CN112627820A - Coal pillar-free mining method for 'three lower' coal pressing - Google Patents
Coal pillar-free mining method for 'three lower' coal pressing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 450
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000270295 Serpentes Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/08—Filling-up hydraulically or pneumatically
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal pillar-free mining method for 'three lower' coal pressing, which comprises the following contents: each filling section main roadway comprises an auxiliary transportation main roadway, a glue transportation main roadway and a return air main roadway, and each filling section main roadway is surrounded with a filling section; dividing each filling section into a plurality of filling working surfaces, and reserving a crossheading tunneling working surface between every two adjacent filling working surfaces; sequentially and alternately carrying out rubber transportation crossheading tunneling and auxiliary transportation crossheading on the crossheading tunneling working face, carrying out parallel operation on the adjacent and same-direction excavation filling working face and the rubber transportation crossheading, and carrying out parallel operation on the adjacent and same-direction excavation filling working face and the auxiliary transportation crossheading; the advantages are that: the application conditions of the patent technology of the invention are relatively loose: the method has universal applicability, and can be used for mining thin coal beds, medium and thick coal beds; the hard requirements on the lithology of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam are not met; the method can be used for not only the excavation operation of the 'three lower' pressing coal, but also the excavation operation of the mining area, the recovery of the coal pillars in the mining area of the mine and the like.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a coal pillar-free mining method for 'three lower' coal pressing.
Background art:
the third lower coal pressing is coal pressing under railways, water bodies and buildings, the filling mining technology has important significance for mining the third lower coal pressing, currently, coal pillar-free mining is generally adopted in coal mine filling mining in China, then a paste filling process is adopted to fill a goaf, the mining and filling process obtains better effect on site, and plays a certain role in solving the problems of the third lower coal pressing, surface subsidence control and the like;
the non-pillar mining technology mainly comprises two types: 1. a top cutting method: the method comprises the following steps of filling a coal wall of a working face in advance for a certain distance, placing the coal wall close to one side of the coal wall in a glue transportation crossheading roadway of the working face in advance, drilling a deep hole on a top plate, and pre-splitting the top plate by adopting a blasting top cutting method, or cutting the top by adopting special equipment, or cutting the top by adopting other special technologies, so that the glue transportation crossheading top plate and the top plate of the working face do not form a whole; in the process that the filling working face is continuously pushed forward, the top plate of the goaf continuously collapses; because the top plate of the glue transportation groove adopts a high-strength supporting mode in advance and a top plate pre-splitting technology, the top plate of the glue transportation crossheading groove cannot collapse and the sinking amount of the top plate is small in the continuous propelling process of the filling working face; after the top plate of the goaf strides, the direct top of the original coal seam and the direct bottom of the coal seam are closed, so that the goaf is separated from the original roadway space of the rubber-conveying crossheading; reinforcing the top plate and the upper part of the crude rubber transportation crossheading which enters the rear part of the goaf, and further isolating the goaf by adopting a guniting method, wherein the retained roadway can be used as a return air crossheading of the next adjacent filling working surface. According to the coal pillar-free mining method, each filling working face only needs to be tunneled with one rubber transportation gateway and one cutting hole, and then a gateway reserved along a goaf in the stoping process is added, so that a spare filling working face is formed; 2. the masonry concrete wall isolation method comprises the following steps: the glue transportation crossheading adopts ultra-wide section and high-strength supporting technology during tunneling; a special end bracket is arranged on the head side of the filling working face machine; in the process of advancing the filling working face, at the rear part of the special end bracket, two isolation plates of the special end bracket isolate the goaf from most of the space of the rubber conveying crossheading; concrete walls are poured into the two isolating plates of the special end bracket, namely a complete roadway section is formed and used as a return air gateway of the next adjacent filling working face; according to the coal pillar-free mining method, each filling working face is only provided with one rubber transportation crossheading and one cutting hole, the crossheading separated by the cast-in-place concrete wall meets various functions of ventilation, auxiliary transportation and the like, and the filling working face and the newly-excavated ultra-wide rubber transportation crossheading and cutting hole form a spare filling working face.
