CN112636641A - Method for preventing ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from being demagnetized at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting - Google Patents

Method for preventing ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from being demagnetized at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112636641A
CN112636641A CN202011519945.6A CN202011519945A CN112636641A CN 112636641 A CN112636641 A CN 112636641A CN 202011519945 A CN202011519945 A CN 202011519945A CN 112636641 A CN112636641 A CN 112636641A
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China
Prior art keywords
switch
switches
phase
low
temperature
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Chinese (zh)
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朱科学
郑辉
仲建华
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Changzhou Kinetek Motor Master Co ltd
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Changzhou Kinetek Motor Master Co ltd
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Priority to CN202011519945.6A priority Critical patent/CN112636641A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/20Arrangements for starting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/25Devices for sensing temperature, or actuated thereby
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2207/00Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the type of motor
    • H02P2207/05Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting, the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor is provided with a frequency converter and a controller, the frequency converter is connected with the controller through a circuit, the controller is also provided with an NTC environment temperature sensor and a time counter for detecting the external environment temperature, and the NTC environment temperature sensor and the time counter are respectively connected with the controller through signals. The invention heats the magnetic steel by electrifying the winding material, so that the heating heat is radiated to the magnetic steel, and the magnetic steel material is ensured to be heated to a certain degree, thereby realizing the protection of the magnetic steel material of the ferrite motor to prevent demagnetization in low-temperature starting, realizing the effective protection of the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor in low-temperature environment, preventing permanent demagnetization and other phenomena, and smoothly starting the motor in low-temperature environment.

Description

Method for preventing ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from being demagnetized at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet synchronous motor design, in particular to a method for preventing a ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from being demagnetized at a low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting.
Background
The permanent magnet synchronous motor is characterized in that three-phase symmetrical currents are introduced to the stator side, the three-phase stator currents have a 120-degree phase difference in spatial position, so that a rotating magnetic field is generated in space by the three-phase stator currents, the rotor as a permanent magnet material moves under the action of electromagnetic force in the rotating magnetic field, at the moment, the motor rotates, and electric energy is converted into mechanical energy. The permanent magnet material is generally a rare earth magnetic material, and the materials mainly applied at present are ferrite and neodymium iron boron; the ferrite materials have the advantages and the disadvantages, the ferrite materials have low price, but the magnetic energy stored in unit volume is low, the materials are easy to magnetize and demagnetize, the demagnetization current curve rises along with the rise of temperature, the demagnetization current is the minimum at low temperature, the materials are easy to demagnetize at the moment of starting at low temperature, and once the motor is demagnetized, the motor is permanently disabled; the neodymium iron boron magnetic material is the latest achievement of the development of the rare earth permanent magnetic material, the neodymium iron boron has extremely high magnetic energy and coercive force, the demagnetization current curve of the neodymium iron boron is reduced along with the temperature rise, and the demagnetization current is increased at low temperature.
Because of the characteristics of ferrite materials, demagnetization current is reduced at low temperature, permanent demagnetization of the permanent magnet motor is easily caused, or the permanent magnet motor fails to start at low temperature, so that the application of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in certain low-temperature occasions is limited. As a result of authoritative testing, the ferrite magnet begins to demagnetize when the ambient temperature reaches about minus 40 ℃. At present, most permanent magnet synchronous motors on the market adopt ferrite, and ferrite permanent magnets are easy to have unstable characteristics in a low-temperature environment, and can cause demagnetization by slight attention, so that the motors fail and cannot be started.
CN102761300B discloses a winding preheating and starting method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which applies current to a stator to preheat a three-phase winding of the stator, so as to realize positioning preheating of a winding of the motor in a low-temperature environment, so as to ensure that the motor starts at a proper winding temperature. However, in this case, the method of preheating the winding by using the injection current uses a general-purpose frequency converter to increase the probability of successful starting of the motor, but the method does not mention that the magnetic steel of the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor can be prevented from being demagnetized at a low temperature, and meanwhile, the method adopts the practical reinforcement of the general-purpose frequency converter, when the heating condition for the winding is started is not clear, the winding heating function can not be started adaptively according to the ambient temperature, when the heating condition for the winding is ended is not clear, the current winding preheating function can not be ended automatically, and manual intervention is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from being demagnetized at a low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting, solves the problem of motor failure caused by the low-temperature demagnetization of the magnetic steel of the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor in a low-temperature environment, and can smoothly realize the starting of the motor under the low-temperature condition without additional manual intervention.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a prevent ferrite class PMSM low temperature demagnetization and realize method of low temperature start, is applicable to three-phase PMSM, and this three-phase PMSM still has converter and controller, converter and controller line connection, the controller on three IGBT module groups of parallel connection, every IGBT module group of group is interior including the IGBT module of two switches of establishing ties and two series connections, two switches and two IGBT modules are parallel arrangement, wherein the circuit between two switches of every IGBT module of group and a phase winding line connection of three-phase PMSM, the controller on still be equipped with NTC ambient temperature sensor and the time counter that detects external environment temperature, NTC ambient temperature sensor and time counter respectively with NTC controller signal connection.
