CN112626441B - Method and equipment for fusion deposition of heavy rare earth elements by using resistance wires on neodymium iron boron surface - Google Patents
Method and equipment for fusion deposition of heavy rare earth elements by using resistance wires on neodymium iron boron surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN112626441B CN112626441B CN202011466913.4A CN202011466913A CN112626441B CN 112626441 B CN112626441 B CN 112626441B CN 202011466913 A CN202011466913 A CN 202011466913A CN 112626441 B CN112626441 B CN 112626441B
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and equipment for depositing heavy rare earth elements on a neodymium iron boron surface resistance wire in a melting mode, relates to the technical field of manufacturing of permanent magnet materials, and is mainly used for solving the problems that the existing method for depositing the heavy rare earth elements on the neodymium iron boron surface permanent magnet materials is complex in process and uneven in distribution of the heavy rare earth elements. The method comprises the following steps: s1, preprocessing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material; s2, introducing a vacuum chamber and a transition chamber; s3, melting the wire containing the heavy rare earth element by a resistance wire melting nozzle and depositing the wire on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material; and S4, cooling. The structure includes: the conveying belt, along its conveyer belt set gradually acidizing pond, isostatic pressing cavity, vacuum chamber, transition chamber, fused deposition chamber and cooling chamber. According to the method and the equipment for carrying out the fused deposition on the heavy rare earth elements by using the resistance wire on the neodymium iron boron surface, provided by the invention, the heavy rare earth elements can be uniformly deposited on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material by using the resistance wire fused deposition method, and meanwhile, the preparation process is simplified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet material manufacturing, in particular to a method and equipment for carrying out fusion deposition on heavy rare earth elements by using a resistance wire on a neodymium iron boron surface.
Background
The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is a material with good comprehensive magnet performance and is widely applied to various large electronic products such as mobile phones, earphones, batteries and the like. Currently, neodymium iron boron can be mainly divided into sintered neodymium iron boron and bonded neodymium iron boron. In order to meet different requirements on magnetic properties such as magnetic energy product and coercive force, some heavy rare earth metals are often doped or substituted in the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material. However, considering the characteristics of difficulty in developing heavy rare earth elements, complex extraction process, high use cost, small storage capacity compared with other metals and the like, even if only a small amount of heavy rare earth elements are doped in neodymium iron boron, the cost of related products is high. In fact, in the process of doping or adding heavy rare earth elements into neodymium iron boron, which is the mainstream at present, the utilization rate of the heavy rare earth element material is not high, and unnecessary waste is caused.
In order to reduce the problem of the use amount of heavy rare earth elements, a plurality of related researches are carried out at home and abroad. The current mainstream technical method is to diffuse heavy rare earth elements into the neodymium iron boron material by adopting a grain boundary infiltration technology. Common methods for adding heavy rare earth elements by grain boundary infiltration include vapor deposition, double alloy powder, thermal spraying, immersion deposition and the like. The methods are all that heavy rare earth elements are ground into powder to prepare slurry, then the slurry is deposited on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material, and then heat treatment is carried out to enable the heavy rare earth elements to permeate into the neodymium iron boron substrate. However, these methods cannot ensure that the powder has the same particle size, and also cannot ensure the amount of the powder in a unit space, so that the heavy rare earth elements are unevenly distributed and have poor binding performance, and further the heavy rare earth deposition layer is easy to fall off from the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material substrate. Meanwhile, the existing method has the defect of complex process. In addition, the existing neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material coating method cannot deposit the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material with irregularity and more surface defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for carrying out fused deposition on heavy rare earth elements by using a resistance wire on a neodymium iron boron surface, which can uniformly deposit the heavy rare earth elements on the surface of a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material by using the method for carrying out fused deposition on the resistance wire and also simplifies the preparation process.
Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of implementing the above method.
