CN112649314A - Rockwell hardness measurement method using standard Rockwell hardness tester - Google Patents
Rockwell hardness measurement method using standard Rockwell hardness tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN112649314A CN112649314A CN202110017943.5A CN202110017943A CN112649314A CN 112649314 A CN112649314 A CN 112649314A CN 202110017943 A CN202110017943 A CN 202110017943A CN 112649314 A CN112649314 A CN 112649314A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
- G01N3/42—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid
- G01N3/44—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid the indentors being put under a minor load and a subsequent major load, i.e. Rockwell system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0078—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing using indentation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0098—Tests specified by its name, e.g. Charpy, Brinnel, Mullen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a Rockwell hardness measuring method using a standard Rockwell hardness tester, and in the last step, when an indentation rebounds under the action of initial pressure, a motor power mechanism drives a lifting beam and an installation block to move upwards, a pressure head keeps contacting with the indentation to apply pressure, and when a force measuring sensor measures that the pressure head pressure is F1When the pressure of the hydraulic cavity exceeds the set pressure of the first oil duct pressure release valve, liquid in the hydraulic cavity is discharged into the buffer cavity through the first oil duct, the compression amount of the force transmission spring is kept unchanged in the indentation rebounding process, and after the indentation rebounding is finished, the displacement variation of the laser displacement sensor in the period from the second step to the third step is H3If the indentation residual depth H is equal to (H)2‑H1)‑H3. The invention provides a Rockwell hardness measuring method which can ensure that a pressure head can maintain an initial test pressure on a test piece in the indentation rebound measuring process when the initial test pressure of the pressure head on the test piece is kept.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Rockwell hardness measurement method using a standard Rockwell hardness tester in the field of hardness measurement calibration.
Background
The Rockwell hardness is an index for determining a hardness value by an indentation deformation depth, and the basic measurement principle is that, under a specified condition, a Rockwell hardness indenter is operated in the following steps, that is, in the first step, at an initial test pressure F1Next, a Rockwell hardness indenter is pressed into the surface of the sample to produce an indentation, and then the test pressure F is increased2The indentation depth of the indenter into the sample is increased and subsequently the pressure F is removed2Maintaining the pressure F1In this case, the indentation generates a certain degree of springback, and the difference in height between the indentation and the initial indentation is referred to as indentation residual depth, which represents the hardness of rockwell. The standard rockwell hardness tester is a rockwell hardness tester for calibrating rockwell hardness standard block test pieces, and can also directly measure hardness of common test pieces.
In the prior art that is more traditional, adopt the weight loading to the loading mode of pressure head, for example produce preliminary test pressure F through the weight of certain quality1Then the test pressure F is increased by increasing the number of weights2Then, the newly added weight is subtracted, and finally the initial test pressure F is maintained1By measuring indentationThe residual depth. In the figure, item 1 represents a specimen pressed by an indenter, and item 2 represents an indenter pressure of F1Initial indentation depth was generated, item 3 indicates indenter pressure F2The deepest indentation depth produced, item 4 indicates the indenter pressure is represented by F2Is changed into F1After that, the depth of the indentation after springback, the height difference between item 4 and item 2 is called the residual depth of the indentation. The manual weight loading mode is tested, so that the Rockwell hardness measurement completely accords with the corresponding measurement mechanism, and the method has the characteristic of accurate measurement result. However, the manual weight loading method has the disadvantages of low automation degree, high labor intensity, low detection efficiency and the like, and thus chinese patent CN103884614B discloses a "standard rockwell hardness tester motor loading measuring mechanism", in this publication, a stepping motor is used as a power source for providing loading force, when in use, the stepping motor is connected with a spindle screw through a transmission mechanism, the spindle screw can be driven to move axially without the rotation of the stepping motor, and a pressure head is mounted at the lower end of the spindle screw.
