CN112663100A - Method for preparing nickel-copper alloy coating on surface of carbon steel - Google Patents
Method for preparing nickel-copper alloy coating on surface of carbon steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of carbon steel, which comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment: pretreating a carbon steel workpiece to obtain a carbon steel base material for later use; (2) preparing an electroplating solution: dissolving nickel sulfate, copper sulfate, trisodium citrate, boric acid, an additive and a brightening agent in deionized water to prepare an electroplating solution for later use, wherein the concentration of each component in the electroplating solution is as follows: 170-200 g/L of nickel sulfate, 5-20 g/L of copper sulfate, 60-100 g/L of trisodium citrate, 10-25 g/L of boric acid, 0.05-1 g/L of additive and 0.1-1 g/L of brightener; (3) preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating: and immersing the carbon steel substrate into the electroplating solution, wherein the carbon steel substrate is used as a cathode, one of Monel, pure nickel, graphite and pure copper is used as an anode, and the nickel-copper alloy coating is formed on the carbon steel substrate through electroplating deposition. The nickel-copper alloy coating prepared by the method not only can effectively solve the corrosion problem of the fluorine electrolytic cell made of carbon steel materials, but also has good thermal conductivity and strong bonding force with the carbon steel base material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nickel-copper alloy coatings, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of carbon steel.
Background
Since the fluorine chemical industry is introduced into the industrialization in the thirties of the twentieth century, the fluorine chemical industry becomes a new industry with high-speed development due to the characteristics of good product performance, diversified varieties, wide application range, high economic benefit and the like. The product can be used in various aspects of life, such as the building industry, the automobile production industry, the electronic processing industry, the aerospace and military industry, the medical and pharmaceutical industry and the like. As new fluorine-containing materials are invented and manufactured, the application range is continuously expanded by people.
The most mature fluorine preparation technology in the fluorine chemical industry at present is an electrolytic fluorine preparation method. The technique is KFH2And anhydrous HF and other electrolytes are used as raw materials, the electrolysis temperature is 90-120 ℃, fluorine is separated out at the anode, and hydrogen is separated out at the cathode. At present, carbon steel and Monel alloy are selected as the material of the electrolytic cell, the Monel alloy is also called as nickel-copper alloy, has excellent acid corrosion resistance, especially hydrofluoric acid corrosion resistance, but is expensive, and the economic cost required for preparing the fluorine electrolytic cell is high; the carbon steel material is cheap, in F2And a compact corrosion product FeF can be generated under the HF environment2Can protect equipment to a certain extent at normal temperature, but when the temperature of a corrosion system exceeds 65 ℃, the corrosion system can be used for preventing corrosion of the equipmentThe rust layer will peel off, so that the metal will be corroded continuously, and the electrolytic cell may be damaged, further the danger of explosion caused by leakage of fluorine gas and hydrogen gas is caused, and the personal and enterprise property safety is seriously harmed, therefore, the production and development of fluorine chemical enterprises are restricted to a certain extent.
In response to the corrosion problem of chemical equipment, various corrosion prevention methods have been developed, such as corrosion-resistant organic coating, teflon-lined plate, chemical vapor deposition, chemical plating, and the like. However, these methods are applied to corrosion prevention of fluorine-making electrolytic cells, and have problems of low thermal conductivity, poor binding force, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of carbon steel, and the nickel-copper alloy coating prepared by the method not only can effectively solve the corrosion problem of a fluorine electrolytic tank made of carbon steel materials, but also has good thermal conductivity and strong bonding force with a carbon steel base material.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of carbon steel specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pretreating a carbon steel workpiece to obtain a carbon steel base material for later use;
(2) preparing an electroplating solution: dissolving nickel sulfate, copper sulfate, trisodium citrate, boric acid, an additive and a brightening agent in deionized water to prepare an electroplating solution for later use, wherein the concentration of each component in the electroplating solution is as follows: 170-200 g/L of nickel sulfate, 5-20 g/L of copper sulfate, 60-100 g/L of trisodium citrate, 10-25 g/L of boric acid, 0.05-1 g/L of additive and 0.1-1 g/L of brightener;
(3) preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating: and immersing the carbon steel substrate into the electroplating solution, wherein the carbon steel substrate is used as a cathode, one of Monel, pure nickel, graphite and pure copper is used as an anode, and the nickel-copper alloy coating is formed on the carbon steel substrate through electroplating deposition.