The technical scheme for solving the former technical problem of the invention is as follows: a method for carrying out fused deposition on heavy rare earth elements by using a resistance wire on a neodymium iron boron surface comprises the following steps:
s1, purifying and flattening the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material;
s2, sequentially introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material into a vacuum chamber and a transition chamber;
s3, introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material into a melting deposition chamber, heating and melting a wire containing heavy rare earth elements by using a resistance wire melting nozzle, and depositing a molten body on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material;
and S4, introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material subjected to deposition treatment into a cooling chamber for cooling.
As a further improvement of the present invention, step S4 is followed by the following steps:
and S5, grinding, polishing and electroplating the cooled neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material with the surface fused with the heavy rare earth elements.
As a further improvement of the invention, the wire material at least contains any one heavy rare earth element of Tb, Dy and Ho.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the purification in step S1 means an acidification treatment using a nitric acid solution, and the planarization means an isostatic pressure treatment.
The technical scheme for solving the second technical problem of the invention is as follows: the equipment for performing fusion deposition on the heavy rare earth elements by using the neodymium iron boron surface resistance wire comprises a horizontally arranged conveyor belt, wherein an acidification pool, an isostatic pressing chamber, a vacuum chamber, a transition chamber, a fusion deposition chamber and a cooling chamber are sequentially arranged on the conveyor belt along the feeding direction of the conveyor belt, and the vacuum chamber, the transition chamber and the fusion deposition chamber are of an integrated structure; a lifting platform capable of moving up and down is horizontally arranged in the fused deposition chamber, and a resistance wire fused spray head capable of moving horizontally at a constant speed is arranged above the lifting platform.
As a further improvement of the invention, a first guide rail arranged along the feeding direction of the conveyor belt is horizontally arranged above the lifting platform, a second guide rail capable of moving at a uniform speed in a reciprocating manner along the extension direction of the first guide rail is horizontally arranged at the lower part of the first guide rail, and an included angle between the first guide rail and the second guide rail is 90 degrees; and a nozzle mounting device capable of moving at a uniform speed in a reciprocating manner along the extension direction of the second guide rail is arranged at the lower part of the second guide rail, and a positioning sensor, a temperature control device and a resistance wire melting nozzle which is just opposite to the lifting platform are arranged on the nozzle mounting device.
As a further improvement of the invention, screw rods which are in threaded fit with the lifting platform and can axially rotate are vertically arranged on two sides of the lifting platform.
As a further improvement of the invention, the resistance wire melting nozzle comprises a melting nozzle, a melting channel which is arranged along the axis of the melting nozzle in a penetrating manner and is used for inserting the wire material is arranged on the melting nozzle, the middle section of the melting channel is surrounded by a heat transfer element, a high-temperature resistance wire connected with a temperature control device is arranged in the heat transfer element, and the resistance wire melting nozzle also comprises a nozzle shell which is arranged outside the melting nozzle in a wrapping manner;
be equipped with the gaseous chamber of passing through between shower nozzle shell inner wall and the melting nozzle, shower nozzle shell lower extreme is equipped with the spout with the coaxial setting of exit end of melting passageway, shower nozzle shell upper end still is equipped with and is used for to the melting passageway confession silk material and is used for passing through the input tube that the chamber supplied water conservancy diversion gas to the air current.
As a further improvement of the invention, a temperature measuring element connected with a temperature control device is further arranged in the heat transfer element, and a heat conducting pipeline arranged on the inner wall of the melting channel is arranged between the melting channel and the wire material.
As a further improvement of the invention, the outer wall of the lower part of the melting nozzle is of a funnel-shaped structure which forms an included angle of 50 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the outer shell of the spray head is provided with a flow guide part of which the inner wall is parallel to the outer wall of the lower part of the melting nozzle around the spray opening.
