CN110669975A - High-strength ceramic material - Google Patents
High-strength ceramic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110669975A CN110669975A CN201911048959.1A CN201911048959A CN110669975A CN 110669975 A CN110669975 A CN 110669975A CN 201911048959 A CN201911048959 A CN 201911048959A CN 110669975 A CN110669975 A CN 110669975A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/005—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides comprising a particular metallic binder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1039—Sintering only by reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength ceramic material, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic materials. According to the invention, the nano zinc component is deposited on the surfaces of organic and inorganic fillers, and is used as an intermediate of a vitrified network under the action of high temperature, the organic and inorganic components are stably combined, the mechanical strength and toughness are improved, the metal co-permeation action and the dispersion and deposition action of SiC nano particles are carried out through foamed nickel, the energy absorption effect and mechanical strength of the ceramic material are improved, and the quantity of nano SiC particles deposited in a coating is increased, the roughness of the surface is gradually reduced, the pore size and diameter of the coating are gradually reduced, so that the external impact force can be well absorbed, and the toughness and strength of the ceramic material are stably improved. The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems that the toughness and the strength of the existing commonly used ceramic material are not good and the ceramic material is easy to break.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength ceramic material.
Background
The ceramic material is an inorganic non-metallic material prepared by forming and high-temperature sintering natural or synthetic compounds. It has the advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, oxidation resistance, etc. The ceramic can be used as a structural material and a cutter material, and can also be used as a functional material because the ceramic also has certain special properties.
The ceramic is a material and various products prepared by crushing, mixing, molding and calcining clay serving as a main raw material and various natural minerals. The object which is made of pottery clay and is fired at high temperature in a special kiln is called as ceramic, and the ceramic is a general name of pottery and porcelain. The traditional concept of ceramics refers to all artificial industrial products which take inorganic nonmetallic minerals such as clay and the like as raw materials. The main production areas of the ceramics are Jingdezhen, Gao' an, Fengcheng, Nuanxiang, Foshan, Chaozhou, Dehua, Lingling, Zibo and the like. Common ceramic materials are clay, alumina, kaolin, and the like. Ceramic materials generally have a high hardness but a poor plasticity. Besides being used for tableware and decoration, ceramics play an important role in the development of science and technology. The ceramic raw material is extracted from a large amount of clay which is the original resource of the earth. The clay has toughness, can be plasticized when meeting water at normal temperature, can be slightly dried for carving, and can be completely dried for grinding; the pottery can be made into pottery and can be filled with water when the pottery is burnt to 700 ℃; when the ceramic material is burnt to 1230 ℃, the ceramic material is vitrified, almost does not absorb water, and is high-temperature resistant and corrosion resistant. The flexibility of its usage has various creative applications in today's cultural science and technology. A pottery is invented.
The ceramic materials are mostly oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, and the like. It includes various products made up by using clay or clay-containing mixture through the processes of mixing, forming and calcining. Ranging from the coarsest earthenware to the finest fine ceramics and porcelain. The main raw material of the ceramic is silicate mineral (such as clay, quartz and the like) in nature, so the ceramic and the ceramic belong to the category of silicate industry with industries such as glass, cement, enamel, refractory materials and the like. With the development of modern ceramic technology, the unique properties of inorganic ceramics enable the inorganic ceramics to be applied in more and more fields, such as inorganic ceramic membranes, inorganic ceramic fibers and the like, but the existing inorganic ceramic preparation technology is too complicated, has high technological requirements, and is not beneficial to large-scale production.
Ceramic materials include oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, and the like, according to compositional classifications. Ceramic materials are classified by function to include structural ceramic materials, functional ceramic materials, and the like. As structural ceramic materials, they are used to manufacture structural components and parts, mainly for their mechanical properties. Strength, toughness, hardness, modulus, wear resistance, high temperature resistance (high temperature strength, thermal shock resistance, ablation resistance) and the like. The functional ceramics are used as functional materials for manufacturing functional devices, and mainly use physical properties such as electromagnetic properties, thermal properties, optical properties, biological properties and the like. Ferroelectric ceramics are mainly used for manufacturing electromagnetic components by using their electromagnetic properties, dielectric ceramics are used for manufacturing capacitors, and piezoelectric ceramics are used for manufacturing displacement or pressure sensors. The solid electrolyte ceramic can be used for manufacturing an oxygen detector by utilizing the ion transmission characteristic. Bioceramics are used to make artificial bones and artificial teeth, etc.
