CN112658461A - Local reducing stirring head - Google Patents
Local reducing stirring head Download PDFInfo
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- CN112658461A CN112658461A CN202011450440.9A CN202011450440A CN112658461A CN 112658461 A CN112658461 A CN 112658461A CN 202011450440 A CN202011450440 A CN 202011450440A CN 112658461 A CN112658461 A CN 112658461A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a local reducing stirring head. Local reducing stirring head wherein has stirring pin and shaft shoulder, the shaft shoulder includes that a plurality of removes the shaft shoulder piece, it is in to remove the shaft shoulder piece pin joint on the stirring pin, each it has the arcwall face to remove shaft shoulder piece inboard, the arcwall face is put up to the outside of its adjacent removal shaft shoulder piece, adjacent two it has the arc clearance to remove between the bottom edge of shaft shoulder piece, the width in arc clearance can be along with both sides remove the different pivotal motion of shaft shoulder piece and change to the working end face that makes the shaft shoulder has the changeable arc clearance of a plurality of widths, and it can reduce shaft shoulder invasion volume when curved surface friction stir welding, does not need the shaft shoulder of a plurality of sizes to install the change that can realize local shaft shoulder diameter, can effectively improve welding quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a local reducing stirring head.
Background
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an advanced welding technique, has the advantages of low welding stress, greenness, no pollution and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, ships and the like. The traditional FSW welding is carried out on a gantry type FSW welding machine, but the gantry type FSW welding machine only has XYZ three moving directions and can only carry out conventional two-dimensional welding. In the actual production process, various complex three-dimensional curved surface workpieces are applied, and in order to realize the welding of the three-dimensional curved surface workpieces, scholars propose an FSW robot welding machine technology. The FSW robot has multiple degrees of freedom and can realize various complex curved surface welding.
When the FSW robot is used for welding, in order to ensure the accuracy of a welding inclination angle and improve the welding quality, a welding base point is arranged at the center of the end face of the stirring pin. When convex or concave three-dimensional welding is carried out, when a stirring pin serving as a base point is positioned at a convex end point or a concave lowest point, a shaft shoulder at the front end of a stirring head can invade materials to enable a workpiece to be welded to generate certain sinking, and further the quality of a welding seam is influenced. To address this problem, welding is typically performed using a stir head having a smaller shoulder diameter. Welding under the ordinary condition, the stirring head has certain inclination to the skew of back, and at this moment, the shaft shoulder that is located welding direction rear side contacts with the material surface, but little shaft shoulder is less with material area of contact, need accelerate the rotational speed and just can guarantee sufficient welding heat input, and the increase of rotational speed makes the material have higher flow velocity, makes it to be spilled over the welding seam more easily and leads to weld zone material disappearance and produce welding defect.
In addition, the Chinese invention patent CN201710537217.X proposes a stirring head capable of simultaneously carrying out friction stir welding on a plurality of welding seams. A plurality of shaft shoulders are arranged on the stirring head, so that the stirring head can weld a plurality of welding lines with different requirements. But this mode is realized through different shaft shoulders, and it is comparatively complicated to change the shaft shoulder among the welding process. Meanwhile, after the shaft shoulder is replaced, due to the change of the diameter of the shaft shoulder, the contact area between the shaft shoulder and a material is changed, so that the welding heat is changed, the welding quality is influenced, the welding parameters need to be modified, the high-quality welding is realized, and the complexity of the welding process is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects that the material can be invaded by the front shaft shoulder of the stirring head during the curved surface friction stir welding to influence the welding seam quality and the material is easy to overflow from the welding seam by a single small shaft shoulder stirring head in the prior art, thereby providing the local reducing stirring head and the welding equipment with the same.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a local reducing stirring head, which comprises: the stirring pin comprises a stirring pin and a shaft shoulder, wherein the shaft shoulder comprises a plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks; the movable shaft shoulder block is pivoted on the stirring pin and takes the stirring pin as a pivot; the inner side of each moving shaft shoulder block is provided with an arc-shaped surface, and the arc-shaped surface is lapped to the outer side of the adjacent moving shaft shoulder block; an arc-shaped gap is formed between the bottom edges of two adjacent movable shaft shoulder blocks, and the width of the arc-shaped gap can be changed along with different pivoting motions of the movable shaft shoulder blocks on two sides, so that the working end surface of the shaft shoulder is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped gaps with variable widths.
