CN112625767A - 一种汽油清净剂组合物 - Google Patents

一种汽油清净剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN112625767A
CN112625767A CN202011596288.5A CN202011596288A CN112625767A CN 112625767 A CN112625767 A CN 112625767A CN 202011596288 A CN202011596288 A CN 202011596288A CN 112625767 A CN112625767 A CN 112625767A
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胡坚南
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Shandong New Blue Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种汽油清净剂组合物，其由如下组分构成：（1）一种聚异丁烯胺；（2）一种含有至少一个羟基的油溶性聚醚；（3）加氢型基础油；（4）一种稀释溶剂；（5）一种酸性或中性的防锈剂；（6）一种油溶性破乳剂；（7）一种燃油减摩剂。使用该组合物能够有效清除点燃式汽车发动机供油系统，包括油路、燃油喷嘴和发动机进气阀等部位已有的胶质、积碳等沉积物，并可抑制新的沉积物的生成，同时还具有防锈效果，并能改善汽油的润滑性能。

Description

一种汽油清净剂组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽油清净剂组合物。该组合物添加到车用汽油中，能够抑制并清除发动机供油系统内部的沉积物，减少汽油对金属的腐蚀，并改善汽油的润滑性能。
背景技术
随着全世界对环境污染和能源消耗问题的日益关注，促进了汽车技术的不断进步，各种新技术在汽车上的应用对车用汽油的品质也提出了更高的要求，特别是对车用燃料的清净性提出了严格的要求。目前在用的汽油车，大部分使用了具有电子控制燃料直接喷射技术的发动机。由于汽油未完全燃尽的烃类所发生的复杂化学反应，会导致燃烧室中沉渣、积炭等的产生，进一步在发动机中生成积炭与焦质，严重影响发动机的工作状况，造成功率下降、尾气污染物排放增加以及油耗增大。经研究发现，烯烃（特别是共轭烯烃）容易造成燃油喷嘴沉积物生成量增加，且对燃烧室沉积物的生成有一定影响；而芳烃则对进气阀、燃烧室等处的沉积物影响更为明显。芳烃中（特别是其中的高沸点组分）含量的增加容易造成进气阀沉积物与燃烧室沉积物的增加。
在中国专利CN200410069126中，介绍了一种汽油清净剂组合物。其组分包括有：一种聚异丁烯胺；一种以上带有烷基酚和/或二羟基的聚醚和两种以上聚氧乙烯醚。该组合物能有效地去除点燃式汽车发动机燃油系统所形成的油泥和沉胶，并且能够抑制沉胶在上述部位的生成。使用该组合物可以减少燃油消耗，提高发动机动力，降低一氧化碳、碳氢化合物等有害物质排放量，使燃烧更充分。
在中国专利CN200710152389.1中，介绍了一种能减少汽油发动机燃烧室沉积物的汽油清净剂。该剂包括一种高表面活性的聚异丁烯胺及一种油溶性优良的聚醚载液和其助溶剂、抗氧剂、防锈剂、防腐剂、破乳剂。该发明的清净剂按400～600ppm剂量添加到市售的车用汽油中，不仅能抑制和清洗汽车发动机燃油进气系统的喷油嘴、进气阀，而且还能明显的减少汽油发动机燃烧室的沉积物。使用含本发明清净剂的车用汽油比用当前市场上含清净剂的车用汽油在燃烧室内的沉积物增量可减少50％以上。在上述专利中，使用的聚醚类产品为环氧丁烷制备，或由烷基酚引发环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷制备。
在中国专利CN110240959A中，公开了一种汽油清洁剂，由以下原料制备而成：溶剂50重量份～70重量份；分散剂10重量份～30重量份；清洁剂10重量份～25重量份；增溶剂5重量份～30重量份；所述清洁剂为分子量为1000～1500的端氨基聚氧化丙烯。
上述这些专利其功能主要是以清除并抑制发动机供油系统内部沉积物的生成为主，节能也仅仅通过积碳的清除使车辆油耗恢复至接近设计水平而实现。目前随着人们对节能要求的不断提升，需要通过改善添加剂配方，引入新的作用机理，来进一步提升产品的节油效果。
因此，本发明在常规汽油清净剂配方组分的基础上，引入了燃油减摩剂组分。该组分可随燃油在发动机运行过程中喷射进入燃烧室，进入活塞环与缸套间的缝隙，起到部分降低活塞环与缸套的作用。同时还有少量燃油减摩剂组分可通过活塞环与缸套间的缝隙串入机油当中，起到一定的减摩作用。通过发动机油路沉积物的清洗，以及提供部分减摩效果，从而进一步提升产品对车辆燃油效率的影响，增加产品的节能效果。
发明内容
针对出现的上述问题，本发明提出了一种汽油清净剂组合物，其包括以下组分:
（1）一种聚异丁烯胺
该聚异丁烯胺由末端α双键含量不低于75%的聚异丁烯为原料，与乙二胺、分子结构中含有不高于六个氮的多乙烯多胺（即五乙烯六胺）或二者的混合物反应制备，产物的分子量Mn=800~1200。其具体结构大致如下：
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，n=15至23
式中R1和R2为H，或下面的取代胺基团
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
， m=1至3。
（2）一种含有至少一个羟基的油溶性聚醚
该聚醚由环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷或二者的混合物聚合得到，100℃时的运动黏度在5.0~15.0mm2/s。其中作为聚合反应引发剂末端的基团可以是一元醇，也可以是二元醇或三元醇等多元醇。
典型的合成过程如下：