Furthermore, three-phase windings of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor are respectively a U phase, a V phase and a W phase, serial switches in the IGBT module group connected with the U are respectively a first switch and a fourth switch, serial switches in the IGBT module group connected with the V phase are respectively a second switch and a fifth switch, and serial switches in the IGBT module group connected with the W phase are respectively a third switch and a sixth switch; three heating modes are formed, which are respectively as follows:
A. the first group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a first switch, a fifth switch and a sixth switch, and other switches are closed;
B. the second group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a second switch, a fourth switch and a sixth switch, and other switches are closed;
C. the third group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a third switch, a fourth switch and a fifth switch, and other switches are closed;
the three heating modes are switched once to form a heating cycle.
The method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting comprises the following steps:
a. an NTC ambient temperature sensor detects whether the ambient temperature is less than-40 ℃; otherwise, entering a normal starting process; if yes, entering the next process;
b. completing N heating cycles, and counting;
c. and when the counting times are more than n, all the switches are closed, and the motor tries to start normally.
Preferably, n is 10.
The method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at the low temperature and realizing the low-temperature starting has the advantages that the winding material is electrified, so that the heating heat is radiated to the magnetic steel, the magnetic steel material is heated to a certain degree, the protection of the magnetic steel material of the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized so as to prevent the demagnetization in the low-temperature starting process, the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor can be effectively protected in the low-temperature environment, the phenomena of permanent demagnetization and the like are prevented, and the motor can be smoothly started in the low-temperature environment.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic wiring diagram of the power section of the controller connected to the permanent magnet synchronous motor in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, the motor comprises a motor body 1, a first switch 2, a second switch 3, a third switch 4, a fourth switch 5, a fifth switch 6, a sixth switch 7, a frequency converter 8 and a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a method for preventing low-temperature demagnetization of a ferrite-based permanent magnet synchronous motor and realizing low-temperature starting, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the method is suitable for a three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 8. This three-phase PMSM 8 still has converter 7 and controller, converter 7 and controller line connection, the controller on the parallelly connected three IGBT module groups of group, every IGBT module group of group is internal to include the IGBT module of two switches and two series connections of establishing ties, two switches and two IGBT modules are parallelly connected the setting, wherein circuit and three-phase PMSM 8's a phase winding line connection between two switches of every group IGBT module.
The three-phase windings of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 8 are respectively a U phase, a V phase and a W phase. The series switches in the U-connected IGBT module group are respectively a first switch 1 and a fourth switch 4, the series switches in the V-connected IGBT module group are respectively a second switch 2 and a fifth switch 5, and the series switches in the W-connected IGBT module group are respectively a third switch 3 and a sixth switch 6.
Above-mentioned wiring mode, the power part through the controller forms three kinds of heating methods with 8 wiring of three-phase PMSM, is respectively:
A. the first group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a first switch 1, a fifth switch 5 and a sixth switch 6, and other switches are closed;
B. the second group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a second switch 2, a fourth switch 4 and a sixth switch 6, and other switches are closed;
C. the third group of 3 IGBTs are turned on, the turn-on switches are a third switch 3, a fourth switch 4 and a fifth switch 5, and other switches are turned off.
In the heating process, at each certain time t0, the three heating modes are switched back and forth, and each time the three heating modes are switched is one heating cycle.
In order to detect the temperature and count the heating time, an NTC ambient temperature sensor and a time counter for detecting the external ambient temperature are also arranged on the controller. And the NTC ambient temperature sensor and the time counter are respectively in signal connection with the controller.
