CN112645684A - Method for preparing ceramic sintered water permeable brick from tungsten tailings - Google Patents
Method for preparing ceramic sintered water permeable brick from tungsten tailings Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0038—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by superficial sintering or bonding of particulate matter
- C04B38/0041—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by superficial sintering or bonding of particulate matter the particulate matter having preselected particle sizes
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a ceramic sintered water permeable brick from tungsten tailings, which comprises the following steps of taking the tungsten tailings as aggregate, mixing a plastic mineral raw material with water and/or using a binder as a batch, and carrying out ball milling, mixing, pressure forming and sintering to prepare the water permeable brick: (1) preparing aggregate, including crushing, screening and grading of tungsten tailings; (2) preparing a batch, namely ball-milling and mixing plastic mineral raw materials, a binder and water; (3) mixing the aggregate and the batch, including stirring and ageing of the mixture; (4) distributing and forming the mixture, including twice distributing and once pressing forming of the bottom material and the surface material; (5) and (3) sintering the water permeable brick, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature moisture drying, high-temperature sintering and crystal phase control of a cooling area. The ceramic sintered water permeable brick has better mechanical strength and water retention and permeability, and excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The invention realizes the comprehensive disposal and high-valued utilization of the tungsten tailings and has obvious economic and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of tungsten tailings, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a ceramic sintered water permeable brick from tungsten tailings.
Background
The particle diameter of the tungsten tailings is 0-2.5 mm, and most of the mineral components are quartz. However, most of the tailings are baking-free water permeable bricks at present, for example, "a composite modified enhanced aging-resistant tungsten tailings ecological sand-based water permeable brick and a preparation method thereof" (application number: 2019112897097), and the baking-free water permeable brick is obtained by modifying tungsten tailings with composite modified epoxy resin and epoxy resin curing agent and then performing compression molding. The porosity of the water permeable brick is about 20%, and the water permeable brick has certain water and air permeability and compressive strength, relatively simple preparation process and lower cost. Compared with the traditional baking-free water permeable brick, the water permeable brick prepared by sintering by adopting the high-temperature binder has the porosity of 25 percent, better water permeability and water retention property, better mechanical strength and skid resistance, particularly better frost resistance than the cement sand-based baking-free brick, almost no mass loss after being frozen for 25 times in hot-summer and cold-winter areas, reusability and reduction of waste of various resources in urban construction.
Therefore, the ceramic sintered water permeable brick prepared by using the tungsten tailings as the aggregate and the plastic mineral raw material and water or the binder as the batch materials through ball milling, mixing, pressure forming and sintering has better mechanical strength and water retention and permeability, and excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The invention realizes the comprehensive disposal and high-valued utilization of the tungsten tailings and has obvious economic and environmental benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a ceramic sintered water permeable brick from tungsten tailings, belonging to the field of comprehensive recycling of tailings.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing ceramic sintering water permeable bricks by using tungsten tailings as aggregates and plastic mineral raw materials and water or a binder as batch materials through ball milling, mixing, pressure forming and sintering is disclosed. The invention realizes the comprehensive disposal and high-valued utilization of the tungsten tailings and has obvious economic and environmental benefits.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of aggregate
(1-1) crushing of tungsten tailings: crushing the tungsten tailings to a particle size of less than 5mm according to the requirement;
(1-2) particle screening of tungsten tailings: sieving by a multistage vibrating screen according to a) <1mm, b) 1-2mm, c) 2-3mm, d) and d) >3 mm;
(1-3) particle composition of tungsten tailings: grading the tungsten tailings according to the particle size particles after being screened in the step (1-2), wherein the weight percentage of 1-2mm particles is more than 40%, the weight percentage of 2-3mm particles is more than 40%, the weight percentage of the sum of particles with the particle size of <1mm and the particle size of >3mm is not more than 20%, and the sum is 100%, so that the required aggregate is obtained.
(2) Preparation of the batch
The batch of the backing material is prepared by ball-milling and mixing a plastic mineral raw material, water and/or a binder according to needs, wherein the plastic mineral raw material is one or more of bentonite, raw talc and kaolin, the plastic mineral raw material accounts for 0-95 wt% of the total amount of the batch, and the binder is one or more of water glass and aluminum dihydrogen phosphate;
adding 2-10 wt.% of ceramic pigment into the base material batch of the fabric for decoration;
the batch materials of the bottom material and the batch materials of the surface material are respectively subjected to ball milling, and the particle size is less than 80 microns.
