WO2023212989A1 - High-light-transmittance and water-vapor-transmission-resistant photovoltaic module, manufacturing method therefor, and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a high-light-transmittance and water-vapor-transmission-resistant photovoltaic module, a manufacturing method therefor, and the use thereof. Said photovoltaic module comprises a flexible light-transmission front sheet, a cell and a flexible back sheet which are laminated and combined into a whole, at least the outer surface of the flexible light-transmission front sheet being integrally provided with a front sheet water-blocking vapor deposition film, and/or at least the outer surface of the flexible back sheet being integrally provided with a back sheet water-blocking vapor deposition film. The photovoltaic module provided by the present invention has both outstanding and excellent light transmission and water vapor transmission resistance performance, and helps to raise the technical level of photovoltaic module encapsulation in respect of water vapor transmission resistance, solving the technical problems faced by a photovoltaic module in an installation environment of high humidity, and meanwhile, overcoming flexible encapsulation difficulty faced by a photovoltaic module having high sensitivity to water vapor.

Description

A photovoltaic module with high light transmission and water vapor transmission resistance and its preparation method and application

This application is required to be submitted to the Patent Office of the State Intellectual Property Office of China on May 4, 2022. The application number is 2022104772689, and the invention name is "A lightweight photovoltaic module with high light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission and its preparation method and application" ’s Chinese patent application priority, the entire content of which is incorporated into this application by reference.

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic module with high light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission. The invention also relates to a preparation method and application of the photovoltaic module.

Background technique

Reliability, safety and low cost are requirements that any energy product must meet at the same time. In the past few decades, the photovoltaic industry has reduced the cost of photovoltaic products by as much as 300 times in the past 40 years through continuous and high-quality focused research and development to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency. The main means are the localization and automation of supply chains and production equipment. Of course, these have been very significant and effective in the past few decades in reducing the cost of photovoltaic cells almost to the extreme. Both the limit of conversion efficiency and the production scale effect are about to encounter bottlenecks. Therefore, photovoltaic module products still need more technological innovation.

On the one hand, the applicant noted that the price of photovoltaic modules and photovoltaic cells twenty years ago was much higher than the price of their packaging structures. The initial photovoltaic module products had to use heavy glass and thick aluminum frames, etc. The packaging structure carefully protects the golden photovoltaic cells and maximizes the power generation effect of the cells. However, as photovoltaic cells have reached the ultimate cost level through technological innovation in recent decades, this has caused a reversal in the distribution of the cost structure of cells and packaging materials in photovoltaic module products. The cost of packaging materials has begun to increase. Exceeding the cost of cells, that is to say, cells are relatively cheap, so new photovoltaic module cell structure technologies such as bifacial, half-cell, and shingled have emerged to maximize the utilization of packaging materials through this structure. People have changed from "protecting batteries" to "protecting packaging materials".

On the other hand, in some specific application scenarios of photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic modules are required to have excellent resistance to water vapor transmission and at the same time meet good light transmittance; specifically, in order to meet their own needs, heterojunction HJT photovoltaic modules Due to strict requirements on waterproof vapor transmission effect, double-sided glass is usually used for packaging. The overall packaging weight is heavy and the bending resistance is poor, which is very unfavorable for flexible installation. Perovskite, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, etc. Various types of thin-film photovoltaic modules are very sensitive to water vapor, and their power generation work will be significantly attenuated in high-humidity environments, resulting in low power generation efficiency. Therefore, thin-film photovoltaic modules are difficult to apply in high-humidity installation environments.

In addition, in order to effectively utilize water surface resources and save land installation area, existing technology has proposed using water surface photovoltaic installation solutions. At the same time, the photovoltaic modules in the water surface photovoltaic installation solution are installed close to the water surface. Water heat dissipation can also be used to reduce the operating temperature and increase the photovoltaic modules. power generation, so the market prospects of water surface photovoltaic installation solutions are promising by GF. However, most of the photovoltaic modules currently used in water surface photovoltaics still use typical glass-encapsulated photovoltaic modules, which have poor bending resistance, resulting in poor wind and wave resistance, and poor heat dissipation when installed on brackets; some solutions use thin-film photovoltaic modules. , As mentioned above, because thin film photovoltaic modules are very sensitive to water vapor, their power generation efficiency when applied in water surface photovoltaic environments is low.