Further, the additive is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium propenyl sulfonate and coumarin; the brightener is two or more of saccharin sodium, saccharin, 1, 4-butynediol and ethyoxylated butynediol.
Further, the pH value of the electroplating solution is adjusted to 3.5-4.5 before electroplating.
Further, the pH of the plating solution was adjusted with 10% sulfuric acid.
Further, in the step (3), the parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: a direct current power supply is adopted, the temperature of the electroplating solution is 55-65 ℃, and the current density is 2-4A/dm2The electroplating time is 30-60 min.
Further, the pretreatment in the step (1) specifically includes the following steps:
s1 workpiece grinding: polishing a carbon steel workpiece by using sand paper to remove rust and burrs on the surface, so that the surface roughness of the carbon steel workpiece after polishing is 100 nm-500 nm;
s2 alkaline washing: immersing the polished carbon steel workpiece into alkaline washing liquid at 50-70 ℃ for alkaline washing for 5-20 min to remove grease and impurities on the surface of the workpiece;
s3 hot water washing: soaking the carbon steel workpiece subjected to alkali cleaning in hot water at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for 5-10 s, and cleaning the residual alkali cleaning solution on the surface of the carbon steel workpiece;
s4 cold water washing: immersing the hot-water-washed carbon steel workpiece into normal-temperature deionized water for 5-10 s to reduce the temperature of the carbon steel workpiece;
s5 acid washing: soaking the cold water-washed carbon steel workpiece into a pickling solution for pickling for 1-3 min to remove an oxide film on the surface of the carbon steel workpiece and activate the surface of the carbon steel workpiece;
s6 cold water washing: and (3) immersing the pickled carbon steel workpiece into deionized water at normal temperature for 5-10 s, and cleaning the residual pickling solution on the surface of the carbon steel workpiece to obtain the carbon steel substrate.
Further, the alkaline washing liquid is prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate and an alkaline washing additive in deionized water, and the concentration of each component of the alkaline washing liquid is as follows: 5-15 g/L of sodium hydroxide, 15-40 g/L of sodium carbonate, 15-40 g/L of trisodium phosphate, 5-15 g/L of sodium silicate and 0.5-3 g/L of additive.
Further, the alkali washing additive is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and OP-10 emulsifier.
Furthermore, the pickling solution is prepared by diluting and dissolving hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, a pickling additive and a corrosion inhibitor in deionized water, and the concentration of each component of the pickling solution is as follows: 2-10% of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acidwt%, 0.05-2 g/L of additive and 0.5-2 g/L of corrosion inhibitor.
Further, the acid washing additive is one or two of sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the corrosion inhibitor is one or two of urotropin or formoterol.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the standard electrode potential of nickel is-0.23V, the standard electrode potential of copper is +0.34V, the potential difference between the two is 0.57V, and codeposition is difficult to realize in a common plating solution system. According to the invention, nickel sulfate and copper sulfate are used as main salts, a proper amount of trisodium citrate is used as a complexing agent, and a coordination complex ion is formed with copper ions, so that the precipitation potential of the copper ions is reduced, the precipitation potentials of the copper ions are close to each other, codeposition is realized, a nickel-copper alloy coating is grown in situ on the surface of a carbon steel substrate, the bonding force of the nickel-copper alloy coating and the carbon steel substrate is effectively ensured, the nickel-copper alloy coating is composed of 10-30% (Wt) of copper and 70-90% (Wt) of nickel, the heat conductivity coefficient is high, and meanwhile, the nickel-copper alloy coating is uniform, compact, high in hardness and good in corrosion resistance, and can effectively solve the corrosion problem of a carbon steel electrolytic cell.
