CN112628598A - 液氨槽车的安全装置及报警方法 - Google Patents

液氨槽车的安全装置及报警方法 Download PDF

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CN112628598A
CN112628598A CN202011569646.3A CN202011569646A CN112628598A CN 112628598 A CN112628598 A CN 112628598A CN 202011569646 A CN202011569646 A CN 202011569646A CN 112628598 A CN112628598 A CN 112628598A
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liquid ammonia
temperature sensor
valve
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刘高佳
马超
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Guangdong Datang International Chaozhou Power Generation Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C13/02Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种液氨槽车的安全装置及报警方法。目前,液氨槽车的紧急切断阀采用手动控制,液氨接卸过程中需要人员全程跟踪监护,人员暴露在危险环境中。一种液氨槽车的安全装置,其组成包括:温度传感器一(1)、温度传感器二(2)、液氨槽车阀门箱(3)、重量传感器(4)和浓度传感器(5),温度传感器一、温度传感器二、重量传感器和浓度传感器分别与执行器(12)连接,温度传感器一安装在液氨槽车(13)底部(外壁),所述的温度传感器二、所述的重量传感器和所述的浓度传感器安装在液氨槽车阀门箱内。本发明应用于化工行业及电力行业危险品接卸保护。

Description

液氨槽车的安全装置及报警方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液氨槽车的安全装置及报警方法。
背景技术
目前,液氨槽车的紧急切断阀采用手动控制,液氨接卸过程中需要人员全程跟踪监护,人员暴露在危险环境中。现有的保护装置需要人为发现泄漏后,手动关闭出料阀,存在较大的不确性和危险性,根据相关资料及理论计算可知,加压后的液氨泄漏强度大,且迅速气化并向四周扩散。按DN80管道5mm法兰间隙圆周泄漏计算,20℃时泄漏速度为1.8t/min,据计算,静风条件下20吨液氨泄漏扩散后的致死浓度半径为80m,随着氨快速蒸发并随气流扩散,其影响范围可达进1000米。从目前火力发电厂液氨法脱硝系统设计看,发生在严重泄漏风险的部位在卸料接口处,以及与液氨储罐直接连接的第一道法兰、阀门。手动操作存在了严重的滞后性,并且发生泄漏后,人员第一本能为逃生,采取安全防护后进行隔离,延长了泄漏事件,扩大了事故。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种液氨槽车的安全装置及报警方法,有效提高液氨接卸过程中的安全问题,发生泄漏可以第一时间进行预警和切断,避免事故扩大,能够自动判断快速接头处的泄漏情况,并发出报警,使用远程、手动或者遥控的方式关闭液氨槽车紧急切断阀,从而确保接卸安全。
上述的目的通过以下的技术方案实现:
一种液氨槽车的安全装置,其组成包括:温度传感器一、温度传感器二、液氨槽车阀门箱、重量传感器和浓度传感器,所述的温度传感器一、所述的温度传感器二、所述的重量传感器和所述的浓度传感器分别与执行器连接,所述的温度传感器一使用磁铁粘贴在储罐底部(外部),所述的温度传感器二、所述的重量传感器的微动开关和所述的浓度传感器安装在液氨槽车阀门箱内。
所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,所述的液氨槽车阀门箱内的操作装置分别与液相紧急切断阀和气相紧急切断阀连连接,所述的液相紧急切断阀和所述的气相紧急切断阀通过液相管路和气相管路与储罐连接。
所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,所述的液相管路与干式快速接头连接,且所述的液相管路上连接有放散阀。
所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,所述的气相管路与干式快速接头连接,且所述的气相管路上连接有放散阀。
本发明的有益效果:
1.本发明在槽车底部和阀门箱内增加传感器,测量该点温差、槽车接头泄漏重量,氨浓度与环境温度对比,温差达到预设值,微动开关动作即可判断为液氨泄漏,触发报警;氨浓度达到报警值后,安全装置触发,发出动作信号,将紧急切断阀切断,从而实现安全。
本发明在用弹簧式紧急切断阀的基础上,增加了执行机构和控制模块,通过微动开关、温度、浓度传感器自动判断识别液氨槽车快速接头泄漏,实现报警功能,达到保护值后,自动关闭紧急切断阀,从而实现安全功能。
本发明改进后,通过小型执行机构实现了紧急切断阀的远程控制,通过对液氨槽车液相、气相接头处的温度、浓度等监测,实现对泄漏的判断,从而实现泄露的自动切断。而预留有接口,可以与接卸系统进行并联运行,利用氨区原有安全设施实现监测区域的放大和远程控制的延伸功能。
本发明控制部分:
传感器:使用温度传感器一测量储罐外壁(底部)温度T1,温度传感器二测量液氨槽车阀门箱内温度T2,重量传感器3(微动开关)测量小盘重量M,浓度传感器4测量阀门箱内及周边气体浓度C。
正常情况下,T1测量槽车温度,略低于环境温度,T2为环境温度,温度传感器2>温度传感器1的测量值;T1-T2=σ<0;液氨泄漏时,迅速吸热,阀门箱处于一个相对封闭、狭小的空间,T2温度急剧下降,导致σ增加,当σ增大至预定值时,判断为液氨疑似泄漏A;
正常条件下,托盘内无任何液体,托盘上开有泄漏孔,液体可以通过泄漏孔排出,托盘自动复位,液氨泄漏时,滴落的液氨收集至托盘内,进入的液氨大于通过小孔流出的液氨量,重力抵消了由阻尼弹簧产生的反向力,触发微动开关,产生称重报警器为B。B报警通过与控制系统连接,同时触发红色声光报警;
浓度4采用氨气浓度检测仪,可以测量泄漏浓度C,对接卸系统一定区域内的浓度进行检测,拓展检测区域;
执行部分:
接到系统报警系统(1、远方信号;2遥控信号;3、温差&称重信号;4、浓度信号)后,执行机构动作。
在紧急切断手柄侧用快拆螺栓固定一个小型气缸,控制系统发出执行后,气缸动作,推动紧急切断阀动作,关闭阀门,气缸排气安装哨子,动作过程可以发出声音报警。小型气缸采用车载压缩空气供气。
附图说明:
附图1是本发明的结构示意图。
附图2是执行部分的结构示意图。
附图3是重量传感器结构示意图
图中:1、温度传感器一,2、温度传感器二,3、液氨槽车阀门箱,4、重量传感器,5、浓度传感器,6、液相紧急切断阀,7、气相紧急切断阀,8、液相管路,9、气相管路,10、干式快速接头,11、放散阀,12、执行器,13、储罐,14、排污口,15、报警器,16、操作装置,17、托盘,18、泄漏孔,19、阻尼弹簧,20、微动开关,21、基座。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:
一种液氨槽车的安全装置,其组成包括:温度传感器一1、温度传感器二2、液氨槽车阀门箱3、重量传感器4和浓度传感器5,所述的温度传感器一、所述的温度传感器二、所述的重量传感器和所述的浓度传感器分别与执行器12连接,所述的温度传感器一安装在储罐13内,所述的温度传感器二、所述的重量传感器和所述的浓度传感器安装在液氨槽车阀门箱内。
实施例2:
根据实施例1所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,所述的液氨槽车阀门箱内的操作装置16分别与液相紧急切断阀6和气相紧急切断阀7连连接,所述的液相紧急切断阀和所述的气相紧急切断阀通过液相管路8和气相管路9与储罐连接。
实施例3:
根据实施例1或2所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,所述的液相管路与干式快速接头10连接,且所述的液相管路上连接有放散阀11。
实施例4:
根据实施例1或2或3所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,所述的气相管路与干式快速接头连接,且所述的气相管路上连接有放散阀。