In the local reducing stirring head, the movable shaft shoulder block comprises a shaft shoulder block body and a shaft sleeve, and the shaft sleeve is sequentially connected on the stirring pin in series and locked on the stirring pin by a first fastener; preferably, the first fastener is a fastening nut.
In the local reducing stirring head, the bottom edge of the inner side of the shaft shoulder block body is provided with a groove structure.
In the local reducing stirring head, the outer side of the shaft shoulder block body is provided with a profiling groove matched with the arc-shaped surface of the inner side of the shaft shoulder block.
In the local reducing stirring head, a distance piece is arranged between every two adjacent shaft sleeves; preferably, the spacer is a washer, a needle bearing, an end face bearing or a thrust ball bearing.
In the local reducing stirring head, the edge of the side part of the shaft shoulder block body is provided with a flaky stirring needle interference body; the pin interfering body is always engaged in the profile groove regardless of the pivoting motion of the moving shoulder block.
The local reducing stirring head also comprises a stirring head transition section and a clamping end; wherein the transition section of the stirring head is of a conical structure; the plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks, the stirring head transition section and the clamping end sequentially penetrate through the stirring needle and are locked by a second fastener.
Preferably, in the above locally variable diameter stirring head, the maximum width of the arc-shaped gap is 0.5mm to 6 mm.
The invention also provides friction stir welding equipment which comprises a driving motor, a main shaft and a stirring head and is characterized in that the stirring head is the local reducing stirring head.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the local reducing stirring head provided by the invention is pivoted on the same stirring pin through the plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks, the plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks are thrown out through centrifugal force formed by rotation of the stirring head in the welding process to form a shaft shoulder with a certain diameter, when the convex end point or the concave lowest point of the stirring pin serving as a base point is welded in a three-dimensional mode aiming at a convex surface or a concave surface, the front end of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is contacted with a welding material, the movable shaft shoulder block positioned at the front end is subjected to resistance of the material to the movable shaft shoulder block, the resistance counteracts the centrifugal force to shrink the movable shaft shoulder block at the front end, so that the width of an arc-shaped gap between the movable shaft shoulder blocks is reduced, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is locally reduced, and other parts are not subjected to the resistance of the material at the front end and still; in addition, in the welding process, the stirring head is usually inclined backwards by a certain angle, the rear side static shaft shoulder in the advancing direction can be in contact with a material to be welded, the stirring head can keep a splayed state between the rear side moving shaft shoulder blocks under the action of friction force of the material, and the contact area with the material cannot be reduced at the moment, so that the welding quality cannot be influenced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partially variable diameter agitator head according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a split structure diagram of a local reducer stirring head provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic structural diagram of a moving shoulder block provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a second schematic structural view of the moving shoulder block according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a shaft shoulder composed of movable shaft shoulder blocks provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-stir head fastening nut, 2-clamping end, 3-stir needle, 4-arc gap, 4-1 closed gap, 4-2 open gap, 5-moving shaft shoulder block, 6-stir head transition end, 7-moving shaft shoulder block fastening nut, 8-gasket, 9-profiling groove, 10-center hole, 11-shaft sleeve, 12-stir needle positioning hole, 13-shaft shoulder block body, 14-stir needle interference body, 15-arc surface and 16-groove