RE permanent magnetic alloy vacuum induction melting rapid hardening equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vacuum induction melting rapid hardening equipment, particularly relate to a kind of vacuum melting rapid hardening equipment for permanent-magnet rare-earth NdFeB alloy and rare earth hydrogen storage alloy melting.
Background technology
The Nd-Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet rapidly quenched magnetic powder mixes with resin etc., can make bonded permanent magnet.Be widely used in electronics, electrical equipment, motor etc., use is more and more widely arranged.Rare earth hydrogen storage alloy is the negative material of nickel metal hydride battery.Be widely used in power tool, hybrid vehicle etc., use is more and more widely arranged.
existing Nd-Fe-B rare-earth permanent magnet rapidly quenched magnetic powder manufacturing process and vacuum melting rapid hardening equipment are raw material or the rare earth hydrogen storage alloy raw materials with RE permanent magnetic alloy, be put in the smelting pot of vacuum melting rapid hardening equipment, heating raw materials is fused into the alloy of melting under vacuum and protective atmosphere, then by tundish under controlled speed, be cast on the outside surface with the copper cooling roller of water-cooled and form alloy sheet, cooled alloy sheet drops to that to carry out secondary on the water-cooled rotating disk that horizontally rotates cooling, after alloy slice is cooling, open the fire door of vacuum rapid hardening equipment, alloy slice is taken out.Then alloy slice is packed in the hopper of vacuum heat treatment furnace, send into and carry out vacuum heat treatment in vacuum heat treatment furnace.
Although compare with equipment with previous casting ingot process with equipment through the vacuum melting strip casting that exploration discovery uses at present, the performance of product is greatly improved, and still there are many problems in product.When production RE permanent magnetic alloy thin slice, because the secondary inhomogeneous cooling is even, finds the phenomenon of crystal grain skewness and meticulous little crystal grain in the structure of product, and often have ɑ-iron to separate out.When producing rare earth hydrogen storage alloy, also have a small amount of manganese to separate out phenomenon.These phenomenons are having a strong impact on the performance of product, and alloy sheet also will carry out vacuum heat treatment in vacuum heat treatment furnace afterwards, separate out and make uniform crystal particles to eliminate manganese.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem for above-mentioned existence; the invention provides a kind of RE permanent magnetic alloy vacuum induction melting rapid hardening equipment, make rare earth alloy vacuum rapid hardening thin slice processed, thermal treatment and coolingly complete in an equipment protection atmosphere, improved production efficiency; product performance are high, high conformity.
The present invention includes vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber, rewinding insulation treatment chamber, cooling room and interventricular septum from valve, be provided with interventricular septum from valve between described rewinding insulation treatment chamber and cooling room, vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber is placed in above rewinding insulation treatment chamber, the corresponding rewinding insulation of its guide cylinder outlet treatment chamber; Also be provided with water cooled electrode, vacuum extractor, rare gas element gatherer, temperature measuring mechanism, tensimeter, vacuum gauge and safety valve on vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber.
Described vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber is provided with body of heater in the vacuum chamber with water-cooling sandwich, described body of heater comprises crucible, steel framework, heat resisting brick and copper ruhmkorff coil, the crucible periphery is followed successively by refractory brick, copper ruhmkorff coil and steel framework, crucible is placed in bottom of furnace body by steel framework, the crucible outlet is flow-guiding mouth, it is indoor that body of heater is fixed on rapid hardening by bracing frame, be connected with tilting mechanism on steel framework, the tilting mechanism the other end is fixed on inboard wall of furnace body, vacuum chamber top arranges bell, and fire door is arranged on an end of this vacuum chamber.
Indoor tundish, chilling copper roller and the guide cylinder of also being provided with of described rapid hardening, tundish is placed between crucible flow-guiding mouth and chilling copper roller, be connected with three-dimensional adjusting mechanism on tundish, regulate the nozzle of tundish and the gap of chilling copper roller, chilling copper roller is placed in the below of tundish in the body of heater of chamber, the guide cylinder docks the rewinding case below the guide cylinder below chilling copper roller.On described guide drum outer wall, dish has water cooling tube, is provided with pulverization roller in the guide cylinder.
Described bell is connected on vacuum chamber by electronic rise shift assembly, bell is provided with track, track one end is connected on the rapid hardening chamber by rotating shaft, one end connecting fluid cylinder pressure, be provided with the motion-work wheel and the follow-up pulley that roll along track on bell, drive sprocket axle connects the motor reducer axle by the sprocket wheel chain.Described bell is provided with viewing window.Described fire door is provided with the viewing window with camera.
