CN112662970A - Environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method and device - Google Patents
Environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment device which comprises a pressure gauge, a vent valve, a vacuum pump, a gas cylinder, a sealed circulating fan, a furnace cover, a furnace body, a furnace liner, an air return cylinder and a heating body, wherein the pressure gauge is connected with the inside of a hearth through a gas path pipeline so as to measure the gas pressure in the hearth; the vacuum pump and the gas cylinder are connected with a gas path pipeline by a DN25 interface, so that the hearth can be conveniently vacuumized and filled with inert gas; the vent valve is connected to the front end of the vacuum pump; the sealed circulating fan is fixed on the furnace cover through threads and used for forcibly circulating the atmosphere in the furnace; the furnace body, the furnace liner and the air return cylinder are fixedly connected, and the heating body is fixed on heat-insulating cotton or refractory bricks in the furnace to heat the hearth. After the magnesium alloy casting is subjected to heat treatment by using the heat treatment method, the mechanical property requirements of relevant standards of aerospace can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method and device, in particular to a process method for charging colorless, tasteless and nontoxic protective gas during heat treatment of a magnesium alloy part, which ensures that the magnesium alloy part is not oxidized and combusted in the heat treatment process, and the heat treatment process does not seriously pollute the ecological environment, and belongs to the technical field of heat treatment.
Background
In order to reduce the structural weight and improve the product performance of aerospace products, light alloy materials are widely applied to replace traditional steel materials, and magnesium alloy materials have the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, good casting and processing performances and the like, and are increasingly widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation and the like with higher requirements on structural lightweight. The cast magnesium alloy has poor comprehensive mechanical properties, and needs to be subjected to heat treatment to improve the strength and the plasticity; meanwhile, the magnesium alloy has active chemical properties and is easy to oxidize and burn during heat treatment in air, so that protective measures are required to be taken during the heat treatment process of the magnesium alloy to ensure the production safety and the casting quality.
At present, the mainstream magnesium alloy casting heat treatment protection method in China is ferro sulphur (FeS)2) The mine protection method is that when magnesium alloy castings are subjected to heat treatment, a certain amount of pyrite (FeS) is simultaneously put into a heat treatment furnace2) FeS during the entire heat treatment2With O in the furnace2Reaction is carried out: 4FeS2+11O2→2Fe2O3+8SO2Continuously consume O in the furnace2The oxygen content in the furnace is reduced, and the magnesium alloy casting can not be mixed with sufficient O2The reaction is carried out, so that the oxidation and the combustion are not easy to occur, and the good protection is obtained.
However, the adoption of the pyrite protection method during the heat treatment of the magnesium alloy casting can produce the pyrite protection method in the whole heat treatmentContinuously generating SO in the process2Gas, the following problems arise: (1) SO (SO)2Gas can harm the ecological environment, and national policy is on SO2The gas emission is strictly limited, and the limitation is more strict as governments pay more attention to ecological environment protection; (2) SO (SO)2The gas has strong irritation to the respiratory system of the human body and potential carcinogenic effect, and has threat to the health of field operating personnel; (3) SO (SO)2The gas corrodes steel materials used by the heat treatment equipment, so that the equipment is damaged, the equipment maintenance frequency is accelerated, and the production cost is increased. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative effects of the magnesium alloy heat treatment production process on the ecological environment and operators and simultaneously reduce the production cost, the environment-friendly magnesium alloy heat treatment protective medium is used for replacing FeS2Has been in great need.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides an environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method and a device, and uses environment-friendly protective media to replace the traditional pyrite protection method SO as to eliminate SO2Negative effects of gases on the environment, personnel, equipment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, manufacturing heat treatment equipment: comprises a pressure gauge, a vent valve, a vacuum pump, a gas cylinder, a sealed circulating fan, a furnace cover, a furnace body, a furnace liner, a wind returning cylinder and a heating body,
the pressure gauge is connected with the interior of the hearth through a gas path pipeline so as to measure the gas pressure in the hearth; the vacuum pump and the gas cylinder are connected with a gas path pipeline by a DN25 interface, so that the hearth can be conveniently vacuumized and filled with inert gas; the vent valve is connected to the front end of the vacuum pump; the sealed circulating fan is fixed on the furnace cover through threads and used for forcibly circulating the atmosphere in the furnace; the furnace body, the furnace liner and the air return cylinder are fixedly connected, and the heating body is fixed on heat-insulating cotton or refractory bricks in the furnace to heat the hearth;
the furnace cover is connected with the furnace body through a hydraulic device and can be opened upwards or closed downwards after being electrified, the periphery of the furnace cover is provided with a silica gel packing and a graphite packing for double-layer sealing, and a groove is formed in the corresponding part of the furnace body, so that the furnace cover can be tightly pressed with the furnace body after being closed, and the sealing performance of the furnace is ensured.
