CN112645692B - Perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as main raw material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as main raw material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using low-grade nonmetallic associated ores as main raw materials and a preparation method thereof. The perforated sound-absorbing ceramic has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 35.7 to 39.1 percent; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.36 to 0.55 at 200 to 1600 Hz. The invention not only overcomes the defects of high added value of high-grade minerals, poor safety, high price and the like of the traditional sound-absorbing material, but also effectively improves the efficient utilization of low-grade natural resources and reduces the environmental pollution and the potential safety hazard. The invention provides a reliable preparation process for preparing the sound-absorbing ceramic material with the through holes (three-dimensional through pore canals), and the prepared sound-absorbing ceramic with the through holes has great potential in the practical application of the environment-friendly sound-absorbing material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sound-absorbing materials, in particular to perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade non-metal associated ore as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous progress of society, high-efficiency sound equipment, fast high-speed rails, high-speed automobiles and the like bring great convenience to the life of people, but the accompanying problem is increasingly prominent noise pollution. How to effectively control the noise source and reduce the noise becomes an important way to solve the noise pollution. The method has great limitation on controlling the noise source to a certain extent; in reducing noise, the use of high efficiency sound absorbing materials can often be done with half the effort.
Most of the traditional sound-absorbing materials are concentrated on inorganic fibers, organic foams and metal-based porous materials, however, the poor mechanical properties of the inorganic fiber materials, the flammability of the organic foams, the high cost of the metal-based materials and the like are not the best choices of the safest and most efficient sound-absorbing materials. At present, the foamed ceramic material prepared by sintering inorganic mineral can overcome the defects and is gradually favored by people. However, most of the channels of the foamed ceramics prepared from inorganic minerals are closed, sound hardly enters the internal channel friction loss of the material, and most of the sound is directly reflected back, so that noise reduction is not facilitated. Therefore, the preparation of sound-absorbing ceramic materials with perforations (three-dimensional through-channels) is a trend of development of sound-absorbing materials made of inorganic minerals.
Starting from the raw materials for preparing the perforated inorganic mineral sound-absorbing material, the high-grade inorganic mineral often brings increased price, which is not beneficial to the development of the industry. The low-grade nonmetal tuff and magma associated ore in the process of mining the high-grade inorganic mineral are abandoned and stacked due to low grade and complex components, thereby causing serious waste of resources, environmental pollution and potential safety hazard. Therefore, the development and utilization of low-grade associated ores for preparing perforated inorganic mineral sound-absorbing materials will be a new revolution in the development of efficient utilization of inorganic nonmetallic mineral materials.
In the process of preparing the perforated inorganic mineral sound-absorbing material by sintering, the foaming of a ceramic body just between a solid state and a viscous state is difficult to control by the traditional equipment and processes such as an electric furnace, a heating kiln and the like mainly due to the complex components of raw materials and the existence of temperature gradient. At present, the sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by sintering a microwave material science workstation applying the interaction between a material to be heated and microwaves has unique advantages, not only is the energy-saving and efficient aspect reflected, but also the effects on instant temperature rise and rapid forming are obvious. The porous inorganic mineral sound-absorbing material has great potential in the aspect of preparing the porous inorganic mineral sound-absorbing material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of high added value of high-grade minerals, poor safety, high price and the like of traditional sound-absorbing materials in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing perforated sound-absorbing ceramic by using low-grade nonmetallic tuff and magma associated ore as main raw materials and adopting a microwave material science workstation, and the application of the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore to the perforated inorganic mineral sound-absorbing material is realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps:
a perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade non-metallic associated ore as a main raw material comprises the following main raw materials: tuff, rock slurry soil, sodium bicarbonate, glass powder, silicon carbide and carbon powder;
the tuff and magma raw materials are taken from an ascending mine area in Xinyang city and are ball-milled to be below 200 meshes; the mass ratio of tuff to rock pulp soil is 2 to 3;
the glass powder, the silicon carbide and the carbon powder are in industrial grade, and the particle size is in nanometer grade;
the mass of the glass powder is 5 to 8 percent of the total mass of tuff and magma soil;