Be provided with rewinding case, moist closet and friction roller transmission rig in described rewinding moist closet, the moist closet inwall is provided with thermal baffle, having heaters in thermal baffle; The friction roller transmission rig comprises motor reducer, a plurality of driving chain wheel chain, a plurality of friction rollers arranged side by side and friction roll shaft thereof, described friction roll shaft is placed in the rewinding moist closet, its two ends are passed thermal baffle and are connected with sprocket wheel, the sprocket wheel of adjacent two friction roll shafts connects by chain respectively, and its end sprocket wheel is connected by the outer motor reducer of dynamic seal sprocket shaft and rewinding moist closet.
Described rewinding case is open top container, and the side is welded with the opening steel tubing in different shapes that runs through the rewinding case, steel tubing in different shapes have with the rewinding case in the hole that is communicated with, when rewinding, the rewinding case moves back and forth along the friction roller of rewinding insulation chamber bottom transmission.
Described cooling room sidewall is provided with motor, and inside is provided with bellows, and the bellows sidewall is provided with thrust-augmenting nozzle, and corresponding opposite side is provided with interchanger, and the interchanger air outlet is facing to blower fan, and blower fan is connected with motor shaft, and the cooling room peripheral sidewalls is provided with arc deflector; Be externally connected to the pipeline of finding time, rare gas element importing pipeline and safety valve pipeline; Vacuum-pumping pipeline is connected with vacuum extractor.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention compares with existing vacuum induction heating rapid hardening furnace, makes rare earth alloy vacuum rapid hardening thin slice processed, thermal treatment and coolingly completes in an equipment protection atmosphere, has improved production efficiency, and product performance are high, high conformity.Avoid existing single-chamber vacuum induction heating rapid hardening furnace thin slice to stir inhomogeneous, cooling slow, the efficient low power consuming is large, avoided the thin slice adhesion, the problem that the thin slice that exists in logistics progress is oxidized, greatly improve the consistence of throughput and product under energy-conservation prerequisite, improve simultaneously service life of equipment, shortened the equipment maintenance time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of invention.
Fig. 2 is the refrigerating unit structural representation in Fig. 1.
In figure: 1, rapid hardening chamber; 11, guide cylinder; 12, pulverization roller; 13, chilling copper roller; 14, tundish; 15, crucible; 16, tilting mechanism; 17, viewing window; 18, vacuum extractor; 19, medium frequency induction power supply; 110, fire door; 111, hydro-cylinder; 112, the first motor; 113, bell; 114, track; 115, rotating shaft; 116, ruhmkorff coil; 117 water-cooling sandwichs; 118, body of heater; 119, bracing frame; 120, camera; 121, water cooling tube; 122, nozzle; 123, steel framework; 124, the first rotating shaft; 125, the second rotating shaft; 2, rewinding insulation treatment chamber; 21, rewinding case; 22, steel tubing in different shapes; 23, friction roller; 24,1# chamber door; 25, moist closet; 3, cooling room; 31, the second motor; 32, blower fan; 33, interchanger; 34, bellows; 35, thrust-augmenting nozzle; 36, flow deflector; 37,2# chamber door, 4, separation valve door.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Embodiment: as shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber 1, rewinding insulation treatment chamber 2, cooling room 3 and interventricular septum from valve 4, described rewinding insulation treatment chamber 2 and 3 of cooling rooms are provided with interventricular septum from valve 4, vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber 1 is placed in rewinding insulation treatment chamber 2 tops, its guide cylinder 11 corresponding rewindings insulation of outlet treatment chambers 2; Also be provided with water cooled electrode, vacuum extractor 18, rare gas element importing pipeline, temperature measuring mechanism, tensimeter, vacuum gauge and safety valve on vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber 1.Described temperature measuring mechanism is armoured thermocouple.
Described vacuum induction melting rapid hardening chamber 1 is provided with body of heater 118 in the vacuum chamber with water-cooling sandwich 117, described body of heater 118 comprises crucible 15, steel framework 123, heat resisting brick and copper ruhmkorff coil 116, crucible 15 is placed in body of heater 118 bottoms by steel framework 123, crucible 15 outlets are flow-guiding mouth, steel framework 123 is connected by the first rotating shaft 124 with bracing frame 119, be connected with tilting mechanism 16 on steel framework 123, tilting mechanism 16 the other ends are fixed on inboard wall of furnace body; But the fire door 110 that manual overturning opens or closes is arranged on an end of this vacuum chamber, and fire door 110 is provided with the viewing window with camera 120, and bell 113 is arranged on the top of this vacuum chamber, and bell 113 is provided with viewing window 17.