(3) Preparation of the mix
And (3) mixing the aggregate obtained in the steps (1) and (2) with the batch according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.05-0.2, mixing materials in a mechanical stirring mode under the condition that the temperature is not lower than zero, preparing a base material mixture from the aggregate and the base material mixture, and preparing a fabric mixture from the aggregate and the fabric mixture;
the stirring time is 10-120 mins, and the mixture is stirred uniformly and then aged for a period of time, wherein the time is 2-12 h, so that the moisture in the aggregate surface batch is uniformly distributed, and the interface strength in the later period is improved.
(4) Distribution and shaping of raw materials
Respectively distributing the mixture obtained in the step (3) by an automatic vibration material distributor, wherein a bottom material is distributed at first, the thickness of the bottom material is 45-50 mm, and then the bottom material is distributed at the thickness of 5-10 mm; and then carrying out compression molding under the pressure of 2-30 Mpa for 2-10 s to obtain a green brick.
(5) Sintering of water permeable bricks
Conveying the green bricks obtained in the step (4) into a kiln through a conveyor belt for sintering, wherein the speed of a push plate is 0.5-2 m/min when the permeable bricks are sintered;
firstly, drying water in a low-temperature area, wherein the temperature of the low-temperature area is 200-300 ℃, and the retention time of the water permeable bricks is 2-3 h;
then sintering at high temperature, wherein the temperature of a sintering area is 800-1250 ℃, and the retention time of the water permeable bricks is 2-3 h;
and finally, carrying out crystal phase control in a cooling zone, wherein the residence time of the cooling zone is 4-6 h, and the waste heat of the cooling zone is pumped to a low-temperature zone through a fan to preheat the brick blank of the water permeable brick.
In order to further increase the formability of the water permeable brick, in the step (2), an organic plasticizer is further added into the batch, wherein the organic plasticizer accounts for 0.5-3% of the batch by mass, and the organic plasticizer is one or mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose or polysaccharide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the method that the tungsten tailings are used as the aggregate, the plastic mineral raw material and water or the binder are used as the batch materials, and the ceramic sintered water permeable brick is prepared by ball milling, mixing, pressure forming and sintering, has better mechanical strength and water retention and permeability, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the product quality meets the national standard GB/T25993-.
(2) From the aspects of circular economy and comprehensive resource recycling, the method not only reasonably disposes the bulk tungsten tailings, greatly reduces the risk of environmental pollution, but also realizes the change of waste into valuable and realizes high-valued utilization, thereby having remarkable economic and environmental benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technological process diagram of the method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings is shown in fig. 1, and in all the following embodiments, the tungsten tailings are firstly crushed to the particle size of less than 5mm according to needs, and are sieved and classified according to a) <1mm, b) 1-2mm, c) 2-3mm and d) >3mm by using a multistage vibrating screen.
Example 1
Grading according to the grain size of tailings: the composition of 1-2mm particles is 45%, the composition of 2-3mm particles is more than 45%, and the composition of particles with the particle size of <1mm and >3mm is 10% for grading preparation of aggregate;
the preparation of the batch mixture is synchronously carried out, the batch mixture of the bottom material adopts aluminium dihydrogen phosphate as a binder, the binder accounts for 100 wt% of the total amount of the batch mixture, the ball milling and mixing are carried out, 2 wt% of ceramic pigment is additionally added into the batch mixture of the surface material for decoration, and the mixture is ball-milled and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (74 microns).
And then mixing the aggregate and the batch according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.05, mechanically stirring for 10 minutes under the condition that the temperature is not lower than zero, uniformly stirring, and then aging for 12 hours to obtain a mixture, wherein the base material and the fabric are separately prepared, the mixture of the aggregate and the base material is prepared into a base material mixture, and the mixture of the aggregate and the fabric is prepared into a fabric mixture.
Distributing the mixture obtained in the above steps by an automatic vibration material distributor, wherein the bottom material is distributed with the thickness of 45 mm, and the fabric is distributed with the thickness of 10 mm; then, the mixture is pressed and formed under the pressure of 2Mpa, and the pressure is maintained for 10s, so that green bricks are obtained.