2. When the content and pH of trisodium citrate are poor, copper ions and citrate ions form insoluble copper-nickel citrate complex, which deteriorates the stability of the plating solution and reduces the number of utilizations. According to the invention, the content of the trisodium citrate is regulated and controlled, so that copper ions in the electroplating solution are completely coordinated, and meanwhile, the trisodium citrate cannot be excessively coordinated with nickel ions to inhibit the precipitation of the nickel ions. By regulating the pH value of the electroplating solution and adopting a proper amount of boric acid as a buffering agent, the pH value of the electroplating solution is kept within a certain range in the storage and use processes, a hydrogen evolution reaction and an insoluble copper-nickel citrate complex are not formed when the pH value is lower, and hydroxide precipitation is not generated when the pH value is higher, so that a plating layer is brittle, rough and pinhole. Therefore, the electroplating solution provided by the invention has good stability and high utilization times, and the prepared nickel-copper alloy plating layer can still achieve good effect after being placed and used for many times for a long time.
3. Compared with a pure nickel coating, the nickel-copper alloy coating has the disadvantages of large crystal grains, high surface roughness and poor brightness due to the addition of copper. The invention reduces the surface tension of the electroplating solution by adding the additive into the electroplating solution, so that H is generated in the electroplating process+The adhesion force of hydrogen bubbles formed by discharging on the surface of the carbon steel workpiece is reduced, and the hydrogen bubbles are not easy to be retained on the surface of the carbon steel and are removed in time, so that pinholes and pockmarks of a plating layer are reduced or eliminated; by using the compounded brightener, the brightener provided by the invention has the brightening effect, and simultaneously has the crystal grain refining effect and the leveling effect, can be adsorbed on the surface characteristic of a cathode to form a layer of barrier, so that the resistance of electrode reaction is increased, the reduction reaction of metal ions is difficult, the exchange current density is reduced, the cathode polarization performance during electrodeposition is enhanced, the nucleation speed of crystal nuclei is increased, the growth speed of the crystal nuclei is delayed, the crystal grains of a plating layer are refined, the brightness is good, the density is higher, and the corrosion resistance is better.
4. Aiming at chemical equipment such as a fluorine-making electrolytic cell under strong corrosivity and high-temperature environment, an anticorrosive coating needs to reach a certain thickness to meet the requirement of anticorrosive design on the premise of not sacrificing performance. Factors that affect the thickness of the plating layer include mainly current density, plating time, and plating solution temperature. The temperature rise can accelerate the ion diffusion speed, reduce the electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization, reduce the precipitation of hydrogen and impurity ions, and improve the dispersion capacity and the covering capacity of the plating solution; however, excessive temperature may cause hydrolysis of the plating solution, and at the same time, the evaporation capacity of the plating solution increases, and the solution is concentrated, which may result in coarsening of crystal grains of the cathode product. When the cathode current density is increased, the deposition speed of the coating is high, and the production efficiency is high; however, too high a current density results in a porous coating, blackening of edges and tips, and a reduced copper content. According to the invention, on the premise of not sacrificing the performance of the plating layer, the temperature of the plating solution is increased, and meanwhile, the conductivity and the electrodeposition efficiency of the plating solution are improved by adopting larger cathode current density and electroplating time, so that the prepared nickel-copper alloy plating layer can reach larger thickness, and meanwhile, the copper content of the plating layer is improved by matching with the use of additives and brightening agents, the grain size of the plating layer is reduced, and the prepared plating layer can meet the anti-corrosion requirement of the fluorine-making electrolytic cell in a strong-corrosion environment.
5. Compared with a pulse power supply commonly adopted in the traditional coating preparation process, the direct current power supply is adopted for electroplating, so that the cost can be reduced, a direct current power supply with high power is provided for the electrolysis fluorine preparation process, and the nickel-copper alloy coating can be directly prepared without independently purchasing other power supplies.
Drawings
Fig. 1-macroscopic picture of the nickel-copper alloy plating obtained in example 1.
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the micro-morphology of the nickel-copper alloy plating layer obtained in example 1 under different magnifications.
FIG. 3 EDS chart of nickel-copper alloy plating obtained in example 1.