To this end, the applicant decided to conduct targeted and innovative research on this issue and seek new photovoltaic module packaging solutions to solve the technical difficulties currently faced by photovoltaic modules in high-humidity installation environments or photovoltaic modules that are highly sensitive to water vapor. Difficulties faced by flexible packaging.

Contents of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module with high light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission, its preparation method and application. The photovoltaic module has outstanding light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission at the same time, which is beneficial to the advancement of It improves the technical level of photovoltaic module packaging in terms of water vapor permeability resistance, solves the technical difficulties faced by photovoltaic modules in high-humidity installation environments, and overcomes the difficulties in flexible packaging faced by photovoltaic modules that are highly sensitive to water vapor.

Before proposing the technical solution of this application, the applicant conducted research on the current development status of barrier films for photovoltaic modules in the prior art and found that barrier films mostly use thermoplastic polymers with excellent waterproof vapor permeability, and the typical material used is PET. , however, the level of waterproof vapor permeability achieved is still limited, and it cannot meet the packaging requirements of specific types of photovoltaic modules that are very sensitive to water vapor. It is also difficult to apply in high-humidity installation environments for a long time, and it cannot avoid light reflection problems; from another perspective On the other hand, in order to reduce the reflection problem existing in the light-receiving surface encapsulation layer, resulting in light loss, and in order to increase the effective amount of light, existing technologies have proposed to provide an anti-reflection film layer on the front of the glass-encapsulated photovoltaic module. The applicant has also proposed to install an anti-reflection film layer on the front of the photovoltaic module. An anti-reflective layer (patent application number: 202123047318. Obtained, by reducing light reflection, the light transmission effect of the photovoltaic module is increased. However, these anti-reflection layers cannot achieve a high level of waterproof vapor transmission performance. Based on years of dedicated innovative research in the field of photovoltaic packaging, the applicant finally proposed the following technical solution of this application.

The technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

A photovoltaic component with high light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission, including a flexible light-transmitting front plate, a battery sheet and a flexible back plate that are laminated and combined into one body; wherein, at least the outer surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate is integrally provided with The front plate has a water-blocking vapor deposition film, and/or, at least the outer surface of the flexible back plate is integrally provided with a back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film.

Preferably, the material of the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film/and the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film is a light-transmitting inorganic oxide and/or a light-transmitting inorganic nitride.

Preferably, the material of the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film/and back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film is aluminum oxide and/or silicon dioxide and/or silicon nitride.

Preferably, the thickness of the water-blocking vapor-deposited film on the front plate and/or the water-blocking vapor-deposited film on the back plate ranges from 10 to 500 nm.

Preferably, the thickness of the water-blocking vapor deposition film of the front plate is in the range of 50-300 nm, which is used to enhance the interference effect of reflected light on the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic module and reduce the loss of reflected light.

Preferably, the flexible light-transmitting front panel is made of thermoplastic polymer or fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting coating composite fiber cloth; and/or the flexible back panel is made of thermoplastic polymer, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting polymer. Coating composite fiber cloth.

Preferably, the battery sheet is a crystalline silicon battery sheet or an amorphous silicon thin film type battery sheet; and/or the battery sheet is a homojunction battery sheet or a heterojunction HJT battery sheet; and/or the battery sheet is Single-sided or double-sided cells.

Preferably, the water vapor transmittance of the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film and/or the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film is ≤0.2g/ ^m2 ·24h, and its light transmittance in the wavelength range of 380-1100nm is not less than 0.2g/m2·24h. Below 90%.

Preferably, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described above, in which the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film and/or are produced on at least one surface of a flexible light-transmissive front plate or a flexible back plate by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition. Or backplane water-blocking vapor deposition film.

Preferably, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described above is to vapor-deposit a water-blocking vapor deposition film material on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module through physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition, so that the outer surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate The surface is formed to obtain the water-blocking vapor deposition film of the front plate, and/or the outer surface of the flexible back plate is formed to obtain the water-blocking vapor deposition film of the back plate.