The non-pillar mining technology adopting the two methods has the following problems: firstly, the mining dynamic pressure is strong during the stoping period of the two methods, and the requirements on the lithology of the top and the bottom of a coal seam are high; the influence of mining dynamic pressure on the medium-thickness coal seam is smaller than that of the thick coal seam, so that the mining dynamic pressure is mainly used for mining the medium-thickness coal seam and is not suitable for the thick coal seam; in addition, the two methods are suitable for the coal bed with good and stable integrity of the lithology of the top plate and the bottom plate, so the two methods are applicable to harsher conditions and have poor general applicability; secondly, in the two methods, after the fully mechanized mining working face on one side of the glue transportation crossheading is mined, the glue transportation crossheading needs to be reinforced and supported for maintenance due to the influence of mining dynamic pressure, the reserved glue transportation crossheading needs to be used as a return air crossheading of the next adjacent fully mechanized mining working face, and the influence of mining dynamic pressure still exists when the next fully mechanized mining working face is mined; therefore, the requirement on the supporting strength of the rubber transportation crossheading is very high, and the requirement on the type selection of a roof supporting material is higher, so that the supporting cost and the labor intensity are very high; thirdly, in the existing working face stoping process, stoping the coal body at the side of the glue transportation crossheading close to the goaf, separating the reserved space from the goaf by utilizing a cast-in-place concrete wall, and reserving a roadway along the goaf; however, the advancing progress of the fully mechanized mining face is slow at present, after coal is mined, the rock layer above the goaf can be slowly stabilized after 3-6 months or longer, and during the period, the bearing effect of the cast-in-place concrete wall is greatly influenced when the concrete wall is built and does not reach the design strength, namely the bearing roof pressure and the mining dynamic pressure of the fully mechanized mining face are required; fourthly, after a roadway is left along the goaf, the isolation formed by the direct roof of the goaf needs guniting to reinforce and seal gaps, and the isolated roadway roof still needs secondary reinforcing support to be maintained, so that the field operation process is complicated, and the manual labor intensity is greatly improved; the propelling speed of the fully mechanized coal mining face is seriously influenced, and the influence on the normal production organization of the fully mechanized coal mining face is very obvious; fifthly, after the roadway is left along the goaf, the surrounding rock deformation is obvious, the later roadway maintenance cost is higher, and the required reinforced support strength is higher after the roadway enters the advanced pressure influence range of the filling working face; sixthly, with the continuous advance of the fully mechanized mining face, in the two non-pillar mining technologies, the isolation formed by the direct roof and the cast-in-place concrete wall are influenced by mining dynamic pressure continuously, cracks exist between the isolation formed by the roof connection, and the cast-in-place concrete wall is influenced by the mining dynamic pressure during solidification, so that the integrity is poor, the cracks are large, and the width is small; the device has relatively poor capability of preventing air leakage and natural ignition of the goaf and is not beneficial to isolating water accumulated in the goaf, so that the environment of the stoping operation of the fully mechanized mining face is relatively poor.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a coal pillar-free coal mining method for 'three-down' coal pressing, which is beneficial to ensuring good operation environment of a filling working face and effectively reducing labor intensity.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a coal pillar-free mining method for 'three lower' coal pressing comprises the following contents:
(a) filling section division: tunneling a plurality of groups of filling section main roadways, wherein each group of filling section main roadways comprises an auxiliary transportation main roadway, a glue transportation main roadway and a return air main roadway, and each group of filling section main roadways is surrounded with a filling section;
(b) filling face division: dividing each filling section into a plurality of filling working surfaces, determining the width and the filling step pitch of the filling working surfaces according to the filling capacity and the cutting distance of the continuous mining machine, and reserving a crossheading tunneling working surface between every two adjacent filling working surfaces, wherein the crossheading tunneling working surface comprises glue transportation crossroads and auxiliary transportation crossroads which are alternately arranged;
(c) excavating: in each filling section, the crossheading driving working faces between each filling working face and the next adjacent working face to be mined form a group of parallel mining operations, and each group of mining operations are continuously mined from inside to outside in a snake shape; the specific process is as follows:
the first step is as follows: excavating a first filling working face and the glue transportation crossheading adjacent to one side, supporting the glue transportation crossheading and the goaf of the filling working face, and filling the goaf of the filling working face and the air return main roadway adjacent to the other side of the filling working face;
the second step is that: after the parallel excavation of the filling working face and the glue transportation crossheading are finished, the retraction supporting operation and the supporting installation operation of the next filling working face are synchronously handed over; gradually filling the air top area and the corresponding air return main lane while withdrawing the supporting operation, and filling the air return main lane behind the supporting area after the handover is finished;
the third step: when the filling working face and the auxiliary conveying crossheading adjacent to one side are mined in parallel, the auxiliary conveying crossheading and the goaf of the filling working face are supported, and the goaf of the filling working face and the rubber conveying crossheading adjacent to the other side of the filling working face are filled;
the fourth step: the parallel excavation of the filling working face and the withdrawal operation after the completion of the auxiliary transportation crossheading are carried out synchronously with the installation operation of the next filling working face; gradually filling the empty roof area while withdrawing the supporting operation;
the fifth step: when the subsequent filling working face and the glue transportation crossheading adjacent to one side are mined, supporting a top plate of the glue transportation crossheading and a goaf of the filling working face, and filling the goaf of the filling working face and the auxiliary transportation crossheading adjacent to the other side of the filling working face;
and continuing the second step to the fifth step, and circularly performing the operation until the excavation is finished.
Further, the width H of the filling working surface is 57.75 meters, and the filling step distance d is any one of 3.3 meters or 6.6 meters.
Further, the parallel excavation of the rubber transportation gateway and the filling face comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the coal body of the rubber transportation crossheading by adopting a continuous mining machine;
(2) when the rubber transportation crossheading cutting surface is ahead of the coal wall of the filling working surface by more than 6 meters, starting to cut coal on the filling working surface; and (4) continuing the first step operation until the coal wall of the filling working face is flush with the cutting face of the rubber transportation crossheading, and circularly performing the operation in such a way.
Further, the method for supporting the rubber transportation crossheading and the goaf of the filling working face comprises the following steps:
(1) digging the glue transportation crossheading for 4.6 meters from the opening of the glue transportation crossheading by a continuous mining machine, and carrying out anchor rod and anchor cable support on the top plate and the side part of the glue transportation crossheading;
(2) cutting and mining the filling working face from one side of the opening of the glue transportation crossheading to the other side, temporarily supporting by using template supporting columns in the cutting process, and gradually replacing the template supporting columns by using filling hydraulic supports;
(3) repeating the operation of the step (2), and gradually completing the installation work of supporting a row of filling hydraulic supports in the goaf of the filling working face along the direction vertical to the mining direction;
(4) and (5) gradually installing supporting equipment required by a filling working surface, finishing the installation operation, and enabling the filling section to enter a normal production organization cycle.