structure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly unless otherwise specifically indicated and limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-6, the present embodiment provides a local diameter-variable stirring head, which includes a stirring pin 3, a shaft shoulder, a stirring head transition end 6, and a clamping end 2, where the shaft shoulder, the stirring head transition end 6, and the clamping end 2 sequentially penetrate through the stirring pin 3 from bottom to top, and are locked and fixed by a stirring head fastening nut 1 serving as a second fastening member; wherein the shaft shoulder comprises a plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks 5; the movable shaft shoulder block 5 is pivoted on the stirring pin by taking the stirring pin as a pivot, and the stirring pin plays a role in installation and positioning; the inner side of each moving shaft shoulder block 5 is provided with an arc-shaped surface 15, the arc-shaped surface 15 serves as a coating surface and is lapped on the outer side of the adjacent moving shaft shoulder block 5, preferably, the adjacent moving shaft shoulder block 5 is provided with a profiling groove 9 matched with the arc-shaped surface 15 on the inner side of the shaft shoulder block, the profiling groove 9 serves as a coated surface, in the moving shaft shoulder block, the coated surface and the coating surface are contacted after installation and relatively slide to change the diameter after contacting materials, the shaft shoulder surfaces form a complete shaft shoulder shape, and grooves are completely exposed outside. And an arc-shaped gap 4 is formed between the bottom edges of two adjacent moving shaft shoulder blocks 5, and the width of the arc-shaped gap 4 can be changed along with different pivoting motions of the moving shaft shoulder blocks on two sides, so that the working end surface of the shaft shoulder is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped gaps 4 with variable widths.
In the local diameter-variable stirring head provided by the embodiment, the plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks 5 are pivoted on the same stirring pin 3, the stirring head throws out the plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks 5 through a centrifugal force formed by rotation of the stirring head in a welding process to form a shaft shoulder with a certain diameter, under the condition of three-dimensional welding of a convex surface or a concave surface, when a convex end point or a concave lowest point of the stirring pin 3 serving as a base point is reached, the front end of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is contacted with a welding material, the movable shaft shoulder block 5 positioned at the front end is subjected to resistance of the material to the material, the resistance counteracts the centrifugal force to shrink the movable shaft shoulder block at the front end, so that the width of an arc-shaped gap 4 between the movable shaft shoulder blocks 5 is reduced, the diameter of the shaft shoulder is locally reduced, and other parts are not subjected to the resistance of the material at the front end; in addition, in the welding process, the stirring head is usually inclined backwards by a certain angle, the rear side static shaft shoulder in the advancing direction can be in contact with a material to be welded, the stirring head can keep a splayed state between the rear side moving shaft shoulder blocks under the action of friction force of the material, and the contact area with the material cannot be reduced at the moment, so that the welding quality cannot be influenced. And in addition, as the overall diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is not changed, the welding parameters are kept unchanged in the welding process.
Alternatively, in the above local diameter-variable mixing head, the movable shoulder block 5 includes a shoulder block body 13 and a shaft sleeve 11, and the shaft sleeve 11 of each movable shoulder block 5 is connected in series to the mixing pin 3 in turn and is locked to the mixing pin 3 by a movable shoulder block fastening nut 7 as a first fastening member. Further, a spacer is arranged between two adjacent bushings 11; the distance piece is the gasket 8, and during installation, the axle sleeve 11 on the movable shaft shoulder block 5 is installed with the gasket alternately, reduces the opening and closing resistance of the movable shaft shoulder block 5. In addition, the gasket can be replaced by a needle bearing and a thrust ball bearing.