And finally, conveying the green bricks into a kiln for sintering through a conveyor belt, wherein the speed of a push plate is 0.5m/min, the temperature of a low-temperature region is 200 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 3 hours, the temperature of a high-temperature sintering region is 800 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 3 hours, and the residence time of a cooling region is 6 hours, wherein the waste heat of the cooling region is pumped to the low-temperature region through a fan to preheat the water permeable bricks.
The obtained ceramic water permeable brick has breaking strength of 40Mpa and water permeability coefficient of 2.1 × 10-2cm/s and an anti-slip BPN value of 62.
Example 2
Grading according to the grain size of tailings: the composition of 1-2mm particles is more than 50%, the composition of 2-3mm particles is more than 50%, and the composition of particles with the particle size of <1mm and >3mm is 0% to prepare aggregate by grading;
the preparation of the batch mixture is synchronously carried out, the batch mixture of the bottom material adopts raw talc as a plastic mineral raw material, accounts for 20 wt% of the total amount of the batch mixture, water glass is used as a binder, accounts for 78 wt% of the total amount of the batch mixture, is added with 2 wt% of water, accounts for 100 wt% of the total amount, is subjected to ball milling and mixing, the batch mixture of the fabric is additionally added with 4 wt% of a ceramic pigment for decoration, and is subjected to ball milling and then passes through a 250-mesh sieve (58 micrometers).
To further increase the formability of the water permeable brick, 0.5 wt.% of carboxymethyl cellulose per batch was added.
And then mixing the aggregate and the batch according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1, mechanically stirring for 30 minutes at the temperature of not less than zero, aging for 9 hours after uniform stirring to obtain a mixture, separately preparing the base material and the fabric, preparing the mixture of the aggregate and the base material into the mixture of the base material, and preparing the mixture of the aggregate and the fabric into the mixture of the fabric.
Distributing the mixture obtained in the above steps by an automatic vibration material distributor, wherein the bottom material is distributed with the thickness of 46 mm, and the fabric is distributed with the thickness of 9 mm; then, the mixture is pressed and formed under the pressure of 8Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 8s, so that a green brick is obtained.
And finally, conveying the green bricks into a kiln for sintering through a conveyor belt, wherein the speed of a push plate is 2m/min, the temperature of a low-temperature region is 200 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 3 hours, the temperature of a high-temperature sintering region is 900 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 2.8 hours, and the residence time of a cooling region is 5 hours, wherein the waste heat of the cooling region is pumped to the low-temperature region through a fan to preheat the water permeable bricks.
The obtained ceramic water permeable brick has a rupture strength of 42Mpa, and is water permeable through detectionCoefficient of 2.15X 10-2cm/s and an antiskid BPN value of 65.
Example 3
Grading according to the grain size of tailings: the composition of 1-2mm particles is more than 45%, the composition of 2-3mm particles is more than 42%, and the composition of particles with the particle size of <1mm and >3mm is 13% to prepare aggregate by grading;
the preparation of the batch mixture is synchronously carried out, the batch mixture of the bottom material adopts kaolin as a plastic mineral raw material, the mass percentage of the kaolin is 40 wt%, the water glass and the aluminum dihydrogen phosphate are combined, the volume ratio of each half is used as a binder, the mass percentage of the kaolin is 57 wt%, 3 wt% of water is added, the mass percentage is 100 wt%, the mixture is subjected to ball milling and mixing, 6 wt% of ceramic pigment is additionally added into the batch mixture of the surface material for decoration, and the mixture is ball-milled and sieved by a 300-mesh sieve (48 microns).
To further increase the mouldability of the water permeable brick, 1 wt.% of polysaccharide per batch was added.
And then mixing the aggregate and the batch according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.15, mechanically stirring for 60 minutes under the condition that the temperature is not lower than zero, uniformly stirring, and then aging for 7 hours to obtain a mixture, wherein the base material and the fabric are separately prepared, the mixture of the aggregate and the base material is prepared into a base material mixture, and the mixture of the aggregate and the fabric is prepared into a fabric mixture.
Distributing the mixture obtained in the above steps by an automatic vibration material distributor, wherein the bottom material is distributed with the thickness of 47 mm, and then the fabric is distributed with the thickness of 8 mm; then, the mixture is pressed and formed under the pressure of 15Mpa, and the pressure is maintained for 6s, so that green bricks are obtained.