Further, the parallel excavation of the filling working face and the withdrawal operation after the completion of the glue transportation crossheading and the installation operation of the next filling working face are carried out synchronously, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) before the filling working face is communicated with the air return main roadway, supporting columns of the formwork are supported in the air return main roadway for reinforcing supporting;
(2) withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports and the template support columns of the filling working surface one by one from inside to outside, temporarily supporting the gob by adopting temporary wood point columns when one filling hydraulic support is withdrawn, and filling paste into the gob once when 4 filling hydraulic supports are withdrawn;
(3) starting from one side of the next filling working face adjacent to the rubber conveying crossheading, cutting the filling working face each time, and meanwhile, temporarily supporting a goaf by using the template support columns, then replacing the template support columns with the filling hydraulic supports withdrawn from the previous filling working face, and carrying out mounting work of the filling hydraulic supports of the new filling working face one by one, and gradually completing the operation of mounting a row of filling hydraulic supports in the goaf of the filling working face along the direction vertical to the mining direction;
(4) and after the filling hydraulic support of the new filling working surface is completely installed, performing concentrated paste filling operation on the space at the rear part of the filling hydraulic support.
Further, when the auxiliary transportation crossheading and the filling working face are mined in parallel, the filling working face and the auxiliary transportation crossheading are cut simultaneously through a continuous mining machine, the auxiliary transportation crossheading and a goaf of the filling working face are supported, and the goaf of the filling working face and the glue transportation crossheading adjacent to the other side of the filling working face are filled;
and further, when the coal wall of the filling working face is 50 meters away from the rubber transportation main roadway, directly tunneling the auxiliary transportation crossheading to be communicated with the rubber transportation main roadway.
Furthermore, the withdrawing operation after the filling working face and the auxiliary transportation crossheading are excavated in parallel is synchronous with the installation operation of the next filling working face, and the empty roof area is gradually filled while the supporting operation is withdrawn; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) before the filling working face is communicated with the glue transportation main roadway, supporting and protecting the template supporting column in the glue transportation main roadway on the communicated side of the filling working face for reinforcing and supporting;
(2) withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports and the template support columns of the filling working surface from inside to outside one by one, temporarily supporting a hollow area by adopting a temporary wood point column when one filling hydraulic support is withdrawn, and filling paste in a goaf once when 4 filling hydraulic supports are withdrawn;
(3) starting from one side of the next filling working face adjacent to the auxiliary transportation crossheading, cutting the filling working face each time, and simultaneously carrying out temporary support on a goaf by using the template support columns, then replacing the template support columns for temporary support with the filling hydraulic supports withdrawn from the previous filling working face, carrying out mounting work of the filling hydraulic supports of the new filling working face frame by frame, gradually finishing mounting a row of the filling hydraulic supports in the goaf of the new filling working face along the direction vertical to the mining direction, and simultaneously finishing the withdrawing work of the filling hydraulic supports in the previous filling working face; preparing for the next mining operation to enter the glue gateway and the fill face.
Further, the paste filling operation comprises the following steps:
(1) the filling pipeline and the discharge pipeline are continuously connected, and the filling pipeline and the pipeline branch between the filling hydraulic supports are connected;
(2) plastic diaphragms are laid along the special templates and the closed tail beams of the filling hydraulic supports, and straw mats are laid locally to ensure effective isolation;
(3) switching a corresponding reversing valve to enable the filling pipeline to be communicated with the first pipeline branch, simultaneously blocking slurry from continuously flowing along the filling pipeline, pumping the slurry into the filling pipeline by a filling pump, and filling the slurry into a to-be-filled area from the filling pipeline to the first pipeline branch in the filling hydraulic support;
(4) after the slurry in the area to be filled at the first pipeline branch is connected with the top, switching the reversing valve at the first pipeline branch, disconnecting the pipeline branch at the first pipeline branch, and pouring the slurry into the area to be filled through the next pipeline branch; sequentially operating until the filling of the area to be filled is finished;
(5) and after the filling of the area to be filled is finished, an operator immediately switches the last reversing valve in the filling hydraulic support, the pipeline branch is disconnected, the residual slurry and the clean water for flushing the filling pipeline directly enter a drainage pipeline, the filling operation is finished, and the area to be filled enters a 8-hour solidification period.
Further, the area to be filled adopts a wood point column or a concrete strut for temporary supporting.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the concrete filling column has strong integrity and high bearing capacity, can be used for mining thin coal beds, medium-thick coal beds and thick coal beds, has loose application conditions and universal applicability; the hard requirements on the lithology of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam are not met; the method can be used for not only the excavation operation of the 'three lower' pressing coal, but also the excavation operation of the mining area, the recovery of the coal pillars in the mining area of the mine and the like.
2. The invention has small influence of the mining pressure in the mining operation, and the operations of initial mining, filling mining, final mining and withdrawing have simple process and relatively safe operation environment.
3. The invention is based on the fact that the influence of mining pressure accompanied in the mining operation is small, the temporary support of the area to be filled and the tunneling support mode of the crossheading roadway are simple, the operation environment is safe, the support cost is low, and the labor intensity is low.
4. According to the invention, main processes such as coal cutting, coal charging, coal transporting, roof supporting and the like can be completed on the filling section only by using the continuous mining machine, the filling support and the shuttle car, and the equipment has small size occupation space and low power consumption; compared with the traditional filling section, three main devices such as a coal mining machine, a scraper conveyor and a reversed loader which occupy large space and consume large power are omitted, the device configuration is simpler, and the operation is more flexible and changeable.
5. The peripheral main equipment of the filling section of the invention comprises four parts, namely a crusher, a belt conveyor and a simple equipment train (the length is about 30 meters); compared with the traditional filling section peripheral main equipment, the method has the advantages that monorail crane pipelines (occupying 70-150 meters of roadway length) are omitted, the length of the simple equipment train is less than 15% of that of the traditional equipment train, the space occupancy rate is obviously reduced, and the simple equipment train is safer and more reliable to move.
