CN112663682B - Square earthquake metasoma structure with cross-shaped cavity - Google Patents
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- CN112663682B CN112663682B CN202011509935.4A CN202011509935A CN112663682B CN 112663682 B CN112663682 B CN 112663682B CN 202011509935 A CN202011509935 A CN 202011509935A CN 112663682 B CN112663682 B CN 112663682B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a square seismic metastructure with a cross-shaped cavity, which is formed by extending seismic metastructure unit cells in two mutually vertical directions in a horizontal plane and is designed on the periphery of a building foundation; the seismic metasoma unit cell comprises a concrete pile with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer, a steel pipe layer and a soil layer. The concrete pile has a circular cross section, and a through-long cross-shaped cavity is arranged in the middle of the cross section. The rubber layer and the steel pipe layer are both round in cross section, the soil is square in cross section, and a round through hole is formed in the middle of the soil. The periodic structure is arranged along the circumferential direction of the building in a segmented mode within a certain range, and the band gap characteristic of the periodic structure is utilized to attenuate the seismic surface wave within the range of 6-17Hz, so that the building is protected from being damaged by the surface vibration caused by the seismic surface wave and other reasons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a square seismic metastructure with a cross-shaped cavity, which is a novel structure with good control and attenuation effects on seismic surface waves.
Background
Millions of earthquakes exist in the world every year, the magnitude of most earthquakes is below 3.9, but the number of earthquakes above 5.0 exceeds 1000. Even slight seismic induced ground vibrations can have an effect on the structural integrity of the building. In addition, even small levels of damage to buildings such as nuclear power plants and oil refineries can have catastrophic consequences. Seismic waves mainly include surface waves and bulk waves, wherein damage caused by seismic surface waves is the largest and the propagation distance is the farthest. It is therefore of great interest to design a defence structure to prevent seismic surface waves from harming buildings, especially for long waves with frequencies in the range of 0.1-20 hz, since this involves many fundamental frequencies of resonance of buildings and structures. At present, it is still very difficult to make corresponding protection measures for seismic surface waves with longer wavelength and low frequency. At the same time, the development of corresponding protection devices remains a pending problem.
Among the passive control measures, the frequency modulated mass damper TMD is an effective structural vibration control device. The tuned mass damper enables the TMD system and a structure to resonate by adjusting the frequency ratio and the damping ratio of the TMD system, and the vibration of the TMD system can dissipate part of energy according to energy conservation, so that the reaction of a main structure is reduced. However, the TMD can only control vibration in a certain mode, has a narrow-band characteristic, and is sensitive to fluctuation of the self-oscillation frequency of the structure. Therefore, the invention provides a damping structure or device which has simple structure and strong adaptability, can effectively control and attenuate low-frequency seismic surface waves, and has very important significance for protecting urban buildings and other vibration-sensitive structures, such as precision laboratories, nuclear power stations, ancient buildings and the like! Recently, emerging seismic metastructures provide a new idea for seismic protection. The seismic metastructure is a periodic structure researched based on a phononic crystal theory, and has a band gap characteristic. Within the band gap frequency range, seismic waves cannot pass through the seismic metastructure. The invention uses the principle of phononic crystal to control mechanical waves, adopts concrete, steel pipes and rubber to form a damping structure, and realizes the control and attenuation of seismic waves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a square seismic metastructure with a cross-shaped cavity, and relates to a seismic metastructure for attenuating seismic surface waves. The square seismic metasurface structure with the cross-shaped cavity aims to provide the square seismic metasurface structure which is omnibearing and multi-angle and can attenuate a seismic surface wave, protect a building, obtain simple materials, effectively reduce seismic disasters and reduce the post-disaster repair and maintenance cost of the building.
The invention relates to a square earthquake metastructure with a cross-shaped cavity, which is formed by extending earthquake metastructure unit cells in two mutually vertical directions in a horizontal plane and is designed on the periphery of a building foundation; the seismic metasoma unit cell comprises a concrete pile 1 with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer 2, a steel pipe layer 3 and a soil layer 4. The section of the concrete pile 1 is circular, and a through long cross-shaped cavity is arranged in the middle of the section. The rubber layer 2 and the steel pipe layer 3 are both round in section, the soil 4 is square in section, and a round through hole is formed in the middle of the soil.
The concrete pile 1 with the cross-shaped cavity has a circular section with a radius of 0.68m and a height of 18 m. The middle of the frame is provided with a cross-shaped cavity consisting of two cuboid through holes, each cuboid through hole is 1.2m long, 0.2m wide and 18m high, and C20-C30 plain concrete is selected. The rubber layer 2 has an outer diameter of 0.7m, an inner diameter of 0.68m and a height of 18m, and is made of industrial rubber. The outer side of the steel pipe layer 3 has a long radius of 0.8m, the inner side of the steel pipe layer has a length of 0.7m and a height of 18m, and a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe is selected. The side length of the square section of the soil layer 4 is 2m, the side length of the radius of the internal circular through hole is 0.8m, the height is 18m, and the material is common sandy soil.
