CN112650827B - River basin and river coding method and device based on Strahler classification - Google Patents
River basin and river coding method and device based on Strahler classification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a river basin and river coding method and device based on Strahler classification, wherein the method comprises the following steps: preprocessing the acquired DEM data, wherein the preprocessing at least comprises the following steps: treating an inner flow area, treating a yellow river suspension river and treating a depression; analyzing the pretreated DEM data to obtain river network data, wherein the river network data at least comprises a plurality of river fields and a plurality of rivers; ranking the plurality of rivers based on a Strahler ranking method; and coding the river basins and the rivers according to a preset coding strategy through grading of the river basins. The method solves the problems that river data covered by the existing coding method is limited in dimension, poor in expansibility and incapable of comprehensively representing river topology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coding, in particular to a river basin and river coding method and device based on Strahler classification.
Background
Digital watershed is important basic data for scientific research in the fields of hydrologic science and application research, hydrologic information management, geography, environment, ecology and the like. The digital watershed dataset generated based on the digital elevation model and the GIS hydrologic analysis technology generally comprises river networks, watershed boundaries, flow directions and the like. Wherein, the river network and the flow direction define the topological relation (such as directional relation of source and sink, upstream and downstream) of water circulation and other substances or energy circulation accompanied by the water circulation, and the river basin defines the unit or range based on calculation or management of natural water flow process. The extracted river network and river basin are finely encoded to bear topological structure information so as to better serve the compiling, storage, retrieval and cross-industry communication and application of hydrologic information, and the method is a key problem of digital river basin technology.
SL 249-2012 published a chinese river code standard that systematically, practically, uniquely coded rivers with large, important medium reservoirs and floodgates that were over 500 square kilometers or 30 kilometers long in water collection area nationwide. The standard is mainly suitable for management and application in the fields of compiling, storing, retrieving and the like of river information in water conservancy departments, the supporting effect on flood prevention, drought resistance and the like is emphasized in the coding principle, and the coding format is mixed coding of numbers and letters and the length is 8 bits. The coding standard is applied to China water conservancy departments, and provides important support for information management of flood prevention, drought resistance and water conservancy departments. The standard does not encode middle and small rivers which account for about 50% of the total national rivers, and the main service objects do not contain public and can only support cross-industry applications such as hydrologic modeling, geography, environment, ecology and the like in a limited way.
Patent document CN 108804804A discloses a rapid coding method for a large number of sub-watershed based on a digital river network, and the method adopts an all-digital coding format, can reflect the level and topological relation of the river, and has good code capacity, expandability and legibility. The method can be used for encoding a single independent drainage basin and an intron drainage basin thereof, and is convenient for the connection comparison between the independent drainage basins. For example, the water collection area of the drainage basin with smaller series is larger than that of the drainage basin with larger series, and the water collection areas of the drainage basins with the same series are basically equivalent; a confluence relationship between small and large basins, and so on. However, an area may include multiple independent watershed, such as multiple independent watershed directly connected to the sea, such as Yangtze river, yellow river, zhujiang river, etc. within China. Since the coding of CN 108804804A is always started from 1, after it is applied to the coding of the Yangtze river basin, no codes are available for other basins such as yellow river. In addition, the comparison of the relation between different independent watershed is inconvenient, the hydrologic characteristics of two watershed like 1 level can be obviously different because the water collecting areas are different by hundred times, and at the moment, the comparison of 1 level independent watershed with smaller area and 3 level or 4 level sub-watershed with larger independent watershed can be more reasonable.
The two coding methods have good application or reference value in river and river basin coding in China, and basically meet the scientificity, uniqueness, integrity and expansibility of the coding technology requirements. However, it should be noted that the river covered by the standard SL249-2012 is limited, the applicability of the encoding is very specific, and there is a certain limitation in cross-industry application and communication, and the patent document CN 108804804A focuses on the correlation contrast (i.e. longitudinal contrast) of the river and the sub-river in the independent river areas during the encoding process, but the correlation contrast (i.e. transverse contrast) of the river and the sub-river between the independent river areas is difficult.
Thus, the problems of limited river coverage, poor expansibility and unclear characterization of river topology caused by the existing coding method are not solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a river basin and river coding method and device based on Strahler classification, which are used for solving the problems that river data covered by the existing coding method is limited in dimension, poor in expansibility and incapable of comprehensively representing river topology.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a river basin and stream coding method based on Strahler classification, the method comprising: preprocessing the acquired DEM data, wherein the preprocessing at least comprises the following steps: treating an inner flow area, treating a yellow river suspension river and treating a depression; analyzing the pretreated DEM data to obtain river network data, wherein the river network data at least comprises a plurality of river fields and a plurality of rivers; ranking the plurality of rivers based on a Strahler ranking method; and coding the river basins and the rivers according to a preset coding strategy through grading of the river basins.
Further, the drainage basin comprises at least an independent drainage basin and a sub-drainage basin.