6. The 'three-lower' coal pressing mining continuous activity provided by the invention is only used as a matching mining mode of the mine fully-mechanized mining continuous activity, does not influence the normal production organization of the mine fully-mechanized mining surface, is very favorable for stabilizing the mine yield, can fully consume various solid wastes such as waste rocks, concrete blocks and the like generated during the normal production of the mine, coal ash generated by a power plant, most of high salt water and other sewage left after the treatment of a sewage treatment plant, and realizes the final profit of the 'three-lower' coal pressing mining production.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of the main roadway and the enclosed filling sections of each filling section in the invention.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic layout diagram of the main lanes and the enclosed filling sections of each filling section in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a fill face and a rubber-track parallel cut operation of the present invention 3101.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the rubber crossheading support structure of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the present invention 3101 installed in a goaf at a filling face with hydraulic support.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of installing hydraulic support in the gob of the filled working surface 3101 according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the operation of the present invention 3101 for supporting and protecting the area to be filled on the filling face.
Fig. 8 shows the effect of the present invention 3101 after the working face and the return air main tunnel have been penetrated.
Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of the present invention 3101 during the simultaneous retraction of the filling surface and mounting of the filling surface 3102.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the effects of the present invention 3101 after the completion of the work of retracting and 3102 installing the work of filling the work surface.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of the filling face and the auxiliary gateway parallel mining operation of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the operation of the 3102 filling the area to be filled.
Fig. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a supporting structure in a region to be filled of the filling working surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the filled region of the filling surface at 3102.
Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the filling face of the present invention before it is communicated with the glue transportation roadway.
Fig. 16 is an effect diagram of the filling working face of the present invention after being communicated with the glue transportation main roadway.
Figure 17 is a schematic illustration of the present invention 3102 in synchronization with the installation of 3103 the work surface.
FIG. 18 shows the effect of the present invention 3102 after the completion of the work of retracting and mounting 3103 the work of filling the work surface.
The parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: the device comprises a filling working face coal wall 3, a concrete filling column 6, a reversing valve 7, a discharge pipeline 8, a filling hydraulic support 9, a closed tail beam 9.1, a grouting inlet 9.2, a continuous mining machine 10, a to-be-filled area 11, a filling pipeline 12, a shuttle car 13, a crusher 14, a belt conveyor 15, a pipeline branch 16, a formwork support column 17, a special formwork 18, a concrete support column 19, an equipment train 20, a local ventilator 21, an air duct 22, a glue transportation crossheading cut surface 23, a filling section 25, a filling working face 26, a crossheading working face 27, a glue transportation crossheading 27.1, an auxiliary transportation crossheading 27.2, an anchor rod 28 and an anchor rope 29.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
a coal pillar-free mining method for 'three lower' coal pressing comprises the following contents:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, (a) filling segment division: tunneling a plurality of groups of filling section main roadways along the 'under three' coal pressing range, tunneling a plurality of groups of filling section main roadways, wherein each group of filling section main roadways comprises an auxiliary transportation main roadway, a glue transportation main roadway and a return air main roadway, and each group of filling section main roadways is surrounded with a filling section 25; (b) filling face division: dividing each filling section 25 into a plurality of filling working surfaces 26, and determining the width H of each filling working surface 26 according to the filling capacity and the cutting distance of the continuous miner 10, wherein the width H is 57.75 meters, the filling step distance d is 3.3 meters or 6.6 meters, and a crossheading tunneling working surface 27 is reserved between every two adjacent filling working surfaces 26; and (3) tunneling each filling section main roadway by using a continuous mining machine 10 and performing temporary support.
(c) Excavating: in each filling section 25, the crossheading working faces 27 between each filling working face 26 and the next adjacent working face to be mined form a group of parallel mining operations, and each group of mining operations are continuously mined from inside to outside in a snake shape; the crossheading working face 27 comprises glue transporting crossheading 27.1 and auxiliary transporting crossheading 27.2 which are alternately arranged; in each filling section 25, a backward coal mining sequence from inside to outside is adopted, namely coal mining is started from a 3101 filling working face, and the coal mining sequence is 3101, 3102, 3103 and 3104 … …; the coal mining method for each fill face 26 is: the method is characterized in that the odd filling working faces (3101, 3103 and 3105 … …) are excavated from the glue transportation main lane to the direction of the return air main lane, and the even filling working faces (3102, 3104 and 3106 … …) are excavated from the return air main lane to the glue transportation main lane, and comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: as shown in fig. 3 to 8, when the first filling face 26 and the glue transporting crossheading 27.1 adjacent to one side are excavated in parallel, the glue transporting crossheading 27.1 and the gob of the filling face 26 are supported, and the gob of the filling face 26 and the return air main road adjacent to the other side of the filling face 26 are filled.
The parallel mining and conveying gate 27.1 and the filling face 26 comprise the following processes:
(1) the coal body of the rubber conveying chute 27.1 is cut by the continuous miner 10.
(2) When the rubber transportation crossheading cutting surface 23 is more than 6 meters ahead of the coal wall of the filling working surface, the coal cutting operation is started on the filling working surface 26; and (3) continuing the first operation until the coal wall 3 of the filling working surface is flush with the rubber crossheading section 23, and circularly operating in this way.
The method carries out supporting operation on the rubber conveying crossheading 27.1 and the goaf of the filling working face 26, and comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) digging the glue transportation crossheading 4.6 meters from the opening of the glue transportation crossheading 27.1 by using the continuous mining machine 10, and supporting a top plate and an upper part of the glue transportation crossheading 27.1 by using an anchor net, an anchor rod 28 and an anchor rope 29.
(2) The filling working face 26 is cut and mined from one side of the opening of the glue transporting crossheading 27.1 to the other side, the depth of the filling working face 26 is 8.6 meters and the width of the filling working face is 3.3 meters, the template support columns 17 are adopted for temporary support, and the filling hydraulic supports 9 are used for gradually replacing the template support columns 17.