Technical effects
Compared with the prior art, the method and the equipment for carrying out fusion deposition on the heavy rare earth elements by using the neodymium iron boron surface resistance wire have the advantages that:
1. in the method, heavy rare earth element materials are made into wires, then the heavy rare earth element wires are melted into a molten mass by using a resistance wire melting nozzle and are uniformly deposited on the surface of a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material matrix to form a layer of heavy rare earth element enrichment area. Compared with the existing method of crushing the heavy rare earth elements into powder, preparing slurry, depositing the slurry on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material and performing heat treatment, the resistance wire melting nozzle can melt the wire into a molten mass with the heavy rare earth elements uniformly distributed, and the molten mass is deposited on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material matrix, so that the heavy rare earth elements can be uniformly distributed. The bonding performance of the heavy rare earth coating and the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material matrix is improved, and the problem that the heavy rare earth coating is easy to fall off from the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material matrix is solved. Meanwhile, the resistance wire melting nozzle can melt the wire into a melt with the heavy rare earth elements uniformly distributed, so that the subsequent heat treatment process is omitted, and the preparation process can be simplified on the premise of improving the utilization rate of the heavy rare earth elements and reducing the dosage of the heavy rare earth elements.
2. The purification in step S1 means an acidification treatment using a nitric acid solution, and the planarization means an isostatic pressing treatment. The purpose of the acidification treatment is to remove surface impurities of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material, and the purpose of the isostatic pressing treatment is to flatten the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material. The surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is smooth and flat, and the defect that heavy rare earth elements cannot be deposited on the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material with irregularity and many surface defects is overcome.
3. In the device, utilize acidizing pond and isostatic pressing cavity to carry out acidizing and isostatic pressing to neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material, make neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material surface accomplish smoothly and level, and then just solved the defect that irregular, many surface defects's neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material can't deposit heavy rare earth element. Meanwhile, the vacuum chamber, the transition chamber and the fused deposition chamber are of an integrated structure, so that the resistance wire fused spray head can be ensured to be in a vacuum state, other impurities are prevented from being brought into a deposition layer in the deposition process, and the coating quality is ensured. In addition, because the lifting platform can drive the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material to move up and down, and the resistance wire melting spray head which can move horizontally at a constant speed is matched, the position and the thickness of deposition can be freely selected, and the utilization rate of heavy rare earth elements and the use cost of the heavy rare earth elements are favorably improved. Moreover, the requirement on the specific thickness of the deposited heavy rare earth element wire can be met by changing the deposition times.
4. Through first guide rail, second guide rail and lead screw, cooperation positioning sensor, can pinpoint heavy rare earth element silk material and be deposited in the concrete position on neodymium iron boron permanent-magnet material surface, and then make resistance wire melting shower nozzle realize X, Y, Z triaxial linkage, controllability and precision all improve greatly.
5. The resistance wire melting spray head comprises a melting spray nozzle, a melting channel which is arranged along the axis of the melting spray nozzle in a penetrating mode and used for inserting the wires is arranged on the melting spray nozzle, the middle section of the melting channel is surrounded by a heat transfer element, a high-temperature resistance wire connected with a temperature control device is arranged in the heat transfer element, and the resistance wire melting spray head further comprises a spray head shell which is arranged outside the melting spray nozzle in a wrapping mode. The temperature control device is used for controlling the high-temperature resistance wire to start, and the high temperature generated by the high-temperature resistance wire can be transmitted to the wire through the heat transfer element, so that the aim of melting the wire into a molten mass is fulfilled.
6. A gas passing cavity is arranged between the inner wall of the sprayer shell and the melting nozzle, a nozzle which is coaxial with the outlet end of the melting channel is arranged at the lower end of the sprayer shell, and an input pipe which is used for supplying wire materials to the melting channel and supplying diversion gas to the gas flow passing cavity is further arranged at the upper end of the sprayer shell. Designing an air flow passing cavity, forming air flow at the nozzle by using inert guide gas sprayed from the nozzle, further forming pressure difference between the nozzle and the outlet of the melting nozzle, and sucking out and depositing the molten mass to the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material. In addition, the operator can control the spraying amount of the molten mass in unit time by controlling the gas flow rate and adjusting the pressure difference, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the thickness of the deposition layer.