In the use of the above ceramic material, the high temperature resistance and the compressive strength of the ceramic are of great importance, and the heat resistance and the compressive strength of the ceramic material need to be studied. The existing ceramics have the following problems: such as poor toughness, too great brittleness, low strength, low heat resistance, etc., and the processing method has high cost and low product benefit.
Therefore, it is necessary to research a ceramic material having good wear resistance, high hardness, good toughness, and excellent vibration resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems that the toughness and the strength of the existing commonly used ceramic material are not good and the ceramic material is easy to break, the high-strength ceramic material is provided.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-strength ceramic material comprises 1 ~ 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 ~ 5 parts of plantain starch, 3 ~ 7 parts of a dispersing agent, 6 ~ 10 parts of a binder, 30 ~ 50 parts of a composite ceramic base material and 20 ~ 30 parts of a composite alloy material.
The preparation method of the composite ceramic base material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring zinc acetate and ethanol solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 12 ~ 25 at 55 ~ 70 ℃, adjusting the pH value to obtain mixed liquid, taking 40 ~ 55 parts of zirconium dioxide, 1 ~ 3 parts of organic filler, 1 ~ 2 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 ~ 36 parts of silicon dioxide, 6 ~ 9 parts of boron oxide and 50 ~ 70 parts of mixed liquid according to the parts by weight, firstly taking the zirconium dioxide, the organic filler, the aluminum oxide, the silicon dioxide and the boron oxide, mixing and grinding to obtain a grinding material, taking the grinding material, adding the grinding material into the mixed liquid, mixing and shaking at 55 ~ 70 ℃, filtering, and collecting a filter cake;
(2) taking a filter cake, preserving heat at 120 ~ 150 ℃, heating to 1200 ~ 1500 ℃, preserving heat at 1500 ℃ to obtain glass liquid, taking the glass liquid, quenching in water to obtain a base material, taking the base material, adding the base material into the impregnation liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 ~ 8, mixing, soaking at room temperature, filtering, taking the filter cake, adding auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 10 ~ 14: 3, mixing and ball milling to obtain ball grinding materials, taking the ball grinding materials, mixing and kneading under high pressure to obtain a composite precursor, taking the composite precursor, preserving heat at 400 ~ 550 ℃, cooling, and obtaining the composite ceramic base material.
And (2) mixing the polylactic acid and the bamboo charcoal fiber according to the mass ratio of 4 ~ 8: 3 to obtain the organic filler in the step (1).
And (3) mixing the impregnation liquid obtained in the step (2) with urea and sodium bicarbonate solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 6 ~ 10 to obtain the impregnation liquid.
And (3) mixing the auxiliary materials in the step (2) by taking castor oil and polyethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 3 ~ 6: 1 to obtain the auxiliary materials.
The preparation method of the composite alloy material comprises the steps of cutting foamed nickel into small blocks to obtain the small foamed nickel blocks, adding an co-permeation agent into the small foamed nickel blocks according to the mass ratio of 5 ~ 8: 1, uniformly mixing, standing, sealing, preheating at 300 ~ 350 ℃, exhausting, heating to 1000 ~ 1200 ℃, performing heat preservation sintering, cooling to obtain a sintering material, adding an ethanol solution into the sintering material according to the mass ratio of 1: 6 ~ 10, performing ultrasonic treatment, discharging, filtering, drying a filter cake, performing high-temperature solid-phase diffusion treatment at 1100 ~ 1300 ℃ to 1300 ℃, cooling to obtain a composite sintering treatment material, adding an electroplating solution with the mass being 10 ~ 15 times that of the composite sintering treatment material into the composite sintering treatment material, mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment, discharging, filtering, and collecting the filter cake to obtain the composite alloy material.
The electroplating solution is prepared by mixing, by weight, 15 ~ 25 parts of silicon carbide, 30 ~ 50 parts of sodium sulfate, 12 ~ 20 parts of sodium chloride, 30 ~ 45 parts of boric acid, 1 ~ 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3 ~ 7 parts of saccharin sodium, 0.2 ~ 0.5.5 parts of OP-10 and 800 ~ 1000 parts of water.
And the co-permeation agent is prepared by mixing alumina, ammonium chloride, chromium nitrate and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 10 ~ 15: 3 ~ 7: 20: 1.
And the dispersant is prepared by mixing cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium laureth sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 ~ 5.
The adhesive is prepared by mixing paraffin, magnesium stearate and polyacrylamide according to the mass ratio of 2 ~ 5: 1: 1 ~ 3.