(3) And (5) repeating the operation of the step (2), and gradually completing the installation work of supporting a row of filling hydraulic supports 9 in the goaf of the filling working surface 26 along the direction vertical to the mining direction.
(4) And gradually installing supporting equipment required by the filling working surface 26, finishing the installation operation, and enabling the filling section 25 to enter a normal production organization period.
A main transportation system: before the rubber transportation crossheading 27.1 does not reach the installation of the belt conveyor 15, the continuous miner 10 finishes coal cutting and coal loading, transfers the coal to the shuttle car 13, and then transfers the coal to the belt conveyor 15 of the rubber transportation main lane by the shuttle car 13 and finally reaches the ground; after the belt conveyor 15 is installed on the rubber conveying gateway 27.1, the continuous miner 10 finishes coal cutting and coal loading, and transfers coal to the shuttle car 13, the shuttle car 13 transfers the coal to the crusher 14, and the crusher 14 crushes large coal, transfers the coal to the belt conveyor 15 of the rubber conveying gateway 27.1, and finally reaches the ground through the belt conveyor 15 of the rubber conveying gateway.
Taking 3101 filling working face as an example, a continuous mining machine 10 is adopted to cut coal bodies of the rubber conveying chute 27.1 and perform temporary support; after the rubber transportation crossheading section 23 advances 3101 to fill the working surface for 6 meters, coal cutting work of 3101 filling the working surface is started; the goaf of the filling working face 26 is temporarily supported by a filling hydraulic support 9, the area to be filled 11 is temporarily supported by wood point columns (3.3 m filling step distance) or concrete pillars 19(6.6 m filling step distance), and finally, a paste filling method is adopted for filling and supporting.
The second step is that: as shown in fig. 9 and 10, after the parallel excavation and filling working surface 26 and the cementing gateway 27.1 are finished, the returning operation and the supporting and mounting operation of the next filling working surface 26 are synchronously handed over, the supporting operation is returned, the empty roof area and the corresponding return air main lane are gradually filled, and after the handing over is finished, the return air main lane behind the supporting area is filled; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) before the filling working face 26 is communicated with the air return main roadway, the formwork support columns 17 are supported in the air return main roadway for reinforcing support.
(2) And withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports 9 and the template support columns 17 of the filling working surface 26 from inside to outside one by one, temporarily supporting the hollow area by adopting a temporary wood point column when one filling hydraulic support 9 is withdrawn, and filling the paste in the goaf once when 4 filling hydraulic supports 9 are withdrawn.
(3) Starting from one side of the next filling working face 26 adjacent to the rubber conveying crossheading 27.1, cutting the filling working face 26 each time, simultaneously adopting the template support columns 17 to temporarily support the goaf, then replacing the template support columns 17 with the filling hydraulic supports 9 withdrawn from the previous filling working face 26, carrying out installation work of the filling hydraulic supports 9 of the new filling working face 26 one by one, and gradually finishing the operation of installing a row of filling hydraulic supports 9 in the goaf of the filling working face 26 along the direction vertical to the mining direction.
(4) After the filling hydraulic supports 9 of the new filling working face 26 are completely installed, the space behind the filling hydraulic supports 9 is subjected to concentrated paste filling operation.
Take 3101 the work surface retraction and 3102 the work surface installation synchronization as examples:
(1)3101 before the filling working face is communicated with the air return main roadway, the air return main roadway on the communicated side is reinforced and supported, and the supporting template of the supporting columns 17 is supported, the column spacing is 0.875 m, and the row spacing is 1.0 m.
(2) Before the penetration, a local ventilator 21 and an air duct 22 are installed, after the penetration, the local ventilator 21 is started, only one row of template support columns 17 is reserved, after the crushed coal at the penetration position is cleaned, the operation of withdrawing the filling working surface is started 3101, and the installation work of the filling working surface is synchronously carried out 3102.
(3) And withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports 9 and the template support columns 17 for reinforcing support frame by frame from No. 01 filling hydraulic support on 3101 filling working face, temporarily supporting the gob by using temporary wood point columns when one filling hydraulic support 9 is withdrawn, and filling paste once when 4 filling hydraulic supports 9 are withdrawn.
(4) Starting from one side of a glue transportation crossheading 27.1 of a 3102 filling working surface, cutting 3101 every time to fill the working surface with the depth of 8.6 meters and the width of 3.3 meters, adopting template support columns 17 for temporary support, then replacing the template support columns 17 for temporary support with filling hydraulic supports 9 withdrawn from the 3101 filling working surface, and gradually completing the whole installation work of 30 filling hydraulic supports 9 by mounting 3102 filling working surfaces one by one.
(5)3102 after the whole of the filling hydraulic brackets 9 of the filling work surface are mounted, the paste concentration filling work is carried out for the space behind the filling hydraulic brackets 9, and the withdrawing work of the filling work surface 3101 and the mounting work of the filling work surface 3102 are finished.
The paste filling operation comprises the following steps:
(1) a special template 18 is erected at the edge of the goaf, a filling pipeline 12 and a drainage pipeline 8 are connected, and the filling pipeline 12 and a pipeline branch 16 between the filling hydraulic supports 9 are connected.
(2) Plastic diaphragms are laid along the special templates 18 and the closed tail beams 9.1 of the filling hydraulic supports 9, and grass mats are laid locally to ensure effective isolation.
(3) Switching the corresponding reversing valve 7 to enable the filling pipeline 12 to be communicated with the first pipeline branch 16, simultaneously blocking the slurry from continuously flowing along the filling pipeline 12, pumping the slurry into the filling pipeline 12 by a filling pump, enabling the slurry to reach the first pipeline branch 16 in the filling support from the filling pipeline 12, and after the sealing tail beam 9.1 is bent downwards to be in butt joint with a base sealing plate of the filling hydraulic support 9, connecting the pipeline branch 16 with a grouting inlet 9.2; pouring the slurry into the area to be filled 11 from a slurry injection inlet 9.2; and the glue transportation main roadway is kept not to be filled during filling operation.
