CN112646381A - 一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备及应用 - Google Patents
一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备及应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112646381A CN112646381A CN202110089945.5A CN202110089945A CN112646381A CN 112646381 A CN112646381 A CN 112646381A CN 202110089945 A CN202110089945 A CN 202110089945A CN 112646381 A CN112646381 A CN 112646381A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- evaporation
- energy storage
- low
- storage material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002752 Konjac Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002310 Welan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000252 konjac Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940031703 low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N (2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2r,3s,4r,5r,6s)-6-[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2r,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](OC3[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LUEWUZLMQUOBSB-FSKGGBMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000247812 Amorphophallus rivieri Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001206 Amorphophallus rivieri Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002581 Glucomannan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940046240 glucomannan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010485 konjac Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 20
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 241000305491 Gastrodia elata Species 0.000 description 6
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019823 konjac gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010099 solid forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 sulfonic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L91/06—Waxes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/02—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to polysaccharides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/02—Polyalkylene oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备方法,是将高温有机相变储能材料和低温有机相变储能材料加热复合,冷却后得到低温储能材料;将低温储能材料与高岭土‑高分子防蒸发材料加入自来水中,于室温下搅拌混合均匀,即得高分子防蒸发控温材料。将该材料与沙、土、粪混合物混合均匀,可用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长。该材料可有效提高土壤微环境温度,并使其能够长时间维持在植物所能承受的最低温度之上,有利于缓解寒旱地区环境温度骤变对植物生长造成的压力。该材料具有优异的吸水保水性能及防蒸发性能,能为植物种子提供适宜的发芽和生长环境。本发明制备方法简单、环境友好且成本低廉,在寒旱地区植物种植和生长中具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业及生态修复技术领域,涉及一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备方法,该高分子防蒸发控温材料主要用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长。
