine package in the first uranium-containing sandstone ore layer; …, respectively; 2a-n, the nth cartridge in the first uranium containing sandstone ore layer; 2b, a second uranium-containing sandstone ore layer; 2b-1, a first cartridge in a second uranium containing sandstone ore layer; 2b-2, a second cartridge in a second uranium containing sandstone ore layer; …, respectively; 2b-n, the nth medicine package in the second uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer; 2c, a third uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer; 2c-1, a first cartridge in a third uranium containing sandstone ore layer; 2c-2, a second cartridge in a third uranium containing sandstone ore layer; …, respectively; 2c-n and the nth medicine package in the third uranium-containing sandstone ore layer; 3a, a mudstone interlayer; 3b, a mudstone interlayer; 4. a lower overburden formation; 5. a leaching solution tank; 6. a liquid injection pump; 7. injecting a liquid well; 8. discharging and extracting wells; 9. a liquid pump; 10. a sedimentation tank; 11. horizontally drilling; 12. and (4) a plugging structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for the in-situ leaching mining of a low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore according to the present invention will now be described. Fig. 1 shows an implementation flow of a method for extracting low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore by ground leaching, which is provided by an embodiment of the invention, and the process is detailed as follows:
in step S100, a construction preparation operation is performed, where the construction preparation mainly includes geological exploration (determining the surface area of the multilayer sandstone deposit, etc.), and provides a foundation for subsequent operations, and the construction preparation is the same as the construction preparation steps in the existing ground-immersed mining method, and is not described herein again.
In step S200, an operation of opening the injection well 7 is performed, and the injection well 7 penetrates all the way through the lowest uranium-bearing sandstone layer (i.e., penetrates all the way through the upper overburden 4 of the multilayer sandstone deposit) in the vertical direction from the overburden 1 of the multilayer sandstone deposit (i.e., from the surface of the earth). For example, the multilayer sandstone deposit has three uranium-bearing sandstone deposits, namely a first uranium-bearing sandstone deposit 2a, a second uranium-bearing sandstone deposit 2b and a first uranium-bearing sandstone deposit 2c which are distributed from top to bottom, a mudstone interlayer 3a and a mudstone interlayer 3b are arranged between two adjacent uranium-bearing sandstone deposits, and when the liquid injection well 7 is set, the overburden 1, the first uranium-bearing sandstone deposit 2a, the mudstone interlayer 3a, the second uranium-bearing sandstone deposit 2b, the mudstone interlayer 3b and the first uranium-bearing sandstone deposit 2c need to be sequentially penetrated through from the earth surface, so that the leaching solution can reach the bottommost uranium-bearing sandstone deposit during later operation. The upper position (longitude and latitude coordinates) of the liquid injection well 7 on the ground surface corresponds to the approximate middle position of the whole sandstone deposit in the longitude and latitude range.
In step S300, drilling horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration-increasing operations are performed. And drilling a horizontal drilling hole 11 in each uranium-containing sandstone deposit by taking the injection well 7 (positioned in each uranium-containing sandstone deposit) as a starting end, wherein the horizontal drilling hole 11 extends in a direction parallel to the horizontal direction, and the terminal end of the horizontal drilling hole 11 is set as the edge position of the sandstone deposit. The position of the horizontal bore 11 in the vertical direction in each uranium-bearing sandstone deposit may not be specified. It should be understood that, in the same uranium-bearing sandstone deposit, there is not necessarily only one horizontal drilling hole 11, but a plurality of horizontal drilling holes 11 are provided in half, the length of the horizontal drilling hole 11 is mainly related to the situation after the uranium deposit survey, and it is ensured to ensure that the extension length (range) of all the horizontal drilling holes 11 in the same uranium-bearing sandstone deposit is matched with the extension range of the uranium deposit in the horizontal direction.
And then installing a cartridge in the horizontal drilling hole 11, and after the installation is finished, performing differential blasting in the horizontal drilling hole 11 to enable each uranium sandstone ore layer to form cracks so as to enhance the permeability of each uranium sandstone ore layer.