7. The heat transfer element is also internally provided with a temperature measuring element connected with the temperature control device. The temperature control device, the high-temperature resistance wire and the temperature measuring element are matched, the temperature of the melt of the heavy rare earth element wire can be monitored and adjusted in real time, and the method of heating and transferring heat to the heavy rare earth element wire by the high-temperature resistance wire can effectively avoid the problem of bubbles when other rapid melting modes are used. Meanwhile, the high-temperature resistance wire has lower manufacturing cost compared with laser and the like, and the high-temperature resistance wire can control the dropping speed of the molten mass by controlling the heating rate, so that the aim of controlling the thickness of the deposition layer is fulfilled.
8. A heat conduction pipeline arranged on the inner wall of the melting channel is arranged between the melting channel and the wire, and the temperature generated by the high-temperature resistance wire can be transmitted to the wire.
9. The outer wall of the lower part of the melting nozzle is of a funnel-shaped structure which forms an included angle of 50 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the outer shell of the spray head is provided with a flow guide part of which the inner wall is parallel to the outer wall of the lower part of the melting nozzle around the nozzle. The water conservancy diversion portion cooperates with the outer wall of the melting nozzle lower part that leaks hopper-shaped, can guide the gas flow direction, keeps the blowout direction perpendicular to neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material base member surface of melt, and then has guaranteed the deposit effect.
The invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a process flow of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the resistance wire melting nozzle in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural view of the resistance wire melting nozzle of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a conveyor belt; 2-an acidification tank; 3-isostatic chamber; 31-isostatic press; 4-a vacuum chamber; 41-a vacuum generator; 5-a transition chamber; 6-fused deposition chamber; 61-a lifting platform; 611-a screw rod; 62-a first guide track; 63-a second guide track; 64-a spray head mounting means; 7-resistance wire fusion nozzle; 71-a melt nozzle; 711-heat conducting pipes; 72-a heat transfer element; 721-high temperature resistance wire; 722-a temperature measuring element; 73-a nozzle housing; 731-input tube; 732-gas passing through the cavity; 733-nozzle; 734-a flow guide; 8-a cooling chamber; 81-cooling water tank; 82-a fan.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a method for carrying out fused deposition on heavy rare earth elements by using a resistance wire on a neodymium iron boron surface, which comprises the following steps:
s1, purifying and flattening the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material;
s2, sequentially introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material into the vacuum chamber 4 and the transition chamber 5 to complete the process of stably transitioning from the air environment to the vacuum environment;
s3, introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material into the melting deposition chamber 6, heating and melting a wire containing heavy rare earth elements by using a resistance wire melting nozzle 7, and depositing a molten body on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material, wherein the distance between the resistance wire melting nozzle 7 and the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is about 1-2 mm, and the wetting angle between the molten body and a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material base material is kept in a range of 30-75 degrees;
s4, introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material subjected to deposition treatment into a cooling chamber 8, cooling the heated and melted heavy rare earth element wire, and ensuring that the heavy rare earth element wire has processes of air transition to vacuum and vacuum transition to air before and after the coating process;
and S5, grinding, polishing and electroplating the cooled neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material with the surface fused with the heavy rare earth elements. Specifically, the sanding treatment needs sanding abrasive paper with 280 meshes, 500 meshes, 800 meshes, 1200 meshes, 1500 meshes, 2000 meshes, 3000 meshes and 5000 meshes to be sanded in sequence, the sanding surface is a heavy rare earth element fusion deposition layer, the sanded material is guaranteed to be parallel to the abrasive paper and evenly stressed during sanding, the sanding force is moderate, sanding needs to be conducted at least twice during sanding on each mesh of abrasive paper, and the sanded material is sanded for the second time after being rotated by 90 degrees after being sanded for each time. After polishing, degreasing the neodymium iron boron-heavy rare earth element product by using an alkaline solution, then putting the product into an acidic solution for chemical polishing, and after polishing, activating, and simultaneously, carrying out ultrasonic water washing before and after activation. And plating nickel, copper, zinc and the like on the surface of the polished neodymium iron boron-heavy rare earth element product by adopting an electroplating method so as to ensure the appearance and the surface corrosion resistance of the product.