背景技术
我国的荒漠化主要位于干旱半干旱的西北地区,其年平均降水量低于400mm,由于人口快速增长、工业化快速发展,使得我国高寒干旱地区降水量及河流径流量明显减少,而蒸发量发明显增加,水土环境进一步恶化,根据2014年全国第五次检测结果得知,目前我国已经发生荒漠化的面积有261.16万平方公里,占全国土地面积的27.20%,荒漠化土地主要集中分布在新疆、内蒙古、西藏、甘肃和青海五省。水资源严重限制了这些地区生态环境修复和经济发展,降低水分蒸发对干旱地区的发展刻不容缓。
蒸发是指土壤中的水分通过孔隙以水蒸气的形式扩散,并进入到大气中的过程。在自然界的水循环过程中,蒸发又是最重要的环节之一。在干旱地区的水循环过程中,特别是在一些地下水位较前区域,其蒸发量引起的水分消耗量大约是地表径流量的两倍左右,这会严重影响土壤的水量平衡,进而使植物生长受限。目前生产中经常通过秸秆铺设和地膜覆盖地表来降低土壤水分的蒸发,秸秆虽然可以保持土壤水分及土壤温度稳定,但在应用中,需要量大且不能调温;地膜虽被广泛利用,但它不易降解会造成白色污染,且在风沙大的环境下铺设保存十分困难。因此,一些可以提高土壤含水量的环境友好的高分子防蒸发材料,逐渐成为荒漠化地区防止土壤水分快速蒸发的首选材料。
此外,高寒干旱地区恶劣反常的气候也是影响植物生长和生态修复的一个不容忽视的因素。气候的变化不管是变暖还是变冷,都会在一定程度上对光照、水分、热量等气候要素的量值、时间格局造成一定程度的影响,且农作物会受到多方面多层次的影响。而光照、地热等因素又是影响农作物生长的重要因素同时还会对土壤有机质、微生物活动及反之造成一定影响,从而影响到土壤肥力。当温度升高或降水量减少时会对土壤中的有机碳含量造成影响,会直接导致土壤肥力下降进而导致土地资源的使用率受到影响;而当温度降低、或降水量增加时土壤的有机碳会逐渐增多,从而增强了土壤肥力,因此气候温度与降水量是影响土壤肥力的两大重要因素。
在寒旱地区的田地沙土成分高,白天升温极快而夜间又急剧降温,这种温度骤变不利于作物生长。因此,修复高寒干旱地区受损的生态环境,促进其更好的发展需要解决两个技术问题,第一是为种子发芽和生长提供充足的水肥条件;第二是提高种子所处土壤微环境的温度。这就要求土壤微环境能够兼备控温(低温储能材料)和防止水分蒸发(集水节水)两种特性来提高土壤持水持肥功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备方法,该高分子防蒸发控温材料主要用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长。
是将高温有机相变储能材料和低温有机相变储能材料以1:1~1:5的质量比于50 ~90 ℃下复合1 ~ 7 h,冷却后得到低温储能材料;将低温储能材料与高岭土-高分子防蒸发材料以3:1~10:1的质量比加入自来水中,于室温下充分搅拌混合均匀,即得高分子防蒸发控温材料;所述高岭土-高分子防蒸发材料是由高分子防蒸发材料与高岭土复配得到,其中高岭土的质量分数为3%~10%;所述高分子防蒸发材料为丙烯酰胺接枝共聚乙基纤维素、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚阿拉伯树胶、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚低取代羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚文莱胶、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚魔芋胶中的至少一种。
高岭土-高分子防蒸发材料中,高岭土对7-25μm波长的红外线具有阻隔作用,且高岭土具有羟基的表面有很好的吸水性能,而高分子防蒸发材料具有羧基、氨基、磺酸基和酰胺基等大量亲水基团,并且具有轻度交联可溶胀的三维网状结构。因此,高岭土-高分子防蒸发材料不仅能够有效地吸水保水,而且吸收的水分在一定压力下也不会完全损失,高分子防蒸发控温材料内部高分子链互相缠绕,水分子与内部原子(如氧、氮等)以氢键侨联作用将吸收的水分保留在材料内部,再加上密布的孔隙结构,使得材料失水更加缓慢。另外,高岭土与高分子防蒸发材料复配还能防止温度扩散,减少昼夜温差,降低成本。
所述高温有机相变储能材料为蜂蜡、木糖醇、棕榈酸、聚乙二醇中的至少一种。所述低温有机相变储能材料为甘油、乳酸、乙二醇、木糖醇、正辛酸中的至少一种。有机相变储能材料按其本征相变温度的高低划分,相变温度高的高温有机相变储能材料与相变温度低的低温有机相变储能材料加热复合得到低温储能材料,其相变温度为5 ~ 30 ℃,相变潜热为80 ~ 150 J/g。有机相变储能材料固体成型好,不易发生相分离及过冷析出现象,性能稳定,无毒,无腐蚀性,价格便宜,且将高温有机相变储能材料和低温有机相变储能材料按不同比例复合,可以得到具有不同的较宽相变温度范围的混合储热材料,以适应对温度有不同要求的应用。低温储能材料具有较大的相变潜热和优异的相变储能特性,在低温时可以通过从固相到液相的相态变化调控周围土壤的温度,以此达到调控土壤微环境温度的目的,使其长时间维持在种子所能承受的最低温度之上。本发明是利用物理相互作用把低温储能材料接枝到载体高分子防蒸发材料上,包括吸附作用(分子间作用力或氢键力)和网状结构,使得最终得到的高分子防蒸发控温材料在本质上进行固-液相变,宏观上仍能保持稳定的固态形状,所以在达到或超过其相变温度时,其在宏观上仍能保持其固体形态。并且低温储能材料在微观上发生固-液相变,充热和释热过程中,不存在与载体高分子防蒸发材料的脱离问题,是集高分子防蒸发材料于一体的聚合物。