Although the novel standard Rockwell hardness tester for providing the loading force through the motor improves the automation degree in the Rockwell hardness detection process to a certain extent and reduces the labor intensity of workers, the Rockwell hardness tester cannot work according to the detection principle of the Rockwell hardness, because three key force action moments exist in the Rockwell hardness detection process, namely, initial test pressure is applied, then test pressure is increased, and finally the initial test pressure is maintained, the existing motor loading mode can only provide the initial test pressure and increase the test pressure, and can not realize the final maintenance of the initial test pressure, because in real operation, the motor rotates towards one direction, the spindle screw moves downwards to increase the pressure on a test piece, when the motor rotates towards the other direction, the spindle screw can generate upward displacement, and the displacement causes a pressure head not to act on the bottom of an indentation, that is to say, in the last step, the indentation bottom can not be guaranteed to keep under the condition of initial test pressure, so that the indentation generates a certain amount of resilience, and the situation that the resilience amount of the indentation exceeds the normal resilience amount possibly occurs is that the residual depth of the indentation is smaller than the actual required value, and the measurement precision of the Rockwell hardness is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Rockwell hardness measuring method using a standard Rockwell hardness tester, which can ensure that a pressure head can maintain an initial test pressure on a test piece in an indentation rebound measuring process when the initial test pressure of the pressure head on the test piece is maintained, and further accurately obtain the residual depth of an indentation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a Rockwell hardness measuring method using a standard Rockwell hardness tester comprises the following steps that firstly, a motor power mechanism of the standard Rockwell hardness tester drives a lifting cross beam and an installation block to move downwards, the installation block transmits force to a press head seat and a press head through a force transmission spring, a first oil duct switch valve and a second oil duct switch valve on the installation block are closed, the press head applies pressure to a test piece, and a force measuring sensor measures that the pressure of the press head is F1When the laser displacement sensor is started, the power mechanism of the motor stops working, and the reading of the laser displacement sensor at the moment is H1(ii) a Secondly, the motor power mechanism continues to drive the lifting cross beam and the mounting block to move downwards, and the pressure of the pressure head measured by the force measuring sensor is F2When F is present2＞F1When the power mechanism of the motor stops operating, the reading of the laser displacement sensor at the moment is H2(ii) a Thirdly, the motor power mechanism drives the lifting beam and the mounting block to move upwards, the pressure head keeps contacting with the indentation to apply pressure, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure of the pressure head is F1When the pressure of the hydraulic cavity exceeds the set pressure of the first oil duct pressure release valve, liquid in the hydraulic cavity is discharged into the buffer cavity through the first oil duct, the compression amount of the force transmission spring is kept unchanged in the indentation rebounding process, and after the indentation rebounding is finished, the displacement variation of the laser displacement sensor in the period from the second step to the third step is H3If the indentation residual depth H is equal to (H)2-H1)-H3。
After the measurement is finished, the second oil duct switch valve and the atmospheric channel switch valve are opened, the motor power mechanism drives the press head seat and the press head to move upwards through the lifting cross beam and the mounting block, the press head is separated from the test piece, the press head seat drives the piston plate to move downwards through the force transmission spring, and liquid in the buffer cavity is pumped back into the hydraulic cavity through the second oil duct.