Figure 4-XRD pattern of nickel-copper alloy plating obtained in example 1.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of four samples of carbon steel Q235, Monel, nickel plating, and nickel-copper alloy plating obtained in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the potential polarization curves of four samples of carbon steel Q235, monel, nickel plating, and nickel-copper alloy plating obtained in example 1.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a comparison of the annual corrosion depths of four samples of carbon steel Q235, monel, nickel plating, and nickel-copper alloy plating obtained in example 1.
FIG. 8-electroplating system for preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating on the inner surface of the bath body of an electrolytic bath.
Fig. 9-macroscopic picture of the nickel-copper alloy plating obtained in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Polishing a workpiece: the electroplating cathode material is Q235 carbon steel and is processed into a rectangular sample of 50mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 2 mm. A small hole is punched right above the top end of the sample, and the size of the hole is 2mm in diameter. And (3) polishing the sample on a polishing machine by using water-resistant sand paper of 180#, 400#, 800# and 1000# in sequence to remove rust and burrs on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the front surface, the back surface and the side edges of the sample are treated until the surface of the material has no obvious scratch, is flat and bright, and has the surface roughness of 200 +/-50 nm. And riveting the treated workpiece by using a copper wire. The electroplating anode material is also polished in the same way. After polishing, riveting by using a copper wire, and sealing the joint by using epoxy resin.
(2) Alkali washing for oil removal: and (3) immersing the polished workpiece into alkaline washing liquid at 55 ℃ for alkaline washing for 20 minutes to remove grease and impurities on the surface of the workpiece. The alkaline washing solution comprises the following components: 5g/L of sodium hydroxide, 15g/L of sodium carbonate, 15g/L of trisodium phosphate, 5g/L of sodium silicate and 0.5g/L of lauryl sodium sulfate. The preparation method of the alkaline washing liquid comprises the following steps: and (3) filling 2/3 deionized water into a beaker, fully dissolving the former raw material in the beaker according to the sequence of the raw materials of the alkaline washing solution, then sequentially adding the next raw material, and finally performing constant volume to 1L by using a volumetric flask. During preparation, the beaker is placed into an ultrasonic cleaner and stirred at the same time of ultrasonic treatment, so that the dissolution of the raw materials is promoted.
(3) Hot water washing: immediately immersing the workpiece subjected to alkali washing into hot water of 60 ℃ for 10 seconds, and cleaning the residual alkali washing liquid on the surface of the workpiece;
(4) and (3) cold water washing: the workpiece washed by hot water is immediately immersed into normal-temperature deionized water for washing for 10 seconds, so that residual alkaline washing liquid on the surface of the workpiece is further washed, the temperature of the workpiece is reduced, and the workpiece is prevented from being corroded due to too high temperature in acid washing;
(5) acid washing: and immediately immersing the washed workpiece into a pickling solution for pickling for 1 minute, removing an oxide film on the surface of the workpiece, and activating the surface of the workpiece. The pickling solution comprises the following components: hydrochloric acid 10%, (Wt), 0.05g/L of lauryl sodium sulfate and 0.5g/L of urotropine. The preparation method of the pickling solution comprises the following steps: adding deionized water into hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid with the original concentration to dilute to the required concentration, adding an acid cleaning additive and a corrosion inhibitor, and stirring and dissolving uniformly to obtain the acid cleaning solution.
(6) And (3) cold water washing: immediately immersing the pickled workpiece into normal-temperature deionized water for cleaning for 10 seconds, and cleaning the residual pickling solution on the surface of the workpiece;
(7) preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating: and immediately immersing the pretreated workpiece into the prepared nickel-copper alloy electroplating solution for electroplating to prepare a nickel-copper alloy coating. The nickel-copper alloy electroplating solution comprises the following components: 170g/L of nickel sulfate, 5g/L of copper sulfate, 70g/L of trisodium citrate, 10g/L of boric acid, 0.05g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.05g/L of sodium propenyl sulfonate, 0.1g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.1g/L of 1, 4-butynediol and the balance of deionized water. The preparation method of the electroplating solution comprises the following steps: the beaker is filled with 2/3 deionized water, the former raw material is fully dissolved in the beaker according to the sequence of the raw materials of the electroplating solution, then the next raw material is added in sequence, and finally the volume is determined to be 1L by a volumetric flask. During preparation, the beaker is placed into an ultrasonic cleaner and stirred at the same time of ultrasonic treatment, so that the dissolution of the raw materials is promoted. The pH value of the prepared plating solution is adjusted to 3.8 by using 10 percent sulfuric acid. The parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the adopted power supply is a direct current power supply, the temperature of the electroplating solution is 55 ℃, and the current density is 2.5A/dm2The plating time was 60 minutes. During electroplating, the anode is Monel alloy, the cathode is Q235 steel, the area ratio of the cathode to the anode is 1: 1, and the distance between the cathode and the anode is 5 cm.