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
式中R1为C2-C6的烷基或苯基及其衍生物，R2为H或CH3。
（3）一种基础油
该基础油为加氢型基础油，其100℃时的运动黏度在4.0~15.0mm2/s。
（4）一种稀释溶剂
该稀释剂为一种中馏程石油组分，镏程为100~300℃。
（5）一种防锈剂
该防锈剂为酸性或中性的防锈剂，是含有12~26个碳原子的长链羧酸或其酯类衍生物。具体代表化合物如油酸与亚油酸质量比1：1的混合物。
（6）一种油溶性破乳剂
该破乳剂具有良好的油溶性。在使用时需要根据调制的配方来决定其添加比例。当选用适当的基础油时，如加氢高黏度指数（H HVI）油品时，可无需添加。
（7）一种燃油减摩剂
该燃油减摩剂能够完全溶解在配方中，是含有12~26个碳原子的长链羧酸酯类或酰胺类衍生物。具体如工业油酸与甘油的酯化产物。
上述组分的混合质量比例为：聚异丁烯胺15-60份；聚醚5-40份；基础油10-70份；溶剂 10-40份；防锈剂0.1-1.0份；破乳剂0-1.0份；燃油减摩剂1-15份。
汽油清净剂组合物的制备方法为：将上述组分加入玻璃容器后，在室温下（20～25℃）使用磁子搅拌以1000～2000rpm的速度搅拌30min即可均匀混合。
发明效果
（1）本发明提出的汽油清净剂组合物，能够降低汽油对金属的腐蚀，抑制汽油在发动机燃油喷嘴和进气阀表面生成沉积物的倾向。
（2）使用该组合物，能够使标准试验方法中燃油喷嘴的堵塞率降低至5%以内，模拟进气阀沉积物试验中沉积物重量降低至2.0mg以内，且使用高频往复试验机测试时加剂汽油的磨斑直径降低10%以上。
（3）使用本发明的汽油清净剂组合物，能将喷嘴堵塞率降到3.3%，能将模拟进气阀沉积物重量降到1.7mg。
实施例1
汽油清净剂组合物包括：
（1）35份聚异丁烯胺，Mn=1100。
（2）15份由多元醇引发的聚醚，υ100℃=6.5mm2/s。
（3）15份加氢型基础油HVI P6。
（4）21.6份航空煤油中130℃以上馏分。该航空煤油为兰州地区市售的产品，在实验室自行蒸馏取得所需馏分。
（5）0.3份十二烯基丁二酸防锈剂。
（6）0.1份燃油破乳剂，如路博润公司生产的Luberizol8040C。
（7）3份市售燃油减摩剂，如路博润公司生产的Ultralzol9525A。
上述组分按前述混合条件在室温下均匀调合得到组合物1。
实施例2
汽油清净剂组合物包括：
（1）45份聚异丁烯胺，Mn=1100。
（2）20份由多元醇引发的聚醚，υ100℃=8.5mm2/s。
（3）15份加氢型基础油H HVI 10。
（4）14.6份3号白油，该3号白油由上海纯度石化有限公司生产，等级为WⅠ-80。
（5）0.4份十二烯基丁二酸酯防锈剂。
（6）5份市售燃油减摩剂，如路博润公司生产的Ultralzol9525A。
上述组分按前述混合条件在室温下均匀调合得到组合物2。
效果实施例3
使用GB/T 19592.1试验方法对上述组合物进行汽油防锈性能测试，添加比例400μg/g，试验结果见表1。
表1 发明实例的防锈效果
Figure 586956DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
效果实施例4
使用GB/T 19592.3试验方法对上述组合物进行燃油喷嘴清净性能测试，添加比例400μg/g，试验结果见表2。
表2 发明实例的喷嘴清净效果
Figure 135749DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
效果实施例5
使用GB/T 37322试验方法对上述组合物进行模拟进气阀沉积物清净性能测试，添加比例400μg/g，试验结果见表3。
表3 发明实例的模拟进气阀沉积物清净效果
清净剂组合物 组合物1 组合物2
模拟进气阀沉积物重量/mg 1.7 1.2
效果实施例6
参照SH/T 0765试验方法，改变试验温度条件与基础燃料种类，对上述组合物进行润滑性能测试，添加比例400μg/g。试验中使用了一种市售的95号车用汽油作为基础燃料，测试温度变更为25℃。试验汽油的硫含量为4.3mg/kg，芳烃含量为31.2%（体积分数），烯烃含量为12.9%（体积分数），苯含量为0.44%（体积分数）。试验结果见表4。同时，还选取了一种在北京地区车用汽油中使用的车用汽油清净剂（不含燃油减摩剂组分）进行对比，添加比例为该产品的建议值（400μg/g）。
表4 发明实例的汽油润滑性能效果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
从测试结果可以看出，市售的车用汽油清净剂缺乏对汽油润滑性能的改善效果。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种汽油清净剂组合物，其特征包括含有以下组分:
（1）一种聚异丁烯胺，分子量Mn=800~1500；
（2）一种含有至少一个羟基的油溶性聚醚，由环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷或二者的混合物聚合得到，100℃时的运动黏度在5.0~15.0mm2/s；
其中作为聚合反应引发剂末端的基团可以是一元醇，也可以是二元醇或三元醇等多元醇；
（3）一种加氢型基础油，100℃时的运动黏度在4.0~15.0mm2/s；
（4）一种稀释溶剂，为石油馏分，镏程100~300℃；
（5）一种酸性或中性的防锈剂，为含有12~26个碳原子的长链羧酸或其酯类衍生物；
（6）一种油溶性破乳剂；
（7）一种燃油减摩剂，为含有12~26个碳原子的长链羧酸酯类或酰胺类衍生物。
2.上述组分的混合质量比例为：聚异丁烯胺 15~60份；聚醚 5~40份；基础油 10~70份；溶剂 10~40份；防锈剂 0.1~1.0份；破乳剂 0~1.0份；燃油减摩剂 1~15份。
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