本发明高分子防蒸发控温材料用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长,将高分子防蒸发控温材料加入沙、土、粪混合物中混合均匀并装入麻袋中,即可用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长;所述高分子防蒸发控温材料的加入量为沙、土、粪混合物质量的1.5~2%。麻袋中的土、沙、牛粪混合物中加入高分子防蒸发控温材料后,持水率可提高30%~48%。麻袋内部温度比附近沙中温度平均高9~13℃,并且在环境温度为-3~5 ℃时,经过10天麻袋内温度仍能维持在5~9 ℃。沙土可就地取材,大大的降低了成本。
综上所述,本发明首先通过高温有机相变储能材料和低温有机相变储能材料加热复合得到低温储能材料,然后将高岭土-高分子防蒸发材料与低温储能材料结合得到高分子防蒸发控温材料。该材料可以提供稳定的热能,有效提高了土壤微环境温度,并使其能够长时间维持在植物所能承受的最低温度之上,有利于缓解寒旱地区环境温度骤变对植物生长造成的压力。另外,该材料具有优异的吸水保水性能及防蒸发性能,能够有效防止土壤水分流失,为植物种子提供适宜的发芽和生长环境。且本发明制备方法简单易操作、环境友好并且成本低廉,适合大规模推广使用,在寒旱地区植物种植和生长中具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为低温储能材料的TG/DSC图。
图2为10天内放置高分子防蒸发控温材料与未放置高分子防蒸发控温材料的土壤温度随时间变化的曲线。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备和应用作进一步说明。
实施例1
分别称取5 g蜂蜡、15 g乳酸,在水浴锅中80 ℃机械搅拌4 h。待自然降温后得到低温储能材料,该材料相变温度为12 ℃,相变潜热为90 J/g,见图1。之后,将低温储能材料与高岭土-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚魔芋胶(高岭土的质量分数为3 %)按质量比为3:1加入自来水中,室温下机械搅拌7 h,得到高分子防蒸发控温材料。
将上述高分子防蒸发控温材料加入到由当地土、沙和牛粪组成的混合物中(沙:土:牛粪=70:1:1,高分子防蒸发控温材料为混合物质量的1.7%),混合均匀后,装入80 cm•100 cm麻袋。麻袋中的土、沙、牛粪混合物中加入高分子防蒸发控温材料后,持水率提高30%,麻袋内部温度比附近沙中温度平均高10~11℃,并且在环境温度为-3~5 ℃时,经过10天麻袋内温度仍能维持在5 ℃左右,见图2。
实施例2
分别称取5 g棕榈酸、15 g甘油,在水浴锅中80 ℃机械搅拌4 h。待自然降温后得到低温储能材料,该材料相变温度为15 ℃,相变潜热为95 J/g。之后,将低温储能材料与高岭土-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚乙基纤维素(高岭土的质量分数为5%)按质量比为3:1加入自来水中,室温下机械搅拌7 h,得到高分子防蒸发控温材料。
将上述高分子防蒸发控温材料加入到由当地土、沙和牛粪组成的混合物中(沙:土:牛粪=70:1:1,高分子防蒸发控温材料为混合物质量的1.7%),混合均匀后,装入80 cm•100 cm麻袋。麻袋中的土、沙、牛粪混合物中加入高分子防蒸发控温材料后,持水率提高35%,麻袋内部温度比附近沙中温度平均高9~11℃,并且在环境温度为-3~5 ℃时,经过10天麻袋内温度仍能维持在6℃左右。
实施例3
分别称取5 g聚乙二醇、15 木糖醇,在水浴锅中80 ℃机械搅拌4 h。待自然降温后得到低温储能材料,该材料相变温度为17 ℃,相变潜热为99 J/g。之后,将低温储能材料与高岭土-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚低取代羟丙基纤维素(高岭土的质量分数为7%)按质量比为3:1加入自来水中,室温下机械搅拌6 h,得到高分子防蒸发控温材料。
将上述高分子防蒸发控温材料加入到由当地土、沙和牛粪组成的混合物中(沙:土:牛粪=70:1:1,高分子防蒸发控温材料为混合物质量的1.7%),混合均匀后,装入80 cm•100 cm麻袋。麻袋中的土、沙、牛粪混合物中加入高分子防蒸发控温材料后,持水率提高40%,麻袋内部温度比附近沙中温度平均高10~12℃,并且在环境温度为-3~5 ℃时,经过10天麻袋内温度仍能维持在8 ℃左右。
实施例4
分别称取5 g蜂蜡、15 g正辛酸,在水浴锅中80 ℃机械搅拌4 h。待自然降温后得到低温储能材料,该材料相变温度为19 ℃,相变潜热为112 J/g。之后,将低温储能材料与高岭土-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚文莱胶(高岭土的质量分数为9%)按质量比为3:1加入自来水中,室温下机械搅拌7 h,得到高分子防蒸发控温材料。
将上述高分子防蒸发控温材料加入到由当地土、沙和牛粪组成的混合物中(沙:土:牛粪=70:1:1,高分子防蒸发控温材料为混合物质量的1.7%),混合均匀后,装入80 cm•100 cm麻袋。麻袋中的土、沙、牛粪混合物中加入高分子防蒸发控温材料后,持水率提高45%,麻袋内部温度比附近沙中温度平均高10~13℃,并且在环境温度为-3~5 ℃时,经过10天麻袋内温度仍能维持在9 ℃左右。
实施例5
分别称取5 g棕榈酸、15 g乳酸,在水浴锅中80 ℃机械搅拌4 h。待自然降温后得到低温储能材料,该材料相变温度为18 ℃,相变潜热为125 J/g。之后,将低温储能材料与高岭土-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚阿拉伯胶(高岭土的质量分数为10%)按质量比为8:1加入自来水中,室温下机械搅拌6 h,得到高分子防蒸发控温材料。
将上述高分子防蒸发控温材料加入到由当地土、沙和牛粪组成的混合物中(沙:土:牛粪=70:1:1,高分子防蒸发控温材料为混合物质量的1.7%),混合均匀后,装入80 cm•100 cm麻袋。麻袋中的土、沙、牛粪混合物中加入高分子防蒸发控温材料后,持水率提高48%,麻袋内部温度比附近沙中温度平均高10~12℃,并且在环境温度为-3~5 ℃时,经过10天麻袋内温度仍能维持在9 ℃左右。