The structure of the invention is arranged below the earth surface at the periphery of the building foundation, the top surface of the structure is flush with the earth surface, and the structure is arranged along the circumferential direction of the building and is 6m away from the building horizontally. The peripheral size of the periodic structure formed by the extension of the unit cell structure is not less than the size of the building foundation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a square seismic metastructure with a cross-shaped cavity is formed by continuously extending designed seismic metastructure unit cells in two mutually perpendicular directions in a horizontal plane. Is arranged under the ground surface at the periphery of the building foundation. Simultaneously, the top surface of the structure is flush with the ground surface. The periodic structure is arranged along the circumferential direction of the building in a segmented mode within a certain range, and the band gap characteristic of the periodic structure is utilized to attenuate the seismic surface wave within the range of 6-17Hz, so that the building is protected from being damaged by the surface vibration caused by the seismic surface wave and other reasons.
When earthquake waves come, cross-shaped cavity concrete, rubber and steel pipes are arranged among the earthquake metasoma unit cells; the unit cell and the intercell are vibrated, and the combined seismic metastructure can generate a band gap, so that the seismic surface wave is effectively controlled and attenuated, and the building is protected.
The seismic metasoma unit cell with the cross-shaped cavity designed by the invention consists of a concrete pile 1 with the cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer 2, a steel pipe layer 3 and a soil layer 4. On the outside of the concrete pile 1, a rubber layer 2 is first coated. Then, the steel pipe 3 is covered outside the rubber layer 2, and finally, the soil layer 4 is filled outside the steel pipe 3.
The cross sections of the concrete pile 1 with the cross-shaped cavity, the rubber layer 2 and the steel pipe layer 3 are all circular, and the cross section of the soil layer 4 is square.
The concrete pile comprises a concrete pile 1 with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer 2 and a steel pipe layer 3, wherein the axle centers of the three parts are superposed.
The concrete pile comprises a concrete pile body 1 with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer 2 and a steel pipe layer 3, wherein the heights of the three parts are the same, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the three parts are on the same horizontal plane.
The square seismic metamaterial structure with the cross-shaped cavity designed by the invention is prepared from different materials.
The material of the square seismic metastructure with the cross-shaped cavity comprises concrete, rubber, steel and soil. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the density ρ of the concrete pile is shown1=2500 kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E1=4×1010Pa; poisson ratio gamma1= 0.2; density of rubber layer ρ2=1300 kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E2=1.02×105Pa; poisson ratio gamma2= 0.47; density rho of steel pipe layer3=7850 kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E3=2.1×1011Pa; poisson ratio gamma3= 0.3; density of soil layer rho4=1800 kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E4=2×107Pa; poisson ratio gamma4= 0.3. Four materials are used.
Compared with a TMD passive structure vibration damping control method, the method has the following advantages:
1) effectively controlling the seismic surface waves in a wide frequency band range. The square seismic metastructure with the cross-shaped cavity designed by the invention can effectively control and attenuate seismic surface waves within the range of 6-17Hz and can effectively protect various buildings with resonance fundamental frequency within the range.
2) Remote control and attenuation of seismic surface waves. The seismic metastructure designed by the invention is a periodic arrangement structure and has band gap characteristics. Is arranged under the ground surface at the periphery of the building foundation and is not connected with the building. The seismic surface waves can thus be remotely controlled and attenuated before they have reached the building.
3) Surface waves born of different causes can be controlled. The seismic metastructure designed by the invention can control the seismic surface wave within the full band gap range. The damping device has an effective damping effect on all the vibrations of the surface wave appearing in the full band gap frequency range, such as the vibrations of the surface wave produced by man-induced vibration, piling, ground traffic, mechanical use of construction sites and the like.
4) The structure is simple. The designed seismic metastructure mainly comprises a concrete pile with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer, a steel pipe layer and a soil layer which form a unit cell, and then the unit cell is extended along two mutually vertical directions in the same horizontal plane. The structure is simple.
5) Can be applied to different buildings with different site conditions. The method is applied to various geological conditions and different buildings by adjusting and changing the geometric parameters and material parameters of each component of the seismic metastructure by considering factors such as the site conditions of the region where the seismic metastructure is located, the height of the protected building and the like.
6) All building structures in the whole area can be protected. The seismic metastructure according to the present invention can protect not only a single building but also all buildings and other public facilities such as parks, squares, etc. in the whole area.