And finally, conveying the green bricks into a kiln for sintering through a conveyor belt, wherein the speed of a push plate is 1.5m/min, the temperature of a low-temperature region is 300 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 2 hours, the temperature of a high-temperature sintering region is 1000 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 2.5 hours, and the residence time of a cooling region is 4 hours, wherein the waste heat of the cooling region is pumped to the low-temperature region through a fan to preheat the water permeable bricks.
The obtained ceramic water permeable brick has rupture strength of 45Mpa and water permeability coefficient of 2.21 × 10-2cm/s and an antiskid BPN value of 64.
Example 4
Grading according to the grain size of tailings: the composition of 1-2mm particles is more than 42%, the composition of 2-3mm particles is more than 50%, and the composition of particles with the particle size of less than 1mm and more than 3mm is 8% to prepare aggregate by grading;
the preparation of the batch mixture is synchronously carried out, the batch mixture of the backing material adopts bentonite and raw talc as the combination, half of the batch mixture is taken as plastic mineral raw materials according to the mass, the total amount of the batch mixture is 65 wt.%, the water glass is taken as a binder, the total amount of the batch mixture is 31 wt.%, 4 wt.% of water is added, the total amount is 100 wt.%, the ball milling and mixing are carried out, 8 wt.% of ceramic pigment is additionally added into the batch mixture of the fabric for decoration, and the mixture is ball-milled and sieved by a 325-mesh sieve (45 micrometers).
In order to further increase the formability of the water permeable brick, 1 wt.% of carboxymethyl cellulose and 1 wt.% of polysaccharide are added and mixed according to the batch.
And then mixing the aggregate and the batch according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.2, mechanically stirring for 90 minutes at the temperature of not less than zero ℃, aging for 4 hours after uniform stirring to obtain a mixture, separately preparing the base material and the fabric, preparing the mixture of the aggregate and the base material into the mixture of the base material, and preparing the mixture of the aggregate and the fabric into the mixture of the fabric.
Distributing the mixture obtained in the above steps by an automatic vibration material distributor, wherein the bottom material is distributed with the thickness of 49 mm, and then the fabric is distributed with the thickness of 6 mm; then, the mixture is pressed and formed under the pressure of 24Mpa, and the pressure is maintained for 4s, so that green bricks are obtained.
And finally, conveying the green bricks into a kiln for sintering through a conveyor belt, wherein the speed of a push plate is 1m/min, the temperature of a low-temperature region is 250 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 2.5 hours, the temperature of a high-temperature sintering region is 1150 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 2.2 hours, and the residence time of a cooling region is 5 hours, wherein the waste heat of the cooling region is pumped to the low-temperature region through a fan to preheat the water permeable bricks.
The obtained ceramic water permeable brick has the breaking strength of 48Mpa and the water permeability coefficient of 2.10 multiplied by 10-2cm/s and an antiskid BPN value of 62.
Example 5
Grading according to the grain size of tailings: preparing aggregates by grading 50% of particles with the diameter of 1-2mm, 45% of particles with the diameter of 2-3mm and 5% of particles with the diameter of <1mm and >3 mm;
the preparation of the batch mixture is synchronously carried out, the batch mixture of the bottom material adopts bentonite, raw talc or kaolin to combine, 1/3 are used as plastic mineral raw materials according to the mass, the mass accounts for 95 wt% of the total mass of the batch mixture, 5 wt% of water is added, the total mass is 100 wt%, ball milling and mixing are carried out, 10 wt% of ceramic pigment is additionally added into the batch mixture of the fabric for decoration, and the mixture is ball-milled and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve (74 microns).
To further increase the formability of the water permeable brick, 3 wt.% of carboxymethyl cellulose per batch was added.
And then mixing the aggregate and the batch according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.1, mechanically stirring for 120 minutes under the condition that the temperature is not lower than zero, aging for 2 hours after uniform stirring to obtain a mixture, separately preparing the base material and the fabric, preparing the mixture of the aggregate and the base material into the mixture of the base material, and preparing the mixture of the aggregate and the fabric into the mixture of the fabric.
Distributing the mixture obtained in the above steps by an automatic vibration material distributor, wherein the bottom material is distributed with the thickness of 50mm, and then the fabric is distributed with the thickness of 5 mm; then, the mixture is pressed and formed under the pressure of 30Mpa, and the pressure is maintained for 2s, so that green bricks are obtained.