In step S400, the drainage and production well 8 is opened. The drainage wells 8 extend vertically from the overburden 1 (i.e., from the surface) of the multilayer sandstone deposit through the lowest uranium containing sandstone layer of the multilayer sandstone deposit. The starting point and the end point of the drainage and production well 8 and the injection well 7 in the vertical direction are basically consistent. The extraction and drainage wells 8 are mainly used for recovering leaching solution, and one or more extraction and drainage wells 8 can be arranged. The position of the drainage shaft 8 on the surface of the earth corresponds to the edge position of the sandstone deposit, and it should be noted here that the horizontal bore 11 does not necessarily have to be in communication with the drainage shaft 8, although the end of the horizontal bore 11 and the position of the drainage shaft 8 on the surface of the earth both correspond to the edge position of the sandstone deposit.
In step S500, a leaching operation is performed. Injecting leaching solution into the self-injection well 7, wherein the leaching solution permeates and overflows in each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer through the injection well 7, and because each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer has cracks, the leaching solution can better permeate in the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer and perform related chemical reaction with uranium ore, and uranium in a reservoir layer is dissolved in the leaching solution and is transported along with the leaching solution; the leaching solution seepage flow that carries the uranium gets into row and adopts well 8, is extracted to the earth's surface under the effect of drawing liquid pump 9, realizes the separation of uranium in sedimentation tank 10, reaches the purpose of ground leaching uranium mining.
It should be understood that the apparatuses for performing the leaching operation, such as the leaching solution tank 5, the liquid injection pump 6, the liquid suction pump 9, and the sedimentation tank 10, are conventional, and these apparatuses may be installed in preparation for the construction in step S100 or may be installed before the leaching operation in step S500.
It should also be understood here that, in the process of underground mining, the construction preparation in step S100 needs to be performed before the liquid injection well is opened in step S200, the horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration are performed in step S300, and the drainage and mining well is opened in step S400, the leaching operation in step S500 needs to be performed after the liquid injection well is opened in step S200, the horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration are performed in step S300, and the drainage and mining well is opened in step S400, and there is no definite sequence among the three steps of the liquid injection well, the horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration are performed in step S300, and the drainage and mining well is opened in step S400.
As can be seen from the foregoing embodiments, in the ground-leaching mining method for a low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore according to an embodiment of the present invention, by providing the steps of horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration enhancement in the ground-leaching mining process, cracks are formed in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer to increase the permeability of the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer, so that the leaching solution injected into each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer can sufficiently react with uranium-bearing sandstone, and the mining efficiency of the uranium ore is further improved.
As a specific example of the method for mining a low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore by underground leaching, the step S300 of horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration-enhancing "drilling a horizontal borehole in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer with the injection well as the starting end and the edge position of the sandstone ore deposit as the terminal, then installing a cartridge in the horizontal borehole, and performing differential blasting in the horizontal borehole" specifically includes:
s310, firstly drilling a uranium-bearing sandstone layer at the bottommost layer, specifically drilling a horizontal drilling hole 11 by taking the liquid injection well 7 as an initial end (as a starting point), and setting the terminal of the horizontal drilling hole 11 as the edge position of the sandstone layer; then installing a cartridge in the horizontal drilling hole 11 of the layer (the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer) and carrying out differential blasting in the horizontal drilling hole 11 of the layer (the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer);
s320 after the uranium-bearing sandstone layer located at the lower layer is subjected to differential blasting and stabilized (for example, after a certain time interval after blasting, after the uranium-bearing sandstone layer and the overlying rock layer 1 at the lower layer are deformed and stabilized), drilling the uranium-bearing sandstone layer located at the upper layer, specifically, drilling the horizontal drill hole 11 with the liquid injection well 7 as an initial end (as a starting point), and setting a terminal of the horizontal drill hole 11 as an edge position of the sandstone deposit; then installing a cartridge in the horizontal drilling hole 11 of the layer (the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer) and carrying out differential blasting in the horizontal drilling hole 11 of the layer (the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer);
and S330, repeating the step S320 until the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer on the uppermost layer is drilled with the horizontal drilling hole 11 and subjected to differential blasting.
The method provided by the embodiment aims at the characteristics of low permeability, multiple ore layers and thinness of sandstone ore layers in Yili areas of Xinjiang, adopts a layered blasting-combined in-situ leaching exploitation mode in the direction vertical to rock layers, can be used for simultaneously leaching and exploiting multiple ore layers, realizes combined exploitation of the ore layers, and greatly improves the uranium ore acquisition efficiency.