the mass ratio of the silicon carbide to the carbon powder is 2 to 3-4; the total mass of the material is 2 to 4 percent of the total mass of tuff and magma soil;
a preparation method of perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade non-metallic associated ore as a main raw material comprises the following steps:
1) Respectively weighing tuff, rock slurry soil, glass powder, silicon carbide and carbon powder according to a set mass ratio, uniformly mixing, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating;
2) Pouring the wet granules obtained in the step 1) into a square grinding tool of 16 x 16cm, and maintaining the pressure at 15-20Mpa for 10min to form a green body;
3) Drying the green body obtained in the step 2) in a drying box at 105 ℃ for 12 to 18h, transferring the green body into a furnace chamber of a microwave material science workstation, and preparing a ceramic sample according to a set sintering heat preservation system; testing the sample by a modern analytical testing technology to obtain the apparent porosity and the average sound absorption coefficient of the sample under 200-1600Hz;
the ceramic sintering heat preservation system in the step 3) is as follows: the time from room temperature to sintering temperature is 6 to 8 minutes, the sintering temperature is 1160 to 1200 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 1 to 2 hours;
before testing the performance of the ceramic sample prepared in the step 3), cutting and peeling the ceramic sample through an upper plane and a lower plane, and cutting the ceramic sample into discs with the diameters of 99mm and 20mm by using a circular cutting machine respectively;
the apparent porosity principle tested in the step 3) is an Archimedes drainage method, and the result is 35.7% -39.1%; the test result of an instrument used for measuring the average sound absorption coefficient under 200 to 1600Hz is 0.36 to 0.55.
Has the positive and beneficial effects that: the invention adopts low-grade tuff and rock slurry soil as main raw materials, and the perforated sound-absorbing ceramic with high strength, good stability and excellent sound-absorbing performance is prepared by the processes of activation, granulation, blank making, sintering in a microwave material science workstation and the like. The invention not only overcomes the defects of high added value of high-grade minerals, poor safety, high price and the like of the traditional sound-absorbing material, but also effectively improves the efficient utilization of low-grade natural resources and reduces the environmental pollution and the potential safety hazard. The invention provides a reliable preparation process for preparing the sound-absorbing ceramic material with the through holes (three-dimensional through holes), and the prepared sound-absorbing ceramic with the through holes has great potential in the practical application of the environment-friendly sound-absorbing material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cut view of a perforated sound-absorbing ceramic according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples in which the following symbols are given:
a perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade non-metallic associated ore as a main raw material comprises the following main raw materials: tuff, rock slurry soil, sodium bicarbonate, glass powder, silicon carbide and carbon powder;
the tuff and magma raw materials are taken from an elevator mine area in Xinyang city and are ball-milled to be below 200 meshes; the mass ratio of tuff to rock slurry soil is 2 to 3;
the glass powder, the silicon carbide and the carbon powder are in industrial grade, and the particle size is in nanometer grade;
the mass of the glass powder is 5 to 8 percent of the total mass of tuff and magma soil;
the mass ratio of the silicon carbide to the carbon powder is 2 to 3-4; the total mass of the material is 2 to 4 percent of the total mass of tuff and magma soil;
a preparation method of perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade non-metallic associated ore as a main raw material comprises the following steps:
1) Respectively weighing tuff, rock slurry soil, glass powder, silicon carbide and carbon powder according to set mass, uniformly mixing, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating;
2) Pouring the wet granules obtained in the step 1) into a square grinding tool of 16 x 16cm, and maintaining the pressure at 15-20Mpa for 10min to form a green body;
3) Drying the green body obtained in the step 2) in a drying box at 105 ℃ for 12 to 18h, transferring the green body into a furnace chamber of a microwave material science workstation, and preparing a ceramic sample according to a set sintering heat preservation system; testing the sample by a modern analytical testing technology to obtain the apparent porosity and the average sound absorption coefficient of the sample under 200-1600Hz;
the ceramic sintering heat preservation system in the step 3) is as follows: the time from room temperature to sintering temperature is 8 minutes, the sintering temperature is 1160 to 1200 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 1 to 2 hours;
before testing the performance of the ceramic sample prepared in the step 3), the ceramic sample needs to be peeled by cutting through an upper plane and a lower plane, and is respectively cut into discs with the diameters of 99mm and 20mm and the thickness of 30mm by using a circular cutting machine;
the apparent porosity principle tested in the step 3) is Archimedes drainage method, and the result is 35.7 to 39.1%; the test result is 0.36 to 0.55 when the instrument used for measuring the average sound absorption coefficient under the conditions of 200 to 1600Hz is a transfer function sound absorption coefficient measuring system.