Described tilting mechanism 16 is existing structure, is that its hydro-cylinder is connected by the second rotating shaft 125 with steel framework 123, by Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder, steel framework 123 is rotated around first, second rotating shaft 124,125, pours material into tundish 14.
Described bell 113 rises electric shifting device by hydraulic pressure and is connected on vacuum chamber, bell 113 is provided with track 114, track 114 1 ends are connected on ground by rotating shaft 115, one end connecting fluid cylinder pressure 111, hydro-cylinder 111 is connected on rapid hardening chamber 1, be provided with the motion-work wheel and the driven wheel that roll along track 114 on bell 113, motion-work wheel connects the first motor 112 reducer shafts by the sprocket wheel chain.
The rapid hardening chamber 1 that is positioned at described insulation treatment chamber 2 tops also is provided with tundish 14, chilling copper roller 13 and guide cylinder 11, tundish 14 is placed between crucible 15 flow-guiding mouths and chilling copper roller 13, be connected with three-dimensional adjusting mechanism on tundish 14, regulate the nozzle of tundish 14 and the gap of chilling copper roller 13, described three-dimensional adjusting mechanism is existing structure, that the line slide rail assembly that cooperatively interacts is set respectively on three direction of principal axis, tundish is fixed on the platen of an axle in three axles, and this platen moves along X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction; Chilling copper roller 13 is placed in the below of tundish 14 in the body of heater of chamber, guide cylinder 11 below chilling copper roller 13, guide cylinder 11 belows docking rewinding casees 21.On guide cylinder 11 outer walls, dish has water cooling tube 121, is provided with pulverization roller 12 in guide cylinder 11, and the rapid hardening thin slice is fallen into rewinding case 21 by 12 one-tenth smaller szie thin slices of pulverization roller.
Described rewinding case 21 is steel square chests, the bottom surface is welded with closure plate, and the above opens wide, and the side is welded with the opening steel tubing in different shapes 22 that runs through rewinding case 21, steel tubing in different shapes 22 has the hole that is communicated with rewinding case 21 inner chambers, and rewinding case 21 moves back and forth along the friction roller 23 of rewinding insulation treatment chamber 2 bottom drivings when rewinding.
Be provided with rewinding case 21, moist closet 25 and friction roller transmission rig in described rewinding moist closet 2, rewinding moist closet 25 inwalls are provided with thermal baffle, having heaters in thermal baffle; The friction roller transmission rig comprises motor reducer, a plurality of driving chain wheel chain, a plurality of friction rollers 23 arranged side by side and friction roll shaft thereof, described friction roll shaft is placed in rewinding moist closet 2, its two ends are passed thermal baffle and are connected with sprocket wheel, the sprocket wheel of adjacent two friction roll shafts connects by chain respectively, and its end sprocket wheel is connected by the outer motor reducer of dynamic seal sprocket shaft and rewinding moist closet 2.
As shown in Figure 2, described cooling room 3 sidewalls are provided with the second motor 31, inside is provided with bellows, the bellows sidewall is provided with thrust-augmenting nozzle 35, corresponding opposite side is provided with interchanger 33, interchanger 33 air outlets are facing to blower fan 32, and blower fan 32 is connected with the axle of the second motor 31, and cooling room 3 peripheral sidewalls are provided with flow deflector 36; Be externally connected to the pipeline of finding time, rare gas element importing pipeline and safety valve pipeline; Vacuum-pumping pipeline is connected with vacuum extractor.