As a specific example of the method for mining the low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore by ground immersion, the step S200 of setting the liquid injection well is performed before the step S300 of horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration, and the step S300 of horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration are performed before the step S400 of setting the drainage well. The step S200 of opening the liquid injection well is performed first, which facilitates the horizontal well construction (i.e., drilling the horizontal borehole 11) in the step S300. In addition, the differential blasting may damage a vertical well (such as the drainage well 8), so the drainage well opening in step S400 is selected after the horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration in step S300.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for mining low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore by ground leaching, a plurality of explosive packages are arranged in each horizontal drilling hole 11, and the installation points of the explosive packages in the same horizontal drilling hole 11 are arranged at equal intervals. Therefore, explosive packages in the same horizontal drilling hole 11 can be uniformly distributed, and after further detonation, the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layers can obtain relatively uniformly blasted cracks.
In addition, the number of the horizontal drill holes 11 in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer is the same, the horizontal drill holes 11 in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer are in one-to-one correspondence, the extending directions of the corresponding horizontal drill holes 11 in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer are also the same, and the mounting points of the explosive packages in the upper and lower adjacent (corresponding) horizontal drill holes 11 are arranged in a staggered manner. For example, referring to fig. 2, the first cartridge 2b-1 of the second uranium containing sandstone layer in the second uranium containing sandstone layer 2b is located between the first cartridge 2a-1 of the first uranium containing sandstone layer in the first uranium containing sandstone layer 2a and the second cartridge 2a-2 of the first uranium containing sandstone layer in the horizontal direction, and the first cartridge 2b-1 of the second uranium containing sandstone layer in the second uranium containing sandstone layer 2b is also located between the first cartridge 2c-1 of the third uranium containing sandstone layer in the third uranium containing sandstone layer 2c and the second cartridge 2c-2 of the third uranium containing sandstone layer in the horizontal direction. The installation points of the explosive packages in the lower adjacent horizontal drilling holes 11 are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the horizontal drilling holes 11 in different layers are blasted at different positions, the blasting influence range of the uranium-bearing sandstone layer is enlarged, the centralized blasting damage influence on the mudstone interlayer between the two uranium-bearing sandstone ore layers is reduced as much as possible, the damage to the mudstone interlayer is reduced, mudstone powder is reduced to enter the sandstone reservoir, and the possibility of reservoir blockage in the process of ground soaking is reduced.
As a specific example of the method for mining low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore by in-situ leaching, the step S300 (specifically, the steps S310, S320, and S330) of "performing differential blasting in the horizontal borehole of the layer" specifically includes:
in the horizontal drilling hole 11 of the layer, the direction from the terminal of the horizontal drilling hole 11 of the layer to the starting end of the horizontal drilling hole 11 of the layer is subjected to differential blasting in sequence, that is to say, the differential blasting is performed in sequence from the discharging and mining well 8 to the injection well 7, so that the low-permeability deposit is conveniently transformed, a sandstone deposit containing a large number of cracks is formed, and the effect of increasing permeability is realized. The slightly different blasting is carried out from the terminal end to the initial end of the horizontal drilling hole 11, and the installation and arrangement problems of the explosive bags are mainly considered. If blasting is started from the starting end, the horizontal well (the horizontal drilling hole 11) is collapsed after blasting, so that hole collapse is caused, and the horizontal drilling hole 11 needs to be cleaned in the subsequent charging process; this problem does not occur if the blasting starts from the terminal and reaches the starting end in sequence.
Referring to fig. 3, as an embodiment of the method for the in-situ leaching mining of the low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore, a plurality of drainage and mining wells 8 are provided, and the drainage and mining wells 8 are annularly distributed around the injection well 7 at equal intervals, that is, the drainage and mining wells 8 are uniformly and circularly distributed outside the injection well 7.