Further, the river network data includes a plurality of grids, and the step of analyzing the preprocessed DEM data to obtain the river network data includes: processing the grids through a D8 algorithm to generate a flow direction of each grid; calculating and generating the water collecting area of each grid; determining grids meeting a preset water collection area threshold as river network grids; acquiring a river basin outlet in the river network grid; counting river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet; determining a water collecting range corresponding to the drainage basin outlet according to the river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet and the flow direction of each grid; and determining the river and the river basin according to the water collecting range.
Further, the step of grading the plurality of rivers based on the Strahler grading method includes: determining the river network grid meeting the preset conditions as a river source grid; acquiring at least one downstream grid of the river source grids according to the flow direction of each grid; counting the number of the downstream grids; and judging the grade of the river where the downstream grid is positioned according to the number.
Further, the step of encoding the plurality of river basins and the plurality of rivers according to a preset encoding strategy and by grading the plurality of rivers includes: calculating to obtain the areas of a plurality of independent waterbasins; obtaining the area ranking of each independent drainage basin according to the areas of the plurality of independent drainage basins; generating codes of the independent watershed according to the area ranks of the independent watershed and the highest classification of the rivers contained in the independent watershed; generating codes of all rivers contained in the independent drainage basins according to the codes of the independent drainage basins and the grading of all rivers contained in the independent drainage basins; and generating codes of the sub-basins contained in the independent basins according to the codes of the highest-level rivers contained in the independent basins.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a Strahler classification-based encoding apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the acquired DEM data, wherein the preprocessing at least comprises the following steps: treating an inner flow area, treating a yellow river suspension river and treating a depression; the analysis unit is used for analyzing the preprocessed DEM data to obtain river network data, wherein the river network data comprises a plurality of river fields and a plurality of rivers; a classification unit for classifying the plurality of rivers based on a Strahler classification device; the coding unit is used for coding the river basins and the rivers according to a preset coding strategy through grading of the river basins.
Optionally, the drainage basin comprises at least an independent drainage basin and a sub-drainage basin.
Optionally, the river network data includes a plurality of grids, wherein the analysis unit includes: the processing module is used for processing the grids through a D8 algorithm to generate the flow direction of each grid; calculating and generating the water collecting area of each grid; the first determining module is used for determining grids meeting a preset water collecting area threshold as river network grids; the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a river basin outlet in the river network grid; the first statistics module is used for counting river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet; the second determining module is used for determining a water collecting range corresponding to the drainage basin outlet according to the river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet and the flow direction of each grid; and the third determining module is used for determining the river and the river basin according to the water collecting range.
Optionally, the grading unit includes: a fourth determining module, configured to determine the river network grid satisfying the preset condition as a river source grid; the second acquisition module is used for acquiring at least one downstream grid of the river source grids according to the flow direction of each grid; the second statistics module is used for counting the number of the downstream grids; and the judging module is used for judging the grade of the river where the downstream grid is positioned according to the number.
Optionally, the encoding unit includes: the second calculation module is used for calculating the areas of the independent watershed; the obtaining module is used for obtaining the area ranking of each independent drainage basin according to the areas of the plurality of independent drainage basins; a first generation module for generating a code for each independent river basin according to the area rank of the independent river basin and the highest rank of the river contained in the independent river basin; the second generation module is used for generating codes of all rivers contained in the independent river basin according to the codes of the independent river basin and the grades of all the rivers contained in the independent river basin; and the third generation module is used for generating codes of the sub-basins contained in the independent basins according to the codes of the highest-level rivers contained in the independent basins.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a river basin and stream coding method based on Strahler classification according to a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of river and river basin extraction and coding according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a river, river basin coding structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of river coding of a sub-basin in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of basin coding of an independent basin in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Strahler-based coding apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples are not representative of all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the accompanying claims.
Example 1
The scheme provides a river basin and river coding method based on Strahler classification, and the scheme can be executed on a server and other devices, as shown in FIG. 1, and the method can comprise the following steps:
Step S11, preprocessing the acquired DEM data, wherein the preprocessing at least comprises the following steps: inner flow area treatment, yellow river suspension treatment and depression treatment.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the DEM data may be terrain data in a grid format (such as ESRI ASCII, etc.), preferably, the scheme uses SRTM DEM data with a horizontal resolution of 250m, and then a series of preprocessing operations are performed on the data, which is not limited to inner-flow area processing, yellow river suspension processing and depression processing. The scheme can preprocess the topographic data of the outside-China inflow sea basin, the inside-land river, the inside-land lake basin and the downstream of the yellow river to generate the depression-free DEM derivative data with small change amount (about 6%) to the original DEM so as to ensure the continuity of the water flow path and meet the actual situation of the water flow in China as far as possible.
In an alternative embodiment, the preprocessing the acquired DEM data in step S11 may include:
in step S111, when the digital river basin is constructed, the outlets of the default independent river basin are all located on the coastline or the boundary of the land lake, in this scheme, the independent river basin refers to the river basin on the coastline, the inland trunk or the water lake berth line of the final drainage outlet, and in order to ensure that the inland river can be accurately extracted, the DEM of the inland lake area is assigned to a null value when the topographic data is preprocessed. For example, the Yangtze river, the yellow river, the Zhujiang river and the like are all outflow independent watershed, the Tarim river and the Qinghai lake are inflow independent watershed, and the cave lake, the Poyang lake and the Tai lake are all sub-watershed of the Yangtze river watershed, because they finally flow into the sea through the Yangtze river trunk.