Optionally, in the above local diameter-variable stirring head, the bottom edge of the inner side of the shoulder block body 13 has a groove structure 16, the groove structure 16 is located at the bottom of the arc surface 15, the surfaces of the plurality of shoulder block bodies form a complete shoulder shape, the groove structure is completely exposed outside, and all the groove structures 16 form the arc gap 4 on the working end surface of the shoulder, so that during welding, the groove promotes material flow, and the material fluidity is increased, thereby improving the welding quality. The arc-shaped gap 4 can be a right-handed groove or a left-handed groove, and when the right-handed groove is adopted (as shown in fig. 6), the stirring head needs to rotate anticlockwise for welding; when adopting the levogyration recess, the stirring head needs clockwise rotation to weld. In FIG. 6, a graph of the change in diameter of a partially variable diameter stir head after it encounters a material is shown, where the closed gap 4-1 is the closed gap formed between adjacent moving shoulder pieces as the weld material is contacted by the stir head at its forward end and the moving shoulder pieces are subjected to the resistance of the material against it; the opening gap 4-2 is the remaining arc-shaped gap which is in a separated state without resistance.
In the local reducing stirring head, the outer side of the shaft shoulder block body 13 is provided with the profiling groove 9 matched with the arc-shaped surface 15 on the inner side of the shaft shoulder block, a coated surface is formed on the inner wall of the profiling groove 9, the coated surface is contacted with the coated surface after installation, and the diameter of the shaft shoulder is changed by relative sliding after the material is contacted. Alternatively, in the above-mentioned local diameter-variable stirring head, the side edge of the shoulder block body 13 has a sheet-shaped stirring pin interference body 14; no matter how the movable shoulder block 5 pivots, the pin interference body 14 is always overlapped in the profiling groove, and the integrity of the action surface of the whole shoulder is ensured.
In the local reducing stirring head, the transition section 6 of the stirring head is of a conical structure; the stirring pin 3 is used as a central shaft to penetrate through the central hole 10 of the movable shaft shoulder block 5, the gasket 8, the transition section 6 of the stirring head and the clamping end 2, and plays a role in installation and positioning. The shaft sleeve of the movable shaft shoulder block 5 positioned at the lowest part is provided with a stirring pin positioning hole 12, and the stirring pin positioning hole can adopt clearance fit to position the stirring pin 3 so as to ensure the coaxiality of the upper part of the stirring pin and the shaft sleeve. The gap between the transition section 6 of the stirring head and the movable shaft shoulder block 5 is adjusted by the height of the movable shaft shoulder block fastening nut 7, so that the movable shaft shoulder block is prevented from being interfered when opened and closed.
The movable shaft shoulder block 5 is used as one of main parts of the local reducing stirring head, the shape and the size of the movable shaft shoulder block are important factors influencing the reducing effect, in the local reducing stirring head, the width H of an arc-shaped gap 4 on the movable shaft shoulder block is a main factor influencing the diameter change, and the width refers to the width of the arc-shaped gap 4 at the outer edge of the shaft shoulder; when H is increased, the local contraction range of the shaft shoulder is enlarged, and the diameter is reduced and enlarged. Preferably, the width of the arcuate gap is in the range 0.5mm to 6 mm.
Example 2
The embodiment provides friction stir welding equipment, which comprises a driving motor, a spindle and a stirring head, and is characterized in that the stirring head is the local reducing stirring head in embodiment 1. The friction stir welding equipment provided by the embodiment is suitable for reducing the intrusion amount of the shaft shoulder during the curved surface friction stir welding, and effectively improves the welding quality. When the material is welded, the stirring head rotates to generate centrifugal force under the rotation action of the main shaft, and the movable shaft shoulder block is thrown out to reach the maximum diameter state. When the stirring pin as the base point has the convex end point or the concave lowest point, the front end of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is contacted with the welding material, the movable shaft shoulder block receives the resistance of the material to the movable shaft shoulder block, the resistance counteracts the centrifugal force to shrink the movable shaft shoulder block at the front end, so that the diameter of the movable shaft shoulder block is locally reduced, and the original diameter of other parts is still maintained under the action of the centrifugal force because the other parts do not receive the resistance of the material. The reduced forward diameter reduces the amount of material intrusion into the shoulder, thereby improving the quality of the weld. Because of the stirring head realizes reducing the shoulder invasion amount through local change shaft shoulder diameter, but the whole diameter of shaft shoulder does not change, and welding parameter keeps unchangeable, can not need to install the change of a plurality of sizes shaft shoulder diameter can realize local shaft shoulder diameter.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a local reducing stirring head which characterized in that includes:
the stirring pin comprises a stirring pin and a shaft shoulder, wherein the shaft shoulder comprises a plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks;
the movable shaft shoulder block is pivoted on the stirring pin and takes the stirring pin as a pivot;
the inner side of each moving shaft shoulder block is provided with an arc-shaped surface, and the arc-shaped surface is lapped to the outer side of the adjacent moving shaft shoulder block;
an arc-shaped gap is formed between the bottom edges of two adjacent movable shaft shoulder blocks, and the width of the arc-shaped gap can be changed along with different pivoting motions of the movable shaft shoulder blocks on two sides, so that the working end surface of the shaft shoulder is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped gaps with variable widths.