Claims (5)
1.一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备方法,是将高温有机相变储能材料和低温有机相变储能材料以1:1~1:5的质量比于50~90 ℃下复合1~7 h,冷却后得到低温储能材料;将低温储能材料与高岭土-高分子防蒸发材料以3:1~10:1的质量比加入自来水中,于室温下充分搅拌混合均匀,即得高分子防蒸发控温材料;所述高岭土-高分子防蒸发材料是由高分子防蒸发材料与高岭土复配得到,其中高岭土的质量分数为3%~10%;所述高分子防蒸发材料为丙烯酰胺接枝共聚乙基纤维素、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚阿拉伯树胶、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚低取代羟丙基纤维素、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚文莱胶、丙烯酰胺接枝共聚魔芋胶中的至少一种。
2.如权利要求1所述一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高温有机相变储能材料为蜂蜡、木糖醇、棕榈酸、聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述低温有机相变储能材料为甘油、乳酸、乙二醇、木糖醇、正辛酸中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1所述方法制备的高分子防蒸发控温材料用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长,其特征在于:将高分子防蒸发控温材料加入沙、土、粪混合物中混合均匀并装入麻袋中,即可用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长。
5.如权利要求4所述高分子防蒸发控温材料用于寒旱地区植物的种植与生长,其特征在于:所述高分子防蒸发控温材料的加入量为沙、土、粪混合物质量的1.5~2%。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110089945.5A CN112646381A (zh) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | 一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备及应用 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110089945.5A CN112646381A (zh) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | 一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备及应用 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112646381A true CN112646381A (zh) | 2021-04-13 |
Family
ID=75371105
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110089945.5A Pending CN112646381A (zh) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | 一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备及应用 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112646381A (zh) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001035511A2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-17 | Baxter International Inc. | Thermal energy storage materials |
CN104497988A (zh) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-08 | 兰州理工大学 | 高岭土相变复合储能材料及其制备方法 |
CN106010551A (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 西北师范大学 | 一种黏土基热相变多功能固沙材料的制备方法 |
CN110591722A (zh) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-20 | 西北师范大学 | 一种具有防止土壤表皮收缩减少水分蒸发功能的高吸水性复合树脂的制备方法 |
WO2020193772A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | W.A.D. Global B.V. | Soil conditioning composition and soil conditioning method |
CN112075156A (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 西北师范大学 | 一种用于风蚀坑牧草种植的保水调温材料的制备及应用 |