Meanwhile, a plurality of horizontal drill holes 11 are formed in each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer, each horizontal drill hole 11 in the same uranium-containing sandstone ore layer is in one-to-one correspondence with each row of mining wells 8, and each horizontal drill hole 11 in the same uranium-containing sandstone ore layer is communicated with the liquid injection well 7 and the corresponding row of mining wells 8 respectively. Like this to annotate liquid well 7 and be the center, horizontal drilling 11 just is radial arrangement inside each uranium-bearing sandstone ore deposit, and in fact, horizontal drilling 11 also is the diff blasting section (region), so sets up, can guarantee that each uranium-bearing sandstone ore deposit is all influenced by each diff blasting section (region) (blasting) basically, can make each uranium-bearing sandstone ore deposit produce relatively even fracture as far as possible. The embodiment carries out radial blasting mode in the horizontal direction, carries out large-scale transformation to the sandstone deposit, and the leaching solution seepage flow scope is wide, and the leaching dead angle is little, has good row and adopts the effect.
As a specific example of the method for the in-situ leaching mining of the low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore provided by the present invention, each horizontal borehole 11 in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer is also designed to be drilled at a middle position in the vertical direction of the corresponding uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer.
Referring to fig. 3, as an embodiment of the method for the in-situ leaching mining of the low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore, the drainage and mining wells 8 are four, and each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer is provided with four horizontal drill holes 11. The included angle between the adjacent horizontal drill holes 11 in the same uranium-bearing sandstone ore bed is 90 degrees.
Referring to fig. 2, as an embodiment of the method for extracting low-permeability multi-layer sandstone uranium ore from ground provided by the present invention, a plugging structure 12 is disposed at the terminal end of each horizontal drilling hole 11 (the end close to the extraction well 8), and the plugging structure 12 can prevent the leaching solution from flowing directly into the extraction well 8 from the horizontal drilling hole 11, so that the leaching solution can have a more sufficient reaction time with the uranium ore in each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer.
As a specific embodiment of the method for producing a low-permeability multi-layer sandstone uranium ore by underground mining, a first shaft casing for containing (circulating) leaching solution is erected in the injection well 7, and a first seepage hole is arranged at a position of the first shaft casing corresponding to each uranium sandstone ore layer, so that the leaching solution can seep into each uranium sandstone ore layer through the first shaft casing and from the first seepage hole. The first seepage holes are not arranged at the parts of the first vertical shaft casing pipe corresponding to the mudstone interlayers so as to avoid the leaching solution from carrying impurities due to the corrosion reaction of the mudstone interlayers as much as possible. The leaching solution can directly flow into (cracks in) each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer from the first seepage holes, and part of the leaching solution can flow into the horizontal drilling holes 11 firstly, and because the leaching solution can not directly flow into the discharge and mining well 8 from the horizontal drilling holes 11, the part of the leaching solution can flow into (cracks in) each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer from the horizontal drilling holes 11 and then flow into the discharge and mining well 8.
As a specific example of the method for extracting low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore by ground leaching, a second shaft casing for containing (circulating) leaching solution is erected in the extraction well 8, and a second seepage hole is arranged on the second shaft casing, so that the leaching solution flows into the second seepage hole and then is recovered through the second shaft casing.
As a specific example of the permanent support system for the shallow-buried and underground-excavated large-span tunnel provided by the invention, the first shaft casing and the second shaft casing are both made of corrosion-resistant materials.
As a specific example of the permanent support system for a shallow excavation large-span tunnel according to the present invention, the plugging structure 12 is made of a material capable of resisting corrosion by leaching solution, and has a shape adapted to the terminal hole diameter of the horizontal bore hole 11 so as to completely isolate the leaching solution from flowing into the drainage and production well 8 from the terminal of the horizontal bore hole 11.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The in-situ leaching mining method of the low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ore is characterized by comprising the following steps,
construction preparation;
and (3) opening a liquid injection well: the liquid injection well penetrates through a bottommost uranium-containing sandstone layer in the multilayer sandstone deposit from an overlying rock layer of the sandstone deposit, and the upper position of the liquid injection well on the ground surface corresponds to the middle position of the sandstone deposit;
horizontal drilling and blasting infiltration increasing: respectively drilling horizontal drill holes in each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer by taking the liquid injection well as an initial end and taking the edge position of the sandstone ore bed as a terminal, then installing explosive packages in the horizontal drill holes, and performing differential blasting in the horizontal drill holes to enable each uranium-containing sandstone ore layer to form cracks;
and (3) arranging a drainage and production well: the discharging and mining well penetrates through a bottommost uranium-containing sandstone layer in the multilayer sandstone deposit from an overlying rock layer of the multilayer sandstone deposit, and the position of the discharging and mining well on the ground surface corresponds to the edge position of the sandstone deposit;
leaching operation: injecting leaching solution from the injection well, and extracting the leaching solution to the ground through the drainage and production well;
the discharge and mining wells are arranged in an annular manner at equal intervals by taking the liquid injection well as a center, each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer is internally provided with a plurality of horizontal drill holes, each horizontal drill hole in the same uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer is in one-to-one correspondence with each discharge and mining well, and each horizontal drill hole in the same uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer is communicated with the liquid injection well and the corresponding discharge and mining well respectively;
and a blocking structure is arranged at the terminal end of the horizontal drilling hole to prevent the leaching solution from directly flowing into the drainage and production well from the horizontal drilling hole.