Step S112: according to the topography data, the downstream main stream of the yellow river is digitalized, the altitude of the banks at the two sides of the river is manually raised, so that the constraint effect of the artificial dykes and dams is described, and the downstream river reach and the river basin boundary of the yellow river are reasonably extracted.
Step S113: in the depression processing process, when the original height of the upstream adjacent grids is larger than that of the depression grids, the height difference of the upstream adjacent grids and the depression grids is kept unchanged before and after the depression processing, and the depression processing method is beneficial to more reasonably calculating the flow direction and extracting the digital river network on the premise of ensuring the continuity of the water flow path by keeping the elevation information of the original DEM to the maximum extent, and can provide the DEM with small modification quantity and no depression for the hydrologic research of the terrain data after the depression filling process.
And S13, analyzing the preprocessed DEM data to obtain river network data, wherein the river network data comprises a plurality of river fields and a plurality of rivers.
Specifically, in the scheme, after the DEM data is preprocessed, the scheme analyzes the DEM data after preprocessing to obtain river network data, extracts a river based on the river network data, and divides the river basin, and optionally, the river basin can include independent river basins and sub-river basins contained in each independent river basin, wherein the independent river basin can be a water collecting area of which a final drainage outlet falls on a border line of China or an inland lake, and the sub-river basin refers to each sub-water area further subdivided inside each independent river basin.
Step S15, grading a plurality of rivers based on a Strahler grading method.
Specifically, in the analysis to obtain a plurality of rivers, the scheme can classify the plurality of rivers based on a Strahler classification method, and the Strahler classification rule can be as follows: the river (i.e. river source) where no tributary is collected is a class 1 river; when the rivers of the same level are intersected, the number of river reach stages at the downstream of the intersection is increased by one stage, and when the rivers of different levels are intersected, the number of river reach stages at the downstream of the intersection is kept to be the highest level in the river of the intersection. For example, two grade 1 rivers meet, and a grade 2 river is downstream of the intersection; the two 2-level rivers meet, and the downstream of the intersection is a 3-level river; the 1-level river and the 2-level river are intersected, the downstream of the intersection is still the 2-level river, and the like.
Step S17, coding a plurality of river basins and a plurality of rivers according to a preset coding strategy through grading of the river basins.
Specifically, in this embodiment, a coding rule may be predefined, and the river basin (independent river basin and sub-river basin) may be coded according to the classification of the river obtained by the Strahler method. The coding rule may be: the codes of all the watershed consist of numbers to pursue code simplicity, for example, the water collecting area in China is uniquely coded in all independent watershed from 1 to 999 positions from large to small; the codes of each independent drainage basin are composed of 4 digits, the first 3 digits are the orders from large to small according to the water collecting area in China, the values are 001-999, and the 4 th digit is the highest Strahler river series number in each independent drainage basin, and the values are 1-9. All sub-watershed contained in the independent watershed with codes are provided with unique codes, and the codes of the sub-watershed comprise and expand the codes of the subordinate watershed so as to represent the topological relation of the watershed; every time the Strahler grade of the tributary and the sub-river basin is reduced by 1 grade, the coding of the Strahler grade is increased by two digits, and the value is 00-99. The resulting code structure according to the above-described preset encoding strategy is depicted in fig. 3. The first section of the code has 4-bit codes, the first 3 bits represent the highest-level river according to the water collection area level (001-999), and the 4 th bit of the code represents the highest-level river Strahler series (1-9). And starting coding the 5 th bit, reducing the river number in the independent river basin by one stage, and increasing two bits (sequentially taking values from 00, 02, 03, … and 99) on the basis of the coding of the river which the corresponding river enters, wherein the two bits are gradually increased from 00 to 99, and the values are increased from the downstream to the upstream, so that coding of all the rivers is realized.
It should be noted that, the scheme provides a Chinese river basin coding method based on the Strahler river series through the method, the scheme can be realized by writing a whole set of C++ program, and unified algorithm and terrain Data (DEM) are adopted to extract the river in China, divide the river basin and perform Strahler river grading, so that the coding of the river and the river basin is realized, and a basic reference is provided for promoting water conservancy information management, hydrologic science research and inter-industry hydrologic information sharing and communication. Therefore, the technical problems of limited river and poor expansibility of code coverage caused by the existing coding method of the existing coding method are solved. According to the scheme, according to a natural water flow collection rule, based on a traditional Strahler river grading method, the characteristics of hydrologic characteristics of the same-level river basin in each independent river basin and between independent river basins in China under natural conditions are assumed to be comparable, unified standards and calculation programs are adopted, the river and the river basin in China are automatically extracted and encoded, and the encoding has the characteristics of simplicity, uniqueness, large code capacity, strong expandability, capability of reacting to river networks, river basin topological structures, support of the relationship comparison of the river and the river basin in the independent river basin and between the independent river basins and the like, and is beneficial to promoting water conservancy information management, hydrologic science research and inter-industry hydrologic information sharing and communication.