In the method, heavy rare earth element materials are made into wires, then the heavy rare earth element wires are melted into a molten mass by using a resistance wire melting nozzle 7 and are uniformly deposited on the surface of a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material matrix to form a layer of heavy rare earth element enrichment area. Compared with the existing method of crushing the heavy rare earth elements into powder, preparing slurry, depositing the slurry on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material and performing heat treatment, the resistance wire melting nozzle 7 can melt the wire into a molten mass with the heavy rare earth elements uniformly distributed, and the molten mass is deposited on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material substrate, so that the heavy rare earth elements can be uniformly distributed. The bonding performance of the heavy rare earth coating and the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material matrix is improved, and the problem that the heavy rare earth coating is easy to fall off from the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material matrix is solved. Meanwhile, the resistance wire melting nozzle 7 can melt the wire into a melt with the heavy rare earth elements uniformly distributed, so that the subsequent heat treatment process is omitted, and the preparation process can be simplified on the premise of improving the utilization rate of the heavy rare earth elements and reducing the dosage of the heavy rare earth elements.
In this embodiment, the wire contains at least one heavy rare earth element selected from Tb, Dy, and Ho. The wire material has uniform thickness, certain ductility and flexibility, and is easy to be made into wire shape.
The purification in step S1 is performed by acidification with a nitric acid solution, and the planarization is performed by isostatic pressing. Soaking the neodymium iron boron material in a nitric acid solution can enable the neodymium iron boron material to be in an acid environment and remove impurity ions, nitrate is easy to remove in subsequent treatment, and the neodymium iron boron material is in a state of being not easy to oxidize. The pressing by the isostatic pressing machine 31 can ensure that the particles on the outermost surface layer of the neodymium iron boron material are positioned on the same plane, so that the relative spatial position of the fused deposition nozzle 7 and the neodymium iron boron material can be accurately positioned by a positioning sensor in the subsequent fused deposition process. Meanwhile, the grains in the neodymium iron boron material can be combined more tightly by isostatic pressing. The surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is smooth and flat, and the defect that the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material with irregularity and many surface defects cannot be coated with heavy rare earth elements is overcome.
Regarding the specific structure of the equipment, as shown in fig. 2-4, the invention discloses equipment for performing fusion deposition on heavy rare earth elements by using a neodymium iron boron surface resistance wire, which comprises a horizontally arranged conveyor belt 1, wherein an acidification pool 2, an isostatic pressing chamber 3, a vacuum chamber 4, a transition chamber 5, a fusion deposition chamber 6 and a cooling chamber 8 are sequentially arranged on the conveyor belt 1 along the feeding direction of the conveyor belt. Wherein, the vacuum chamber 4, the transition chamber 5 and the fused deposition chamber 6 are of an integrated structure. An isostatic pressing machine 31 is arranged in the isostatic pressing chamber 3; a vacuum generator 41 is arranged in the vacuum chamber 4; the cooling chamber 8 includes a cooling water tank 81 and a fan 82. A lifting platform 61 capable of moving up and down is horizontally arranged in the fused deposition chamber 6, and a resistance wire fused nozzle 7 capable of moving horizontally at a uniform speed is arranged above the lifting platform 61.
The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is subjected to acidizing treatment and isostatic pressing treatment by utilizing the acidizing pool 2 and the isostatic pressing chamber 3, so that the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material can be smooth and flat, and the defect that the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material with irregularity and many surface defects cannot deposit heavy rare earth elements is overcome. Meanwhile, the vacuum chamber 4, the transition chamber 5 and the fused deposition chamber 6 are of an integrated structure, so that the resistance wire fused spray head 7 can be ensured to be in a vacuum state, other impurities are prevented from being brought into a deposition layer in the deposition process, and the coating quality is ensured. In addition, because the lifting platform 61 can drive the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material to move up and down, and the resistance wire melting spray head 7 capable of moving horizontally at a constant speed is matched, the position and the thickness of deposition can be freely selected, and the utilization rate of heavy rare earth elements can be improved, and the use cost of the heavy rare earth elements can be reduced. Moreover, the requirement on the specific thickness of the deposited heavy rare earth element wire can be met by changing the deposition times.