The present invention is when work; under vacuum and/or protective atmosphere; with being located at the outer medium frequency induction power supply of vacuum oven 19 to ruhmkorff coil 116 energisings; begin the heating of the furnace charge in crucible 15; after furnace charge melts and reaches abundant alloying; by body of heater tilting mechanism 16, the alloy of melting flows out along the guide mouth of crucible 15, is cast in the tundish 14 of below.Tundish 14 is provided with nozzle 122 in the place that contacts with chilling copper roller 13, and to the outside surface of the chilling copper roller 13 of rotation, molten alloy is cooling on chilling copper roller 13 surfaces, forms alloy sheet by nozzle 122 spray to casts for the alloy of the melting in tundish.Thin slice is along with the rotation of chilling copper roller 13 drops in the guide cylinder 11 of below.Be designed with pulverization roller 12 in guide cylinder 11, alloy sheet is broken into small shreds after by pulverization roller 12 and drops in the rewinding case 21 that guide cylinder 11 belows move back and forth.After casting was completed, the rewinding case 21 that fragment is housed moved in the moist closet 25 of an end and is incubated processing.After insulation is finished dealing with, open separation valve door 4, rewinding case 21 moved to cooling room 3, then shut separation valve door 4(this moment, can begin the second stove melting), start cooling the second motor 31, begin the fragment in rewinding case 21 and case cooling.Be designed with interchanger 33 between blower fan 32 and rewinding case 21, be designed with steel tubing in different shapes 22 on rewinding case 21, cooling gas is taken away the heat on fragment by steel tubing in different shapes 22.Heated gas is cooling by interchanger 33 under the driving of blower fan 32, and then blows to rewinding case 21 by the thrust-augmenting nozzle 35 of blower fan 32, flow deflector 36 and bellows.After rewinding case 21 reaches tapping temperature, stop cooling the second motor 31, then open purging valve, after cooling room pressure and atmospheric equilibrium, open chamber door 37, the rewinding case is shifted out from cooling room.So far, complete a stove products production.
Use procedure of the present invention:
Under barometric point, manual unlocking fire door 110, the electronic bell 113 of opening.To be one or more of Nd, Pr, Dy, Tb rare earth element by the R-Fe-B-M(R after material composition and weight percent batching, M is one or more in Co, Al, Cu, Zr, Ga) raw material, in the crucible 15 in the vacuum induction melting fast setting device of packing into.Close upper furnace door 110, bell 113; be depressured to specified pressure (for example 5Pa is following) by the connect vacuum extractor 18 of lobe pump and double parallel slide valve pump unit of two-shipper; open rare gas element importing valve and be filled with rare gas element in stove; under vacuum and protective atmosphere; start medium frequency induction power supply 19, utilize induction heating that raw material is smelted into molten alloy.
After abundant alloying (for example refining is 30 minutes), at the temperature of setting (for example 1460 ℃), by crucible tilting mechanism 16, the alloy of melting flows out along the guide mouth of crucible, is cast in the tundish 14 of below.By the nozzle 122 on tundish 14, that the alloy liquid spray to cast is cooling to the outside surface of chilling copper roller 13 of rotation.The rotating speed of rotation chilling copper roller 13 can be set according to processing requirement.
Through the cooling alloy sheet of rotation chilling copper roller 13, fall into the rewinding case 21 that is positioned at the below by guide cylinder 11, guide cylinder 11 is provided with pulverization roller 12, is provided with water cooling tube 121 on barrel.
Be provided with friction roller 23 in rewinding insulation treatment unit 2, when rewinding, the adhesion in order to prevent alloy fragment up time aggregation, rewinding case 21 horizontal reciprocating when rewinding moves.In time send into moist closet 25 insulations after 21 rewindings of rewinding case, holding temperature is set (for example 500 ℃-900 ℃) by processing requirement, insulation for some time (for example more than 30 minutes).
After processing, the alloy sheet insulation delivers to cooling room 3, cooling room 3 sidewalls are provided with the second motor 31, inside is provided with bellows 34, a plurality of thrust-augmenting nozzles 35 are arranged on bellows 34 sidewalls, corresponding opposite side has interchanger 33 with it, interchanger 33 air outlets are connected with the second motor 31 axles facing to blower fan 32, blower fan 32, and cooling locular wall is provided with arc deflector 36.Alloy sheet takes out from cooling room after meeting the requirements of tapping temperature (for example 80 ℃).
In order to raise the efficiency, generally be provided with vacuum separation valve door 4 between moist closet 25 and cooling room 3, after insulation is processed, rewinding case 21 is sent to cooling room 3 cooling, at this moment can begin the melting of the second furnace charge.Vacuum separation valve door 4 is designed to push-pull valve, compresses the valve plate rubber sealing by the air cylinder driven four-bar linkage.Rewinding moist closet 2 and cooling room 3 is equipped with a chamber door with atmosphere, is respectively 1 # chamber door 24,2# chamber door 37, is used for discharging and maintenance.
This professional those of ordinary skill should be able to be understood essence of the present invention, and recognizes that concrete implementation detail of the present invention can make a variety of changes in the claim protection domain.