CN112624157A - Production process for preparing potassium nitrate by double decomposition method at normal temperature - Google Patents

Production process for preparing potassium nitrate by double decomposition method at normal temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112624157A
CN112624157A CN202110078974.1A CN202110078974A CN112624157A CN 112624157 A CN112624157 A CN 112624157A CN 202110078974 A CN202110078974 A CN 202110078974A CN 112624157 A CN112624157 A CN 112624157A
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China
Prior art keywords
mother liquor
nitrate
potassium
chloride
potassium nitrate
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CN202110078974.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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刘建
李刚
沈明辉
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Changsha Xinben Auxiliary Agent Co ltd
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Changsha Xinben Auxiliary Agent Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01DCOMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D9/00Nitrates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C01D9/08Preparation by double decomposition
    • C01D9/12Preparation by double decomposition with nitrates or magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01CAMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
    • C01C1/00Ammonia; Compounds thereof
    • C01C1/16Halides of ammonium
    • C01C1/164Ammonium chloride
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80Compositional purity

Abstract

The invention discloses a production process for preparing potassium nitrate by a double decomposition method at normal temperature, which comprises the following steps: 1) adding water and ammonium nitrate into an ammonification kettle according to the weight ratio of 1:3.0-3.3, adding calcium chloride, carrying out ammonification reaction for 60 minutes, filtering out generated ammonium chloride crystals to obtain a calcium nitrate mother liquor I, and washing the crystal ammonium chloride to obtain a byproduct ammonium chloride and a washing mother liquor III; 2) adding water and potassium chloride into a double decomposition reaction kettle, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the potassium chloride is 1.5:1.0-1.2, adding a calcium nitrate mother liquor I and a cosolvent methanol or ethanol in batches, performing centrifugal separation to obtain a crude potassium nitrate and a circulating mother liquor II, performing refining impurity removal to obtain a refined potassium nitrate and a refined mother liquor IV, and recycling the refined mother liquor IV; 3) evaporating and concentrating the washing mother liquor III and the circulating mother liquor II, recycling the cosolvent methanol or ethanol for recycling, and recycling the mother liquor V after evaporation and concentration for recycling. The invention has the advantages of high product purity, easily obtained raw materials and low energy consumption.