(8) Cleaning and drying: and cleaning the prepared plating layer with deionized water, drying, filling into a sample bag, and drying for storage.
The thickness of the nickel-copper alloy plating layer obtained in this example was 28. + -.2. mu.m, and the roughness thereof was 0.24. + -. 0.01. mu.m.
1. The macroscopic picture, the microscopic morphology SEM picture, the EDS picture and the XRD picture of the nickel-copper alloy plating layer obtained in this example are shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4, respectively:
fig. 2 (a) is a microscopic morphology SEM image with a magnification of 1000 × and fig. 2 (b) is a microscopic morphology SEM image with a magnification of 5000 × from fig. 2, it can be seen that the nickel-copper alloy plating layer has a flat and uniform surface, no obvious defects, no holes after being magnified, a dense plating layer, and fine grains.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the nickel-copper alloy coating has no iron element, and the Ni element content is high and reaches 87.24% by mass; the content of Cu element is less, the mass fraction is 12.76%, which shows that the carbon steel substrate is completely covered, and the compactness and the integrity of the nickel-copper alloy coating are better.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the X-ray diffraction spectrum of the plating layer shows a weaker (111) crystal plane diffraction peak at about 44.5 degrees and a stronger (200) crystal plane diffraction peak at 51.8 degrees, and the diffraction pattern is compared with standard cards of pure copper and pure nickel, so that the two diffraction peaks are both located between the diffraction peaks of copper and nickel, and no simple substance copper or nickel exists in the plating layer, which indicates that the nickel-copper alloy plating layer is successfully prepared.
2. The electrochemical impedance spectrum test and the potentiodynamic polarization curve test are carried out on four samples of Q235 carbon steel (Q235), Monel (Monel), a nickel coating (Ni) and a nickel-copper alloy coating (Ni-Cu) prepared in the embodiment, the test results are respectively shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, as can be seen from fig. 5, the capacitive arc radius of the carbon steel sample without any protection is obviously smaller than that of the other three samples, the low-frequency impedance modulus value is nearly one order of magnitude smaller, the phase angle is smaller, the corrosion degree of a matrix can be obviously reduced by carrying out coating protection on the carbon steel, the low-frequency impedance modulus value of the nickel-copper alloy coating is larger than that of the nickel coating and the Monel, and the corrosion resistance of the nickel-copper alloy coating is higher than that of the nickel coating and the Monel. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the self-corrosion potential of the unprotected Q235 carbon steel is-0.81V, and the self-corrosion potentials of other materials are-0.2V to-0.3V, so that the corrosion tendency of the carbon steel sample is obviously reduced after the electroplating protection treatment, and is similar to the low corrosion tendency of the Monel alloy. The corrosion current density of Q235 carbon steel is 4.39 multiplied by 10-4A/cm2The corrosion current densities of the Monel alloy, the nickel plating layer and the nickel-copper alloy plating layer are respectively 1.19X 10-4A/cm2、2.09×10-4A/cm2、1.62×10-4A/cm2It can be seen that the monel alloy has the minimum corrosion current density, and the corrosion current density of the nickel-copper alloy coating is smaller than that of the nickel coating, which indicates that the nickel-copper alloy coating prepared on the surface of the carbon steel by electroplating can achieve the purpose of corrosion resistance, and has better corrosion resistance than the common nickel coating, so that the monel alloy can achieve the expected effect when being applied to a fluorine-making electrolytic cell.