7) The materials are common, the square seismic metamaterial structure with the cross-shaped cavity is designed, and the materials are four materials of steel, rubber, concrete and soil. These materials are commonly used in the construction of buildings and are readily available.
8) The building is effectively protected in all directions. The seismic metastructures designed by the invention are arranged on the periphery of the building foundation and are annularly arranged along the building subsection, so that the seismic metasurfaces randomly appear in different directions can be targeted, and the building is effectively protected in an all-round way.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the seismic metastructures provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a square seismic metasoma unit cell with a cross-shaped cavity according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a square seismic metastructure cell with a cross-shaped cavity according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a square seismic metastructure energy band structure having a cross-shaped cavity according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a transmission spectrum of a seismic metastructure consisting of ten rows of seismic metastructure unit cells having a cross-shaped cavity when rayleigh waves are excited in the direction of the khaki provided by the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a concrete pile having a cruciform cavity; 2. a rubber layer; 3. a steel pipe layer; 4. and (4) a soil layer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
In fig. 1, a square seismic metastructure arrangement with a cross-shaped cavity designed by the present invention is shown. The segmented ring-shaped arrangement is adopted, and the specific arrangement situation is shown in figure 1.
In fig. 2 and 3, a square seismic metasoma unit cell having a cross-shaped cavity is shown, and its components include a concrete pile 1 having a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer 2, a steel pipe layer 3, and a soil layer 4.
The cross section of the concrete pile 1 with the cross-shaped cavity is a circle with a cross-shaped through hole in the center. The concrete pile 1 is externally coated with a rubber layer 2 with a certain thickness. The rubber layer 2 is externally coated with a steel pipe layer 3.
The concrete pile 1, the rubber layer 2 and the hollow steel pipe 3 are overlapped in axle center, and the upper surface and the lower surface are mutually flush and equal in height.
The rubber layer 2 and the steel pipe layer 3 are both circular rings in cross section. The inner diameter and the outer diameter of the rubber layer 2 are respectively the same as the outer diameter of the concrete pile 1 and the inner diameter of the hollow steel pipe 3. The inner wall and the outer wall of the rubber layer 2 are respectively and tightly connected with the outer wall of the concrete pile 1 and the inner wall of the hollow steel pipe 3. The concrete pile 1 with the cross-shaped cavity, the rubber layer 2 and the steel pipe layer 3 form a composite round pile with the cross-shaped cavity.
After a composite circular pile with a cross-shaped cavity is manufactured, the steps are repeated, and a plurality of identical composite circular piles with cross-shaped cavities are manufactured, wherein the quantity of the composite circular piles can be at least arranged around the periphery of a building according to the segmented annular arrangement shown in the figure 1.
And (3) arranging the composite circular piles with the cross-shaped cavities below the ground surface at the periphery of the building foundation in a segmented annular mode at the positions shown in the figure 1 around the building, wherein the center intervals of the composite circular piles are 2 m. After the composite circular piles are arranged, soil is filled between the composite circular piles.
The invention designs a square seismic glume structure with a cross-shaped cavity, the radius of a concrete pile 1 is 0.68m, the longitudinal height is 18m, the center of the concrete pile is provided with the cross-shaped cavity, the cross-shaped cavity consists of two rectangular through holes which are perpendicular to each other, the size of each rectangular is 1.2m long, 0.2m wide and 18m high, and C20-C30 plain concrete is selected. The rubber layer 2 has an outer diameter of 0.8m, an inner diameter of 0.68m and a longitudinal height of 18m, and is made of industrial rubber. The outer diameter of the steel pipe layer 3 is 0.8m, the inner diameter is 0.7m, the longitudinal height is 18m, and a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe is selected. The side length of the square section of the soil layer 4 is 2m, the side length of the radius of the internal cylindrical through hole is 0.8m, the height is 18m, and the material is common sandy soil. The concrete pile 1, the rubber layer 2 and the steel pipe layer 3 form a square seismic glume-structure unit cell which is 2m long, 2m wide and 18m high and has a cross-shaped cavity with a composite round pile and an outer soil layer 4. The structure is arranged on the periphery of a building foundation, the top surface of the structure is level to the ground surface, and the structure is arranged in the same horizontal plane along the circumferential extension of the building and is 6m away from the building.