(4) After the slurry in the area to be filled 11 at the first pipeline branch 16 is connected with the top, the reversing valve 7 is switched, the pipeline branch 16 is disconnected, and the slurry is filled into the area to be filled 11 through the next pipeline branch 16; and sequentially operating until the filling area 11 is completely filled.
(5) And after the filling area 11 is filled, an operator immediately switches the last reversing valve 7 in the filling support, the pipeline branch 16 is cut off, the residual slurry and the clean water for flushing the filling pipeline 12 directly enter the drainage pipeline 8, the filling operation is finished, and after the filling area 11 enters a 8-hour setting period, the concrete filling column 6 is formed.
The third step: as shown in fig. 11 to 16, the auxiliary mining and transporting gateway 27.2 and the filling working face 26 are dug in parallel, the filling working face 26 and the auxiliary transporting gateway 27.2 are cut simultaneously by the continuous mining machine 10, the auxiliary transporting gateway 27.2 and the goaf of the filling working face 26 are supported, and the goaf of the filling working face 26 and the rubber transporting gateway 27.1 adjacent to the other side of the filling working face 26 are filled; when the coal wall 3 of the filling working face is 50 meters away from the rubber transportation main roadway, the auxiliary transportation crossheading 27.2 is directly tunneled to be communicated with the rubber transportation main roadway.
Take 3102 cut coal filling the face and cut coal of the secondary chute 27.2 as examples:
finishing the coal cutting work of the auxiliary transportation crossheading 27.2 during the coal cutting period of 3102 filling working faces, cutting coal by adopting a continuous mining machine 10, temporarily supporting a goaf of 3012 filling working faces by adopting a filling hydraulic support 9, temporarily supporting a to-be-filled area 11 by adopting a wood point column (3.3 m filling step) or a concrete strut 19(6.6 m filling step), and finally filling and supporting by adopting a paste filling method; the auxiliary transporting sequential groove 27.2 is used for temporary supporting.
The installation of the hydraulic filling support 9 is basically the same as the installation method of the 3101 filling working surface, except that before the 3102 filling working surface installation operation, the glue transportation smooth groove 27.1 is formed, the supporting equipment is ready, only the installation operation of the hydraulic filling support 9 is needed, and the installation operation of the 3102 filling working surface is carried out while the 3101 filling working surface retraction operation is carried out.
A main transportation system: the continuous miner 10 finishes coal cutting and coal loading, transfers coal to the shuttle car 13, transfers the coal to the crusher 14 by the shuttle car 13, and transfers the coal to the belt conveyor 15 in the rubber transportation crossheading 27.1 after the crusher 14 crushes large coal, and finally reaches the ground through the belt conveyor 15 of the rubber transportation main lane.
The fourth step: as shown in fig. 17 and 18, the withdrawal operation after the parallel excavation and filling work surface 26 and the auxiliary transportation gateway 27.2 are finished is performed in synchronization with the installation operation of the next filling work surface 26, and the empty roof area is gradually filled while the support operation is withdrawn; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) before the filling working face 26 is communicated with the rubber conveying main roadway, the supporting columns 17 of the supporting templates in the rubber conveying main roadway on the communicated side of the filling working face 26 are reinforced and supported.
(2) And withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports 9 and the template support columns 17 of the filling working surface 26 from inside to outside one by one, temporarily supporting the hollow area by adopting a temporary wood point column when one filling hydraulic support 9 is withdrawn, and filling the paste in the goaf once when 4 filling hydraulic supports 9 are withdrawn.
(3) Starting from one side of the next filling working face 26 adjacent to the auxiliary transport crossheading 27.2, cutting the filling working face 26 each time, and simultaneously carrying out temporary support on the goaf by adopting the template support columns 17, then replacing the template support columns 17 for temporary support with the filling hydraulic supports 9 withdrawn from the previous filling working face 26, carrying out mounting work of the filling hydraulic supports 9 of the new filling working face 26 frame by frame, gradually finishing mounting a row of filling hydraulic supports 9 in the goaf of the new filling working face 26 along the direction vertical to the mining direction, and simultaneously finishing the withdrawing work of the filling hydraulic supports 9 in the previous filling working face 26; ready for the next extraction operation into the glue gateway 27.1 and the filling face 26.
Taking the synchronous operation of withdrawing after the completion of 3102 filling the working surface and the auxiliary transporting crossheading 27.2 and installing 3103 filling the working surface as an example, the following is concretely explained:
(1)3102 when the filling working face is 50 m away from the major rubber transportation lane, directly tunneling the auxiliary transportation gate 27.2 to be communicated with the major rubber transportation lane, removing the belt conveyor 15 in the major rubber transportation gate 27.1, retracting the tail of the belt conveyor 15 of the major rubber transportation lane and butting the crusher 14, and arranging the equipment train 20 and the belt conveyor 15 of the major rubber transportation lane in parallel; and when 20 m of the glue transportation main lane is remained, reinforcing and supporting the glue transportation main lane at the through side, and supporting the template support pillars 17, wherein the pillar spacing is 0.875 m, and the line spacing is 1.0 m.
(2) Only one row of template support columns 17 is reserved after the glue transportation main roadway penetrates through, after the crushed coal at the penetrating position is cleaned, the tail of a glue transportation main roadway belt conveyor 15, a crusher 14 and an equipment train 20 are moved to the position outside the opening of 3103 glue transportation gate roads, the withdrawing operation of 3102 filling working faces is started, and the installation work of 3103 filling working faces is synchronously carried out.