Optionally, the drainage basin in the scheme at least comprises an independent drainage basin and a sub-drainage basin, and in combination with fig. 2, the scheme firstly carries out preprocessing on terrain Data (DEM) including inner flow area processing, yellow river hanging processing and depression processing; then, extracting river nets and dividing river basins, including the processes of flow direction and water collecting area calculation, river extraction, river basin division and the like, and then, carrying out river grading by adopting a Strahler method; then, formulating river and river basin coding rules; finally, rivers and basins are encoded.
Optionally, the river network data includes a plurality of grids, and the step of analyzing the preprocessed DEM data to obtain the river network data in step S13 may include:
in step S131, the plurality of grids are processed by the D8 algorithm to generate a flow direction of each grid.
Step S132, calculating the water collection area of each grid.
And step S133, determining the grid meeting the preset water collection area threshold as a river network grid.
Step S134, obtaining drainage basin outlets in the river network grids.
Step S135, counting river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlets.
And step S136, determining the water collecting range corresponding to the river basin outlet according to the river network grids flowing into the river basin outlet and the flow direction of each grid.
And step S137, determining the river and the river basin according to the water collecting range.
Specifically, in the scheme, the D8 algorithm is firstly utilized to calculate the flow direction, then the calculation result is utilized to calculate the water collection area, the reasonable water collection area threshold value can be selected to extract the river, and the greater the water collection area threshold value is, the more sparse the extracted river network is, and the more dense the contrary is. According to the method, a water collection area threshold is determined by controlling the proportion of the river stream surface area to the water collection area of the river basin, finally, according to the flow direction, a grid flowing into the outlet of the river basin is marked from the outlet of the river basin, the corresponding river basin range (namely the water collection area) of the outlet of the river basin is obtained through iterative calculation, and the independent river basin and the multiple sub-river basins in the independent river basin are divided according to the river basin range.
In an alternative embodiment, the eight neighborhood (D8) flow direction of each grid is calculated first, the water collection area of each grid is further calculated, and then the river network is extracted by setting the grid exceeding the water collection area threshold as the river network grid, and vice versa as the hillside grid. The water collection area threshold value of each independent drainage basin is different. The method comprises the steps of firstly estimating the percentage of the river water surface area of each independent river basin to the total water collection area (the remote sensing measurement means is adopted), then setting a plurality of thresholds to respectively extract river network water systems, calculating the percentage of the corresponding river network area, and selecting the threshold closest to the estimated percentage as the optimal river extraction water collection area threshold. Finally, starting from the drainage basin outlet according to the flow direction result, marking grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet against the water flow direction, and defining a drainage basin water collecting range corresponding to the drainage basin outlet through iterative calculation. In order to facilitate subsequent calculation and use, the river network and river basin boundary ASCII files are vectorized.
Alternatively, the step of grading the plurality of rivers based on the Strahler grading method of step S15 may include:
step S151, determining the river network grids meeting the preset conditions as river source grids.
Step S152, at least one downstream grid of the river source grids is acquired according to the flow direction of each grid.
Step S153, counting the number of downstream grids.
Step S154, judging the grade of the river where the downstream grid is positioned according to the number.
In an alternative embodiment, river grading can be performed by using Strahler method and queue technique in c++ data structure based on the extracted grid river network data, specifically, first, all river sources are found according to the flow direction and the extracted river, the grade of the river source grid is assigned to 1, and the 1-grade river queue is added. The river grid satisfies two conditions: firstly, belonging to river grids; and secondly, no river grid flows to the adjacent grids. Then, according to the flow direction, moving one grid from the river source to the downstream, counting the number of adjacent river grids flowing into the current grid, if the number is equal to 1, the river grade of the current grid is the same as that of the upstream river grid, and continuing to move to the downstream; if the number is greater than 1, the current grid is indicated as a river intersection, the highest grade and the number of the upstream river grids are judged, if only 1 highest grade exists, the river grade of the current grid is equal to the highest grade, if a plurality of highest grades exist, the river grade of the current grid is equal to the highest grade plus 1, the current grid is reserved as a river source of a next-stage river, and the current grid is added into a 2-stage river queue. Finally, repeating the above process for all river sources in the 1-stage river queue to obtain a 2-stage river queue; repeating the above process for all 'river sources' in the 2-stage river queue to obtain a 3-stage river queue, and pushing the same until the next-stage river queue is empty, and ending the grading.
For example, about 40 ten thousand rivers in China were initially extracted using 250 m resolution SRTM DEM data, with a highest river level of 9, where: about 31 ten thousand of class 1 rivers, about 6.7 ten thousand of class 2 rivers, about 1.5 ten thousand of class 3 rivers, about 3300 of class 4 rivers, about 800 of class 5 rivers, about 200 of class 6 rivers, about 50 of class 7 rivers, 10 of class 8 rivers and 2 of class 9 rivers. The total length of the river network extracted in China is about 240 ten thousand km.
Optionally, the step S17 may further include the step of encoding the plurality of river basins and the plurality of rivers according to a preset encoding strategy through the classification of the plurality of rivers:
in step S171, areas of a plurality of independent watershed are calculated.