Preferably, an application of a photovoltaic module as described above, the photovoltaic module is installed on the water surface.

Preferably, the photovoltaic module is installed on a waterproof membrane material, and the waterproof membrane material is installed and connected to the water surface floating body, and the water surface floating body achieves the positioning and installation effect through the anchoring structure.

Preferably, the photovoltaic module is installed on the support base; wherein, the two ends of the support base are installed and connected to the water surface floating body, and the water surface floating body achieves the positioning and installation effect through the anchoring structure; wherein the support base and the water surface floating body are installed and connected correspondingly. Hollows are provided between the photovoltaic modules to prevent water flow from gathering on the support base.

It should be noted that the thickness data of the deposited film mentioned in the full text of this application is obtained by testing according to the GB/T13452.2-2008 standard; the water vapor transmittance data is obtained by testing according to the GB/T31034-2014 standard; the light transmittance data is obtained by testing according to the GB/T31034-2014 standard. ISO9050-2003 standard test is obtained; bending resistance data is obtained according to the internal enterprise standard test established by the applicant.

This application first proposes a flexible light-transmitting front plate, a cell sheet and a flexible back plate that are laminated together as the structure of the photovoltaic module of this application, to avoid the heavy packaging weight and very poor bending resistance caused by glass packaging. Technical problem, based on this structure, this application proposes for the first time to produce a water-blocking vapor deposition film for the front plate and a water-blocking vapor deposition film for the back plate on the flexible light-transmitting front plate and/or the flexible back plate according to the corresponding vapor deposition. The vapor deposition material adopts The applicant surprisingly found that when a light-transmitting inorganic oxide and/or a light-transmitting inorganic nitride is used to obtain a light-transmitting inorganic oxide and/or a light-transmitting inorganic nitride on its corresponding encapsulation layer through a well-known vapor deposition process The deposited film has outstanding waterproof vapor permeability. At the same time, it was also surprisingly discovered that the deposited film can produce a reflected light interference effect on its surface, thereby effectively reducing the loss of reflected light from the encapsulation layer. Therefore, the photovoltaic module proposed in this application At the same time, it has outstanding light transmission and water vapor transmission resistance performance, which helps to advance the technical level of water vapor transmission resistance of photovoltaic module packaging and solves the technical problems faced by photovoltaic modules in high-humidity installation environments. It overcomes the difficulty of flexible packaging faced by photovoltaic modules that are highly sensitive to water vapor.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layer structure of a photovoltaic module according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a top view of the water surface photovoltaic installation structure in Embodiment 10 of the present utility model;

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a top view of the water surface photovoltaic installation structure in Embodiment 11, 12 or 13 of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the water surface photovoltaic installation structure in Embodiment 11 of the present utility model;

Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the water surface photovoltaic installation structure in Embodiment 12 or 13 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a photovoltaic module with high light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission, including a flexible light-transmitting front plate, a battery sheet and a flexible back plate that are laminated and combined into one body; wherein at least the outer surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate The surface is integrally provided with a front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film, and/or, at least the outer surface of the flexible back plate is integrally provided with a back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the materials of the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film/and the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film are light-transmitting inorganic oxides and/or light-transmitting inorganic nitrides; further preferably, in this embodiment, , the material of the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film/and the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film is aluminum oxide and/or silicon dioxide and/or silicon nitride; it should be noted that in other embodiments, the technology in the art Personnel can use other suitable light-transmitting inorganic oxides and/or light-transmitting inorganic nitrides with similar effects to implement this application, and it is expected that similar technical effects can be obtained. These implementation changes all fall within the implementation scope of this application.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the material of the flexible light-transmitting front plate is thermoplastic polymer or fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting coating composite fiber cloth, and other well-known flexible light-transmitting front plates can also be used; preferably, in this embodiment In the embodiment, the material of the flexible backsheet is a thermoplastic polymer or a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer or a thermosetting coating composite fiber cloth. Other well-known flexible backsheets can also be used; among which, the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer can be specifically a continuous fiber-reinforced composite fiber cloth. Thermoplastic polymer; To further expand, the thermoplastic polymer in this embodiment can preferably be PET (condensation polymer of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol), TPO (polyolefin thermoplastic polymer), PP ( Polypropylene), PC (polycarbonate), PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate), PE (polyethylene), PS (polystyrene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene- Styrene) copolymer or fluorine film material, a mixture of these materials can also be used; the continuous fiber in this embodiment can preferably be glass fiber or carbon fiber or natural fiber (such as hemp fiber, bamboo fiber, etc.) or basalt fiber or carbon fiber or Aramid fiber or other well-known fibers, mixed fibers of these fibers can also be used; the thermosetting coating in this embodiment can be a thermosetting coating powder coating or a thermosetting liquid coating, preferably a thermosetting coating powder coating, specifically preferably a thermosetting coating powder coating It can be acrylic powder coating, polyester (including polyurethane) powder coating, epoxy resin powder, fluorocarbon powder coating or other well-known powder coatings, and mixed powder coatings of these powder coatings can also be used; specifically preferably, continuous fiber reinforced composite For thermoplastic polymers, you can directly refer to CN201921204030.9; for thermosetting coating composite fiber cloth, you can directly refer to CN201610685536.0, CN201610685240.9, and CN201610927464.6.