Example 1
A perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as a main raw material: uniformly mixing 1900g of tuff, 700g of magma soil, 208g of glass powder, 30g of silicon carbide and 48g of carbon powder, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating; maintaining the pressure of the granules at 15Mpa for 10min to obtain green body; drying the green body in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 14h, then moving the green body into a furnace cavity of a microwave material science workstation, setting the sintering temperature to 1190 ℃ and the heat preservation time to 2h; the sintered ceramic samples were cut into discs of specified dimensions and then tested for their relevant properties by modern analytical testing techniques.
The finally obtained perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade non-metal associated ore as a main raw material has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 36.2%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.39 under 200 to 1600Hz.
Example 2
A perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as a main raw material: uniformly mixing 2100g of tuff, 700g of magma soil, 224g of glass powder, 42g of silicon carbide and 70g of carbon powder, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating; maintaining the pressure of the granules at 18Mpa for 10min to obtain green body; drying the green body in a drying box at 105 ℃ for 18 hours, then moving the green body into a furnace cavity of a microwave material science workstation, setting the sintering temperature to 1190 ℃ and the heat preservation time to 1 hour; the ceramic samples obtained from sintering were cut into discs of a specific size and then tested for their relevant properties by modern analytical testing techniques.
The finally obtained perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material has the following properties: the apparent porosity was 39.1%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.55 under 200 to 1600 Hz.
Example 3
A perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as a main raw material: uniformly mixing 2000g of tuff, 700g of magma soil, 203g of glass powder, 32g of silicon carbide and 63g of carbon powder, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating; maintaining the pressure of the granules at 17Mpa for 10min to obtain green body; drying the green body in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 18h, then moving the green body into a furnace cavity of a microwave material science workstation, setting the sintering temperature to 1180 ℃ and the heat preservation time to 1.5h; the sintered ceramic samples were cut into discs of specified dimensions and then tested for their relevant properties by modern analytical testing techniques.
The finally obtained perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 36.6%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.40 under 200 to 1600Hz.
Example 4
A perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as a main raw material: 1400g of tuff, 700g of magma soil, 125g of glass powder, 35g of silicon carbide and 49g of carbon powder are uniformly mixed, and then sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% is sprayed for activation, uniform mixing and granulation; maintaining the pressure of the granules at 20Mpa for 10min to obtain green body; drying the green body in a drying oven at 105 ℃ for 14h, then moving the green body into a furnace cavity of a microwave material science workstation, setting the sintering temperature to 1180 ℃ and the heat preservation time to 1.5h; the ceramic samples obtained from sintering were cut into discs of a specific size and then tested for their relevant properties by modern analytical testing techniques.
The finally obtained perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 37.0%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.46 under 200 to 1600Hz.
Example 5
A perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using low-grade non-metallic associated ore as a main raw material comprises the following components: uniformly mixing 1800g of tuff, 700g of magma soil, 150g of glass powder, 40g of silicon carbide and 60g of carbon powder, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating; maintaining the pressure of the granules at 16Mpa for 10min to obtain green body; drying the green body in a drying box at 105 ℃ for 16h, then moving the green body into a furnace cavity of a microwave material science workstation, setting the sintering temperature to 1160 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2h; the sintered ceramic samples were cut into discs of specified dimensions and then tested for their relevant properties by modern analytical testing techniques.
The finally obtained perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 38.6%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.51 under 200 to 1600Hz.