Wherein, a first guide rail 62 arranged along the feeding direction of the conveyor belt 1 is horizontally arranged above the lifting platform 61. The lower part of the first guide rail 62 is horizontally provided with a second guide rail 63 which can move at a uniform speed in a reciprocating manner along the extending direction of the first guide rail. The angle between the first guide rail 62 and the second guide rail 63 is 90 °. The lower part of the second guide rail 63 is provided with a nozzle mounting device 64 which can move at a uniform speed in a reciprocating manner along the extending direction of the second guide rail. The nozzle mounting device 64 is provided with a positioning sensor, a temperature control device and a resistance wire melting nozzle 7 which is arranged right opposite to the lifting platform 61. The lifting platform 61 is vertically provided with screw rods 611 which are in threaded fit with the lifting platform and can axially rotate. Through the first guide rail 62, the second guide rail 63, the lead screw 611 and the positioning sensor, the specific position of the heavy rare earth element wire deposited on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material can be accurately positioned, so that X, Y, Z triaxial linkage is realized by the resistance wire melting nozzle 7, and the controllability and the precision are greatly improved.
Also, the resistance wire fusing nozzle 7 includes a fusing nozzle 71. The melting nozzle 71 is provided with a melting passage through which the filament material is inserted, the melting passage being provided along the axis thereof. The melt channel midsection is surrounded by a heat transfer element 72. A high-temperature resistance wire 721 connected with a temperature control device is arranged in the heat transfer element 72. The resistance wire melt nozzle 7 further includes a nozzle housing 73 that surrounds and is disposed outside the melt nozzle 71. The high-temperature resistance wire 721 is controlled by the temperature control device to start and control the temperature, the high temperature generated by the high-temperature resistance wire 721 can be transmitted to the wire material through the heat transfer element 72, and the purpose of melting the wire material into a molten mass is achieved
A gas passing chamber 732 is provided between the inner wall of the head housing 73 and the melt nozzle 71. The lower end of the nozzle housing 73 is provided with a nozzle 733 provided coaxially with the outlet end of the melting channel. The upper end of the nozzle housing 73 is also provided with an inlet pipe 731 for supplying wire to the melt channel and for supplying a pilot gas to the gas flow through chamber 732. The gas flow is designed to pass through the cavity 732, and inert guide gas ejected from the nozzle 733 is used to form a gas flow at the nozzle 733, so that a pressure difference is formed between the nozzle 733 and the outlet of the melting nozzle 71, and the molten mass is sucked out and deposited on the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material. In addition, the operator can control the spraying amount of the molten mass in unit time by controlling the gas flow rate and adjusting the pressure difference, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the thickness of the deposition layer. Specifically, the gas flow is 15-45L/min.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3-4, the input tube 731 is used for delivering the filament and the guiding gas simultaneously, so that the outer wall of the filament is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the input tube 731, and the guiding gas passes through the clearance. Wherein, the main pipeline of the input pipe 731 is connected with the output end of the silk material supply device, and meanwhile, the input pipe 731 is also connected with a branch pipe for inputting diversion gas.
Meanwhile, a temperature measuring element 722 connected with a temperature control device is arranged in the heat transfer element 72. The temperature control device, the high-temperature resistance wire 721 and the temperature measuring element 722 are matched, so that the temperature of the melt of the heavy rare earth element wire can be monitored and adjusted in real time, and the bubble problem caused by other rapid melting modes can be effectively avoided by the method that the high-temperature resistance wire 721 heats and transfers heat to the heavy rare earth element wire. Meanwhile, the high-temperature resistance wire 721 has lower manufacturing cost compared with laser and the like. In addition, the high-temperature resistance wire 721 can control the dropping speed of the molten mass by controlling the heating rate, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the thickness of the deposition layer. In this embodiment, a heat conduction pipe 711 installed on the inner wall of the melting channel is disposed between the melting channel and the wire, so that the temperature generated by the high-temperature resistance wire 721 can be transferred to the wire, and the heat conduction speed is increased.