In order to help the photovoltaic module obtain a better anti-reflection effect while ensuring the reliability of its water vapor permeability resistance, preferably, in this embodiment, the front plate has a water-blocking vapor deposition film and/or the back plate has a water-blocking vapor deposition film. The thickness range is 10-500nm, more preferably 30-500nm, further preferably 55-500nm.

Since conventional photovoltaic modules usually use single-sided cells, the flexible light-transmitting front plate is located on the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic module. In order to further improve the reflected light loss of the photovoltaic module on its light-receiving surface, preferably, in this embodiment, the front plate blocks The thickness range of the water vapor deposition film is 50-300nm, more preferably 80-250nm, further preferably 100-200nm, which is used to enhance the reflected light interference effect of the photovoltaic module on its light-receiving surface and reduce the loss of reflected light; technology in this field During actual implementation, the applicant suggests that the thickness of the water-blocking vapor deposition film can be determined by combining the material of the water-blocking vapor deposition film and referring to its interference effect on reflected light. This embodiment will not elaborate on this one by one. Note: When the flexible backsheet does not have light transmittance requirements, the thickness of the water-blocking vapor deposition film on the backsheet can be increased according to actual needs to further improve the reliability of the water vapor permeability resistance.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the water vapor transmittance of the water-blocking vapor-deposited film on the front plate and the water-blocking vapor-deposited film on the back plate is ≤0.2g/m ² ·24h, and their light transmittance in the wavelength range of 380-1100nm The rate is not less than 90%, which is obviously superior to the existing conventional water-blocking film or anti-reflection film. Since the water-blocking vapor deposition film in this application is not an independent layer structure, during the test, this application uses it Pre-made on the corresponding packaging layer, and then perform targeted testing on the packaging layer to obtain relevant data performance; at the same time, the obtained photovoltaic module has superior flexible installation effect (resistance to bending times reaches more than 100,000 times, resistance to The bending test is conducted in accordance with the internal enterprise standards set by the applicant), and the packaging weight is light (the packaging weight usually does not exceed 3.5Kg/ ^m2 ), which is obviously superior to traditional glass-encapsulated photovoltaic modules.

Since the embodiment of the present application proposes a front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film and a back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film structure with outstanding waterproof vapor permeability and anti-reflection effect, it is preferred that in this embodiment, the The cells can be crystalline silicon cells or amorphous silicon thin film cells (sensitive to water vapor transmission); the cells used can be homojunction cells or heterojunction HJT cells ( Very sensitive to water vapor transmission), or other structural cells that are very sensitive to water vapor transmission; the cells used can be single-sided cells or double-sided cells, among which, when the cells are selected When using double-sided cells, the flexible backsheet also serves as the light-receiving surface. The flexible backsheet can refer to the implementation of the flexible light-transmitting front plate. The water-blocking vapor deposition film on the backboard can also refer to the relevant parameters and specifications of the water-blocking vapor deposition film on the front plate. , to further improve the anti-reflection effect, these are conventional technical means that those skilled in the art can make based on the content described in this application.