Step S172, obtaining the area rank of each independent drainage basin according to the areas of the plurality of independent drainage basins.
Step S173, generating a code for each individual river basin according to the area rank of the individual river basin and the highest rank of the river included in the individual river basin.
Step S174, generating codes of all rivers contained in the independent river basin according to the codes of the independent river basin and the grading of all rivers contained in the independent river basin.
Step S175, generating codes of sub-basins contained in the independent basins according to the codes of the highest-level rivers contained in the independent basins.
Specifically, in step S175, the sub-watershed included in the independent watershed is encoded. The scheme can set the codes of the sub-river fields to be the same as the codes of the highest-level river contained in the sub-river fields, and the codes of the main flow local water collecting areas are added with '00' for the tail parts of the corresponding main flow river codes. The water collecting area in the flow field can be divided into two parts of a sub-flow field and a main flow local water collecting area. The sub-river basin is the whole water collecting range of the secondary branch, and the main flow local water collecting area is the local water collecting range of the highest-grade river in the sub-river basin.
For example, the water collection area of the 8-level independent Zhujiang river basin is formed by splicing 5 7-level branches contained in the water collection area and a local water collection area corresponding to a Zhujiang main stream segment (8-level), and then the codes of the 5 sub-basins where the 7 branches and the branches are located are "0058" tail added "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", and the codes of the 8-level main stream local water collection area are "0058" tail added "00".
According to the defined coding rule, the codes of all independent waterbasins in China are shortest and are all 4 bits; the highest independent river basin grade is grade 9 (such as Yangtze river and yellow river); the longest stream-side code is a 1-level tributary contained in a 9-level independent stream-side code, which has a code length of 20 bits. The individual river basins within china are encoded in descending order of area, wherein, but not limited to, "0019", "0029", "0038", "0048", "0058" refer to the Yangtze river basin, the yellow river basin, the pinus river basin, the Tarim river basin and the Zhujiang river basin, respectively. The independent river basin coding mode can compare the relative sizes of independent river basins according to the size of the water collecting area and the highest Strahler grade, thereby ensuring the relative hierarchical structure of rivers and sub-river basins in the same river basin and supporting the contrasting relation across the independent river basins. For example, when the maximum flow of the flood is studied, the river basin is difficult to compare with the Yangtze river basin in terms of body volume, but the river basin is compared with the sub-basins of the Yangtze river, such as the Dongting lake, the Poyang lake or the Tai lake, and the like, so that the comparison is relatively reasonable in terms of body volume.
The coding mode in the scheme can realize the following coding characteristics:
(1) The codes contain catchment topology information of the river basin and the river. In the same independent flow field, nested codes can intuitively reflect the catchment topological relation of rivers and sub-flow fields in the same flow field, are convenient for establishing a river network index relation and serve for hydrologic modeling and hydrologic information management. For example, 0019 is the code of the largest independent river basin, the Yangtze river basin, within China, 001902 is the class 8 sub-basin Pond, the class 9 Yangtze river basin.
(2) The codes contain the hierarchical structure information of the river basin and the river based on the Strahler series. The watershed or river of the same Strahler series generally has better hydrologic contrast relativity. The mathematical formula for calculating the drainage basin series according to the drainage basin coding is [ drainage basin series ] = [ coding 4 th bit number ] - [ coding length-4 ]/2, and when the last two bits of the drainage basin coding are not '00', the drainage basin is the drainage basin of the drainage basin series; when the last two bits of the drainage basin code are "00", the drainage basin is a [ drainage basin series +1] level main stream local water collection area. The mathematical formula for calculating the tributary series according to the river code is [ river series ] = [ code 4 th digit ] - [ code length-4 ]/2. For example, the 9-stage Yangtze river basin code is 001902, which has a Strahler number of: the [ code 4 th bit number 9] - [ code length 6-4 ]/2=9-1=8 stage. As another example, a sub-watershed code for a 9-level Yangtze river basin is 001900, which has a Strahler number of: the 4 th digit 9 is coded to the code length 6-4/2=9-1=8, but the last two digits of the stream domain code are '00', which indicates that the stream domain is a local water collecting area of the dry stream of the stage [ stream domain series 8+1] =9. Similarly 005801 is the 7-level sub-river of the class 8 Zhujiang river.
(3) The longer the length of the sub-river codes in the same independent flow field is, the smaller the river with the highest level is, and the smaller the water collecting area is. For example, the basin encoded as "00590101" and the basin encoded as "005901" are both sub-basins of the independent basin "0059" and the former is a sub-basin in which the latter is further subdivided.
(4) The comparison connection between different independent watersheds can also be assisted by simple conversion calculation of codes. For example, 001902 is a level 8 sub-basin of a level 9 Yanghu basin and 005801 is a level 7 sub-basin of a level 8 Zhujiang basin. In the same way, the Poyang lake basin is 8-level, and the Poyang lake basin is more comparable with the whole Zhujiang basin in terms of volume (water collection area of the basin, river size and the like). The volumes can be simply and directly compared according to river or river basin codes, and the relative hydrologic analysis is convenient.