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when initial pressure loading is carried out on a test piece, the first oil duct switch valve and the second oil duct switch valve are both closed, liquid in the hydraulic cavity can be used for transferring force, the motor power mechanism drives the moving block to move downwards, the moving block transfers force to the press head seat through the liquid in the hydraulic cavity and the force transfer spring, the press head applies initial test pressure to the test piece, and when the specified pressure is reached, the motor power mechanism stops acting; when the pressure needs to be increased for the second time, the first oil duct switch valve and the second oil duct switch valve are kept closed, the motor power mechanism continues to act, and when the specified pressure is reached, the motor power mechanism stops acting; when the pressure of the pressure head on the test piece is required to be unloaded to the initial test pressure, the motor power mechanism drives the moving block to move upwards, the pressure head does not move upwards under the action of the force transmission spring and keeps contact with the bottom of the indentation until the pressure is unloaded to the initial test pressure, then the rebounding of the indentation is waited, the first oil duct switch valve is opened in the process, the pressure head moves upwards in the rebounding process of the indentation, the upward acting force is applied to the force transmission spring by the pressure head, so that the liquid pressure in the hydraulic cavity is increased, if the pressure is not released, the acting force of the pressure head on the test piece is larger than the initial test pressure in the rebounding process of the indentation, the liquid in the hydraulic cavity is released into the buffer cavity in the rebounding process of the indentation, the piston plate moves upwards relative to the hydraulic cavity, and the compression amount of the force transmission spring is kept unchanged in the rebounding process of, the acting force of the pressure head on the bottom of the indentation is always maintained at the initial test pressure, so that the rebound process of the indentation is ensured to accord with the measurement principle of Rockwell hardness, and the measurement precision of the Rockwell hardness is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Rockwell hardness measurement in the background of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the mounting block and the press head base in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of a rockwell hardness measurement method using a standard rockwell hardness tester is shown in fig. 2 to 3: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a motor power mechanism of a standard Rockwell hardness tester drives a lifting cross beam and an installation block to move downwards, the installation block transmits force to a pressure head seat and a pressure head through a force transmission spring, a first oil duct switch valve and a second oil duct switch valve on the installation block are closed, the pressure head applies pressure to a test piece, when the pressure head pressure measured by a force measuring sensor is F1, the motor power mechanism stops acting, the reading of a laser displacement sensor at the moment is H1(ii) a Secondly, the motor power mechanism continues to drive the lifting cross beam and the mounting block to move downwards, and the pressure of the pressure head measured by the force measuring sensor is F2When F is present2＞F1When the power mechanism of the motor stops operating, the reading of the laser displacement sensor at the moment is H2(ii) a Thirdly, the motor power mechanism drives the lifting beam and the mounting block to move upwards, the pressure head keeps contacting with the indentation to apply pressure, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure of the pressure head is F1When the pressure of the hydraulic cavity exceeds the set pressure of the first oil duct pressure release valve, liquid in the hydraulic cavity is discharged into the buffer cavity through the first oil duct, the compression amount of the force transmission spring is kept unchanged in the indentation rebounding process, and after the indentation rebounding is finished, the displacement variation of the laser displacement sensor in the period from the second step to the third step is H3If the indentation residual depth H is equal to (H)2-H1)-H3。
After the measurement is finished, the second oil duct switch valve and the atmospheric channel switch valve are opened, the motor power mechanism drives the press head seat and the press head to move upwards through the lifting cross beam and the mounting block, the press head is separated from the test piece, the press head seat drives the piston plate to move downwards through the force transmission spring, and liquid in the buffer cavity is pumped back into the hydraulic cavity through the second oil duct.
The standard Rockwell hardness tester in the Rockwell hardness measurement method comprises a rack, a motor power mechanism and a pressure head device, wherein the rack comprises a rack supporting leg 11 and a rack table plate 12 fixed on the rack supporting leg, a left rack guide post 26 and a right rack guide post 14 are fixed at the upper end of the rack table plate, a fixed cross beam 24 is fixed at the upper ends of the left rack guide post 26 and the right rack guide post 14, the pressure head device comprises a moving block which can move up and down under the driving of the motor power mechanism, the moving block comprises a lifting cross beam 21 which is assembled on the left rack guide post and the right rack guide post in a guiding manner, and the moving block further comprises an installation block 38 fixed at the lower end of the lifting cross beam.