Description

Production process for preparing potassium nitrate by double decomposition method at normal temperature
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of inorganic chemical industry, in particular to a production process for preparing potassium nitrate by a double decomposition method at normal temperature.
Background
Potassium nitrate is an important inorganic chemical product and fertilizer, and can be used for manufacturing black powder, producing penicillin potassium salt, rifampicin and other medicines. It can also be used as glass clarifying agent and catalyst. At present, domestic methods for producing potassium nitrate mainly comprise a double decomposition method and an ion exchange method, wherein the ion exchange method is to prepare potassium nitrate by carrying out an ion exchange reaction on ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride. The method has the advantages of high product quality, high energy consumption, complex equipment structure and high investment cost. The double decomposition method usually adopts ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride as raw materials to prepare potassium nitrate and obtain ammonium chloride as a byproduct. The method needs to react under the condition of high temperature, and obtains potassium nitrate and a byproduct ammonium chloride through multiple times of evaporation and concentration, and has the disadvantages of complex operation, high energy consumption, high production cost and unstable product quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a production process for preparing potassium nitrate by a double decomposition method at normal temperature.
A production process for preparing potassium nitrate by a double decomposition method at normal temperature comprises the following steps:
1) adding water and ammonium nitrate into an ammonification kettle according to the weight ratio of 1:3.0-3.3, stirring to completely dissolve the ammonium nitrate at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃, then adding calcium chloride, wherein the molar ratio of the calcium chloride to the ammonium nitrate is 1:2.3, carrying out ammonification reaction for 60 minutes at the temperature, controlling the baume degree of mother liquor to be 56 or the density to be 1.62 g/L, the content of nitrate ions in the mother liquor is 12mol/L, and the content of calcium ions is 6.0mol/L, carrying out centrifugal separation at the temperature, filtering out generated ammonium chloride crystals, preparing calcium nitrate mother liquor I for later use, and washing the crystal ammonium chloride to obtain a byproduct ammonium chloride and a washing mother liquor III;
2) adding water and potassium chloride into a double decomposition reaction kettle to fully dissolve the potassium chloride, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the potassium chloride is 1.5:1.0-1.2, adding a calcium nitrate mother solution I and a cosolvent methanol or ethanol in batches under room-temperature stirring, the weight of the added calcium nitrate mother solution I is 1.8-2.0 times that of the potassium chloride, the adding amount of the cosolvent methanol or ethanol is 0.5-0.8 times that of the potassium chloride, stirring and crystallizing at the temperature of below 20 ℃ for 2-4 hours, centrifugally separating to obtain a crude potassium nitrate and a circulating mother solution II, refining and removing impurities from the crude potassium nitrate to obtain a refined potassium nitrate and a refined mother solution IV, returning the refined mother solution IV to the double decomposition reaction kettle for circulating, and drying the refined potassium nitrate to obtain a finished potassium nitrate product with the content of 98%;
3) and (3) evaporating and concentrating the washing mother liquor III and the circulating mother liquor II, recovering cosolvent methanol or ethanol, returning the recovered cosolvent methanol or ethanol to the metathesis reaction kettle for recycling, and returning the recovered mother liquor V to the ammonification kettle for recycling when the Baume degree of the mother liquor V after evaporation and concentration reaches 51.
Replacing the water added in the step 1) by a mother liquor V, wherein the weight ratio of the mother liquor V to the ammonium nitrate is 1.2-1.3: 1.
Replacing the water added in the step 2) with refined mother liquor IV, wherein the weight ratio of the refined mother liquor IV to the potassium chloride is 1.6-1.7: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of high product purity, easily obtained raw materials and low energy consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1
1) Adding 337 g of water and 1120 g (14 mol) of ammonium nitrate into an ammonization reactor with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer in sequence, heating to 60 +/-2 ℃ under stirring, slowly adding 666 g (6 mol) of calcium chloride after the ammonium nitrate is completely dissolved, carrying out ammonization reaction for 60min, sampling, analyzing and detecting, and adding NH in the solution4 +Filtering while the solution is hot when the ion concentration is lower than 5mol/L to obtain 485 g of crude ammonium chloride and 1636 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I, wherein the density of the calcium nitrate mother liquor I is 1.62 g/L;
2) 1120ml of water, 450 g of methanol and 894 g (12 mol) of potassium chloride are added into a reactor with stirring and cooling, 1636 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I obtained in the step 1) is added in batches and slowly under stirring at normal temperature, then the temperature is reduced to below 20 ℃, cooling and crystallization are carried out for 120min until potassium nitrate is completely separated out, centrifugal separation is carried out when the content of potassium nitrate is more than 95% by crystal sampling analysis, 911 g of crude potassium nitrate is obtained, the yield is 75.2%, the content is 95.2%, 774 g of finished potassium nitrate is obtained after refining, the yield is 63.9%, the content is 98.5%, the circulating mother liquor II after centrifugal separation is evaporated and concentrated, and the recovered methanol is returned to the reactor for circulating application.
Example 2
1) 337 g of water and 1120 g (14 mol) of ammonium nitrate are added in sequenceAdding into an ammonification reactor with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer, heating to 60 +/-2 ℃ under stirring, slowly adding 666 g (6 mol) of calcium chloride after ammonium nitrate is completely dissolved, carrying out ammonification reaction for 60min, sampling, analyzing and detecting until NH is in the solution4 +Filtering while the solution is hot when the ion concentration is lower than 5mol/L to obtain 485 g of crude ammonium chloride and 1636 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I, wherein the density of the calcium nitrate mother liquor I is 1.62 g/L;