Compared with other methods, the method has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) the invention takes zinc acetate as raw material, nano zinc oxide components with high orientation vertical growth are grown on the surface of ground organic and inorganic filler mixed materials under the action of a hydrothermal method, so that a large amount of zinc oxide crystal nuclei are attached to the surface of the filler to form a zinc oxide crystal seed layer, in the growth stage of nano zinc, the zinc oxide crystal seeds on the surface of the filler provide nucleation centers, Zn in growth liquid is induced to grow in preferred orientation on the surface of the zinc oxide crystal seeds, a vertical, uniform and compact zinc oxide nano rod is formed along with the increase of reaction time, the zinc oxide nano rod can be used as a vitrification network intermediate in the subsequent treatment process of converting into glass liquid at high temperature, and can participate in a system network, wherein Zn has two coordination states, namely a zinc-oxygen tetrahedron participating in network construction and a zinc-oxygen octahedron serving as a network outer body, and enters into the vitrification network in the form of the zinc-oxygen tetrahedron to, The stability is increased, so that the gaps in the glass network of the glass are increased, the urea added in the impregnation liquid can coordinate with metal ions, and the sodium bicarbonate can play a role of a pore-forming agent at high temperature, so that the porosity is improved to a certain extent, the polylactic acid and the bamboo charcoal fiber can be better dispersed, the integral toughness is enhanced, the interaction effect among the components is improved, and the toughness and the mechanical strength of the prepared ceramic material are ensured;
(2) the method comprises the steps of cutting foamed nickel into small pieces, sealing, blending and permeating with chromium, iron and aluminum metals, preheating and exhausting to improve interaction effect, performing ultrasonic treatment with an ethanol solution to prevent oxidation, performing drying and high-temperature solid phase diffusion treatment to obtain a co-permeation alloy, depositing a Ni-SiC layer on the surface of the co-permeation alloy through ultrasonic electrodeposition to improve surface strength and improve friction loss performance, gradually refining crystal grains on the surface of a nano coating under the ultrasonic action, and enabling SiC nano particles in a plating solution to be dispersed and directionally deposited by proper ultrasonic field strength to increase the number of the nano SiC particles deposited in the coating, gradually reduce the roughness of the surface, gradually reduce the pore size and diameter of the coating, well absorb external impact force and stably improve the toughness and strength of the ceramic material;
(3) the nano zinc component is deposited on the surfaces of the organic and inorganic fillers, the nano zinc component is used as an intermediate of a vitrified network under the action of high temperature, the organic and inorganic components are stably combined, the mechanical strength and toughness are improved, the metal co-permeation action and the dispersion and deposition action of SiC nano particles are carried out through the foamed nickel, the energy absorption effect and the mechanical strength of the ceramic material are improved, and the nano zinc-based energy-absorbing ceramic material is remarkable in improvement effect and has a good application prospect aiming at the problems that the toughness and the strength of the conventional common ceramic material are poor and the ceramic material is easy to break.
Detailed Description
And (3) mixing the polylactic acid and the bamboo charcoal fiber according to the mass ratio of 4 ~ 8: 3 to obtain the organic filler.
And (3) mixing the impregnation liquid with urea and a sodium bicarbonate solution with the mass fraction of 15% according to the mass ratio of 1: 6 ~ 10 to obtain the impregnation liquid.
And (3) mixing the auxiliary materials, namely mixing the castor oil and the polyethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 3 ~ 6: 1 to obtain the auxiliary materials.
The electroplating solution is prepared by mixing, by weight, 15 ~ 25 parts of silicon carbide, 30 ~ 50 parts of sodium sulfate, 12 ~ 20 parts of sodium chloride, 30 ~ 45 parts of boric acid, 1 ~ 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3 ~ 7 parts of saccharin sodium, 0.2 ~ 0.5.5 parts of OP-10 and 800 ~ 1000 parts of water.
And (3) mixing the co-permeation agent with aluminum oxide, ammonium chloride, chromium nitrate and iron powder according to the mass ratio of 10 ~ 15: 3 ~ 7: 20: 1 to obtain the co-permeation agent.
And (3) mixing cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium laureth sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1: 2 ~ 5 to obtain the dispersing agent.
And (3) mixing the paraffin, the magnesium stearate and the polyacrylamide according to the mass ratio of 2 ~ 5: 1: 1 ~ 3 to obtain the binder.