Preferably, in this embodiment, a method for preparing a photovoltaic module as described above in this embodiment, before the photovoltaic module is laminated, at least one surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate or the flexible back plate is physically The front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film and/or the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film are produced by vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition, and then are laminated using a known photovoltaic module lamination process.

Preferably, in another variant embodiment, a method for preparing a photovoltaic component as described above in this embodiment, after the photovoltaic component is laminated, a physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition method is used on the outer surface of the photovoltaic component. The water-blocking vapor-deposited film material is vapor-deposited to form the outer surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate to form a water-blocking vapor-deposited film for the front plate, and/or to form the outer surface of the flexible back plate to form a water-blocking vapor-deposited film for the back plate.

Preferably, in this embodiment, physical vapor deposition can specifically adopt vacuum evaporation coating, vacuum sputtering coating, vacuum ion plating or other well-known physical vapor deposition methods, and chemical vapor deposition can specifically adopt PECVD or ALD atomic layer deposition or other methods. It is a well-known chemical vapor deposition method; this application has no special innovation restrictions on this. You can directly refer to the known chemical deposition technology to ensure the maturity of the production process route adopted in this application.

It should be noted that in actual applications, both sides of the photovoltaic module usually have water vapor permeability resistance requirements. Therefore, during implementation, the photovoltaic module is usually equipped with a front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film and a back plate water-blocking film respectively. Vapor deposition film; of course, it is not excluded that when a specific photovoltaic module only has water vapor permeability resistance requirements on one side, the front panel water-blocking vapor deposition film or the back panel water-blocking vapor deposition film can be made separately.

Further preferably, in this embodiment, the water-blocking vapor deposition film materials used for the water-blocking vapor deposition film on the front plate and the water-blocking vapor deposition film on the back plate may be the same or different; the thicknesses may be the same or different. Identical; they can be made using the same vapor deposition process, or they can be made using different vapor deposition processes; there are no special limitations in the implementation of this application.

Preferably, in this embodiment, an application of the photovoltaic module as described above in this embodiment is to install the photovoltaic module on the water surface. Of course, it can also be applied in other high-humidity installation environments.

When the photovoltaic module is installed on the water surface, preferably, in this embodiment, the photovoltaic module is installed on the waterproof membrane material, the waterproof membrane material is installed and connected to the water surface floating body, and the water surface floating body achieves the positioning and installation effect through the anchoring structure; in another In a modified embodiment, you can also choose: the photovoltaic modules are installed on the bracket base; wherein, the two ends of the bracket base are installed and connected to the water surface floating body, and the water surface floating body achieves the positioning and installation effect through the anchoring structure; wherein, the bracket base and the photovoltaic module are connected. There are hollow parts in between to prevent water flow from gathering on the base of the bracket.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described The embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Embodiment 1: Based on the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a photovoltaic module 1 with high light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission includes a flexible light-transmitting front plate 10 and a cell sheet laminated into one body. 20 and a flexible backsheet 30; among them, the flexible light-transmitting front plate 10 is made of acrylic powder coating composite glass fiber cloth with a thickness of about 0.7mm, the battery sheet 20 is made of single-sided crystalline silicon battery sheet, and the flexible backsheet 30 is made of glass fiber reinforced PP. Thermoplastic polymer unidirectional tape laminated structure, thickness is approximately 2mm;

After the photovoltaic module is laminated, aluminum oxide is vapor-deposited on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module 1 through PECVD, so that the outer surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate 10 is formed to obtain a front plate water-blocking vapor-deposited film 40 with a thickness of about 150 nm, making the flexible The outer surface of the back plate 30 is formed to obtain a back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film 50 with a thickness of approximately 450 nm.

Embodiment 2: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 2 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 2, before the photovoltaic modules are laminated, one surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate is pre-coated by vacuum evaporation. Methods: A water-blocking vapor deposition film (the deposition material is aluminum oxide) is made on the front plate, and a water-blocking vapor deposition film (the deposition material is silicon dioxide) on the back plate is made by PECVD method in advance on one surface of the flexible back plate.