2) 1120ml of water and 894 g (12 mol) of potassium chloride are added into a reactor with stirring and cooling functions, 1636 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I are slowly added in batches under the stirring at normal temperature, then the temperature is reduced to below 20 ℃, the cooling crystallization is carried out for 120min until potassium nitrate is completely separated out, and when the content of potassium nitrate is more than 95 percent through crystal sampling analysis, the potassium nitrate is centrifugally separated, so that 769 g of crude potassium nitrate is obtained, the yield is 63.4 percent, the content is 95.1 percent, 654 g of finished potassium nitrate is obtained after the refining, the yield is 54.0 percent, and the content is 98.3.
Example 3
1) Adding 337 g of water and 1120 g (14 mol) of ammonium nitrate into an ammonization reactor with a stirrer, a condenser and a thermometer in sequence, heating to 60 +/-2 ℃ under stirring, slowly adding 666 g (6 mol) of calcium chloride after the ammonium nitrate is completely dissolved, carrying out ammonization reaction for 60min, sampling, analyzing and detecting, and adding NH in the solution4 +Filtering while the solution is hot when the ion concentration is lower than 5mol/L to obtain 485 g of crude ammonium chloride and 1636 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I, wherein the density of the calcium nitrate mother liquor I is 1.62 g/L;
2) preparing potassium nitrate: 1500 g of potassium nitrate refined mother liquor IV, 450 g of methanol and 894 g (12 mol) of potassium chloride are added into a reactor with stirring and cooling, 1636 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I obtained in the step 1) are added in batches and slowly under stirring at normal temperature, then the temperature is reduced to below 20 ℃, cooling crystallization is carried out for 120min until potassium nitrate is completely separated out, centrifugal separation is carried out when the content of potassium nitrate is more than 95% by crystal sampling analysis, crude potassium nitrate 1115 g is obtained, the yield is 92.0%, the content is 95.4%, the finished potassium nitrate is obtained after refining 948 g, the yield is 78.2%, the content is 98.3%, the circulating mother liquor II after centrifugal separation is evaporated and concentrated, and the recovered methanol is returned to the reactor for circulating application.
Example 4
1) Adding 750 ml of circulating mother liquor V subjected to evaporation concentrationPutting the mixture into an ammonification reactor with a stirring and condensing pipe and a thermometer, adding 960 g (12 mol) of ammonium nitrate under stirring, heating to 60 +/-2 ℃ to dissolve the ammonium nitrate, supplementing 20 g of calcium chloride, and controlling Ca2+Ion concentration of 6.0mol/L, control of NO3 -Is 14mol/L, is stirred for 60 minutes at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃ for ammoniation, is sampled, analyzed and detected until NH is in the solution4 +Filtering when the ion concentration is lower than 5mol/L while the solution is hot to obtain 484 g of crude ammonium chloride and 1640 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I, wherein the density of the calcium nitrate mother liquor I is 1.6297 g/L;
2) 1120ml of water, 450 g of methanol and 894 g (12 mol) of potassium chloride are added into a reactor with stirring and cooling, 1640 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I obtained in the step 1) is added in batches and slowly under stirring at normal temperature, then the temperature is reduced to below 20 ℃, the mixture is cooled and crystallized for 120min until potassium nitrate is completely separated out, when the content of potassium nitrate is more than 95 percent through crystal sampling analysis, the mixture is centrifugally separated to obtain 982 g of crude potassium nitrate, the yield is 82.0 percent and the content is 95.8 percent, 832 g of finished potassium nitrate is obtained after refining, the yield is 68.6 percent and the content is 98.4 percent, the circulating mother liquor II after centrifugal separation is evaporated and concentrated, and the recovered methanol is returned to the reactor for circulating.
Example 5
1) Adding 750 ml of mother liquor V after evaporation concentration into an ammonization reactor with a stirring and condensing pipe and a thermometer, adding 960 g (12 mol) of ammonium nitrate while stirring, heating to 60 +/-2 ℃ to dissolve the ammonium nitrate, supplementing 30 g of calcium chloride, and controlling Ca2+Ion concentration of 6.0mol/L, control of NO3 -Is 14mol/L, is stirred for 60 minutes at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃ for ammoniation, is sampled, analyzed and detected until NH is in the solution4 +Filtering when the ion concentration is lower than 5mol/L while the solution is hot to obtain 484 g of crude ammonium chloride and 1640 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I, wherein the density of the calcium nitrate mother liquor I is 1.6297 g/L;
2) 1500 g of potassium nitrate refined mother liquor IV, 450 g of methanol and 894 g (12 mol) of potassium chloride are added into a reactor with stirring and cooling, 1640 g of calcium nitrate mother liquor I obtained in the step 1) are added in batches and slowly under stirring at normal temperature, then the temperature is reduced to below 20 ℃, cooling crystallization is carried out for 120min until potassium nitrate is completely separated out, centrifugal separation is carried out when the content of potassium nitrate is more than 95% by crystal sampling analysis, 1155 g of crude potassium nitrate is obtained, the yield is 95.3%, the content is 95.6%, 982 g of finished potassium nitrate is obtained after refining, the yield is 81.0%, the content is 98.7%, the circulating mother liquor II after centrifugal separation is evaporated and concentrated, and the recovered methanol is returned to the reactor for circulating application.
The yield of the crude potassium nitrate in example 1 is a single-pass yield without recycling mother liquor, and the yield of the crude potassium nitrate in example 2 is a comparative example without adding methanol in example 1, and is greatly reduced. The yield of crude potassium nitrate was the highest in example 5 because step 1) used mother liquor v and step 2) used potassium nitrate refinery mother liquor iv.