Example 6
A perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as a main raw material: uniformly mixing 1600g of tuff, 700g of magma soil, 115g of glass powder, 18g of silicon carbide and 28g of carbon powder, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating; maintaining the pressure of the granules at 18Mpa for 10min to obtain green body; drying the green body in a drying box at 105 ℃ for 12 hours, then moving the green body into a furnace cavity of a microwave material science workstation, setting the sintering temperature to be 1200 ℃ and the heat preservation time to be 1.5 hours; the ceramic samples obtained from sintering were cut into discs of a specific size and then tested for their relevant properties by modern analytical testing techniques.
The finally obtained perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material has the following properties: the apparent porosity is 35.7%; the average sound absorption coefficient is 0.36 under 200 to 1600Hz.
The invention adopts low-grade tuff and rock slurry soil as main raw materials, and the perforated sound-absorbing ceramic with high strength, good stability and excellent sound-absorbing performance is prepared by the processes of activation, granulation, blank making, sintering in a microwave material science workstation and the like. The invention not only overcomes the defects of high added value of high-grade minerals, poor safety, high price and the like of the traditional sound-absorbing material, but also effectively improves the efficient utilization of low-grade natural resources and reduces the environmental pollution and the potential safety hazard. The invention provides a reliable preparation process for preparing the sound-absorbing ceramic material with the through holes (three-dimensional through holes), and the prepared sound-absorbing ceramic with the through holes has great potential in the practical application of the environment-friendly sound-absorbing material.
The above examples are only for illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art should be covered within the technical scope of the present invention claimed.
Claims (7)
1. A perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as a main raw material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials: tuff, rock slurry soil, sodium bicarbonate, glass powder, silicon carbide and carbon powder;
the preparation method of the perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by taking the low-grade non-metallic associated ore as the main raw material comprises the following steps:
1) Respectively weighing tuff, rock slurry soil, glass powder, silicon carbide and carbon powder according to set mass, uniformly mixing, spraying a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 5% for activation, uniformly mixing and granulating;
2) Pouring the wet granules obtained in the step 1) into a square grinding tool of 16 x 16cm, and keeping the pressure for 10min under the pressure of 15-20MPa to form a green body;
3) Drying the green body obtained in the step 2) in a drying box at 105 ℃ for 12 to 18h, transferring the green body into a furnace chamber of a microwave material science workstation, and preparing a ceramic sample according to a set sintering heat preservation system; testing a sample by a modern analytical testing technology to obtain apparent porosity and an average sound absorption coefficient of the sample under 200 to 1600Hz;
the apparent porosity principle tested in the step 3) is an Archimedes drainage method, and the result is 35.7% -39.1%; the test result of an instrument used for measuring the average sound absorption coefficient under 200 to 1600Hz is 0.36 to 0.55.
2. The perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the used raw materials of tuff and magma are taken from the mine area of the skyline in Xinyang city and are ball-milled to be below 200 meshes; the mass ratio of tuff to rock-slurry soil is 2 to 3.
3. The perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials of the glass powder, the silicon carbide and the carbon powder are in industrial grade, and the particle size is in nano grade.
4. The perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared from low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as a main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass of the used raw material glass powder is 5 to 8 percent of the total mass of tuff and magma soil.
5. The perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the used raw materials of silicon carbide and carbon powder is 2 to 3-4; the total mass of the material is 2 to 4 percent of the total mass of tuff and magma soil.
6. The perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ceramic sintering heat preservation system in the step 3) is as follows: the time from room temperature to sintering temperature is 8 minutes, the sintering temperature is 1160 to 1200 ℃, and the sintering heat preservation time is 1 to 2 hours.
7. The perforated sound-absorbing ceramic prepared by using the low-grade nonmetallic associated ore as the main raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: before testing the performance of the ceramic sample prepared in the step 3), the ceramic sample needs to be cut and peeled by an upper plane and a lower plane, and is respectively cut into discs with the diameters of 99mm and 20mm and the thickness of 30mm by a circular cutting machine.
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