Claims (5)

1.一种液氨槽车的安全装置,其组成包括:温度传感器一、温度传感器二、重量传感器和浓度传感器,其特征是:所述的温度传感器一、所述的温度传感器二、所述的重量传感器和所述的浓度传感器分别与执行器连接,所述的温度传感器一通过磁铁粘贴在储罐底部或外部外部,所述的温度传感器二、所述的重量传感器和所述的浓度传感器安装在液氨槽车阀门箱内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,其特征是:所述的液氨槽车阀门箱内的操作装置分别与液相紧急切断阀和气相紧急切断阀连连接,所述的液相紧急切断阀和所述的气相紧急切断阀通过液相管路和气相管路与储罐连接。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,其特征是:所述的液相管路与干式快速接头连接,且所述的液相管路上连接有放散阀。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液氨槽车的安全装置,其特征是:所述的气相管路与干式快速接头连接,且所述的气相管路上连接有放散阀。
5.一种权利要求1—4之一所述的液氨槽车的安全装置的报警方法,其特征是:该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)控制部分:
传感器:使用温度传感器一测量储罐外壁温度T1,温度传感器二测量液氨槽车阀门箱内温度T2,重量传感器3(微动开关)测量托盘位置M,浓度传感器4测量阀门箱及周边气体浓度C;
正常情况下,T1测量槽车温度,略低于环境温度,T2为环境温度,温度传感器2>温度传感器1的测量值;T1-T2=σ<0;液氨泄漏时,迅速吸热,阀门箱处于一个相对封闭、狭小的空间,T2温度急剧下降,导致σ增加,当σ增大至预定值时,判断为液氨疑似泄漏A;
正常条件下,托盘内无任何液体,托盘上开有小孔,液体可以通过小孔排出,排除因为空气中水分凝结带来的偏差和方便系统进行复位;
液氨泄露时,流入托盘内的液体大于泄漏孔流出的液氨量,重力抵消了由弹簧产生的反向力,触发重量传感器,产生称重报警为B;
B报警通过与控制部分连接,同时触发红色声光报警;浓度4采用氨气浓度检测仪,可以测量泄漏浓度,小空间内可以方便的进行测量,对接卸系统一定区域内的浓度进行检测,拓展检测区域;
(2)执行部分:
在紧急切断手柄侧用快拆螺栓固定一个小型气缸,控制系统发出执行后,气缸动作,推动紧急切断阀动作,关闭阀门,气缸排气位置安装哨子,动作过程可以发出声音报警;
(3)逻辑部分
σ增大至预定值时,判断为液氨疑似泄漏A
B称重报警触发后,判断为液氨疑似泄漏B
浓度4氨气浓度检测仪报警,判断为液氨疑似泄漏C
A&B信号、C报警信号与远程遥控D及DCS控制信号E同时送入控制器内,任何一组信号触发,及代表液氨发生泄漏,触发报警及动作执行机构,切断泄漏源。
CN202011569646.3A 2020-12-26 2020-12-26 液氨槽车的安全装置及报警方法 Pending CN112628598A (zh)

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CN117685397A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-03-12 湖南省特种设备检验检测研究院 一种用于罐车液压紧急切断阀的控制系统及方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117685397A (zh) * 2023-12-18 2024-03-12 湖南省特种设备检验检测研究院 一种用于罐车液压紧急切断阀的控制系统及方法

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