In addition, the outer wall of the lower portion of the melting nozzle 71 is a funnel-shaped structure which is arranged at an angle of 50 degrees with the horizontal plane. The head casing 73 is provided with a flow guide portion 734 having an inner wall parallel to the lower outer wall of the melt nozzle 71 around the spout 733. The flow guide portion 734 is matched with the outer wall of the lower portion of the funnel-shaped melting nozzle 71, and can guide the gas flow direction, so that the spraying direction of the molten mass is kept perpendicular to the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material base body, and the deposition effect is further guaranteed.
In this embodiment, it should be noted that:
the high temperature resistance wire 721 can be silicon-molybdenum rod including but not limited to 1800 type and 1900 type. The silicon-molybdenum rod can adopt shapes including but not limited to U-shaped and W-shaped. And the heating rate of the 1800 type and 1900 type silicon-molybdenum rods is set to be 1 ℃/h to 40 ℃/min. The tail end of the high-temperature resistance wire 721 is arranged close to the heavy rare earth element wire. In addition, the high temperature resistance wire 721 and the heavy rare earth wire cannot be directly contacted, and the temperature should be conducted by the heat transfer element 72 and the heat conduction pipeline 711.
The temperature sensing element 722 may be a thermocouple including, but not limited to, a platinum rhodium thermocouple, a platinum rhodium platinum thermocouple type B.
The present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed above, and is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent combinations, which are made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for carrying out fused deposition on heavy rare earth elements by using a neodymium iron boron surface resistance wire is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, purifying and flattening the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material;
s2, sequentially introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material into the vacuum chamber (4) and the transition chamber (5);
s3, introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material into a melting deposition chamber (6), heating and melting wire materials containing heavy rare earth elements by using a resistance wire melting nozzle (7), and depositing a molten mass on the surface of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material;
s4, introducing the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material subjected to deposition treatment into a cooling chamber (8) for cooling;
the resistance wire melting spray head (7) comprises a melting spray nozzle (71), a melting channel which is arranged along the axis of the melting spray nozzle (71) in a penetrating mode and is used for inserting a wire material is arranged on the melting spray nozzle (71), the middle section of the melting channel is surrounded by a heat transfer element (72), a high-temperature resistance wire (721) connected with a temperature control device is arranged in the heat transfer element (72), and the resistance wire melting spray head (7) further comprises a spray head shell (73) which is arranged outside the melting spray nozzle (71) in a wrapping mode;
be equipped with between shower nozzle shell (73) inner wall and melting nozzle (71) that gaseous passes through chamber (732), shower nozzle shell (73) lower extreme is equipped with spout (733) with the coaxial setting of outlet end of melting channel, shower nozzle shell (73) upper end still is equipped with and is used for to the silk material of melting channel feeding and is used for passing through input tube (731) that chamber (732) supplied water conservancy diversion gas to the air current.
2. The method for the fusion deposition of the heavy rare earth elements by the resistance wire with the neodymium iron boron surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the following steps after the step S4:
and S5, grinding, polishing and electroplating the cooled neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material with the surface fused with the heavy rare earth elements.
3. The method for fusion deposition of heavy rare earth elements by using the resistance wire with the neodymium iron boron surface as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the wire at least contains any one of Tb, Dy and Ho.
4. The method for the fusion deposition of the heavy rare earth elements by the resistance wire on the surface of the neodymium iron boron according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein the purification in the step S1 refers to the acidification treatment by using nitric acid solution, and the flattening refers to the isostatic pressing treatment.