And finally, conveying the green bricks into a kiln through a conveyor belt for sintering, wherein the speed of a push plate is 0.5m/min, the temperature of a low-temperature region is 300 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 2 hours, the temperature of a high-temperature sintering region is 1250 ℃, the residence time of the water permeable bricks is 2 hours, and the residence time of a cooling region is 6 hours, wherein the residual heat of the cooling region is pumped to the low-temperature region through a fan to preheat the water permeable bricks.
The obtained ceramic water permeable brick has breaking strength of 52Mpa and water permeability coefficient of 2.31 × 10-2cm/s and an antiskid BPN value of 67.
The foregoing merely represents preferred embodiments of the invention, which are described in some detail and detail, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such changes, modifications and substitutions fall within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings is characterized in that the tungsten tailings are used as aggregates, a plastic mineral raw material is mixed with water and/or a binder is used as a batch, and the ceramic sintered water permeable brick is prepared by ball milling, mixing, pressure forming and sintering, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preparing aggregate, including crushing, screening and grading of tungsten tailings;
(2) preparing a batch, including mixing a plastic mineral raw material and water and/or ball-milling and mixing a binder;
(3) preparing a mixture, namely stirring and ageing the aggregate and the batch;
(4) distributing and forming the mixture, wherein twice distribution and once pressing forming of the bottom material and the surface material are included to form a green brick;
(5) and (3) sintering the water permeable brick, wherein the sintering comprises low-temperature moisture drying, high-temperature sintering and crystal phase control of a cooling area.
2. The method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the aggregate in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
(1-1) crushing the tungsten tailings until the particle size is less than 5 mm;
(1-2) carrying out four-stage screening by a multi-stage vibrating screen according to a) <1mm, b) 1-2mm, c) 2-3mm and d) >3 mm;
(1-3) grading the tungsten tailings according to the particle size particles sieved in the step (1-2), wherein the weight percentage of 1-2mm particles is more than 40%, the weight percentage of 2-3mm particles is more than 40%, the sum of the weight percentages of particles with the particle size of less than 1mm and more than 3mm is not more than 20%, and the sum is 100%, so that the required aggregate is obtained.
3. The method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the batch of the base material in the step (2) comprises a plastic mineral raw material and water, wherein the plastic mineral raw material is one or a combination of more of bentonite, raw talc and kaolin, and accounts for 0-95 wt% of the total amount of the batch; the binder is one or a combination of more of water glass or aluminum dihydrogen phosphate; 2-10 wt.% of pigment is added on the basis that the batch of the fabric is the batch of the base material; and respectively ball-milling the batch of the bottom material and the batch of the surface material to obtain the mixture with the granularity of less than 80 microns.
4. The method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: adding an organic plasticizer into the batch materials in the step (2), wherein the organic plasticizer is one or a mixture of carboxymethyl cellulose and polysaccharide; the organic plasticizer accounts for 0.5-3% of the mass of the batch.
5. The method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the mixture in the step (3) specifically comprises: and (3) mixing the aggregate obtained in the steps (1) and (2) with the batch according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.05-0.2, mixing materials in a mechanical stirring mode under the condition that the temperature is not lower than zero, wherein the stirring time is 10-120 mins, and the ageing time after stirring is 2-12 h, so that a bottom material mixture and a fabric mixture are obtained.
6. The method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings according to claim 1, wherein the step (4) of distributing and forming the mixture specifically comprises: firstly, sequentially performing bottom material distribution and surface material distribution on the mixture obtained in the step (3) through an automatic vibrating material distributor, wherein the thickness of the bottom material is 45-50 mm, and the thickness of the surface material is 5-10 mm; and then performing compression molding under the pressure of 2-30 Mpa to form a green brick, and maintaining the pressure for 2-10 s.
7. The method for preparing the ceramic sintered water permeable brick from the tungsten tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering of the water permeable brick in the step (5) specifically comprises: conveying the green bricks obtained in the step (4) into a kiln through a conveyor belt for sintering, wherein the speed of a push plate during the sintering of the water permeable bricks is 0.5-2 m/min, the temperature of a low-temperature area is 200-300 ℃, and the retention time of the water permeable bricks is 2-3 h; the temperature of the high-temperature sintering area is 800-1250 ℃, and the retention time of the water permeable bricks is 2-3 h; the residence time of the cooling zone is 4-6 h, and the waste heat of the cooling zone is pumped to the low-temperature zone through a fan to preheat the green bricks.
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