S2, when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 100 ℃, charging the part to be heat-treated, and closing the furnace cover;
s3, pumping out air in the hearth by using a vacuum pump, and ensuring that the vacuum degree in the hearth is less than or equal to-0.095 MPa;
s4, filling protective gas, closing the valve when the pressure in the furnace reaches negative pressure of-0.06 MPa to-0.02 MPa, stopping filling gas, and preventing the magnesium alloy parts from being oxidized or combusted in the heat treatment process;
s5, setting the heating temperature, the heating speed and the heat preservation time of the heat treatment, wherein the heating temperature and the heat preservation time are determined according to different materials, the heating speed is 80-120 ℃/h, and the heat treatment is carried out on the magnesium alloy part.
Furthermore, the range of the pressure gauge is-0.1 MPa to 0.6 MPa.
Further, the protective gas is a neutral gas or an inert gas which is nontoxic, colorless and tasteless.
Further, the pressure of the protective gas in the furnace is between-0.06 MPa and-0.02 MPa, and the pressure in the furnace is between 0.02MPa and 0.05MPa after the protective gas is heated to the temperature required by the process.
Further, when the furnace temperature reaches a preset value, the magnesium alloy casting is kept warm for 15-30 hours.
Further, the protective gas is CO2Or Ar.
Furthermore, when protective gas is filled into the hearth, negative pressure of-0.02 MPa is filled, and as the temperature of the furnace rises, the gas expands to make the interior of the hearth become positive pressure.
An environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment device comprises a pressure gauge, a vent valve, a vacuum pump, a gas cylinder, a sealed circulating fan, a furnace cover, a furnace body, a furnace liner, a wind returning cylinder and a heating body,
the pressure gauge is connected with the interior of the hearth through a gas path pipeline so as to measure the gas pressure in the hearth; the vacuum pump and the gas cylinder are connected with a gas path pipeline by a DN25 interface, so that the hearth can be conveniently vacuumized and filled with inert gas; the vent valve is connected to the front end of the vacuum pump; the sealed circulating fan is fixed on the furnace cover through threads and used for forcibly circulating the atmosphere in the furnace; the furnace body, the furnace liner and the air return cylinder are fixedly connected, and the heating body is fixed on heat-insulating cotton or refractory bricks in the furnace to heat the hearth;
the furnace cover is connected with the furnace body through a hydraulic device and can be opened upwards or closed downwards after being electrified, the periphery of the furnace cover is provided with a silica gel packing and a graphite packing for double-layer sealing, and a groove is formed in the corresponding part of the furnace body, so that the furnace cover can be tightly pressed with the furnace body after being closed, and the sealing performance of the furnace is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention connects the heat treatment furnace, the vacuum pump and the high-pressure gas cylinder through the standard parts, the manufacture is simpler and more convenient, and meanwhile, the magnesium alloy heat treatment equipment using pyrite can be conveniently transformed, and the manufacture or transformation cost of the equipment is reduced;
(2) the invention uses CO2The protection of the heat treatment process of the magnesium alloy by neutral or inert gases such as Ar and the like can reduce or even eliminate SO generated by the traditional pyrite protection method2Gas, reduction of SO2The harm of gas to personnel, equipment and the environment;
(3) according to the heat treatment method, when protective gas is filled into the hearth, negative pressure of-0.02 MPa is filled, and the gas expands along with the rise of the temperature of the furnace, so that the interior of the hearth becomes positive pressure, and air is prevented from entering the interior of the hearth;
(4) after the magnesium alloy casting is subjected to heat treatment by using the heat treatment method, the mechanical property requirements of relevant standards of aerospace can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural view of a heat treatment apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
An environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, manufacturing heat treatment equipment: comprises a pressure gauge 1, a vent valve 2, a vacuum pump 3, a gas cylinder 4, a sealed circulating fan 5, a furnace cover 6, a furnace body 7, a furnace pipe 8, an air return cylinder 9 and a heating body 10,
the pressure gauge 1 is connected with the interior of the hearth through a gas path pipeline so as to measure the gas pressure in the hearth; the vacuum pump 3 and the gas cylinder 4 are connected with a gas path pipeline by a DN25 interface, so that the hearth can be conveniently vacuumized and filled with inert gas; the vent valve 2 is connected with the front end of the vacuum pump 3; the sealed circulating fan 5 is fixed on the furnace cover 6 through threads and used for forcibly circulating the atmosphere in the furnace; the furnace body 7, the furnace pipe 8 and the air return cylinder 9 are fixedly connected, and the heating body 10 is fixed on heat-insulating cotton or refractory bricks in the furnace to heat the hearth;
the furnace cover 6 is connected with the furnace body through a hydraulic device and can be opened upwards or closed downwards after being electrified, the silica gel packing and the graphite packing are arranged on the periphery of the furnace cover 6 to carry out double-layer sealing, and a groove is formed in the corresponding part of the furnace body, so that the furnace cover 6 can be tightly pressed with the furnace body 7 after being closed, and the sealing performance of the furnace is ensured.
S2, when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 100 ℃, charging the part to be heat-treated, and closing the furnace cover;
s3, pumping out air in the hearth by using a vacuum pump, and ensuring that the vacuum degree in the hearth is less than or equal to-0.095 MPa;
s4, filling protective gas, closing the valve when the pressure in the furnace reaches negative pressure of-0.06 MPa to-0.02 MPa, stopping filling gas, and preventing the magnesium alloy parts from being oxidized or combusted in the heat treatment process;
s5, setting the heating temperature, the heating speed and the heat preservation time of the heat treatment, wherein the heating temperature and the heat preservation time are determined according to different materials, the heating speed is 80-120 ℃/h, and the heat treatment is carried out on the magnesium alloy part.
The range of the pressure gauge is-0.1 MPa to 0.6 MPa.
The protective gas is nontoxic, colorless and tasteless neutral gas or inert gas.
The pressure of the protective gas in the furnace is between-0.06 MPa and-0.02 MPa, and the pressure in the furnace is between 0.02MPa and 0.05MPa after the protective gas is heated to the temperature required by the process.
And when the furnace temperature reaches a preset value, preserving the heat of the magnesium alloy casting for 15-30 hours.
The protective gas being CO2Or Ar.
When protective gas is filled into the hearth, negative pressure of-0.02 MPa is filled, and as the temperature of the furnace rises, the gas expands to change the pressure in the hearth into positive pressure.
An environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment device is shown in figure 1 and comprises a pressure gauge 1, a vent valve 2, a vacuum pump 3, a gas cylinder 4, a sealed circulating fan 5, a furnace cover 6, a furnace body 7, a furnace liner 8, an air return cylinder 9 and a heating body 10,
the pressure gauge 1 is connected with the interior of the hearth through a gas path pipeline so as to measure the gas pressure in the hearth; the vacuum pump 3 and the gas cylinder 4 are connected with a gas path pipeline by a DN25 interface, so that the hearth can be conveniently vacuumized and filled with inert gas; the vent valve 2 is connected with the front end of the vacuum pump 3; the sealed circulating fan 5 is fixed on the furnace cover 6 through threads and used for forcibly circulating the atmosphere in the furnace; the furnace body 7, the furnace pipe 8 and the air return cylinder 9 are fixedly connected, and the heating body 10 is fixed on heat-insulating cotton or refractory bricks in the furnace to heat the hearth;
the furnace cover 6 is connected with the furnace body through a hydraulic device and can be opened upwards or closed downwards after being electrified, the silica gel packing and the graphite packing are arranged on the periphery of the furnace cover 6 to carry out double-layer sealing, and a groove is formed in the corresponding part of the furnace body, so that the furnace cover 6 can be tightly pressed with the furnace body 7 after being closed, and the sealing performance of the furnace is ensured.