The preparation method of the composite ceramic base material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring zinc acetate and 70% ethanol solution at 55 ~ 70 ℃ for 30 ~ 050min according to a mass ratio of 1: 12 ~ 25, adjusting the pH to 7.8 ~ 18.3.3 by using 2mol/L NaOH solution to obtain mixed liquid, mixing 40 ~ 255 parts of zirconium dioxide, 1 ~ 33 parts of organic filler, 1 ~ 2 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 ~ 36 parts of silicon dioxide, 6 ~ 9 parts of boron oxide and 50 ~ 70 parts of mixed liquid according to parts by weight, firstly mixing zirconium dioxide, organic filler, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and boron oxide in a mortar, grinding for 1 ~ 3h to obtain grinding material, mixing the grinding material with the mixed liquid at 55 ~ 70 ℃, shaking for 2 ~ 4h at 200 ~ 250r/min, filtering, and collecting filter cakes;
(2) taking a filter cake, preserving heat for 10 ~ 15min at 120 ~ 150 ℃, heating to 1200 ~ 01500 ℃, preserving heat for 3 ~ 15h to obtain molten glass, taking the molten glass, quenching in water to obtain a base material, taking the base material, adding an impregnating solution into the base material according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 ~ 8, mixing, impregnating at room temperature for 8 ~ 12h, filtering, taking the filter cake according to the mass ratio of 10 ~ 14: 3, adding auxiliary materials, mixing and ball milling for 2 ~ 4h to obtain a ball milling material, taking the ball milling material, kneading for 12 ~ 20min at the pressure of 5.2 ~ 7.3.3 MPa to obtain a composite precursor, taking the composite precursor, preserving heat for 1 ~ 3h at 400 ~ 550 ℃ in a muffle furnace, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the composite ceramic base material.
The preparation of the composite alloy material comprises the steps of cutting foamed nickel into 10mm multiplied by 10mm to obtain small foamed nickel blocks, adding a co-permeation agent into the small foamed nickel blocks according to the mass ratio of 5 ~: 1, uniformly mixing, standing, sealing for 30 ~ min, moving to a sintering furnace, preheating at 300 ~ 0350 ℃, exhausting for 35 ~ min, heating to 1000 ~ 212000 ℃, preserving heat, sintering for 3 ~ h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a sintered material, adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 70% into the sintered material according to the mass ratio of 1: 6 ~ 410, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15 ~ min, discharging, filtering, drying a filter cake in an oven at 55 ~ ℃ for 4 638 h, moving to the high-temperature sintering furnace, carrying out high-temperature solid-phase diffusion treatment at ~ ℃ for 12 ~ h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a composite sintered material, placing the composite sintered material into an ultrasonic electrodeposition device, adding nickel steel, mixing with the mass of 10 times of nickel, mixing, taking nickel steel as a cathode 73715 min, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 84 min, and collecting the filter cake, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 84W, thus obtaining the composite electroplating solution, and collecting.
The high-strength ceramic material comprises, by weight, 1 ~ 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 ~ 5 parts of plantain starch, 3 ~ 7 parts of a dispersing agent, 6 ~ 10 parts of a binder, 30 ~ 50 parts of a composite ceramic base material and 20 ~ 30 parts of a composite alloy material.
A preparation method of a high-strength ceramic material comprises the steps of mixing 1 ~ 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 ~ 5 parts of plantain starch, 3 ~ 07 parts of a dispersing agent, 6 ~ 10 parts of a binder, 30 ~ 50 parts of a composite ceramic base material and 20 ~ 30 parts of a composite alloy material in a mixer in parts by weight, stirring for 2 ~ 4 hours at 500 ~ 800r/min, carrying out compression molding at 110 ~ 130MPa, moving to a sintering furnace, sintering at 1300 ~ 1500 ℃ for 4 ~ 8 hours, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the high-strength ceramic material.
Example 1
Organic filler: according to the mass ratio of 4: and 3, mixing the polylactic acid and the bamboo charcoal fiber to obtain the organic filler.
Impregnating solution: according to the mass ratio of 1: 6 mixing urea and 15% sodium bicarbonate solution by mass fraction to obtain the impregnation liquid.
Auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 3: 1 mixing castor oil and polyethylene glycol to obtain the auxiliary material.
Electroplating solution: according to the weight portion, 15 portions of silicon carbide, 30 portions of sodium sulfate, 12 portions of sodium chloride, 30 portions of boric acid, 1 portion of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 3 portions of saccharin sodium, 0.2 portion of OP-10 and 800 portions of water are mixed to obtain the electroplating solution.