3. Four samples of Q235 carbon steel, Monel, nickel plating and nickel-copper alloy plating prepared in this example were placed in a fluorine-making environment for a 50-day coupon experiment, and the experimental results are shown in FIG. 7: the annual corrosion depth of the carbon steel is 0.04421mm/a, the annual corrosion depth of the Monel alloy is 0.00396mm/a, the annual corrosion depth of the nickel coating is 0.00305mm/a, and the annual corrosion depth of the nickel-copper alloy coating is 0.00103mm/a, so that the corrosion speed of the electrolytic bath for preparing fluorine can be obviously reduced, and a better corrosion prevention effect is achieved.
Example 2
(1) Polishing a workpiece: the method described with reference to example 1;
(2) alkali washing for oil removal: and (3) immersing the polished workpiece into alkaline washing liquid at 60 ℃ for alkaline washing for 10 minutes to remove grease and impurities on the surface of the workpiece. The alkaline washing solution comprises the following components: 15g/L of sodium hydroxide, 20g/L of sodium carbonate, 35g/L of trisodium phosphate, 15g/L of sodium silicate and 1g/L of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The alkaline washing solution was prepared according to the method described in example 1.
(3) Hot water washing: the method described with reference to example 1;
(4) and (3) cold water washing: the method described with reference to example 1;
(5) acid washing: and immediately immersing the washed workpiece into a pickling solution for pickling for 2 minutes, removing an oxide film on the surface of the workpiece, and activating the surface of the workpiece. The pickling solution comprises the following components: sulfuric acid 5%, (Wt), 0.1g/L sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 1g/L of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Preparation of pickling solution the method described in example 1 was followed.
(6) And (3) cold water washing: the method described with reference to example 1;
(7) electroplating a nickel-copper alloy coating: the nickel-copper alloy electroplating solution comprises the following components: 180g/L of nickel sulfate, 10g/L of copper sulfate, 80g/L of trisodium citrate, 15g/L of boric acid, 0.1g/L of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.1g/L of coumarin, 0.2g/L of saccharin sodium, 0.3g/L of ethoxylated butynediol and the balance of deionized water. The plating solution was prepared according to the method described in example 1. The pH value of the prepared plating solution is adjusted to 4.2 by using 10 percent sulfuric acid. The parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the adopted power supply is a direct current power supply, the temperature of the plating solution is 60 ℃, and the current density is 4A/dm2The plating time isFor 50 minutes. During electroplating, the anode is pure nickel, the cathode is Q235 steel, the area ratio of the cathode to the anode is 1: 2, and the distance between the cathode and the anode is 15 cm.
(8) Cleaning and drying: and cleaning the prepared plating layer with deionized water, drying, filling into a sample bag, and drying for storage.
The thickness of the nickel-copper alloy coating obtained in the embodiment is 30 +/-2 mu m, the roughness is 0.25 +/-0.01 mu m, and the contents of nickel and copper in the nickel-copper alloy coating are respectively 85 +/-2Wt.% and 15. + -. 2Wt.%。
Example 3
Referring to fig. 8, a nickel-copper alloy plating layer is prepared on the inner surface of the electrolytic bath body by using the electroplating system shown in fig. 8.
(1) Polishing and installing a groove body: polishing the inner wall of an electrolytic cell (cathode) made of carbon steel by using sand paper of 180 meshes to 2000 meshes until the surface roughness is 250 +/-50 nm, and cleaning impurities. And after the cathode is cleaned, the cathode is kept dry, placed at a specified position and connected with a water inlet and outlet pipeline. The anode is polished to smooth the surface without impurities and burrs, and is cleaned by purified water.
(2) Equipment installation: and after the preparation work in the earlier stage is finished, the anode plate is installed, the distance is adjusted to be 50-100 mm, and a cathode and anode power line, a water inlet and outlet pipeline, a temperature sensor and an air sealing cover are installed.
(3) Preheating water temperature of a pipeline: and opening a test data report recording switch in the DCS electrolytic tank. Opening a circulating water outlet valve A4 of the electrolytic cell, opening a 90 ℃ hot water valve A1, simultaneously opening a tap water inlet valve A2, adjusting the opening degree of the two valves, adjusting the inlet water temperature T3 to be 60-65 ℃ and the outlet temperature T4 to be stabilized at 60-65 ℃.
(4) Alkali washing for oil removal: opening K2 and K5, transferring the alkali liquor with the temperature of 60-65 ℃ (T2) into the electrolytic cell through a pneumatic diaphragm pump, and closing K2 and K5 when the electrolytic cell is full. Soaking and alkali washing for 15 minutes. And C2 is opened after the alkali washing is finished, the alkali washing liquid is transferred to an alkali liquor barrel through a pneumatic diaphragm pump for storage, and C2 is closed after the alkali washing is finished. The preparation and heating method of the alkali liquor comprises the following steps: adding the alkaline solution formula in the embodiment 1 into a plastic barrel, adding purified water to a constant volume of 110L, uniformly stirring by using a stirrer, heating by using an electric heating belt, controlling the temperature T2 of the alkaline solution to be 60-65 ℃ by using a temperature controller W2, and preserving heat for later use.
(5) Washing with water: opening K4, K6 and C4, spraying and washing the inner wall of the electrolytic cell for 1-3 min by using normal-temperature purified water, and closing K4, K6 and C4 after washing. And (4) independently collecting the waste liquid after washing in a waste liquid barrel, and mechanically applying or centrally treating at a later stage.
(6) Acid washing: and opening K3 and K6, and cleaning the inner wall of the tank body for 3min by a pneumatic diaphragm pump. After pickling, K3 and K6 are closed, C3 is opened, the pickling solution is transferred to an original barrel through a pneumatic diaphragm pump for storage, and C3 is closed after extraction. The preparation method of the pickling solution comprises the following steps: the pickling solution formula described in example 1 was placed in a plastic bucket, purified water was added to a constant volume of 110L, and the mixture was stirred uniformly with a stirrer for further use.
(7) Washing with water: opening K4, K6 and C4, cleaning the inner wall of the electrolytic cell for 1-3 min by using normal-temperature purified water, and closing K4, K6 and C4 after the cleaning is finished. And (4) independently collecting the washed waste liquid into a waste liquid barrel, and mechanically applying or centrally treating at a later stage.
(8) Electroplating a nickel-copper alloy coating: opening K1 and K5, transferring the electroplating solution with the temperature of 60-65 ℃ (T1) into an electrolytic cell by using an air diaphragm pump, closing A4, opening A3 and A5, introducing hot water with the temperature of 60-65 ℃ into a jacket, and closing K1 and K5 after adding. And starting a power supply of the rectifier to start electroplating. The current is 600A, and the electroplating time is 30 minutes. In the electroplating process, the temperature T5 in the electrolytic bath is maintained at 60-65 ℃ by adjusting the opening degree of the A1 and A2 valves. The preparation method of the electroplating solution comprises the following steps: adding the formula of the electroplating solution obtained in the embodiment 1 into a plastic barrel, and adding purified water until the volume is 110L in an electroplating solution ton barrel; adding a certain amount of 10% sulfuric acid into an electroplating solution ton barrel, and adjusting the pH value of the electroplating solution to 4-4.2; and starting the temperature controller W1, heating the electroplating solution by using an electric heating belt, controlling the temperature T1 to be 60-65 ℃, and preserving heat for later use.
(9) Cleaning and drying: after the electroplating is finished, the power supply is turned off, the C1 is turned on, the electroplating solution is transferred to a ton bucket by a pneumatic diaphragm pump for storage, and the C1 is closed after the electroplating is finished. Opening K4, K6 and C4, cleaning the cathode and the anode of the tank body by using normal-temperature purified water, closing K4, K6 and C4 after the cleaning is finished, and transferring the cleaned wastewater into a plating solution wastewater barrel for centralized treatment.