5. The equipment for performing the fused deposition on the heavy rare earth elements by using the neodymium iron boron surface resistance wire is characterized by comprising a conveying belt (1) which is horizontally arranged, wherein an acidification pool (2), an isostatic pressing chamber (3), a vacuum chamber (4), a transition chamber (5), a fused deposition chamber (6) and a cooling chamber (8) are sequentially arranged on the conveying belt (1) along the feeding direction of the conveying belt, and the vacuum chamber (4), the transition chamber (5) and the fused deposition chamber (6) are of an integrated structure; a lifting platform (61) capable of moving up and down is horizontally arranged in the fused deposition chamber (6), and a resistance wire fusing nozzle (7) capable of moving horizontally at a constant speed is arranged above the lifting platform (61);
a first guide rail (62) arranged along the feeding direction of the conveyor belt (1) is horizontally arranged above the lifting platform (61), a second guide rail (63) capable of moving at a uniform speed in a reciprocating manner along the extension direction of the first guide rail (62) is horizontally arranged at the lower part of the first guide rail (62), and an included angle between the first guide rail (62) and the second guide rail (63) is 90 degrees; a spray head mounting device (64) capable of moving at a constant speed in a reciprocating manner along the extension direction of the second guide rail (63) is arranged at the lower part of the second guide rail (63), and a positioning sensor, a temperature control device and a resistance wire melting spray head (7) which is arranged right opposite to the lifting platform (61) are arranged on the spray head mounting device (64); the resistance wire melting spray head (7) comprises a melting spray nozzle (71), a melting channel which is penetrated through along the axis of the melting spray nozzle (71) and is used for inserting a wire material is arranged on the melting spray nozzle (71), the middle section of the melting channel is surrounded by a heat transfer element (72), a high-temperature resistance wire (721) connected with a temperature control device is arranged in the heat transfer element (72), and the resistance wire melting spray head (7) further comprises a spray head shell (73) which is wrapped outside the melting spray nozzle (71); be equipped with between shower nozzle shell (73) inner wall and melting nozzle (71) that gaseous passes through chamber (732), shower nozzle shell (73) lower extreme is equipped with spout (733) with the coaxial setting of outlet end of melting channel, shower nozzle shell (73) upper end still is equipped with and is used for to the silk material of melting channel feeding and is used for passing through input tube (731) that chamber (732) supplied water conservancy diversion gas to the air current.
6. The equipment for the fusion deposition of the heavy rare earth elements by the resistance wire on the surface of the neodymium iron boron according to the claim 5 is characterized in that two sides of the lifting platform (61) are vertically provided with screw rods (611) which are in threaded fit with the lifting platform and can axially rotate.
7. The equipment for the fusion deposition of the heavy rare earth elements by the resistance wire on the surface of the neodymium iron boron as claimed in claim 5, wherein a temperature measuring element (722) connected with a temperature control device is further arranged in the heat transfer element (72), and a heat conducting pipeline (711) arranged on the inner wall of the melting channel is arranged between the melting channel and the wire.
8. The equipment for melting and depositing the heavy rare earth elements by using the neodymium iron boron surface resistance wire as the claimed in claim 7, wherein the outer wall of the lower part of the melting nozzle (71) is of a funnel-shaped structure which forms an included angle of 50 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the flow guide part (734) with the inner wall parallel to the outer wall of the lower part of the melting nozzle (71) is arranged on the periphery of the nozzle opening (733) of the spray head shell (73).
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| CN103258633A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-08-21 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing R-Fe-B series sintered magnets |
| CN104576016A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-29 | 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 | Surface treatment method and manufacturing method for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet |
| CN105655077A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-06-08 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-coercive-force neodymium iron boron |
| EP3432322A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-23 | Yantai Shougang Magnetic Materials Inc. | Method of improving coercivity of ndfeb magnets |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3897724B2 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2007-03-28 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | Manufacturing method of micro, high performance sintered rare earth magnets for micro products |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103258633A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-08-21 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing R-Fe-B series sintered magnets |
| CN104576016A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2015-04-29 | 北京中科三环高技术股份有限公司 | Surface treatment method and manufacturing method for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnet |
| CN105655077A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-06-08 | 烟台正海磁性材料股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of high-coercive-force neodymium iron boron |
| EP3432322A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-23 | Yantai Shougang Magnetic Materials Inc. | Method of improving coercivity of ndfeb magnets |
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