Embodiment 3: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 3 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 3, silicon nitride is used as the deposition material.

Embodiment 4: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 4 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 4, the battery cells are double-sided crystalline silicon cells, and the thickness of the backplane water-blocking vapor deposition film is about 150 nm.

Embodiment 5: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 5 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 5, both the flexible light-transmitting front plate and the flexible back plate are made of PET boards with a thickness of about 0.5 mm.

Embodiment 6: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 6 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 6, the flexible light-transmitting front plate and the flexible back plate are both TPO boards with a thickness of about 0.3mm.

Embodiment 7: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 7 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 7, the battery sheet adopts a single-sided heterojunction HJT battery sheet.

Embodiment 8: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 8 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 8, the battery sheet is a single-sided perovskite thin film battery sheet.

Embodiment 9: The remaining technical solutions of this Embodiment 9 are the same as those of Embodiment 1. The difference is that in this Embodiment 9, the battery sheet uses a single-sided cadmium telluride thin film battery sheet.

Embodiment 10: This embodiment 10 proposes a water surface photovoltaic installation structure, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. It includes several photovoltaic modules installed on a waterproof membrane material 2a. The waterproof membrane material 2a is installed and connected to the water surface floating body 3. ; Among them, the photovoltaic module adopts the photovoltaic module 1 described in one of the above embodiments 1-9; Preferably, in this embodiment, the outer periphery of the waterproof membrane material 2a is fixedly installed and connected to the water surface floating body 3, and the water surface floating body 3 is anchored The structure (not shown) achieves the positioning and installation effect; further preferably, in order to increase the number of photovoltaic modules 1 installed per unit area, in this embodiment, the water surface floating body 3 is in a quadrilateral shape, and the water surface floating body 3 can be used as a The operation and maintenance channel facilitates subsequent maintenance and construction of the water surface photovoltaic installation structure; of course, other suitable shapes of water surface floating bodies can also be used, and this embodiment is not uniquely limited to this.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the surroundings of the waterproof membrane material 2a and the water surface floating body 3 are integrated by hot melt connection and/or adhesive connection and/or fastening connection; in specific implementation, the waterproof membrane material 2a and the water surface floating body 3 are integrally connected. The water surface floats 3 at both ends are connected by hot-melt connection (for example, by welding to achieve rapid hot-melt connection). In other embodiments, adhesive or tape can also be used for bonding connection, and fasteners can also be used for fixed installation connection; Combinations of the above installation methods can also be used. These are conventional technical choices that those skilled in the art can make based on this application, and are not uniquely limited in this embodiment.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the waterproof membrane 2a is made of a well-known thermoplastic polymer material, and its thickness ranges from 0.05 to 5 mm, more preferably from 0.1 to 4 mm, and even more preferably from 0.5 to 3 mm.

Preferably, in this embodiment, the back side of the photovoltaic module 1 and the waterproof membrane material 2a are integrated by hot-melt connection and/or adhesive connection and/or fastening connection. Specifically, hot-melt connection is preferably used (see Figure 3). The hot-melt welding joint 2a1) shown; those skilled in the art can make conventional technical selections according to actual installation needs, and this embodiment does not impose unique limitations on them.

Embodiment 11: This embodiment 11 proposes a water surface photovoltaic installation structure, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. It includes several photovoltaic components installed on a support base. The two ends of the support base 2b are installed correspondingly to the water surface floating body 3. connection, the water surface floating body 3 achieves positioning and installation effects through an anchoring structure (a well-known structure, not shown in the figure); wherein, the photovoltaic module adopts the photovoltaic module 1 described in one of the above embodiments 1-9; the support base 2b and the photovoltaic module 1 A number of hollow parts 4 are formed therebetween to prevent water flow from gathering on the support base 2b;

The back side of a single photovoltaic module 1 is connected by welding and installation with at least three spaced apart support bases 2b. The support bases 2b are hot-melt connected to the water surface floating bodies 3 located at both ends of the support base 2b as a whole through welding;

Preferably, in this embodiment, the stent base 2b adopts a metal stent base and/or a steel wire rope and/or a reinforced composite membrane material, usually in a long strip shape; preferably, in this embodiment, the stent base 2b The two ends are integrally connected with the water surface floating body 3 by hot-melt connection and/or adhesive connection and/or fastening connection.