An alternative embodiment of the present solution is described below with respect to the above steps S171 to S175:
first, the scheme can encode independent watershed. Firstly, determining the ordering sequence value (the value is 001-999) of an independent drainage basin in China from large to small according to the area; step two, determining the highest Strahler river series (the value is 1-9) in the independent river basin; and thirdly, taking the area sequence value of the independent stream domain as the first 3 bits and the corresponding highest Strahler river level value as the 4 th bit to form the 4-bit stream domain code of the independent stream domain. For example, the Zhujiang river basin is ranked 5 in descending order of water collection area of all independent basins in China, and the highest river included therein is 8 in Strahler series, so the coding of Zhujiang river basin is 0058.
The highest level river in the independent stream is then encoded. The codes of the highest-level rivers in the independent stream areas are set to be the same as the stream area codes. If the coding of the Zhujiang river basin is 0058, the coding of the 8-grade river segment contained in the Zhujiang river basin is 0058. In this scheme, all levels of rivers within an independent river basin are encoded. The coding is traced from the highest grade river from the downstream to the upstream, the number of stages of each river is reduced by one stage at the river crossing, and the coding of the corresponding river is increased by two bits (values are sequentially taken from 00, 01, 02, 03, … and 99) on the basis of the codes of the converging rivers, so that all the rivers are coded. When branch jump N-level (N is more than or equal to 1) is converged into the main stream, the branch code is added with (N-1) 00 on the basis of the converging river code, and the last two digits take values from 01 to 99.
For example, the Zhujiang river basin is ranked fifth according to the water collecting area in China, and the ranking order is recorded as '005'; the highest river level number in the Zhujiang river basin is 8, the code of the whole Zhujiang river basin is 0058, and correspondingly, the code of the highest level river segment (the 8-level main stream of Zhujiang, the starting point of the 8-level river segment from the entrance of Zhujiang to the sea) in the Zhujiang river basin is 0058. Further gradually decreasing according to the river level, the code of the east river of the next-stage (7-stage) tributary of the Zhujiang river is 005801, the code of the Xinfeng river (6-stage) of the east river is 00580101, the code of the tributary of the Xinfeng river connected with the level water (5-stage) is 0058010101, and the code of the tributary of the Xinfeng river connected with the level water (4-stage) is 005801010101 (as shown in fig. 3 and 4). For another example, the first 4-level branch stream from downstream to upstream that enters the Zhujiang 7-level main stream east river (code bit 005801) should have a code length increased by 3×2=6 bits, and the number of the hopped river stages is 7-4=3, so that the code is "005801" and is increased by 2 times by "00", and the last two bits take a value of 01, so that the branch is finally encoded as "005801000001" (refer to fig. 4). Fig. 4 illustrates the coding of a river above grade 4 in the eastern river basin of the zhujiang river. According to the iteration steps, all river flows forming the river network in the river region are traversed, and all river codes can be completed.
Finally, the sub-watershed contained in the independent watershed is encoded. Under the natural process, the water collecting area in the drainage basin can be divided into two parts of a sub-drainage basin and a main flow local water collecting area. The sub-river basin is the whole water collecting range of the secondary branch, and the main flow local water collecting area is the local water collecting range of the highest-grade river in the sub-river basin. For example, the water collection area of the 8-level independent Zhujiang river basin is formed by splicing 5 level 7 branches contained in the water collection area with local water collection areas corresponding to the Zhujiang main river segment (level 8) (as shown in fig. 5). And further coding the sub-drainage basins and the main stream local water collecting areas contained in each independent drainage basin according to the river coding and the association relation of the main stream and the branch water collecting areas of the front section. Setting the codes of the sub-river fields to be the same as the codes of the highest-level river contained in the sub-river fields, and adding '00' to the codes of the corresponding main-flow river codes at the tail of the main-flow local water collecting areas.
Fig. 5 illustrates the Zhujiang river basin coding. For example, the water collection area of the 8-level independent Zhujiang river basin is formed by splicing 5 7-level branches contained in the water collection area and a local water collection area corresponding to a Zhujiang main stream segment (8-level), and then the codes of the 5 sub-basins where the 7 branches and the branches are located are "0058" tail added "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", and the codes of the 8-level main stream local water collection area are "0058" tail added "00". Wherein, the coding of the east river basin of the secondary level (level 7) sub-basin of the Zhujiang river is '005801'; the code of the sub-river basin of the east river, the Xinfeng river basin (grade 6), is "00580101", the code of the sub-river basin of the Xinfeng river, the level-water (grade 5) basin, is "0058010101", and the code of the sub-river basin, the level-water, the Mixi river (grade 4) basin, is "005801010101".