2. The locally variable diameter pin tumbler of claim 1, wherein the movable shoulder block comprises a shoulder block body and a sleeve, and the sleeve is connected in series with the pin in sequence and is locked to the pin by a first fastener.
3. The partially variable diameter stirring head as claimed in claim 2, wherein the bottom edge of the inner side of the shaft shoulder block body is provided with a groove structure.
4. The partially variable diameter stirring head as claimed in claim 3, wherein the shaft shoulder block body has a profiling groove on the outer side matching with the arc surface on the inner side of the shaft shoulder block.
5. The partially variable diameter stirring head according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the first fastening member is a fastening nut.
6. The locally variable diameter stirring head as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein a spacer is arranged between two adjacent shaft sleeves.
7. The partially variable diameter stirring head according to claim 6, wherein the spacer is a washer, a needle bearing, an end face bearing or a thrust ball bearing.
8. The locally variable diameter stirring head as claimed in claim 3, wherein the side edge of the shaft shoulder block body is provided with a sheet-shaped stirring pin interference body; the pin interfering body is always engaged in the profile groove regardless of the pivoting motion of the moving shoulder block.
9. The locally variable diameter stirring head according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a stirring head transition section and a clamping end; wherein the transition section of the stirring head is of a conical structure; the plurality of movable shaft shoulder blocks, the stirring head transition section and the clamping end sequentially penetrate through the stirring needle and are locked by a second fastener.
10. The locally variable diameter stirring head according to claim 2, wherein the maximum width of the arc-shaped gap is 0.5mm to 6 mm.
11. A friction stir welding device comprising a driving motor, a main shaft and a stirring head, wherein the stirring head is the locally variable-diameter stirring head according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011450440.9A CN112658461B (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-09 | Local reducing stirring head |
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| CN202011450440.9A CN112658461B (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-09 | Local reducing stirring head |
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| CN112658461B CN112658461B (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116511687A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Split type friction stir welding stirring head with adjustable stirring pin length |
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| KR102072986B1 (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-02-04 | 한국야스카와전기(주) | Friction stir welding tool-unit for robot |
| CN211588898U (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-09-29 | 昆山万洲特种焊接有限公司 | Low controllable friction stir welding of preforming and shoulder pair of flowing welding set |
| CN111922505A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-11-13 | 昆山哈工万洲焊接研究院有限公司 | Friction stir welding tool and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101947691A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-01-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Self-supporting friction stir welding method with unequal diameters of upper and lower shaft shoulders and stirring head thereof |
| CN102626822A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2012-08-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hollow variable-diameter porous friction head and preparation method for surface composite material of metal material |
| CN205043336U (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-02-24 | 张立华 | Clearance automatically regulated biax shoulder stirring head |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116511687A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-01 | 合肥工业大学 | Split type friction stir welding stirring head with adjustable stirring pin length |
| CN116511687B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-10-03 | 合肥工业大学 | Split type friction stir welding stirring head with adjustable stirring pin length |
| US11969818B1 (en) | 2023-07-05 | 2024-04-30 | Hefei University Of Technology | Split-type friction stir welding tool with adjustable stirring pin length |
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