Embodiment 12: The technical solution of this Embodiment 12 is the same as that of Embodiment 11. The difference is that, as shown in Figures 4 and 6, in this Embodiment 12, the first bracket body 5a is fixedly welded to both ends of the bracket base 2b. and the second bracket body 5b. The first bracket body 5a and the second bracket body 5b are respectively fixedly installed (can be welded or fastened) on the water surface floating body 3. The installation height of the first bracket body 5a is greater than that of the second bracket body 5b. installation height.

Embodiment 13: The technical solution of Embodiment 13 is the same as that of Embodiment 12. The difference is that, as shown in Figures 4 and 6, in this Embodiment 13, the first bracket body 5a is telescopically installed on the water surface floating body up and down. 3 for flexibly adjusting its corresponding installation height, and the second bracket body 5b is fixedly installed on the water surface floating body 3.

It should be noted that when this application is applied and installed, the water surface floating body 3, the anchoring structure, the junction box of the photovoltaic module 1 and its power output structure can all adopt known technologies. This application does not involve the innovative content of this part. Those skilled in the art can make routine technical choices based on common knowledge, and this application will not elaborate on this in detail.

Comparative Example 1: The remaining technical solutions of this Comparative Example 1 are the same as those of Example 1. The difference is that in this Comparative Example 1, no water-blocking vapor deposition film for the front plate and a water-blocking vapor deposition film for the back plate are produced.

Comparative Example 2: The remaining technical solutions of this Comparative Example 2 are the same as those of Embodiment 5. The difference is that in this Comparative Example 2, no water-blocking vapor deposition film for the front plate and a water-blocking vapor deposition film for the back plate are produced.

Comparative Example 3: The remaining technical solutions of this Comparative Example 3 are the same as those of Embodiment 6. The difference is that in this Comparative Example 3, the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film and the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film are not produced.

Comparative Example 4: This Comparative Example 4 uses a double-glass encapsulated heterojunction HJT photovoltaic module.

Comparative Example 5: This Comparative Example 5 uses thin-film photovoltaic modules from Hanergy Photovoltaics.

The applicant conducted the following key performance index tests and comparisons on each of the photovoltaic modules proposed in the above Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-5. Please refer to Table 1 below for the results:

Table 1 Test comparison of key performance indicators of photovoltaic modules

​	Package weight	Bending resistance
Example 1	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 2	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 3	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 4	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 5	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 6	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 7	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 8	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Example 9	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Comparative example 1	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Comparative example 2	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Comparative example 3	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred
Comparative example 4	6-8Kg/m 2	Unable to bend
Comparative example 5	≤3.5Kg/ m2	≥100,000 times, no obvious cracks occurred

The applicant also used the encapsulation layer involved in the above Embodiments 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-5 (wherein, the flexible light-transmitting front plate and the flexible back plate in Embodiments 1-9 refer to integrally provided with corresponding water-blocking vapor phase The structure of the deposited film) was tested and compared with the following key performance indicators. The results are shown in Table 2 below:

Table 2 Test comparison of key performance indicators of photovoltaic module packaging layer

​	water vapor transmission rate	Light transmittance (380-1100nm wavelength)
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 1	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backplane in Example 1	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 2	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%

Flexible backplane in Example 2	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 3	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backplane in Example 3	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 4	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backplane in Example 4	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 5	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backplane in Example 5	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 6	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backplane in Example 6	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 7	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backsheet in Example 7	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 8	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backsheet in Example 8	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Example 9	0.05-0.08g/ m2 ·24h	93-96%
Flexible backsheet in Example 9	0.01-0.04g/ m2 ·24h	90-93%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Comparative Example 1	1.2-1.5g/ m2 ·24h	88-90%
Flexible backplane in Comparative Example 1	0.6-0.8g/ m2 ·24h	88-90%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Comparative Example 2	2.2-2.5g/ m2 ·24h	88-90%
Flexible backplane in Comparative Example 2	2.2-2.5g/ m2 ·24h	88-90%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Comparative Example 3	1.1-1.3g/ m2 ·24h	88-90%
Flexible backplane in Comparative Example 3	1.1-1.3g/ m2 ·24h	88-90%
Encapsulating glass in Comparative Example 4	≤0.08g/m 2 ·24h	≥80%
Flexible light-transmitting front plate in Comparative Example 5	≥2g/m 2 ·24h	85-88%
Flexible backplane in Comparative Example 5	≥2g/m 2 ·24h	85-88%