-
2021
- 2021-01-22 CN CN202110089945.5A patent/CN112646381A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001035511A2 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-17 | Baxter International Inc. | Thermal energy storage materials |
CN104497988A (zh) * | 2015-01-12 | 2015-04-08 | 兰州理工大学 | 高岭土相变复合储能材料及其制备方法 |
CN106010551A (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2016-10-12 | 西北师范大学 | 一种黏土基热相变多功能固沙材料的制备方法 |
WO2020193772A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | W.A.D. Global B.V. | Soil conditioning composition and soil conditioning method |
CN110591722A (zh) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-20 | 西北师范大学 | 一种具有防止土壤表皮收缩减少水分蒸发功能的高吸水性复合树脂的制备方法 |
CN112075156A (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-15 | 西北师范大学 | 一种用于风蚀坑牧草种植的保水调温材料的制备及应用 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
吴其胜: "《新能源材料 第2版》", 31 July 2017, 华东理工大学出版社 * |
饶中浩: "《相变储能实验与分析》", 31 August 2018, 矿业大学出版社 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN107556110B (zh) | 一种保水基质及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN107568025B (zh) | 一种富养保水基质及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN102702445B (zh) | 利用水生植物接枝共聚制备农林保水剂的方法 | |
Kumar et al. | Hydrogel and its effect on soil moisture status and plant growth: A review | |
CN108848754A (zh) | 一种治理沙漠植被恢复材料及制备方法 | |
CN108285399B (zh) | 用于高海拔地区风积沙地的固沙培植基质及其使用方法 | |
CN112825643A (zh) | 一种基于沼气工程的离子型稀土尾矿治理的方法 | |
CN101891522A (zh) | 一种新型蔬菜育苗复合基质及其制备方法 | |
Shang et al. | A novel slow-release fertilizer derived from itaconic acid–modified biochar: synthesis, characteristics, and applications in cucumber seedlings | |
CN106479508A (zh) | 一种用于次生盐碱地土壤的撒施型改良剂及其制备方法 | |
Ghazali et al. | Properties of controlled-release-water-retention fertilizer coated with carbonaceous-g-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) superabsorbent polymer | |
CN112646381A (zh) | 一种高分子防蒸发控温材料的制备及应用 | |
CN110352679B (zh) | 防止土壤板结的化肥施料方法 | |
CN111233581A (zh) | 一种提高植烟土壤保水性能的烟草专用肥料 | |
CN104276902A (zh) | 一种轻质绿化基质及其制备方法 | |
CN102220134A (zh) | 一种以沼气发酵残余物制备的保水混剂土及其方法 | |
CN105482048A (zh) | 一种超高腐植酸含量的接枝型农林用保水剂及其制备方法 | |
CN112075156B (zh) | 一种用于风蚀坑牧草种植的保水调温材料的制备及应用 | |
CN1318284A (zh) | 在沙漠或/和旱地上栽种植物的方法 | |
CN108640778A (zh) | 一种保水抗盐碱型酸性土壤调理剂及其制备方法 | |
CN108949189B (zh) | 一种农业土壤水分阻滞剂及制备方法 | |
CN112919979A (zh) | 一种低成本高效控失、缓释双控包膜肥料及其制备方法 | |
CN110144227A (zh) | 一种用于土壤保墒的土基糊化淀粉复合保水材料的制备方法 | |
CN112889625A (zh) | 纤维素和/或纤维素衍生物在保水固沙中的应用、组合物、沙漠种植用土、制备方法和应用 | |
CN110878212A (zh) | 一种可降解型沙漠固沙剂 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210413 |