Co-permeation agent: according to the mass ratio of 10: 3: 20: 1, mixing alumina, ammonium chloride, chromic nitrate and iron powder to obtain the co-permeation agent.
Dispersing agent: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 2, mixing cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium laureth sulfate to obtain the dispersing agent.
Adhesive: according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, mixing paraffin, magnesium stearate and polyacrylamide to obtain the binder.
The preparation method of the composite ceramic base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at 55 ℃, mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: 12 mixing and stirring zinc acetate and 70% volume fraction ethanol solution for 30min, adjusting the pH to 7.8 by using 2mol/L NaOH solution to obtain mixed solution, mixing 40 parts by weight of zirconium dioxide, 1 part by weight of organic filler, 1 part by weight of aluminum oxide, 20 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 6 parts by weight of boron oxide and 50 parts by weight of mixed solution, firstly mixing the zirconium dioxide, the organic filler, the aluminum oxide, the silicon dioxide and the boron oxide in a mortar, grinding for 1h to obtain a grinding material, adding the grinding material into the mixed solution at 55 ℃, mixing for 2h at 200r/min, filtering and collecting a filter cake;
(2) taking a filter cake, keeping the temperature of the filter cake at 120 ℃ for 10min, heating the filter cake to 1200 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3h to obtain glass liquid, taking the glass liquid to quench in water to obtain a base material, and taking the base material according to the mass ratio of 1: and 5, adding the impregnation liquid, mixing, impregnating at room temperature for 8 hours, filtering, and taking a filter cake according to a mass ratio of 10: 3 adding auxiliary materials, mixing and ball milling for 2h to obtain a ball milling material, taking the ball milling material, kneading for 12min under the pressure of 5.2MPa to obtain a composite precursor, taking the composite precursor, preserving the heat of the composite precursor in a muffle furnace at 400 ℃ for 1h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the composite ceramic base material.
Preparing a composite alloy material: cutting the foamed nickel into the specification of 10mm multiplied by 10mm to obtain small foamed nickel blocks, and taking the small foamed nickel blocks according to the mass ratio of 5: 1, adding a co-permeation agent, uniformly mixing, standing and sealing for 30min, moving to a sintering furnace, preheating at 300 ℃, exhausting for 35min, heating to 1000 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and sintering for 3h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a sintering material, and taking the sintering material according to a mass ratio of 1: 6 adding ethanol solution with volume fraction of 70% for ultrasonic treatment for 15min, discharging, filtering, taking filter cakes, drying in a 55 ℃ oven for 4h, moving to a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature solid-phase diffusion treatment at 1100 ℃ for 12h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain composite sintering treatment materials, taking the composite sintering treatment materials in an ultrasonic electrodeposition device, adding electroplating solution with the mass 10 times that of the composite sintering treatment materials for mixing, taking nickel steel as a cathode and a nickel plate as an anode, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20min at power of 140W, discharging, filtering, and collecting the filter cakes to obtain the composite alloy material.
A high-strength ceramic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 parts of plantain starch, 3 parts of dispersant, 6 parts of binder, 30 parts of composite ceramic base material and 20 parts of composite alloy material.
A preparation method of a high-strength ceramic material comprises the following steps: according to the weight portion, 1 portion of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 portions of plantain starch, 3 portions of dispersant, 6 portions of binder, 30 portions of composite ceramic base material and 20 portions of composite alloy material are mixed in a mixer, stirred for 2 hours at 500r/min, pressed and formed under 110MPa, moved to a sintering furnace to be sintered for 4 hours at 1300 ℃, and cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, thus obtaining the high-strength ceramic material.
Example 2
Organic filler: according to the mass ratio of 6: and 3, mixing the polylactic acid and the bamboo charcoal fiber to obtain the organic filler.
Impregnating solution: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 8, mixing urea and 15% by mass of sodium bicarbonate solution to obtain the impregnation liquid.
Auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 5: 1 mixing castor oil and polyethylene glycol to obtain the auxiliary material.
Electroplating solution: according to the parts by weight, 20 parts of silicon carbide, 40 parts of sodium sulfate, 16 parts of sodium chloride, 37 parts of boric acid, 1.5 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 5 parts of saccharin sodium, 0.4 part of OP-10 and 900 parts of water are mixed to obtain the electroplating solution.
Co-permeation agent: according to the mass ratio of 12: 5: 20: 1, mixing alumina, ammonium chloride, chromic nitrate and iron powder to obtain the co-permeation agent.