Through the above implementation comparison, it can be confirmed that the photovoltaic module provided by this embodiment has outstanding light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission at the same time, which is beneficial to advancing the technical level of photovoltaic module packaging in water vapor transmission resistance and solving photovoltaic problems. It overcomes the technical difficulties faced by modules in high-humidity installation environments while overcoming the difficulties faced by flexible packaging of photovoltaic modules that are highly sensitive to water vapor.

It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive from any point of view, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is therefore intended that all claims falling within the claims All changes within the meaning and scope of equivalent elements are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the claim in question.

In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementations, not each implementation only contains an independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole. , the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (13)

1. A photovoltaic module with high light transmission and resistance to water vapor transmission, characterized by comprising a flexible light-transmitting front plate, a battery sheet and a flexible back plate that are laminated together into one body; wherein at least the outer surface of the flexible light-transmitting front plate A front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film is integrally provided on the surface, and/or at least the outer surface of the flexible back plate is integrally provided with a back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film.
2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the materials of the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film/and the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film are light-transmitting inorganic oxides and/or light-transmitting inorganic nitrides.
3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the front plate water-blocking vapor deposition film/and the back plate water-blocking vapor deposition film is aluminum oxide and/or silicon dioxide and/or silicon nitride.
4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the water-blocking vapor-deposited film on the front plate and/or the water-blocking vapor-deposited film on the back plate ranges from 10 to 500 nm.
5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that the thickness of the water-blocking vapor deposition film on the front plate is in the range of 50-300 nm, which is used to enhance the interference effect of reflected light on the light-receiving surface of the photovoltaic module and reduce reflection. Loss of light.
6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the flexible light-transmitting front panel is made of thermoplastic polymer or fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting coating composite fiber cloth; and/or the flexible back panel is made of Thermoplastic polymer or fiber reinforced thermoplastic polymer or thermosetting coating composite fiber cloth.
7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery cells are crystalline silicon cells or amorphous silicon thin film cells; and/or the cells are homojunction cells or heterojunction HJT cells. Battery sheet; and/or the battery sheet is a single-sided battery sheet or a double-sided battery sheet.
8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that the water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking vapor deposition film on the front panel and/or the water-blocking vapor deposition film on the back panel is ≤0.2g/m ² ·24h, and it is The light transmittance in the wavelength range of 380-1100nm is not less than 90%.
9. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the front panel is produced by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition on at least one surface of the flexible light-transmissive front sheet or the flexible back sheet. Water-blocking vapor-deposited film for the board and/or water-blocking vapor-deposited film for the back plate.
10. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a water-blocking vapor deposition film material is vapor-deposited on the outer surface of the photovoltaic module by a physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition method, so that the The outer surface of the flexible light-transmissive front plate is formed to obtain the water-blocking vapor deposition film of the front plate, and/or the outer surface of the flexible back plate is formed to obtain the water-blocking vapor deposition film of the back plate.
11. An application of the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the photovoltaic module is installed on the water surface.
12. The application according to claim 11, characterized in that the photovoltaic module is installed on a waterproof membrane material, the waterproof membrane material is installed and connected to a water surface floating body, and the water surface floating body achieves positioning and installation effects through an anchoring structure.
13. The application according to claim 11, characterized in that the photovoltaic module is installed on a bracket base; wherein both ends of the bracket base are installed and connected to the water surface floating body, and the water surface floating body achieves the positioning and installation effect through the anchoring structure. ; Wherein, a hollow portion is provided between the bracket base and the photovoltaic module to prevent water flow from gathering on the bracket base.

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