Among the above-mentioned scheme, because there is certain air gap before three-phase PMSM 8's winding stator and the magnet steel rotor, air gap interval is very little, can be through the heating heat radiation to the magnet steel to the winding material, guarantee that the magnet steel material receives the heating of certain degree to the realization appears the demagnetization in order to prevent when the low temperature starts to the protection of ferrite machine magnet steel material.
The method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting comprises the following steps:
the NTC ambient temperature sensor on the controller is used for detecting the ambient temperature, and when the ambient temperature is lower than-40 ℃, the direct current can be injected into the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor 8 in sequence by controlling the sequence control of the 6 switches. In actual operation, the controller detects the ambient temperature, and when the ambient temperature is lower than a certain condition, direct current is automatically injected into the three-phase winding to heat the winding; when heating is carried out, the heating function is automatically closed and the motor is normally started by timing the execution time of the heating program and when the execution time of heating is greater than a certain condition.
Examples are as follows:
when the first switch 1, the fifth switch 5 and the sixth switch 6 are turned on, the second switch 2, the third switch 3 and the fourth switch 4 are turned off, at this time, the voltage of the frequency converter 7 flows in from the phase U of the motor, and flows out from the phase V, and the voltage of the frequency converter 7 acting on the voltage of the motor terminal can be controlled by controlling the duty ratio of the conduction of the phase U in the IGBT module group, namely the magnitude of the inflow current and the degree of the heating winding are controlled. At the moment, the three-phase input end of the motor is taken as a positive direction, and the current magnitude of the U-phase end is assumed to be I, so that the current magnitudes of the V-phase end and the W-phase end are-1/2I;
after the motor is electrified for a period of time, the second switch 2, the fourth switch 4 and the sixth switch 6 are opened, the first switch 1, the third switch 3 and the fifth switch 5 are closed, the motor is switched to be in a V phase, a U phase and a W phase flow out, the current of the V phase end is I, and the current of the U phase end and the W phase end is-1/2I;
after the motor is electrified for a period of time, the third switch 3, the fourth switch 4 and the fifth switch 5 are opened, the first switch 1, the second switch 2 and the sixth switch 6 are closed, the W-phase inflow of the motor is switched, the U-phase V-phase flows out, the current of the W-phase end is I, and the current of the U-phase and the V-phase end is-1/2I;
through the switching back and forth of three kinds of circular telegram modes, guarantee that the electric current of three-phase winding heating is even, guarantee that the magnet steel heats evenly in each position.
In the heating process, a time counter is started, three heating modes are switched back and forth at regular time intervals of t0, the three switching modes are used as a cycle, one cycle is counted once, when the total times is 10, the heating function is automatically closed, and the motor tries to be started normally.
Using the above described operating logic, experiments can be performed with the following results:
electric machine winding Post equilibration temperature (. degree.C.) Equilibration time (min)
U phase 80.1 8
Phase V 74.7 8
W phase 77.3 8
4A current is introduced into three UVW phases, a thermocouple is adhered to a winding of each phase of the three UVW phases to measure the final equilibrium temperature of the winding, the temperature is 80.1 ℃,74.7 ℃ and 77.3 ℃, and therefore, the experimental result can prove that the winding is heated by injecting constant current, and then heat is radiated to the magnetic steel, so that smooth starting under a low-temperature environment is feasible.
The method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting is designed in such a way, and the winding material is electrified, so that the heating heat is radiated to the magnetic steel, the magnetic steel material is heated to a certain degree, and the protection of the magnetic steel material of the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized to prevent the demagnetization from occurring when the low-temperature starting is carried out, thereby realizing the effective protection of the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor under the low-temperature environment, preventing the occurrence of phenomena such as permanent demagnetization, and smoothly realizing the starting motor under the low-temperature environment.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a prevent ferrite class PMSM low temperature demagnetization and realize method of low temperature start-up, is applicable to three-phase PMSM (8), its characterized in that: this three-phase PMSM (8) still has converter (7) and controller, converter (7) and controller line connection, the controller on three IGBT module groups of parallel connection, including the IGBT module of two series connections and two series connections in every IGBT module group, two switches and two IGBT modules are parallelly connected to be set up, wherein circuit between two switches of every IGBT module of group and a phase winding line connection of three-phase PMSM (8), the controller on still be equipped with NTC ambient temperature sensor and the time counter that detects external environment temperature, NTC ambient temperature sensor and time counter respectively with controller signal connection.
2. The method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at low temperature and realizing the low-temperature start according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: three-phase windings of the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (8) are respectively a U phase, a V phase and a W phase, serial switches in the IGBT module group connected with the U are respectively a first switch (1) and a fourth switch (4), serial switches in the IGBT module group connected with the V are respectively a second switch (2) and a fifth switch (5), and serial switches in the IGBT module group connected with the W are respectively a third switch (3) and a sixth switch (6); three heating modes are formed, which are respectively as follows:
A. the first group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a first switch (1), a fifth switch (5) and a sixth switch (6), and other switches are closed;
B. the second group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a second switch (2), a fourth switch (4) and a sixth switch (6), and other switches are closed;
C. the third group of 3 IGBTs are conducted, the conducted switches are a third switch (3), a fourth switch (4) and a fifth switch (5), and other switches are closed;
the three heating modes are switched once to form a heating cycle.
3. The method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at low temperature and realizing the low-temperature start according to claim 2, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
a. an NTC ambient temperature sensor detects whether the ambient temperature is less than-40 ℃; otherwise, entering a normal starting process; if yes, entering the next process;
b. completing N heating cycles, and counting;
c. and when the counting times are more than n, all the switches are closed, and the motor tries to start normally.
4. The method for preventing the ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from demagnetizing at low temperature and realizing the low-temperature start according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and n is 10.
CN202011519945.6A 2020-12-21 2020-12-21 Method for preventing ferrite permanent magnet synchronous motor from being demagnetized at low temperature and realizing low-temperature starting Pending CN112636641A (en)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101836677A (en) * 2010-05-21 2010-09-22 九阳股份有限公司 Soybean milk manufacturing method
JP2012070530A (en) * 2010-09-24 2012-04-05 Hitachi Appliances Inc Motor drive apparatus
CN102761300A (en) * 2012-02-20 2012-10-31 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Winding preheating and start-up method of permanent magnetic synchronous motor
CN104218868A (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-17 南京德朔实业有限公司 Rotational speed control method of impact-type fastening tool
US20150115757A1 (en) * 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 General Electric Company System and method for heating ferrite magnet motors for low temperatures
CN104753188A (en) * 2013-12-30 2015-07-01 丹佛斯(天津)有限公司 Motor, compressor and method for controlling motor or compressor
CN104923377A (en) * 2015-05-25 2015-09-23 广州派勒机械设备有限公司 Intelligent control and monitoring system of nanometer grinding equipment
CN106160615A (en) * 2016-08-03 2016-11-23 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Electric machine control system, compressor and motor heating starting method
CN109873575A (en) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-11 深圳英驱新能源有限公司 The starting method and device of electric system under automobile, ultra-low temperature surroundings
CN110281860A (en) * 2019-06-29 2019-09-27 潍柴动力股份有限公司 A kind of control method and system of shift motor

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101836677A (en) * 2010-05-21 2010-09-22 九阳股份有限公司 Soybean milk manufacturing method
JP2012070530A (en) * 2010-09-24 2012-04-05 Hitachi Appliances Inc Motor drive apparatus
CN102761300A (en) * 2012-02-20 2012-10-31 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 Winding preheating and start-up method of permanent magnetic synchronous motor
CN104218868A (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-17 南京德朔实业有限公司 Rotational speed control method of impact-type fastening tool
US20150115757A1 (en) * 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 General Electric Company System and method for heating ferrite magnet motors for low temperatures
CN104753188A (en) * 2013-12-30 2015-07-01 丹佛斯(天津)有限公司 Motor, compressor and method for controlling motor or compressor
CN104923377A (en) * 2015-05-25 2015-09-23 广州派勒机械设备有限公司 Intelligent control and monitoring system of nanometer grinding equipment
CN106160615A (en) * 2016-08-03 2016-11-23 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Electric machine control system, compressor and motor heating starting method
CN109873575A (en) * 2019-02-27 2019-06-11 深圳英驱新能源有限公司 The starting method and device of electric system under automobile, ultra-low temperature surroundings
CN110281860A (en) * 2019-06-29 2019-09-27 潍柴动力股份有限公司 A kind of control method and system of shift motor

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