Dispersing agent: according to the mass ratio of 1: and 4, mixing cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium laureth sulfate to obtain the dispersing agent.
Adhesive: according to the mass ratio of 3: 1: 2, mixing the paraffin, the magnesium stearate and the polyacrylamide to obtain the binder.
The preparation method of the composite ceramic base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at 47 ℃, mixing the components in a mass ratio of 1: 18, mixing and stirring zinc acetate and 70% ethanol solution by volume fraction for 40min, adjusting the pH to 8.0 by using 2mol/L NaOH solution to obtain mixed solution, mixing 47 parts by weight of zirconium dioxide, 2 parts by weight of organic filler, 1.5 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 28 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 7 parts by weight of boron oxide and 60 parts by weight of mixed solution, firstly mixing the zirconium dioxide, the organic filler, the aluminum oxide, the silicon dioxide and the boron oxide in a mortar, grinding for 2h to obtain grinding material, adding the grinding material into the mixed solution at 62 ℃, mixing for 3h at 225r/min, filtering and collecting filter cakes;
(2) taking a filter cake, keeping the temperature at 135 ℃ for 12min, heating to 1350 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4h to obtain glass liquid, taking the glass liquid to quench in water to obtain a base material, and taking the base material according to a mass ratio of 1: 7, adding the impregnation liquid, mixing, impregnating at room temperature for 10 hours, filtering, and taking a filter cake according to a mass ratio of 12: 3 adding auxiliary materials, mixing and ball milling for 3h to obtain a ball milling material, taking the ball milling material, kneading for 16min under the pressure of 6.2MPa to obtain a composite precursor, taking the composite precursor, preserving the heat of the composite precursor in a muffle furnace at 500 ℃ for 2h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the composite ceramic base material.
Preparing a composite alloy material: cutting the foamed nickel into the specification of 10mm multiplied by 10mm to obtain small foamed nickel blocks, and taking the small foamed nickel blocks according to the mass ratio of 7: 1, adding a co-permeation agent, uniformly mixing, standing, sealing for 42min, moving to a sintering furnace, preheating at 325 ℃, exhausting for 42min, heating to 1100 ℃, preserving heat, sintering for 4h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a sintering material, and taking the sintering material according to a mass ratio of 1: 8, adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 70% for ultrasonic treatment for 20min, discharging, filtering, taking a filter cake, drying in an oven at 62 ℃ for 6h, moving to a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature solid-phase diffusion treatment at 1200 ℃ for 16h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a composite sintering treatment material, taking the composite sintering treatment material in an ultrasonic electrodeposition device, adding an electroplating solution with the mass being 12 times that of the composite sintering treatment material for mixing, taking nickel steel as a cathode and a nickel plate as an anode, performing ultrasonic treatment for 32min at the power of 170W, discharging, filtering, and collecting the filter cake to obtain the composite alloy material.
A high-strength ceramic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 3 parts of plantain starch, 5 parts of dispersant, 8 parts of binder, 40 parts of composite ceramic base material and 25 parts of composite alloy material.
A preparation method of a high-strength ceramic material comprises the following steps: according to the weight portion, 2 portions of epoxidized soybean oil, 3 portions of plantain starch, 5 portions of dispersant, 8 portions of binder, 40 portions of composite ceramic base material and 25 portions of composite alloy material are mixed in a mixer, stirred for 3 hours at 650r/min, pressed and formed under 120MPa, moved to a sintering furnace to be sintered for 6 hours at 1400 ℃, and cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, thus obtaining the high-strength ceramic material.
Example 3
Organic filler: according to the mass ratio of 8: and 3, mixing the polylactic acid and the bamboo charcoal fiber to obtain the organic filler.
Impregnating solution: according to the mass ratio of 1: 10 mixing urea and 15% sodium bicarbonate solution by mass fraction to obtain the impregnation liquid.
Auxiliary materials: according to the mass ratio of 6: 1 mixing castor oil and polyethylene glycol to obtain the auxiliary material.
Electroplating solution: according to the weight portion, 25 portions of silicon carbide, 50 portions of sodium sulfate, 20 portions of sodium chloride, 45 portions of boric acid, 2 portions of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 7 portions of saccharin sodium, 0.5 portion of OP-10 and 1000 portions of water are mixed to obtain the electroplating solution.
Co-permeation agent: according to the mass ratio of 15: 7: 20: 1, mixing alumina, ammonium chloride, chromic nitrate and iron powder to obtain the co-permeation agent.