The left side and the right side of the rack are also rotatably provided with a left side transmission screw 27 and a right side transmission screw 13, the left side transmission screw 27 is in threaded fit with the left end of the lifting cross beam 21, and the right side transmission screw 13 is in threaded fit with the right end of the lifting cross beam 21, so that the lifting cross beam forms a screw which cannot rotate but can only move up and down. Motor power unit is including being fixed in the gear motor 8 of frame platen downside, gear motor has the power output shaft that the axis extends along upper and lower direction, the last coaxial line of power output shaft is fixed with driving gear 7, the downside coaxial line in the frame platen on the left side drive screw is fixed with left side lead screw shaft gear 5, the downside coaxial line in the support platen is fixed with right side lead screw shaft gear 10 on the right side drive screw 13, left side lead screw shaft gear 5 is connected with driving gear 7 transmission through left side drive gear 6, right side lead screw shaft gear 10 is connected with driving gear 7 transmission through right side drive gear 9, like this under the drive of driving gear, left side lead screw shaft gear and right side lead screw shaft gear can synchronous syntropy rotate. In addition, in order to avoid dust from entering the left and right transmission screws to affect the transmission precision, the left side transmission screw is covered with a left side shield 25, the right side transmission screw is covered with a right side shield 15, the opening of the left side shield faces to the right, the opening of the right side shield faces to the left, the two ends of the lifting beam 21 penetrate through the corresponding openings, a left corrugated folding plate 23 is arranged between the left end of the lifting beam and the upper end of the left side shield, a left corrugated folding plate 23 is arranged between the left end of the lifting beam and the frame bedplate, a right corrugated folding plate 22 is arranged between the right end of the lifting beam and the upper end of the left side shield, and a right corrugated folding plate 22 is arranged between the right end of the lifting beam and the frame bedplate, the opening of the corresponding shield is shielded by the left corrugated folding plate and the right corrugated folding plate, so as to prevent the field dust from entering the corresponding shield, and simultaneously, the, the folding and shrinking of the ripple folded sheet of upside, the ripple folded sheet of downside expandes, and when the lift crossbeam moved down, the ripple folded sheet of upside expandes, and the folding and shrinking of ripple folded sheet of downside.
The mounting block 38 is provided with a hydraulic chamber 35 with a downward opening, a piston plate 36 is movably guided in the hydraulic chamber 35, and the lower end of the mounting block is provided with a piston plate stopping and turning edge 37 for stopping and matching with the piston plate to limit the downward movement of the piston plate. The pressure head 17 is installed on the pressure head seat 20, the left side and the right side of the installation block are fixedly provided with guide rods 29 with axes extending along the vertical direction, the pressure head seat 20 is movably assembled on the guide rods in a guiding mode, the pressure head 17 is fixed at the lower end of the pressure head seat 20, the upper end of the pressure head seat 20 is provided with a force transducer 30, a piston plate 36 is connected with the force transducer through a force transmission spring 18 with axes extending along the vertical direction, the upper end of the specific force transmission spring is fixed on the piston plate, and the lower end of the force transmission spring is fixed on the force transducer. The side of the pressure head base is provided with a laser displacement sensor 28.
Still be equipped with cushion chamber 34 in the installation piece, be provided with first oil duct 33 between the upper end of cushion chamber 34 and the hydraulic pressure chamber 35, be provided with second oil duct 31 between the lower extreme of cushion chamber 34 and the hydraulic pressure chamber 35, still be provided with on the installation piece 38 and be used for communicateing cushion chamber and outside atmospheric atmosphere passageway 32, be provided with first oil duct ooff valve and first oil duct relief valve on the first oil duct 33, be provided with the second oil duct ooff valve on the second oil duct 31, be provided with the atmospheric air passageway ooff valve on the atmospheric air passageway. In the present embodiment, the first oil passage switching valve, the second oil passage switching valve, and the atmosphere passage switching valve are all solenoid valves.
The frame platen is provided with cross sliding table 16 on the lower side of the pressure head, the transverse movement of the cross sliding table is driven by a transverse motor, the longitudinal movement of the cross sliding table is driven by a longitudinal motor, a test piece 19 is arranged on the cross sliding table 16 during use, the cross sliding table can drive the test piece to move left and right, and therefore the pressing position of the pressure head on the test piece is changed, and indentation positions are changed to obtain multiple sets of data.