2. The method for in-situ leaching of a low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore according to claim 1, wherein the drilling of a horizontal borehole in each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer starting from the injection well and ending at the edge position of the sandstone ore bed, the installation of a cartridge in the horizontal borehole, and the differential blasting in the horizontal borehole comprise:
firstly, drilling the horizontal drilling hole on the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer at the bottommost layer by taking the liquid injection well as the starting end and the edge position of the sandstone ore bed as the terminal end, then installing the explosive package in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer, and carrying out differential blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer;
after the micro-differential blasting and stabilization of the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer positioned on the lower layer are completed, drilling the horizontal drilling hole on the uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer positioned on the upper layer by taking the liquid injection well as the starting end and the edge position of the sandstone ore deposit as the terminal end, then installing the cartridge in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer, and performing the micro-differential blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer;
and repeating the step of performing the micro-difference blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer until the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the uppermost layer completes the micro-difference blasting until the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the lower layer completes the micro-difference blasting and is stabilized, drilling the horizontal drilling hole on the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the upper layer by taking the liquid injection well as the starting end and taking the edge position of the sandstone ore bed as the terminal, then installing the cartridge in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer, and performing the micro-difference blasting in the horizontal drilling hole on the layer until the uranium-containing sandstone ore layer on the uppermost layer completes the micro-difference blasting.
3. The method for in-situ leaching of a low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore according to claim 2, wherein the number of the cartridges in each horizontal bore is plural, and mounting points of the cartridges in the same horizontal bore are arranged at equal intervals; the mounting points of the explosive packages in the horizontal drilling holes which are adjacent up and down are staggered.
4. The method of in-situ leaching of a low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore of claim 2, wherein the performing a differential blasting within the horizontal bore of the layer comprises: and sequentially carrying out differential blasting from the terminal of the horizontal drilling hole to the initial end of the horizontal drilling hole in the layer in the horizontal drilling hole in the layer.
5. The method of in-situ leaching of a uranium ore from hypotonic multilayer sandstone according to claim 1, wherein the drainage wells have four, and each uranium containing sandstone ore layer has four of the horizontal boreholes.
6. The method for the earth-leaching mining of low-permeability multilayer sandstone uranium ores according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a first shaft casing for containing leaching solution is erected in the liquid injection well, and a first seepage hole is formed in the first shaft casing corresponding to each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer, so that the leaching solution can seep into each uranium-bearing sandstone ore layer through the first shaft casing.
7. The method for in-situ leaching mining of a low-permeability multi-layered sandstone uranium ore of claim 6, wherein a second shaft casing for containing the leaching solution is erected in the extraction well, and a second seepage hole is formed in the second shaft casing so that the leaching solution can be recovered through the second shaft casing.
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| CN114152731A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-08 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Uranium ore carbon dioxide blasting and carbon dioxide and oxygen ground immersion mining test device |
| CN114183118A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-15 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Infiltration mining method and device for infiltration-increasing area of low-permeability sandstone uranium ore and terminal equipment |
| CN115075797B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-06-13 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Well spacing determination method and system for high-permeability sandstone uranium/copper ore on-site leaching exploitation |
| CN115506768A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-23 | 重庆大学 | Supercritical CO of sandstone-type uranium ore 2 Frac-dip recovery and CO 2 Sealing and storing integrated method |
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