It should be noted that, according to the present coding technology invention, all rivers and river basins of the independent Zhujiang river basin are coded. Table 1 below illustrates a specific application in the region of the Zhujiang river. Table 1 illustrates the hierarchical structure of the pearl river basin and internal catchment topology information. The area of the river basin of the Zhujiang river is about 45 ten thousand km2, the total river length is about 20 ten thousand km, the highest river grade in the river basin is 8 grades, the number of the sub-basins of the grade 4 to 7 is 467, 115, 28 and 5 respectively in sequence, and the average water collecting areas of the sub-basins of the grade 4 to 7 are 606, 2264, 10692 and 71739km2 respectively in sequence; the length of the 8-class dry stream river reach of the Zhujiang river is about 490km, and the average lengths of the 4-7-class rivers are respectively 15 km, 37 km, 72 km and 225km in sequence. Table 1 also illustrates the bead river basin river-basin coding system. The codes of the 5 7-level sub-domains in the Zhujiang river are respectively '005801', '005802', '005803', '005804', '005805' from downstream to upstream; the code of the 8-level main flow local water collecting area is 005800; taking 7-level sub-watershed encoded as '005801' as an example, 2 6-level sub-watershed are arranged in the watershed, the codes of the watershed are '00580101', '00580102', and the code of the 7-level main stream local water collecting region is '00580100'; taking 6-level sub-watershed encoded as '00580101' as an example, 2 5-level sub-watershed are arranged in the watershed, the codes of the watershed are respectively '0058010101', '0058010102', and the code of the 6-level main stream local water collecting region is '0058010100'.
TABLE 1 characteristics of Zhujiang river basin, river network coding, etc
By analogy, all rivers and basins within China can be encoded using the above encoding technique, with the preliminary encoding shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 Chinese in-house representation of river basin and river network coding
In summary, the scheme discloses a Chinese river basin coding method based on Strahler river series, which comprises the following steps: preprocessing terrain Data (DEM) including inner flow area processing, yellow river suspension processing and depression processing; extracting river nets and dividing river basins, including the processes of flow direction and water collecting area calculation, river extraction, river basin division and the like; river grading is carried out by adopting a Strahler method; formulating river and river basin coding rules; the river basin and river are encoded. The river network and river basin extraction and coding methods in the scheme are realized through C++ programs and are completely independent of third party software. The scheme provides a standard unified and systematic coding scheme for most of independent watercourses (the territorial area with the total coverage area exceeding 99%) and rivers with different sizes in China. The method solves the technical problems of limited river and poor expansibility of the code coverage caused by the existing coding method of the existing coding method.
Example two
As shown in fig. 6, there is provided a Strahler-based encoding apparatus for implementing the method of the first embodiment, and also for being disposed in a computer device, the apparatus comprising: a preprocessing unit 60, configured to perform preprocessing on the acquired DEM data, where the preprocessing at least includes: treating an inner flow area, treating a yellow river suspension river and treating a depression; an analysis unit 62, configured to analyze the preprocessed DEM data to obtain river network data, where the river network data includes a plurality of river fields and a plurality of rivers; a classification unit 64 for classifying a plurality of rivers based on a Strahler classification device; the encoding unit 66 is configured to encode a plurality of river basins and a plurality of rivers according to a preset encoding strategy.
It should be noted that, by the device, the scheme provides a Chinese river basin coding scheme based on the Strahler river series, the scheme can be realized by writing a whole set of C++ program, and unified algorithm and terrain Data (DEM) are adopted to extract rivers in China, divide the river basin and perform Strahler river grading, so that the coding of the rivers and the river basin is realized, and basic reference is provided for promoting water conservancy information management, hydrologic science research and inter-industry hydrologic information sharing and communication. Therefore, the technical problems of limited river and poor expansibility of code coverage caused by the existing coding method of the existing coding method are solved.
Optionally, the drainage basin comprises at least an independent drainage basin and a sub-drainage basin.
Optionally, the river network data includes a plurality of grids, wherein the analysis unit includes: the processing module is used for processing the grids through a D8 algorithm to generate the flow direction of each grid; calculating and generating the water collecting area of each grid; the first determining module is used for determining grids meeting a preset water collecting area threshold as river network grids; the first acquisition module is used for acquiring drainage basin outlets in the river network grids; the first statistics module is used for counting river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet; the second determining module is used for determining a water collecting range corresponding to the drainage basin outlet according to the river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet and the flow direction of each grid; and the third determining module is used for determining the river and the river basin according to the water collecting range.
Optionally, the grading unit includes: a fourth determining module, configured to determine a river network grid that meets a preset condition as a river source grid; the second acquisition module is used for acquiring at least one downstream grid of the river source grids according to the flow direction of each grid; the second statistics module is used for counting the number of the downstream grids; and the judging module is used for judging the grade of the river where the downstream grid is positioned according to the number.