(3) Withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports 9 and template support columns 17 for reinforcing support from No. 01 filling hydraulic support on 3102 filling working face one by one, temporarily supporting the goaf by adopting temporary wood point columns when withdrawing one filling hydraulic support 9, and filling paste once when withdrawing 4 filling hydraulic supports 9; meanwhile, starting from the auxiliary transportation crossheading 27.2 opening side of the 3103 filling working face, cutting 3103 filling working face each time, the depth is 8.6 meters and the width is 3.3 meters, adopting the template support columns 17 for temporary support, then replacing the template support columns 17 for temporary support with the filling hydraulic supports 9 withdrawn from the 3102 filling working face, mounting the filling hydraulic supports 9 of the 3103 filling working face one by one, finally completing the whole mounting work of 30 filling hydraulic supports 9, and basically finishing the withdrawing work of the 3102 filling working face.
(4)3103 after the hydraulic support 9 of the filling face is completely installed, the glue transportation crossheading is constructed and dug for 4.6 meters according to the designed opening position of the glue transportation crossheading 27.1; then, 3103 parallel operation of a filling working face and a glue transportation gateway 27.1 is carried out according to the filling step pitch of 3.3 meters, and the glue transportation main roadway is kept without being filled during the first filling operation; and (3) after the complete equipment facilities of the 3103 filling working surface are installed step by step, finishing the installation operation of the 3103 filling working surface formally and entering a normal production organization period (the filling step pitch is 3.3 meters or 6.6 meters).
The fifth step: when the subsequent filling working face and the rubber transportation crossheading adjacent to one side are excavated, the top plate of the rubber transportation crossheading and the goaf of the filling working face are supported, and the goaf of the filling working face and the auxiliary transportation crossheading adjacent to the other side of the filling working face are filled.
And continuing the second step to the fifth step, and circularly performing the operation until the excavation is finished.
The concrete filling column 6 has strong integrity and high bearing capacity, can be used for mining thin coal beds, medium-thick coal beds and thick coal beds, has loose application conditions and universal applicability; the method has no hard requirements on the lithological properties of the top and the bottom of the coal layer, can be used for mining thin coal layers, medium-thick coal layers and thick coal layers, can be used for mining operation of 'three lower' coal pressing, and can also be used for mining operation of mining areas, coal pillar recovery of mining areas of mines and the like; in the excavation operation, the influence of the accompanying mining pressure is small, and the operations of primary mining, filling mining, final mining and withdrawing are simple in process and relatively safe in operation environment; based on the fact that the influence of mining pressure accompanied in the mining operation is small, the temporary support of the area to be filled 11 and the tunneling support mode of the crossheading roadway are simple, the operation environment is safe, the support cost is low, and the labor intensity is low.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A coal pillar-free mining method for 'three lower' coal pressing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) filling section division: tunneling a plurality of groups of filling section main roadways, wherein each group of filling section main roadways comprises an auxiliary transportation main roadway, a glue transportation main roadway and a return air main roadway, and each group of filling section main roadways is surrounded with a filling section;
(b) filling face division: dividing each filling section into a plurality of filling working surfaces, determining the width and the filling step pitch of the filling working surfaces according to the filling capacity and the cutting distance of the continuous mining machine, and reserving a crossheading tunneling working surface between every two adjacent filling working surfaces, wherein the crossheading tunneling working surface comprises glue transportation crossroads and auxiliary transportation crossroads which are alternately arranged;
(c) excavating: in each filling section, the crossheading driving working faces between each filling working face and the next adjacent working face to be mined form a group of parallel mining operations, and each group of mining operations are continuously mined from inside to outside in a snake shape; the specific process is as follows:
the first step is as follows: excavating a first filling working face and the glue transportation crossheading adjacent to one side, supporting the glue transportation crossheading and the goaf of the filling working face, and filling the goaf of the filling working face and the air return main roadway adjacent to the other side of the filling working face;
the second step is that: after the parallel excavation of the filling working face and the glue transportation crossheading are finished, the retraction supporting operation and the supporting installation operation of the next filling working face are synchronously handed over; gradually filling the air top area and the corresponding air return main lane while withdrawing the supporting operation, and filling the air return main lane behind the supporting area after the handover is finished;
the third step: when the filling working face and the auxiliary conveying crossheading adjacent to one side are mined in parallel, the auxiliary conveying crossheading and the goaf of the filling working face are supported, and the goaf of the filling working face and the rubber conveying crossheading adjacent to the other side of the filling working face are filled;
the fourth step: the parallel excavation of the filling working face and the withdrawal operation after the completion of the auxiliary transportation crossheading are carried out synchronously with the installation operation of the next filling working face; gradually filling the empty roof area while withdrawing the supporting operation;
the fifth step: when the subsequent filling working face and the glue transportation crossheading adjacent to one side are mined, supporting a top plate of the glue transportation crossheading and a goaf of the filling working face, and filling the goaf of the filling working face and the auxiliary transportation crossheading adjacent to the other side of the filling working face;
and continuing the second step to the fifth step, and circularly performing the operation until the excavation is finished.
2. The coal pillar-free mining method for 'under three' briquetting coal according to claim 1, wherein the width H of the filling face is 57.75 m, and the filling step distance d is any one of 3.3 m and 6.6 m.
3. The coal pillar-free mining method for 'under three' briquetting coal according to claim 1, wherein the parallel mining of the rubber-conveying gate and the filling face comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting the coal body of the rubber transportation crossheading by adopting a continuous mining machine;
(2) when the rubber transportation crossheading cutting surface is ahead of the coal wall of the filling working surface by more than 6 meters, starting to cut coal on the filling working surface; and (4) continuing the first step operation until the coal wall of the filling working face is flush with the cutting face of the rubber transportation crossheading, and circularly performing the operation in such a way.