Claims (3)

1. A production process for preparing potassium nitrate by a double decomposition method at normal temperature is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding water and ammonium nitrate into an ammonification kettle according to the weight ratio of 1:3.0-3.3, stirring to completely dissolve the ammonium nitrate at the temperature of 60 +/-2 ℃, then adding calcium chloride, wherein the molar ratio of the calcium chloride to the ammonium nitrate is 1:2.3, carrying out ammonification reaction for 60 minutes at the temperature, controlling the baume degree of mother liquor to be 56 or the density to be 1.62 g/L, the content of nitrate ions in the mother liquor is 12mol/L, and the content of calcium ions is 6.0mol/L, carrying out centrifugal separation at the temperature, filtering out generated ammonium chloride crystals, preparing calcium nitrate mother liquor I for later use, and washing the crystal ammonium chloride to obtain a byproduct ammonium chloride and a washing mother liquor III;
2) adding water and potassium chloride into a double decomposition reaction kettle to fully dissolve the potassium chloride, wherein the weight ratio of the water to the potassium chloride is 1.5:1.0-1.2, adding a calcium nitrate mother solution I and a cosolvent methanol or ethanol in batches under room-temperature stirring, the weight of the added calcium nitrate mother solution I is 1.8-2.0 times that of the potassium chloride, the adding amount of the cosolvent methanol or ethanol is 0.5-0.8 times that of the potassium chloride, stirring and crystallizing at the temperature of below 20 ℃ for 2-4 hours, centrifugally separating to obtain a crude potassium nitrate and a circulating mother solution II, refining and removing impurities from the crude potassium nitrate to obtain a refined potassium nitrate and a refined mother solution IV, returning the refined mother solution IV to the double decomposition reaction kettle for circulating, and drying the refined potassium nitrate to obtain a finished potassium nitrate product with the content of 98%;
3) and (3) evaporating and concentrating the washing mother liquor III and the circulating mother liquor II, recovering cosolvent methanol or ethanol, returning the recovered cosolvent methanol or ethanol to the metathesis reaction kettle for recycling, and returning the recovered mother liquor V to the ammonification kettle for recycling when the Baume degree of the mother liquor V after evaporation and concentration reaches 51.
2. The process for preparing potassium nitrate by a room-temperature double decomposition method according to claim 1, wherein the water added in the step 1) is replaced by a mother liquor V, and the weight ratio of the mother liquor V to ammonium nitrate is 1.2-1.3: 1.
3. The process for preparing potassium nitrate by double decomposition at normal temperature according to claim 1, wherein the water added in the step 2) is replaced by a refined mother liquor IV, and the weight ratio of the refined mother liquor IV to the potassium chloride is 1.6-1.7: 1.
CN202110078974.1A 2021-01-21 2021-01-21 Production process for preparing potassium nitrate by double decomposition method at normal temperature Pending CN112624157A (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1706748A (en) * 2004-06-06 2005-12-14 唐尚文 Potassium chloride and calcium nitrate double decomposing-freezing process of producing potassium nitrate
CN104445292A (en) * 2014-12-04 2015-03-25 交城县金兰化工有限公司 Method for simultaneously preparing potassium nitrate and calcium chloride from calcium nitrate solution and potassium chloride
CN104787782A (en) * 2015-04-16 2015-07-22 岳阳市钾盐科学研究所 Process for preparing industrial potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate
CN109835924A (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-04 李跃民 A kind of method of efficient production high-purity potassium nitrate

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1706748A (en) * 2004-06-06 2005-12-14 唐尚文 Potassium chloride and calcium nitrate double decomposing-freezing process of producing potassium nitrate
CN104445292A (en) * 2014-12-04 2015-03-25 交城县金兰化工有限公司 Method for simultaneously preparing potassium nitrate and calcium chloride from calcium nitrate solution and potassium chloride
CN104787782A (en) * 2015-04-16 2015-07-22 岳阳市钾盐科学研究所 Process for preparing industrial potassium nitrate and calcium sulfate
CN109835924A (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-04 李跃民 A kind of method of efficient production high-purity potassium nitrate

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