Optionally, the encoding unit includes: the second calculation module is used for calculating the areas of a plurality of independent watercourses; the obtaining module is used for obtaining the area ranking of each independent drainage basin according to the areas of the plurality of independent drainage basins; a first generation module for generating a code for each independent river basin according to the area rank of the independent river basin and the highest rank of the river contained in the independent river basin; the second generation module is used for generating codes of all the rivers contained in the independent drainage basin according to the codes of the independent drainage basin and the grades of all the rivers contained in the independent drainage basin; and the third generation module is used for generating codes of sub-basins contained in the independent basins according to the codes of the highest-level rivers contained in the independent basins.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be effected without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A Strahler classification-based river basin and river coding method, the method comprising:
preprocessing the acquired DEM data, wherein the preprocessing at least comprises the following steps: treating an inner flow area, treating a yellow river suspension river and treating a depression;
the inner flow zone treatment comprises: when a digital river basin is constructed, outlets of default independent river basins are all positioned on the coastline or the boundary of a land lake, in the scheme, the independent river basin refers to a river basin on the coastline, inland trunk or a water lake berth line of a final drainage outlet, and DEM of an inland lake area is set to be a null value when terrain data is preprocessed in order to ensure that the inland river can be accurately extracted;
the yellow river suspension treatment comprises the following steps: digitizing the yellow river downstream main stream according to the topographic data, manually lifting the altitude of the banks at the two sides of the river to describe the constraint effect of the artificial dykes and dams, and reasonably extracting the yellow river downstream river reach and river basin boundaries;
The depression treatment includes: in the depression treatment process, when the original height of the upstream adjacent grids is larger than that of the depression grids, the height difference between the upstream adjacent grids and the depression grids is kept unchanged before and after the depression treatment, and the depression treatment method is beneficial to more reasonably calculating the flow direction and extracting the digital river network on the premise of ensuring the continuity of a water flow path by keeping the height information of the original DEM to the maximum extent, and can provide the DEM with small modification quantity and no depression for hydrologic research of the terrain data after the depression filling process;
analyzing the pretreated DEM data to obtain river network data, wherein the river network data at least comprises a plurality of river fields and a plurality of rivers;
ranking the plurality of rivers based on a Strahler ranking method;
coding the river basins and the rivers according to a preset coding strategy through grading of the river basins;
the step of encoding the river basins and the river streams according to a preset encoding strategy and by grading the river streams comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain the areas of a plurality of independent waterbasins;
obtaining the area ranking of each independent drainage basin according to the areas of the plurality of independent drainage basins;
Generating codes of the independent watershed according to the area ranks of the independent watershed and the highest classification of the rivers contained in the independent watershed;
generating codes of all rivers contained in the independent drainage basins according to the codes of the independent drainage basins and the grading of all rivers contained in the independent drainage basins;
and generating codes of the sub-basins contained in the independent basins according to the codes of the highest-level rivers contained in the independent basins.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the basin comprises at least an independent basin and a sub-basin.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the river network data includes a plurality of grids, and wherein the analyzing the river network data from the preprocessed DEM data includes:
processing the grids through a D8 algorithm to generate a flow direction of each grid;
calculating and generating the water collecting area of each grid;
determining grids meeting a preset water collection area threshold as river network grids;
acquiring a river basin outlet in the river network grid;
counting river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet;
determining a water collecting range corresponding to the drainage basin outlet according to the river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet and the flow direction of each grid;
And determining the river and the river basin according to the water collecting range.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of grading the plurality of rivers based on the Strahler grading method comprises:
determining the river network grid meeting the preset conditions as a river source grid;
acquiring at least one downstream grid of the river source grids according to the flow direction of each grid;
counting the number of the downstream grids;
and judging the grade of the river where the downstream grid is positioned according to the number.
5. A Strahler-hierarchy based encoding apparatus for implementing the method of any one of claims 3-4, the apparatus comprising:
the preprocessing unit is used for preprocessing the acquired DEM data, wherein the preprocessing at least comprises the following steps: treating an inner flow area, treating a yellow river suspension river and treating a depression;
the analysis unit is used for analyzing the preprocessed DEM data to obtain river network data, wherein the river network data comprises a plurality of river fields and a plurality of rivers;
the analysis unit includes:
the processing module is used for processing the grids through a D8 algorithm to generate the flow direction of each grid;
Calculating and generating the water collecting area of each grid;
the first determining module is used for determining grids meeting a preset water collecting area threshold as river network grids;
the first acquisition module is used for acquiring a river basin outlet in the river network grid;
the first statistics module is used for counting river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet;
the second determining module is used for determining a water collecting range corresponding to the drainage basin outlet according to the river network grids flowing into the drainage basin outlet and the flow direction of each grid;
a third determining module for determining the river and the basin according to the water collection range;
a classification unit for classifying the plurality of rivers based on a Strahler classification device; the classifying unit includes:
a fourth determining module, configured to determine the river network grid satisfying the preset condition as a river source grid;
the second acquisition module is used for acquiring at least one downstream grid of the river source grids according to the flow direction of each grid;
the second statistics module is used for counting the number of the downstream grids;
the judging module is used for judging the grade of the river where the downstream grid is positioned according to the number;
the coding unit is used for coding the river basins and the rivers according to a preset coding strategy through the grading of the river basins;
The encoding unit includes:
the second calculation module is used for calculating the areas of the independent watershed;
the obtaining module is used for obtaining the area ranking of each independent drainage basin according to the areas of the plurality of independent drainage basins;
a first generation module for generating a code for each independent river basin according to the area rank of the independent river basin and the highest rank of the river contained in the independent river basin;
the second generation module is used for generating codes of all rivers contained in the independent river basin according to the codes of the independent river basin and the grades of all the rivers contained in the independent river basin;
and the third generation module is used for generating codes of the sub-basins contained in the independent basins according to the codes of the highest-level rivers contained in the independent basins.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the basin comprises at least an independent basin and a sub-basin.
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