The specific material parameters are as follows:
concrete: density p1=2500 kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E1=4×1010Pa; poisson ratio gamma1=0.2；
Rubber: density p2=1300 kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E2=1.02×105Pa; poisson ratio gamma2=0.47；
Hollow steel pipe: density p3=7850 kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E3=2.1×1011Pa; poisson ratio gamma3=0.3；
Soil: density p4=1800kg/m3(ii) a Young's modulus E4=2×107Pa; poisson ratio gamma4=0.3。
Referring to fig. 4, the light gray area is the full band gap range of the band structure. The band structure calculation shows that the structure has a full band gap in the range of 6-17 Hz. In the attenuation seismic surface wave area with the adjustable seismic metastructure designed by the invention, two full band gaps are found and are respectively positioned as follows: the first one is: 6.82-12.80 Hz; a second bar: 14.24Hz-16.48 Hz.
Referring to fig. 5, the light gray area is the attenuation region of the transmission spectrum. When Rayleigh waves are excited along the direction of the PIKHz, the attenuation region calculated by the transmission spectrum is basically coincided with the full band gap of the energy band structure by calculating the transmission spectrum of the ten rows of square seismic metasoma structure unit cells with the cross-shaped cavity designed by the invention. The seismic metastructure designed by the invention can effectively control and attenuate the seismic surface wave within the full band-gap frequency range.
In conclusion, the square seismic metamaterial structure with the cross-shaped cavity has the characteristic of low-frequency band gap, so that seismic surface waves in the full band gap frequency range can be effectively controlled and attenuated, and the square seismic metamaterial structure with the cross-shaped cavity has good damping performance and a building protection effect.
Claims (3)
1. A square seismic metastructure with a cross-shaped cavity is characterized in that: the seismic metasoma structure is formed by extending seismic metasoma unit cells in two mutually perpendicular directions in a horizontal plane, and is designed below the ground surface at the periphery of a building foundation, and the top surface of the structure is flush with the ground surface; the seismic metasoma unit cell comprises a concrete pile (1) with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer (2), a steel pipe layer (3) and a soil layer (4); the section of the concrete pile (1) is circular, and a through long cross-shaped cavity is arranged in the middle of the section; firstly coating a rubber layer (2) outside the concrete pile (1), then coating a steel pipe layer (3) outside the rubber layer (2), and finally filling a soil layer (4) outside the steel pipe layer (3); when earthquake waves come, the concrete pile with the cross-shaped cavity in the seismic metasoma unit cell, the space between the rubber layer and the steel pipe layer, the unit cell and the unit cell vibrate, and the combined seismic metasoma structure can generate band gaps, so that the seismic surface waves are effectively controlled and attenuated, and the building is protected;
the sections of the rubber layer (2) and the steel pipe layer (3) are circular, the section of the soil layer (4) is square, and a circular through hole is formed in the middle of the soil layer (4);
the radius of the circular section of the concrete pile (1) with the cross-shaped cavity is 0.68m, and the height is 18 m; the middle of the concrete pile (1) is provided with a cross-shaped cavity consisting of two cuboid through holes, each cuboid through hole is 1.2m long, 0.2m wide and 18m high, and the concrete pile (1) is made of C20-C30 plain concrete; the outer radius of the rubber layer (2) is 0.7m, the inner radius is 0.68m, the height is 18m, and industrial rubber is selected; the outer radius of the steel pipe layer (3) is 0.8m, the inner radius is 0.7m, the height is 18m, and a hot-rolled seamless steel pipe is selected; the side length of the square cross section of the soil layer (4) is 2m, the radius of the internal circular through hole is 0.8m, the height is 18m, and the soil layer is made of common sandy soil.
2. A square seismic metastructure having a cross-shaped cavity according to claim 1, wherein: the concrete pile comprises a concrete pile body (1) with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer (2) and a steel pipe layer (3), and the axle centers of the three parts are overlapped.
3. The square seismic metastructure having the cross-shaped cavity according to claim 1, wherein: the concrete pile comprises a concrete pile body (1) with a cross-shaped cavity, a rubber layer (2) and a steel pipe layer (3), wherein the heights of the three parts are the same, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the three parts are on the same horizontal plane.
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| CN113684866A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-11-23 | 北京工业大学 | Low-frequency wide-band-gap seismic glume-plate structure containing depleted uranium |
| CN114108860B (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2023-05-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Damping unit cell with phonon crystal low-frequency filtering characteristic and preparation method thereof |
| CN114703906B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2023-06-27 | 华东交通大学 | Metamaterial shock insulation barrier device capable of simultaneously isolating bulk wave and surface wave |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000080819A (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-21 | Shimizu Corp | Fitting structure for base isolation device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000080819A (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-21 | Shimizu Corp | Fitting structure for base isolation device |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 地震超材料的应用与研究进展;石南南等;《功能材料》;20190930(第9期);第09019-09026页 * |
| 地震超材料的设计与性能研究;曾一;《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士) 工程科技Ⅰ辑》;20200215(第02期);第40-46页 * |
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