Examples
An environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method, as shown in fig. 2, comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and turning on a power supply to electrify the equipment and start working, and checking whether a transmission mechanism, instruments and meters and the like of the equipment are normal or not.
(2) Opening a furnace cover, and when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 100 ℃, putting magnesium alloy parts;
(3) if the magnesium alloy parts are placed in the heat treatment equipment, closing the furnace cover and locking the sealing bolt;
(4) vacuumizing: closing a vent valve on the furnace body, opening the vent valve between the vacuum pump and the hearth, opening a vacuum pump switch on the control cabinet, and starting to vacuumize; when the vacuum pumping is carried out until the reading of the pressure gauge is between-0.095 MPa, the vent valve between the vacuum pump and the hearth is closed, and the switch of the vacuum pump on the control cabinet is closed.
(5) Charging CO2Protective gas: and opening an inflation switch on the control cabinet, then opening a pressure dividing valve on the gas cylinder, and closing the inflation switch on the control cabinet and the pressure dividing valve on the gas cylinder when the gas is inflated until the reading of a pressure gauge is between-0.06 MPa and-0.02 MPa.
(6) Opening cooling water to cool the sealed circulating fan, and preventing the fan from generating mechanical failure due to overheating, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is lower than 45 ℃;
(7) turning on a fan switch and a heating switch, starting heat treatment on the magnesium alloy part, and when the temperature in the furnace reaches the process required temperature, controlling the pressure in the furnace to be 0.02-0.05 MPa;
(8) heating the magnesium alloy part to a single-phase region and preserving heat to ensure that alloy elements are completely dissolved in a solid state and enter a matrix to form a supersaturated solid solution;
(9) taking out the sample after the heat treatment is finished; and closing a fan switch and a heating switch, opening a vent valve on the furnace body to keep the air pressure in the furnace consistent with the atmospheric pressure, then opening the furnace cover, and quickly taking out the sample.
(10) After the furnace temperature is lower than 100 ℃, the cooling water is closed;
(11) the power is turned off.
The invention connects the heat treatment furnace, the vacuum pump and the high-pressure gas cylinder through the standard parts, the manufacture is simpler and more convenient, and meanwhile, the magnesium alloy heat treatment equipment using pyrite can be conveniently transformed, and the manufacture or transformation cost of the equipment is reduced;
the invention uses CO2The protection of the heat treatment process of the magnesium alloy by neutral or inert gases such as Ar and the like can reduce or even eliminate SO generated by the traditional pyrite protection method2The gas is a mixture of a gas and a water,reduction of SO2The harm of gas to personnel, equipment and the environment;
according to the heat treatment method, when protective gas is filled into the hearth, negative pressure of-0.02 MPa is filled, and the gas expands along with the rise of the temperature of the furnace, so that the interior of the hearth becomes positive pressure, and air is prevented from entering the interior of the hearth;
after the magnesium alloy casting is subjected to heat treatment by using the heat treatment method, the mechanical property requirements of relevant standards of aerospace can be met.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.
Claims (10)
1. An environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, manufacturing heat treatment equipment: comprises a pressure gauge (1), a vent valve (2), a vacuum pump (3), a gas cylinder (4), a sealed circulating fan (5), a furnace cover (6), a furnace body (7), a furnace pipe (8), an air return cylinder (9) and a heating body (10),
the pressure gauge (1) is connected with the interior of the hearth through a gas path pipeline so as to measure the gas pressure in the hearth; the vacuum pump (3) and the gas cylinder (4) are connected with a gas path pipeline by a DN25 interface, so that the hearth can be conveniently vacuumized and filled with inert gas; the vent valve (2) is connected to the front end of the vacuum pump (3); the sealed circulating fan (5) is fixed on the furnace cover (6) through threads and used for forcibly circulating the atmosphere in the furnace; the furnace body (7), the furnace pipe (8) and the air return cylinder (9) are fixedly connected, and the heating body (10) is fixed on heat-preservation cotton or refractory bricks in the furnace to heat the hearth;
the furnace cover (6) is connected with the furnace body through a hydraulic device and can be opened upwards or closed downwards after being electrified, the silica gel packing and the graphite packing are arranged on the periphery of the furnace cover (6) to carry out double-layer sealing, and a groove is formed in the corresponding part of the furnace body, so that the furnace cover (6) can be tightly pressed with the furnace body (7) after being closed, and the sealing performance of the furnace is ensured.