The nickel-copper alloy coating obtained in this exampleThe macroscopic picture is shown in fig. 9. The thickness of the nickel-copper alloy coating obtained in the embodiment is 28 +/-2 mu m, the roughness is 0.24 +/-0.01 mu m, and the contents of nickel and copper in the nickel-copper alloy coating are respectively 87 +/-2Wt.% and 13. + -. 2Wt.%。
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Variations and modifications in other variations will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of carbon steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: pretreating a carbon steel workpiece to obtain a carbon steel base material for later use;
(2) preparing an electroplating solution: dissolving nickel sulfate, copper sulfate, trisodium citrate, boric acid, an additive and a brightening agent in deionized water to prepare an electroplating solution for later use, wherein the concentration of each component in the electroplating solution is as follows: 170-200 g/L of nickel sulfate, 5-20 g/L of copper sulfate, 60-100 g/L of trisodium citrate, 10-25 g/L of boric acid, 0.05-1 g/L of additive and 0.1-1 g/L of brightener;
(3) preparing a nickel-copper alloy coating: and immersing the carbon steel substrate into the electroplating solution, wherein the carbon steel substrate is used as a cathode, one of Monel, pure nickel, graphite and pure copper is used as an anode, and the nickel-copper alloy coating is formed on the carbon steel substrate through electroplating deposition.
2. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the additive is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium propenyl sulfonate and coumarin; the brightener is two or more of saccharin sodium, saccharin, 1, 4-butynediol and ethyoxylated butynediol.
3. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH value of the electroplating solution is adjusted to 3.5-4.5 before electroplating.
4. A method of forming a nickel-copper alloy coating on a surface of carbon steel as claimed in claim 3 wherein the pH of the plating solution is adjusted using 10% sulfuric acid.
5. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the electroplating process parameters are as follows: a direct current power supply is adopted, the temperature of the electroplating solution is 55-65 ℃, and the current density is 2-4A/dm2The electroplating time is 30-60 min.
6. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel according to claim 1, wherein the pretreatment in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 workpiece grinding: polishing a carbon steel workpiece by using sand paper to remove rust and burrs on the surface, so that the surface roughness of the carbon steel workpiece after polishing is 100 nm-500 nm;
s2 alkaline washing: immersing the polished carbon steel workpiece into alkaline washing liquid at 50-70 ℃ for alkaline washing for 5-20 min to remove grease and impurities on the surface of the workpiece;
s3 hot water washing: soaking the carbon steel workpiece subjected to alkali cleaning in hot water at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ for 5-10 s, and cleaning the residual alkali cleaning solution on the surface of the carbon steel workpiece;
s4 cold water washing: immersing the hot-water-washed carbon steel workpiece into normal-temperature deionized water for 5-10 s to reduce the temperature of the carbon steel workpiece;
s5 acid washing: soaking the cold water-washed carbon steel workpiece into a pickling solution for pickling for 1-3 min to remove an oxide film on the surface of the carbon steel workpiece and activate the surface of the carbon steel workpiece;
s6 cold water washing: and (3) immersing the pickled carbon steel workpiece into deionized water at normal temperature for 5-10 s, and cleaning the residual pickling solution on the surface of the carbon steel workpiece to obtain the carbon steel substrate.
7. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel as recited in claim 6, wherein the alkaline solution is prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, sodium silicate and alkaline washing additive in deionized water, and the concentrations of the components of the alkaline solution are as follows: 5-15 g/L of sodium hydroxide, 15-40 g/L of sodium carbonate, 15-40 g/L of trisodium phosphate, 5-15 g/L of sodium silicate and 0.5-3 g/L of additive.
8. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel as recited in claim 7, wherein the alkaline washing additive is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and OP-10 emulsifier.
9. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pickling solution is prepared by diluting and dissolving hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, a pickling additive and a corrosion inhibitor in deionized water, and the concentrations of the components of the pickling solution are as follows: 2-10% of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acidwt%, 0.05-2 g/L of additive and 0.5-2 g/L of corrosion inhibitor.
10. The method for preparing the nickel-copper alloy coating on the surface of the carbon steel as recited in claim 9, wherein the pickling additive is one or two of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; the corrosion inhibitor is one or two of urotropin or formoterol.
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