4. The coal pillar-free mining method for 'under three' coal compaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supporting operation is carried out on the rubber-conveying gate and the goaf of the filling face, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) digging the glue transportation crossheading for 4.6 meters from the opening of the glue transportation crossheading by a continuous mining machine, and carrying out anchor rod and anchor cable support on the top plate and the side part of the glue transportation crossheading;
(2) cutting and mining the filling working face from one side of the opening of the glue transportation crossheading to the other side, temporarily supporting by using template supporting columns in the cutting process, and gradually replacing the template supporting columns by using filling hydraulic supports;
(3) repeating the operation of the step (2), and gradually completing the installation work of supporting a row of filling hydraulic supports in the goaf of the filling working face along the direction vertical to the mining direction;
(4) and (5) gradually installing supporting equipment required by a filling working surface, finishing the installation operation, and enabling the filling section to enter a normal production organization cycle.
5. The coal pillar-free mining method of "under three" briquetting coal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parallel mining of said filling face and the withdrawal operation after the completion of said rubber-conveying crossheading are performed in synchronization with the installation operation of the next filling face, comprising the steps of:
(1) before the filling working face is communicated with the air return main roadway, supporting columns of the formwork are supported in the air return main roadway for reinforcing supporting;
(2) withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports and the template support columns of the filling working surface one by one from inside to outside, temporarily supporting the gob by adopting temporary wood point columns when one filling hydraulic support is withdrawn, and filling paste into the gob once when 4 filling hydraulic supports are withdrawn;
(3) starting from one side of the next filling working face adjacent to the rubber conveying crossheading, cutting the filling working face each time, and meanwhile, temporarily supporting a goaf by using the template support columns, then replacing the template support columns with the filling hydraulic supports withdrawn from the previous filling working face, and carrying out mounting work of the filling hydraulic supports of the new filling working face one by one, and gradually completing the operation of mounting a row of filling hydraulic supports in the goaf of the filling working face along the direction vertical to the mining direction;
(4) and after the filling hydraulic support of the new filling working surface is completely installed, performing concentrated paste filling operation on the space at the rear part of the filling hydraulic support.
6. The coal pillar-free mining method for 'under three' coal compaction according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary transportation crossheading and the filling face are dug in parallel, the filling face and the auxiliary transportation crossheading are cut simultaneously by a continuous mining machine, the auxiliary transportation crossheading and a goaf of the filling face are supported, and the goaf of the filling face and the rubber transportation crossheading adjacent to the other side of the filling face are filled.
7. The coal pillar-free mining method for 'under three' coal briquetting according to claim 6, wherein when the coal wall of the filling working face is 50 m away from the rubber main roadway, the auxiliary transporting crossheading is directly tunneled to be communicated with the rubber main roadway.
8. The coal pillar-free mining method for 'under three' coal compaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parallel mining of the filling working face and the withdrawal operation after the completion of the auxiliary transportation crossheading are performed in synchronization with the installation operation of the next filling working face, and the empty roof area is gradually filled while the support operation is withdrawn; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) before the filling working face is communicated with the glue transportation main roadway, reinforcing and supporting the supporting columns of the supporting templates in the glue transportation main roadway on the communicated side of the filling working face;
(2) withdrawing the filling hydraulic supports and the template support columns of the filling working surface from inside to outside one by one, temporarily supporting the hollow area by adopting a temporary wood point column when one filling hydraulic support is withdrawn, and filling the paste in the goaf once when 4 filling hydraulic supports are withdrawn;
(3) starting from one side of the next filling working face adjacent to the auxiliary transportation crossheading, cutting the filling working face each time, and simultaneously carrying out temporary support on a goaf by using the template support columns, then replacing the template support columns for temporary support with the filling hydraulic supports withdrawn from the previous filling working face, carrying out mounting work of the filling hydraulic supports of the new filling working face frame by frame, gradually finishing mounting a row of the filling hydraulic supports in the goaf of the new filling working face along the direction vertical to the mining direction, and simultaneously finishing the withdrawing work of the filling hydraulic supports in the previous filling working face; preparing for the next mining operation to enter the glue gateway and the fill face.
9. The coal pillar-free mining method of 'three-down' coal pressing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the paste filling operation comprises the steps of:
(1) the filling pipeline and the discharge pipeline are continuously connected, and the filling pipeline and the pipeline branch between the filling hydraulic supports are connected;
(2) plastic diaphragms are laid along the special templates and the closed tail beams of the filling hydraulic supports, and straw mats are laid locally to ensure effective isolation;
(3) switching a corresponding reversing valve to enable the filling pipeline to be communicated with the first pipeline branch, simultaneously blocking slurry from continuously flowing along the filling pipeline, pumping the slurry into the filling pipeline by a filling pump, and filling the slurry into a to-be-filled area from the filling pipeline to the first pipeline branch in the filling hydraulic support;
(4) after the slurry in the area to be filled at the first pipeline branch is connected with the top, switching the reversing valve at the first pipeline branch, disconnecting the pipeline branch at the first pipeline branch, and pouring the slurry into the area to be filled through the next pipeline branch; sequentially operating until the filling of the area to be filled is finished;
(5) and after the filling of the area to be filled is finished, an operator immediately switches the last reversing valve in the filling hydraulic support, the pipeline branch is disconnected, the residual slurry and the clean water for flushing the filling pipeline directly enter a drainage pipeline, the filling operation is finished, and the area to be filled enters a 8-hour solidification period.
10. The coal-pillar-free mining method for 'under three' pressing coal as claimed in claim 9, wherein the area to be filled is temporarily supported by using a wood-point pillar or a concrete pillar.
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