S2, when the temperature in the furnace is lower than 100 ℃, charging the part to be heat-treated, and closing the furnace cover;
s3, pumping out air in the hearth by using a vacuum pump, and ensuring that the vacuum degree in the hearth is less than or equal to-0.095 MPa;
s4, filling protective gas, closing the valve when the pressure in the furnace reaches negative pressure of-0.06 MPa to-0.02 MPa, stopping filling gas, and preventing the magnesium alloy parts from being oxidized or combusted in the heat treatment process;
s5, setting the heating temperature, the heating speed and the heat preservation time of the heat treatment, wherein the heating temperature and the heat preservation time are determined according to different materials, the heating speed is 80-120 ℃/h, and the heat treatment is carried out on the magnesium alloy part.
2. The heat treatment method for the environment-friendly magnesium alloy part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the range of the pressure gauge is-0.1 MPa to 0.6 MPa.
3. The heat treatment method for the environment-friendly magnesium alloy part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protective gas is a neutral gas or an inert gas which is non-toxic, colorless and odorless.
4. The heat treatment method for the environment-friendly magnesium alloy part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure of protective gas in the furnace is between-0.06 MPa and-0.02 MPa, and the pressure in the furnace is between 0.02MPa and 0.05MPa after the protective gas is heated to the temperature required by the process.
5. The heat treatment method for the environment-friendly magnesium alloy part according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium alloy casting is kept warm for 15-30 hours after the furnace temperature reaches a predetermined value.
6. The heat treatment method for the environment-friendly magnesium alloy part as claimed in claim 3, wherein the protective gas is CO2Or Ar.
7. The method for heat-treating an environmentally friendly magnesium alloy part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the negative pressure of-0.02 MPa is applied when the protective gas is applied to the furnace chamber, and the gas expands as the furnace temperature rises, so that the pressure in the furnace chamber becomes positive.
8. An environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment device is characterized by comprising a pressure gauge (1), a vent valve (2), a vacuum pump (3), a gas cylinder (4), a sealed circulating fan (5), a furnace cover (6), a furnace body (7), a furnace pipe (8), an air return cylinder (9) and a heating body (10),
the pressure gauge (1) is connected with the interior of the hearth through a gas path pipeline so as to measure the gas pressure in the hearth; the vacuum pump (3) and the gas cylinder (4) are connected with a gas path pipeline by a DN25 interface, so that the hearth can be conveniently vacuumized and filled with inert gas; the vent valve (2) is connected to the front end of the vacuum pump (3); the sealed circulating fan (5) is fixed on the furnace cover (6) through threads and used for forcibly circulating the atmosphere in the furnace; the furnace body (7), the furnace pipe (8) and the air return cylinder (9) are fixedly connected, and the heating body (10) is fixed on heat-preservation cotton or refractory bricks in the furnace to heat the hearth;
the furnace cover (6) is connected with the furnace body through a hydraulic device and can be opened upwards or closed downwards after being electrified, the silica gel packing and the graphite packing are arranged on the periphery of the furnace cover (6) to carry out double-layer sealing, and a groove is formed in the corresponding part of the furnace body, so that the furnace cover (6) can be tightly pressed with the furnace body (7) after being closed, and the sealing performance of the furnace is ensured.
9. The environment-friendly magnesium alloy part heat treatment device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the range of the pressure gauge is-0.1 MPa to 0.6 MPa.
10. The method for heat-treating an environmentally friendly magnesium alloy part as claimed in claim 8, wherein the negative pressure of-0.02 MPa is applied when the protective gas is applied to the furnace chamber, and the gas expands as the furnace temperature increases, so that the pressure in the furnace chamber becomes positive.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116479223A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-07-25 | 江苏金色工业炉股份有限公司 | Box-type multi-purpose furnace production line matched pre-vacuumizing high-temperature tempering furnace |
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| CN109402340A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-03-01 | 浙江万能达炉业有限公司 | Horizontal vacuum atmosphere protection annealing furnace |
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| US4373706A (en) * | 1972-11-21 | 1983-02-15 | Friedrich Wilhelm Elhaus | Apparatus for heat treatment of material to be worked on, especially of aluminum or magnesium alloys |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |