CN112635599A - Composite film for photovoltaic module backboard, photovoltaic module backboard and photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Composite film for photovoltaic module backboard, photovoltaic module backboard and photovoltaic module Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112635599A
CN112635599A CN202011498721.1A CN202011498721A CN112635599A CN 112635599 A CN112635599 A CN 112635599A CN 202011498721 A CN202011498721 A CN 202011498721A CN 112635599 A CN112635599 A CN 112635599A
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photovoltaic module
percent
black
film layer
composite film
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CN202011498721.1A
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CN112635599B (en
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张秀芳
郭志球
宫欣欣
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Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Jinko Solar Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Jinko Solar Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/049—Protective back sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/712—Weather resistant
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
    • C08J2327/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
    • C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C08J2433/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
    • C08J2433/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
    • C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and provides a composite film for a photovoltaic module backboard, the photovoltaic module backboard and a photovoltaic module. The composite film comprises a white film layer and a black film layer which are laminated, wherein the white film layer comprises fluorocarbon resin, titanium dioxide, polymethyl methacrylate, a low-temperature resistant toughening agent, an ultraviolet absorbent, an antioxidant and a matting agent; the black film layer contains fluorocarbon resin, carbon black and/or metal black, titanium dioxide, polymethyl methacrylate, low-temperature resistant toughening agent, ultraviolet absorbent, antioxidant and flatting agent. The composite film provided by the invention is used as a protective layer of the outer side surface of the back plate of the photovoltaic module, so that the complete black appearance of the photovoltaic module is ensured, the output power of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the weather resistance of the back plate and the photovoltaic module is also obviously improved.

Description

Composite film for photovoltaic module backboard, photovoltaic module backboard and photovoltaic module
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and particularly relates to a composite film for a photovoltaic module backboard, the photovoltaic module backboard and a photovoltaic module.
Background
Solar energy is one of the most important clean and renewable energy sources, and a solar cell module (or photovoltaic module) is an important device for converting solar energy into electric energy.
At present, a white back plate is generally adopted by a photovoltaic module, but with the continuous expansion of the application field of the photovoltaic module, the requirements on various aspects of the module are continuously improved. Some power stations have high requirements on the appearance of components, especially in the power stations in commercial areas, the consistency and the aesthetic property of the appearance of the all-black photovoltaic components (namely, the black back plate is adopted) are more and more accepted by the public, and all large enterprises also begin to produce and research the all-black components.
Although the full-black assembly is attractive in appearance, the full-black back plate basically absorbs light, visible light received by the assembly cannot be fully utilized, the power attenuation of the assembly is large, and the power of the assembly is 11-12W lower than that of an assembly which has the same structure and uses a white back plate. In addition, in the photovoltaic module, the back sheet functions to protect the cell sheets in the photovoltaic module, and thus, there is a demand for further improvement in the weather resistance of the back sheet for the all-black module.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite film for a photovoltaic module backboard, the photovoltaic module backboard and a photovoltaic module.
In order to solve the technical problem, a first aspect of the present invention provides a composite film for a photovoltaic module back sheet, where the composite film includes a white film layer and a black film layer, which are stacked, and the white film layer includes, by mass: 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of titanium dioxide, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of flatting agent; the black film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of carbon black and/or metal black, 0 to 5 percent of titanium dioxide, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low-temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of matting agent.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module backsheet comprising the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet provided in the first aspect of the present invention. Optionally, the photovoltaic module back sheet provided by the invention sequentially comprises an inner coating layer, a PET support layer and an outer protection layer, which are stacked, wherein the outer protection layer comprises the composite film for the photovoltaic module back sheet provided by the first aspect of the invention, and a white film layer of the composite film for the photovoltaic module back sheet is close to the PET support layer.
A third aspect of the invention provides a photovoltaic assembly comprising a laminate and a frame; the laminated part sequentially comprises a transparent cover plate, a first adhesive film, a solar cell piece, a second adhesive film and the photovoltaic module back plate provided by the second aspect of the invention, wherein the transparent cover plate, the first adhesive film, the solar cell piece, the second adhesive film and the photovoltaic module back plate are stacked, and an inner coating of the photovoltaic module back plate is close to the second adhesive film; the frame is positioned on the side surface of the laminated part and seals the edge of the laminated part.
Compared with the prior art, the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard comprises the laminated white film layer and the laminated black film layer, and when the composite film is applied to the photovoltaic module backboard and the photovoltaic module, the composite film is used as a protective layer on the outer side surface of the photovoltaic module backboard, and the white film layer is arranged inside the black film layer. The black film layer on the outermost layer of the back plate ensures the black appearance of the whole photovoltaic module; the white film layer in the black film layer has the function of enabling incident light passing through the solar cell to be absorbed by the solar cell again through the reflection of the white film layer and converted into electric energy, so that the output power of the photovoltaic module is improved. Therefore, the photovoltaic module using the composite film and the back plate provided by the invention can maximize the utilization rate of solar energy. The composite film provided by the invention is used as a protective layer of the outer side surface of the back plate of the photovoltaic module, so that the complete black appearance of the photovoltaic module is ensured, the output power of the photovoltaic module is improved, and the weather resistance of the back plate and the photovoltaic module is also obviously improved.
In the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard, the white film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80-90% of fluorocarbon resin, 2-5% of titanium dioxide, 2-10% of polymethyl methacrylate, 3-5% of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.5-1% of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.5-1% of antioxidant and 0.5-1% of flatting agent; the black film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 2 to 8 percent of carbon black and/or metal black, 0.5 to 1 percent of titanium dioxide, 2 to 10 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 3 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.5 to 1 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.5 to 1 percent of antioxidant and 0.5 to 1 percent of matting agent.
The thickness of the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard is 25-50 microns, and preferably 35-42 microns. Optionally, in the composite film for the photovoltaic module back plate provided by the invention, the thickness of the black film layer is 10-20 μm, and preferably 12-15 μm. Optionally, in the composite film for the photovoltaic module back plate provided by the invention, the thickness of the white film layer is 15-30 μm, and preferably 23-28 μm.
By adjusting the film layer composition thickness of the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard, the appearance, the reflectivity and the weather resistance of the backboard can be effectively adjusted, and the photovoltaic module has a full black appearance and excellent power and weather resistance by the minimum backboard thickness in the preferred range provided by the invention.
In the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard, the metal black contained in the black film layer is at least one selected from copper chromium black, chromium iron black and iron oxide black.
The advantage of adding metal black to the black film layer over carbon black is that: the carbon black is basically in a full absorption state in an infrared band and has no reflection capability; and the metal black can reflect the light of the infrared band, can show the utilization efficiency who promotes the light of infrared band.
The composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard further comprises a transparent adhesive layer between the white film layer and the black film layer, wherein the adhesive layer is selected from epoxy resin or polyurethane.
In the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard, the fluorocarbon resin contained in the black film layer and the white film layer comprises at least one of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
According to the invention, a large amount of fluorocarbon resin is used in the black film layer and the white film layer, and the use of the fluorocarbon resin has a good effect of improving the weather resistance of the black film layer and the white film layer.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a composite film for a photovoltaic module backsheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module backsheet according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a laminate in a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Composite film for photovoltaic module backboard
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a composite film for a photovoltaic module backsheet, and fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the composite film for a photovoltaic module backsheet according to some embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the composite film 10 for photovoltaic module backsheet includes a white film layer 101 and a black film layer 102 which are laminated. The white film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of titanium dioxide, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of flatting agent; the black film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of carbon black and/or metal black, 0 to 5 percent of titanium dioxide, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low-temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of matting agent.
The composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard comprises a laminated white film layer and a laminated black film layer, and when the composite film is applied to the photovoltaic module backboard and a photovoltaic module, the composite film is used as a protective layer on the outer side surface of the photovoltaic module backboard, and the white film layer is arranged inside the composite film, and the black film layer is arranged outside the composite film. Based on the components and the proportion of the white film layer and the black film layer provided by the invention, the composite film has the following technical effects: the black film layer ensures the black appearance of the photovoltaic module backboard; meanwhile, the back plate with the black appearance can not completely absorb infrared band light in incident light passing through the solar cell, and reflects the infrared band light under the action of the white film layer, so that the infrared band light is absorbed by the solar cell again and is converted into electric energy, and the output power of the photovoltaic module is improved. Under the action of the composite film provided by the embodiment of the invention, the utilization rate of solar energy of the photovoltaic module is maximized. However, the composite film provided by the embodiment of the invention is used as a protective layer on the outer side surface of the back plate of the photovoltaic module, and the weather resistance of the back plate and the photovoltaic module is also obviously improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the white film layer comprises, by mass percent: 80-90% of fluorocarbon resin, 2-5% of titanium dioxide, 2-10% of polymethyl methacrylate, 3-5% of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.5-1% of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.5-1% of antioxidant and 0.5-1% of flatting agent; the black film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 2 to 8 percent of carbon black and/or metal black, 0.5 to 1 percent of titanium dioxide, 2 to 10 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 3 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.5 to 1 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.5 to 1 percent of antioxidant and 0.5 to 1 percent of matting agent.
In the embodiment of the invention, the mass percentages of the fluorocarbon resin and the titanium dioxide in the white film layer and the carbon black (and/or metal black) in the black film layer play an important role in the black appearance, reflectivity and weather resistance of the back plate. According to some embodiments of the invention, the technical effect of the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard is further improved by optimizing the mass percentage of the components.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the composite film for photovoltaic module back sheets is 25 to 50 μm, preferably 35 to 42 μm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the black film layer is 10 to 20 μm, preferably 12 to 15 μm.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the white film layer is 15 to 30 μm, preferably 23 to 28 μm.
Further, some embodiments of the present invention may achieve effective adjustment of the appearance, reflectivity, and weatherability of the back sheet by adjusting the thickness of the white film layer and the black film layer in the composite film and the total thickness of the composite film, thereby achieving the best all-black appearance, higher power, and excellent weatherability with the minimum thickness of the back sheet and cost of the back sheet.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the metal black included in the black film layer is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper chromium black, ferrochrome black, and iron oxide black.
The advantage of adding metal black to the black film layer over carbon black is that: the carbon black is basically in a full absorption state in an infrared band and has no reflection capability; and the metal black can reflect the light of the infrared band, can show the utilization efficiency who promotes the light of infrared band.
The composite film for the photovoltaic module back sheet provided in some embodiments of the present invention further includes a transparent adhesive layer between the white film layer and the black film layer, wherein the adhesive layer is selected from epoxy resin or polyurethane.
In some embodiments of the composite film for photovoltaic module back sheets provided in the present invention, the fluorocarbon resin included in the black film layer and the white film layer includes at least one of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the low temperature resistant toughening agent may be selected from conventional low temperature resistant toughening agents such as acrylates with core-shell structure, methacrylate elastomers, liquid nitrile rubbers, and the like. These low temperature resistant tougheners are commercially available.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the uv absorber may be selected from conventional uv absorbers such as triazines, benzotriazoles, benzophenones, and the like. These ultraviolet absorbers are commercially available.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the antioxidant may be selected from conventional antioxidants such as hindered phenols, phosphites, and the like. These antioxidants are commercially available.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the matting agent can be selected from conventional matting agents such as silica particles, polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, barium sulfate particles, and the like. These matting agents are commercially available.
Photovoltaic module backboard
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic module backsheet including the composite film for a photovoltaic module backsheet provided by the first aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module backsheet according to some embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the photovoltaic module backsheet 1 sequentially includes an inner coating layer 12, a PET support layer 11, and an outer protection layer 10, where the outer protection layer 10 includes the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet provided in the first aspect of the present invention, and a white film layer 101 of the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet is close to the PET support layer 11, and a black film layer 102 of the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet is laminated on a surface of the white film layer 101 away from the PET support layer 11.
Photovoltaic module
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic module, which includes a laminate and a frame, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the laminate according to some embodiments of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the laminate comprises a transparent cover plate 5, a first adhesive film 4, a solar cell sheet 3, a second adhesive film 2 and a photovoltaic module back plate 1 provided by the second aspect of the invention, which are laminated in sequence, and an inner coating of the photovoltaic module back plate 1 is close to the second adhesive film; the frame is positioned on the side surface of the laminated part and seals the edge of the laminated part.
The preparation of the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet, the photovoltaic module backsheet, and the photovoltaic module in the embodiments of the present invention may be performed by those skilled in the art by selecting a conventional method, and the following are some examples.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the composite film for photovoltaic module back sheets of the present invention can be prepared by co-extrusion in an extruder through multiple flow channels: 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of titanium dioxide, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of flatting agent are mixed, stirred, melted and extruded for granulation to obtain white particles. 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of carbon black and/or metal black, 0 to 5 percent of titanium dioxide, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of flatting agent are mixed, stirred, melted, extruded and granulated to obtain black particles. And respectively melting the black and white particles in different runners of the extruder at high temperature, conveying the molten black and white particles to a multi-runner co-extrusion machine head, and extruding by controlling the outflow speed of the black and white particles in the runners to obtain the composite films with different thickness ratios.
The above preparation method is exemplified by a co-extrusion process, and of course, a person skilled in the art can also control the ratio of the black film to the white film by controlling the flow rates of different runners by a blow molding method, a casting method and the like. The process parameters in the preparation process can be referred to the conventional fluorine film manufacturing process and are not described in detail herein.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the composite film for photovoltaic module back sheets according to the present invention can also be obtained by separately preparing a white film layer and a black film layer by a conventional method such as a blow molding method or a casting method, and then attaching the black film layer to the surface of the white film layer by epoxy resin or polyurethane.
After the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard is prepared, the composite film can be adhered to the outer surface of the PET supporting layer through corona treatment to prepare the backboard, and the backboard can be applied to any photovoltaic module.
Examples of the invention
The advantages of the present application are further illustrated below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples. The materials used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by commercial purchase. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
Examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 8
(1) Preparing a composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard: mixing, stirring and melting fluorocarbon resin (PVDF), titanium dioxide, polymethyl methacrylate, a low-temperature resistant toughening agent (acrylate elastomer), an ultraviolet absorbent (triazines, benzotriazoles), an antioxidant (hindered phenol) and a flatting agent (silicon dioxide particles), and extruding and granulating to obtain white particles. Mixing, stirring and melting fluorocarbon resin (PVDF), carbon black and/or metal black, titanium dioxide, polymethyl methacrylate, a low-temperature resistant toughening agent (acrylate elastomer), an ultraviolet absorbent (triazines, benzotriazoles), an antioxidant (hindered phenol) and a flatting agent (silicon dioxide particles), and extruding and granulating to obtain black particles. The black and white particles are respectively fused at high temperature in different runners of the extruder and then conveyed to a multi-runner co-extrusion machine head, and the composite films with different thicknesses are obtained by extrusion through controlling the outflow speed of the black and white particles in the runners.
(2) And carrying out corona treatment on the prepared composite film so as to paste the composite film on the outer surface of the PET supporting layer of the photovoltaic module backboard, thus preparing the photovoltaic module backboard. The photovoltaic module backboard comprises a white film layer of a laminated inner coating, a PET supporting layer and a composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard and a black film layer of the composite film for the photovoltaic module backboard in sequence.
(3) And preparing the prepared back plate into a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises a laminating piece and a frame, wherein the laminating piece sequentially comprises a transparent cover plate, a first adhesive film, a solar cell piece, a second adhesive film and a photovoltaic module back plate which are laminated, and an inner coating of the photovoltaic module back plate is close to the second adhesive film; the frame is positioned on the side surface of the laminated part and seals the edge of the laminated part.
In addition, comparative examples 7 and 8 are provided, wherein comparative example 7 is a photovoltaic module using an all white backsheet, and comparative example 8 is a photovoltaic module using an all black backsheet.
The technical parameters of the photovoltaic module back sheet films in examples 1 to 10 and comparative examples 1 to 8 are shown in tables 1 to 2. Wherein, the mass percentage content and thickness of each component of the white film layer are shown in table 1, and the mass percentage content and thickness of each component of the black film layer are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002842974930000081
Figure BDA0002842974930000091
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002842974930000092
And carrying out appearance observation, infrared reflectivity detection, fluorine film weather resistance test, backboard weather resistance and photovoltaic module power detection on the photovoltaic modules in the embodiments 1-10 and the comparative examples 1-8. The detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) observing the appearance of the back plate: and (5) checking whether the air surface of the back plate is completely black and flat under natural light.
(2) Detecting the infrared reflectivity of the back plate: an ultraviolet spectrophotometer is adopted to detect the infrared light reflectivity of 860-1100 nm.
(3) Photovoltaic module power detection: testing by adopting a component IV tester according to IEC61215 standard
(4) Weather resistance of the fluorine film: respectively placing the fluorine films into corresponding experimental boxes, testing UV120, UV30+ DH1000, UV60+ TC200, DH2000 and PCT96 according to IEC61215 test specifications, cutting the fluorine films into small strips of 10CM x 1CM after the tests are finished, and testing the elongation at break in the TD direction by using a universal material testing machine
(5) Backing panel weatherability: the back plate is packaged into a mini small assembly together with a battery and other auxiliary materials, a tightening sequence aging test (TC200, DH200+ UV30+ HF10+ UV30+ TC200) is respectively carried out, and whether the fluorine film layer of the back plate cracks or not is observed after the test is finished
The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002842974930000101
Figure BDA0002842974930000111
From the data in Table 3, it can be seen that the fluorine film prepared by the filler ratios in example 2 has the best performance. This black and white membrane has black, white two-layer, and the black layer guarantees the full black outward appearance of subassembly, adopts metal black filler to replace traditional carbon black simultaneously can effectively promote the backplate reflective capacity, and the white membrane of inlayer also has good infrared reflective capacity in addition. Therefore, the black and white film obtained by the method has the light reflecting capacity equivalent to that of a white film, so that the power of the assembly is equivalent to that of a full white film assembly, and the power of the assembly is improved by 9W compared with that of a conventional carbon black filler full black assembly. In the aspect of weather resistance, the all-black fluorine film prepared by the conventional carbon black filler has poor weather resistance, and the white film has better weather resistance. The black and white film has the same level as the white film due to the addition of the white layer, which improves the weather resistance of the film.
From the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2, it can be seen that the mass percentages of the fluorocarbon resin and the titanium dioxide in the white film layer have influence on the mechanical property, the weather resistance and the light reflection rate of the film, so that the mass percentage of the fluorocarbon resin in the white film layer is preferably 80-90%, and the mass percentage of the titanium dioxide is preferably 2-5%.
In example 4, carbon black was used instead of the metal black of example 2, and since the light reflectivity of carbon black to infrared band was significantly reduced compared to that of metal black, the power of the assembly was reduced by about 9W compared to example 2.
As can be seen from examples 5 to 7 and comparative examples 3 to 4, when the thickness of the black film layer is too small, white stripes are mixed on the black surface of the appearance; when the thickness of the black film layer is too large, the cost is increased along with the increase of the thickness of the black film layer, but the film performance and the assembly power are not greatly increased. Therefore, the thickness of the black film layer is 10 to 20 μm, preferably 12 to 15 μm.
From examples 8-10 and comparative examples 5-6, it can be seen that when the thickness of the white film layer is too small, the reflectivity, weather resistance and device power of the film layer are not good; when the thickness of the white film layer is too large, the cost is increased along with the increase of the thickness of the white film layer, but the film performance and the assembly power are not greatly increased. Therefore, the thickness of the white film layer is 15 to 30 μm, preferably 23 to 28 μm.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the present invention is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A composite film for a photovoltaic module backsheet, characterized in that the composite film comprises a white film layer and a black film layer which are laminated,
the white film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of titanium dioxide, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of flatting agent;
the black film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 1 to 10 percent of carbon black and/or metal black, 0 to 20 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 0 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.1 to 2 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.1 to 2 percent of antioxidant and 0.1 to 2 percent of flatting agent.
2. The composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet according to claim 1, wherein,
the white film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80-90% of fluorocarbon resin, 2-5% of titanium dioxide, 2-10% of polymethyl methacrylate, 3-5% of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.5-1% of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.5-1% of antioxidant and 0.5-1% of flatting agent;
the black film layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 80 to 90 percent of fluorocarbon resin, 2 to 8 percent of carbon black and/or metal black, 0.5 to 1 percent of titanium dioxide, 2 to 10 percent of polymethyl methacrylate, 3 to 5 percent of low temperature resistant toughening agent, 0.5 to 1 percent of ultraviolet absorbent, 0.5 to 1 percent of antioxidant and 0.5 to 1 percent of matting agent.
3. The composite film for photovoltaic module back sheets according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the composite film is 25 to 50 μm, preferably 35 to 42 μm.
4. The composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet according to claim 1, wherein,
the thickness of the black film layer is 10-20 μm, preferably 12-15 μm, and/or:
the thickness of the white film layer is 15-30 μm, and preferably 23-28 μm.
5. The composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the metal black is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper chromium black, ferrochrome black, and iron oxide black.
6. The composite film for photovoltaic module back sheets according to claim 1, further comprising a transparent adhesive layer between the white film layer and the black film layer, wherein the adhesive layer is selected from epoxy resin or polyurethane.
7. The composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon resin comprises at least one of polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
8. A photovoltaic module backsheet comprising the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The photovoltaic module backsheet according to claim 8, comprising an inner coating layer, a PET support layer and an outer protective layer laminated in this order, the outer protective layer comprising the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and a white film layer of the composite film for photovoltaic module backsheet being adjacent to the PET support layer.
10. A photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising a laminated part and a frame;
the laminated piece sequentially comprises a transparent cover plate, a first adhesive film, a solar cell sheet, a second adhesive film and the photovoltaic module back plate as claimed in claim 9, wherein the inner coating of the photovoltaic module back plate is close to the second adhesive film;
the frame is positioned on the side surface of the laminated part and seals the edge of the laminated part.
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