In the using process of the invention, a motor power mechanism passes through a left screw shaft and a right screwThe shaft drives the lifting beam to move downwards, the lifting beam and the mounting block transmit force to the pressure head seat through the force transmission spring, the pressure head applies pressure to the test piece until the reading of the force measuring sensor is F1At the moment, indentation is generated, the displacement value measured by the laser displacement sensor is the zero displacement value, then the motor power mechanism continues to drive the lifting beam 21 and the mounting block 38 to move downwards, the force transmission spring 18 is compressed, and the acting force of the pressure head on the test piece is gradually increased to F2And recording the reading of the laser displacement sensor once, wherein the first oil duct switch valve and the second oil duct switch valve are both in a closed state in the above process. Then, the first oil duct switch valve is opened, and the motor power mechanism drives the lifting cross beam to move upwards until the acting force of the pressure head on the test piece is restored to F1Keeping a period of time, this in-process is under the effect of biography power spring, and the pressure head exerts the effort to the indentation bottom always, and is unanimous with the required measurement principle of rockwell hardness, and simultaneously at the in-process that the indentation kick-backed, the pressure head can upwards move and exert upward effort to transmission spring, and transmission spring exerts the effort to the piston plate, and the liquid in the hydraulic pressure intracavity is arranged the cushion chamber through first oil duct to realize the pressure release, transmission spring is not compressed, guarantees that the indentation rebounds the in-process, and the pressure head maintains F throughout to the pressure of indentation1And finally measuring the residual depth of the indentation. In the final indentation rebound process, the invention can ensure that the pressure head always keeps the initial pressure F on the bottom of the indentation1The method is consistent with the measurement principle of the Rockwell hardness, so that the residual depth of the indentation can be accurately measured, and the Rockwell hardness value can be accurately obtained. After the measurement is finished, the motor power mechanism drives the lifting beam to move upwards, the second oil duct switch valve and the atmospheric channel switch valve are opened, the lifting beam has a downward movement trend under the action of the gravity of the press head seat, the press head seat drives the piston plate to move downwards through the force transmission spring, and hydraulic oil in the buffer cavity is pumped back to the hydraulic cavity through the second oil duct. In other embodiments of the present invention, the load cell may also be disposed on the underside of the pressure head base, with the load cell being located between the pressure head base and the pressure head.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A rockwell hardness measurement method using a standard rockwell hardness tester, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a motor power mechanism of a standard Rockwell hardness tester drives a lifting cross beam and an installation block to move downwards, the installation block transmits force to a pressure head seat and a pressure head through a force transmission spring, a first oil duct switch valve and a second oil duct switch valve on the installation block are closed, the pressure head applies pressure to a test piece, and a force measuring sensor measures that the pressure head pressure is F1When the laser displacement sensor is started, the power mechanism of the motor stops working, and the reading of the laser displacement sensor at the moment is H1(ii) a Secondly, the motor power mechanism continues to drive the lifting cross beam and the mounting block to move downwards, and the pressure of the pressure head measured by the force measuring sensor is F2When F is present2＞F1When the power mechanism of the motor stops operating, the reading of the laser displacement sensor at the moment is H2(ii) a Thirdly, the motor power mechanism drives the lifting beam and the mounting block to move upwards, the pressure head keeps contacting with the indentation to apply pressure, and when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure of the pressure head is F1When the pressure of the hydraulic cavity exceeds the set pressure of the first oil duct pressure release valve, liquid in the hydraulic cavity is discharged into the buffer cavity through the first oil duct, the compression amount of the force transmission spring is kept unchanged in the indentation rebounding process, and after the indentation rebounding is finished, the displacement variation of the laser displacement sensor in the period from the second step to the third step is H3If the indentation residual depth H is equal to (H)2-H1)-H3。
2. The rockwell hardness measurement method according to claim 1, wherein: after the measurement is finished, the second oil duct switch valve and the atmospheric channel switch valve are opened, the motor power mechanism drives the press head seat and the press head to move upwards through the lifting cross beam and the mounting block, the press head is separated from the test piece, the press head seat drives the piston plate to move downwards through the force transmission spring, and liquid in the buffer cavity is pumped back into the hydraulic cavity through the second oil duct.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117782786A (en) * | 2024-02-26 | 2024-03-29 | 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） | Improved Shore hardness machine |
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| CN117782786B (en) * | 2024-02-26 | 2024-05-14 | 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） | Improved Shore hardness machine |
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