Dispersing agent: according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 mixing cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium laureth sulfate to obtain the dispersant.
Adhesive: according to the mass ratio of 5: 1: and 3, mixing the paraffin, the magnesium stearate and the polyacrylamide to obtain the binder.
The preparation method of the composite ceramic base material comprises the following steps:
(1) at 70 ℃, according to the mass ratio of 1: 25 mixing and stirring zinc acetate and 70% volume fraction ethanol solution for 50min, adjusting the pH to 8.3 by using 2mol/L NaOH solution to obtain mixed solution, mixing 55 parts by weight of zirconium dioxide, 3 parts by weight of organic filler, 2 parts by weight of aluminum oxide, 36 parts by weight of silicon dioxide, 9 parts by weight of boron oxide and 70 parts by weight of mixed solution in a mortar, grinding for 3h to obtain grinding material, adding the grinding material into the mixed solution at 70 ℃, mixing for 4h at 250r/min, filtering, and collecting filter cake;
(2) taking a filter cake, keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 15min, heating to 1500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5h to obtain glass liquid, taking the glass liquid to quench in water to obtain a base material, and taking the base material according to a mass ratio of 1: 8, adding the impregnation liquid, mixing, impregnating at room temperature for 12 hours, filtering, and taking a filter cake according to a mass ratio of 14: 3 adding auxiliary materials, mixing and ball milling for 4h to obtain a ball milling material, taking the ball milling material, kneading for 20min under the pressure of 7.3MPa to obtain a composite precursor, taking the composite precursor, preserving the heat of the composite precursor in a muffle furnace at 550 ℃ for 3h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the composite ceramic base material.
Preparing a composite alloy material: cutting the foamed nickel into the specification of 10mm multiplied by 10mm to obtain small foamed nickel blocks, and taking the small foamed nickel blocks according to the mass ratio of 8: 1, adding a co-permeation agent, uniformly mixing, standing and sealing for 55min, moving to a sintering furnace, preheating at 350 ℃, exhausting for 50min, heating to 1200 ℃, carrying out heat preservation and sintering for 5h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain a sintering material, and taking the sintering material according to a mass ratio of 1: 10 adding ethanol solution with volume fraction of 70% for ultrasonic treatment for 25min, discharging, filtering, taking filter cakes, drying in a 70 ℃ oven for 8h, transferring to a high-temperature sintering furnace for high-temperature solid-phase diffusion treatment at 1300 ℃ for 20h, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain composite sintering treatment materials, taking the composite sintering treatment materials in an ultrasonic electrodeposition device, adding electroplating solution with the mass 15 times that of the composite sintering treatment materials for mixing, taking nickel steel as a cathode and a nickel plate as an anode, performing ultrasonic treatment for 45min under 200W power, discharging, filtering, and collecting the filter cakes to obtain the composite alloy material.
A high-strength ceramic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 5 parts of plantain starch, 7 parts of dispersant, 10 parts of binder, 50 parts of composite ceramic base material and 30 parts of composite alloy material.
A preparation method of a high-strength ceramic material comprises the following steps: according to the weight portion, 3 portions of epoxidized soybean oil, 5 portions of plantain starch, 7 portions of dispersant, 10 portions of binder, 50 portions of composite ceramic base material and 30 portions of composite alloy material are mixed in a mixer, stirred at 800r/min for 4 hours, pressed and formed under 130MPa, moved to a sintering furnace to be sintered at 1500 ℃ for 8 hours, and cooled to room temperature along with the furnace, thus obtaining the high-strength ceramic material.
Comparative example 1: essentially the same procedure as in example 1 was followed except that the composite ceramic matrix was absent.
Comparative example 2: the procedure was essentially the same as in example 1 except that the composite alloy material was absent.
Comparative example 3: ceramic material produced by a company in Chuzhou.
The high-strength ceramic materials obtained in the examples and the comparative examples are tested according to GB/T6569-2006 and GB/T23806-2009, and the test results are shown in Table 1:
table 1:
| test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Fracture toughness/Mpam1/2 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 7.6 | 6.2 | 4.5 |
| Flexural strength/MPa | 1650.3 | 1530.7 | 1460.8 | 1350.9 | 1030.2 | 950.4 |
| hardness/HV | 2530 | 2200 | 2060 | 1970 | 1590 | 1380 |
| Situation of breakage | Is not easy to break | Is not easy to break | Is not easy to break | Is not easy to break | Easy to be broken | Easy to be broken |
In sum, the high-strength ceramic material obtained by the invention has high strength and good toughness and is not easy to break. Compared with the products sold on the market, the product has better effect and is worth popularizing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, but rather as the subject matter of the invention is to be construed in all aspects and as broadly as possible, and all changes, equivalents and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength ceramic material comprises, by weight, 1 ~ 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 ~ 5 parts of plantain starch, 3 ~ 7 parts of a dispersing agent and 6 ~ 10 parts of a binder, and is characterized by further comprising 30 ~ 50 parts of a composite ceramic base material and 20 ~ 30 parts of a composite alloy material.
2. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the composite ceramic base material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring zinc acetate and ethanol solution according to the mass ratio of 1: 12 ~ 25 at 55 ~ 70 ℃, adjusting the pH value to obtain mixed liquid, taking 40 ~ 55 parts of zirconium dioxide, 1 ~ 3 parts of organic filler, 1 ~ 2 parts of aluminum oxide, 20 ~ 36 parts of silicon dioxide, 6 ~ 9 parts of boron oxide and 50 ~ 70 parts of mixed liquid according to the parts by weight, firstly taking the zirconium dioxide, the organic filler, the aluminum oxide, the silicon dioxide and the boron oxide, mixing and grinding to obtain a grinding material, taking the grinding material, adding the grinding material into the mixed liquid, mixing and shaking at 55 ~ 70 ℃, filtering, and collecting a filter cake;
(2) taking a filter cake, preserving heat at 120 ~ 150 ℃, heating to 1200 ~ 1500 ℃, preserving heat at 1500 ℃ to obtain glass liquid, taking the glass liquid, quenching in water to obtain a base material, taking the base material, adding the base material into the impregnation liquid according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 ~ 8, mixing, soaking at room temperature, filtering, taking the filter cake, adding auxiliary materials according to the mass ratio of 10 ~ 14: 3, mixing and ball milling to obtain ball grinding materials, taking the ball grinding materials, mixing and kneading under high pressure to obtain a composite precursor, taking the composite precursor, preserving heat at 400 ~ 550 ℃, cooling, and obtaining the composite ceramic base material.
3. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the organic filler obtained in step (1) is prepared by mixing polylactic acid and bamboo charcoal fiber at a mass ratio of 4 ~ 8: 3.
4. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the impregnating solution obtained in step (2) is obtained by mixing urea and sodium bicarbonate solution according to a mass ratio of 1: 6 ~ 10.
5. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the auxiliary materials in step (2) are obtained by mixing castor oil and polyethylene glycol according to a mass ratio of 3 ~ 6: 1.
6. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composite alloy material is prepared by cutting nickel foam into small pieces to obtain nickel foam small pieces, adding co-permeation agent into the nickel foam small pieces at a mass ratio of 5 ~ 8: 1, mixing uniformly, standing, sealing, preheating at 300 ~ 350 ℃ for exhaust, heating to 1000 ~ 1200 ℃, sintering at a constant temperature, cooling to obtain sintered material, adding ethanol solution into the sintered material at a mass ratio of 1: 6 ~ 10 for ultrasonic treatment, discharging, filtering, drying filter cake, performing solid phase diffusion treatment at 1100 ~ 1300 ℃ to 1300 ℃, cooling to obtain composite sintered material, adding electroplating solution 10 to 10 ~ 15 times the mass of the composite sintered material into the composite sintered material for mixing, performing ultrasonic treatment, discharging, filtering, and collecting the filter cake.
7. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the electroplating solution is prepared by mixing, by weight, 15 ~ 25 parts of silicon carbide, 30 ~ 50 parts of sodium sulfate, 12 ~ 20 parts of sodium chloride, 30 ~ 45 parts of boric acid, 1 ~ 2 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3 ~ 7 parts of sodium saccharin, 0.2 ~ 0.5 parts of OP-10, and 800 ~ 1000 parts of water.
8. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the co-permeation agent is prepared by mixing alumina, ammonium chloride, chromium nitrate and iron powder according to a mass ratio of 10 ~ 15: 3 ~ 7: 20: 1.
9. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispersant is obtained by mixing cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and sodium laureth sulfate at a mass ratio of 1: 2 ~ 5.
10. The high-strength ceramic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder is prepared by mixing paraffin, magnesium stearate and polyacrylamide according to a mass ratio of 2 ~ 5: 1: 1 ~ 3.
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| CN113308713A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-27 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Metal ceramic anode and preparation method and application thereof |
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