CN112622691B - Charging method of electric vehicle storage battery - Google Patents

Charging method of electric vehicle storage battery Download PDF

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CN112622691B
CN112622691B CN202011448057.XA CN202011448057A CN112622691B CN 112622691 B CN112622691 B CN 112622691B CN 202011448057 A CN202011448057 A CN 202011448057A CN 112622691 B CN112622691 B CN 112622691B
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voltage
charging
storage battery
battery
current
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CN112622691A (en
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吕鉴武
李海波
罗东
朱晨曦
罗凡
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Dongfeng Motor Corp
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Dongfeng Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the specification discloses a charging method of an electric vehicle storage battery, which is characterized in that when an ignition key of an electric vehicle is in an OFF gear, the storage voltage and the battery temperature of the storage battery are detected at set intervals; when the storage voltage and the battery temperature are detected to meet the charging condition of the storage battery, controlling the electric vehicle to establish the whole vehicle high voltage; after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a first charging current of the storage battery according to the storage voltage; and determining a first charging voltage of the storage battery according to the battery temperature; and charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage. The charging method of the storage battery of the electric vehicle can effectively prolong the service life of the storage battery and reduce the use cost of the storage battery.

Description

Charging method of electric vehicle storage battery
Technical Field
The embodiment of the specification relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, in particular to a charging method of an electric vehicle storage battery.
Background
Along with the rapid development of electric motor car technique, the use of electric motor car is more and more extensive, and the electric motor car can lead to the battery insufficient voltage because whole car dark current when parking for a long time, and the long-term insufficient voltage has great influence to the battery life-span, and when serious, vehicle low pressure system paralysis leads to whole car can't establish the high pressure, need to change the battery or take the electricity and just can accomplish the vehicle and start.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient power of the storage battery in the prior art, the low-voltage load is usually supplied with power or charged by controlling the DCDC to output a fixed voltage, but when the storage battery is charged by using the fixed voltage, the service life of the storage battery is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the specification provides a charging method for an electric vehicle storage battery, which can effectively prolong the service life of the storage battery and reduce the use cost of the storage battery.
A first aspect of the embodiments of the present specification provides a charging method for an electric vehicle storage battery, including:
when an ignition key of the electric vehicle is in an OFF gear, detecting the storage voltage and the battery temperature of the storage battery at set intervals;
when the storage voltage and the battery temperature are detected to meet the charging condition of the storage battery, controlling the electric vehicle to establish the whole vehicle high voltage;
after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a first charging current of the storage battery according to the storage voltage; and determining a first charging voltage of the storage battery according to the battery temperature;
and charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage.
Optionally, when it is detected that both the storage voltage and the battery temperature satisfy the charging condition of the storage battery, controlling the electric vehicle to establish a vehicle-wide high voltage includes:
judging whether the storage voltage is smaller than a first set voltage or not, and judging whether the battery temperature is within a set temperature range or not;
when the storage voltage is smaller than the first set voltage and the battery temperature is within the set temperature range, determining that the storage voltage and the battery temperature both meet the charging condition, and controlling the electric vehicle to establish a whole vehicle high voltage; otherwise, it is determined that the storage voltage and the battery temperature do not satisfy the charging condition.
Optionally, when it is detected that both the storage voltage and the battery temperature satisfy the charging condition of the storage battery, controlling the electric vehicle to establish a vehicle-wide high voltage includes:
when the storage voltage and the battery temperature are detected to meet the charging condition of the storage battery, controlling the whole vehicle controller and the power battery management system to perform self-checking;
and when the vehicle control unit and the power battery management system pass self-checking, controlling the electric vehicle to establish the vehicle high voltage.
Optionally, in the process of charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage, the method further includes:
acquiring the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process in real time;
and if the charging current acquired at a certain moment is less than a first set current, charging the storage battery by using a fixed voltage.
Optionally, in the process of charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage, the method further includes:
detecting whether the operation data for the electric vehicle satisfies an exit charging condition;
and when the operation data meet the condition of withdrawing from the charging point, controlling the storage battery to withdraw from charging.
Optionally, when the current gear of the ignition key is an ACC gear, the method further includes:
if the current voltage of the storage battery is detected to be smaller than a second set voltage, controlling the storage battery to be in a low-voltage protection state, and powering off other power consumption equipment of the electric vehicle;
reminding a driver to power on actively or power off timely after the other power consumption equipment is powered off;
and after the driver is actively electrified and the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, controlling the storage battery to exit the low-voltage protection state.
Optionally, when the current gear of the ignition key is an ON gear or a READY gear, the method further includes:
determining the power shortage of the storage battery according to the current voltage of the storage battery;
determining a second charging current of the electric storage battery according to the power shortage degree;
after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a second charging voltage of the storage battery according to the current temperature of the storage battery;
and charging the storage battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage.
Optionally, the determining a second charging voltage of the storage battery according to the current temperature of the storage battery includes:
determining a compensation voltage according to the current temperature of the storage battery;
and determining the second charging voltage according to the compensation voltage and a preset charging voltage.
Optionally, in the process of charging the storage battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage, the method further includes:
acquiring load current according to the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process and the output current output to the storage battery by the converter;
and when the load current is greater than a preset limit current, controlling the output power of the converter not to be greater than a set power.
Optionally, in the process of charging the storage battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage, the method further includes:
acquiring the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process in real time;
and if the charging current acquired in real time is detected to be smaller than a second set current, charging the storage battery by using a fixed voltage.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the specification are as follows:
according to the technical scheme, when an ignition key of the electric vehicle is in an OFF gear, the electric vehicle is controlled to establish the whole vehicle high voltage when the storage voltage and the battery temperature of the storage battery meet the charging condition of the storage battery at set time intervals; after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a first charging current of the storage battery according to the storage voltage; determining a first charging voltage of the storage battery according to the temperature of the storage battery; the storage battery is charged according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage, so that the first charging current is determined according to the storage voltage of the storage battery, the first charging voltage is determined according to the temperature of the storage battery, the first charging current and the first charging voltage are determined according to the self and the environment of the storage battery when the storage battery is charged, and therefore the storage battery can be charged by adopting the charging current and the charging voltage matched with the self and the environment of the storage battery, the service life of the storage battery can be effectively prolonged, and under the condition that the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, the replacement frequency of the storage battery is lower, and the replacement frequency is lower, so that the use cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first method schematic diagram of a charging method for an electric vehicle battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second method for charging a battery of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is an overall flowchart of a charging method for an electric vehicle storage battery in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solutions, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific features of the embodiments and embodiments of the present specification are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present specification, and are not limitations of the technical solutions of the present specification, and the technical features of the embodiments and embodiments of the present specification may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present specification provides a method for charging a battery of an electric vehicle, including:
step S101, detecting the storage voltage and the battery temperature of a storage battery at set intervals when an ignition key of the electric vehicle is in an OFF gear;
step S102, when the storage voltage and the battery temperature are detected to meet the charging condition of a storage battery, controlling the electric vehicle to establish the whole vehicle high voltage;
step S103, after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a first charging current of the storage battery according to the storage voltage; and determining a first charging voltage of the storage battery according to the battery temperature;
and step S104, charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage.
The electric vehicle in the embodiment of the present specification may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or the like; the battery pack may be a power cell, a fuel cell, etc., and the present specification is not particularly limited.
In step S101, the gear position of the ignition key is first acquired, and if it is detected that the ignition key is in the OFF position, the storage voltage of the storage battery and the battery temperature are detected at set intervals.
Specifically, when the ignition key is in an off gear, and the electric vehicle is flamed out, various electronic devices on the electric vehicle enter a sleep mode. A Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) enters a low-power consumption sleep mode and starts timing, the VCU automatically wakes up once every set time length, and after the VCU wakes up, the storage voltage and the battery temperature of a storage battery are detected; and if the electric vehicle is powered on and powered off again in midway, the VCU enters the sleep mode and starts timing again. Of course, after the VCU wakes up, the storage current of the battery may also be detected.
In the embodiment of the present specification, the set time period may be a fixed value or a variable value, and the set time period may be, for example, 30 seconds, 60 seconds, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and the like; the set time period may also be gradually increased with time, and the set time period is initially 20 seconds, and then sequentially increased by 20 seconds, so that the second time is 40 seconds, the third time is 60 seconds, the fourth time is 80 seconds, and the like.
In the process of executing step S101, if it is detected that both the stored voltage and the battery temperature satisfy the charging condition of the storage battery, step S102 is executed.
Specifically, in the process of detecting the storage voltage and the battery temperature, whether the storage voltage is smaller than a first set voltage or not is judged, and whether the battery temperature is within a set temperature range or not is judged; when the storage voltage is smaller than a first set voltage and the battery temperature is within a set temperature range, determining that the storage voltage and the battery temperature both meet the charging condition, executing a step S102, and controlling the electric vehicle to establish a whole vehicle high voltage; otherwise, it is determined that the storage voltage and the battery temperature do not satisfy the charging condition, and the process continues to execute step S101.
Specifically, after the VCU is awakened each time, whether the battery temperature is within a set temperature range is judged, whether the storage voltage is smaller than a first set voltage is judged, and if the storage voltage is smaller than the first set voltage and the battery temperature is within the set temperature range, it is determined that both the storage voltage and the battery temperature meet the charging condition; and if the battery temperature is judged not to be within the set temperature range or the storage voltage is not less than the first set voltage, determining that the storage voltage and the battery temperature do not meet the charging condition, and enabling the VCU to enter the sleep mode to restart timing.
In the embodiment of the specification, the set temperature range can be set by a system or manually, can also be set according to the parameters of the storage battery, and can also be set according to the actual situation, wherein the set temperature range can be-30-60 ℃, or-20-65 ℃, or-40-75 ℃ and the like; the first preset voltage may be set systematically or manually, may be set according to the maximum voltage of the battery, may be set according to actual conditions, and may be 70% of the maximum voltage of the battery, and may be, for example, 12v,10v, 14V, and the like, and the present specification is not particularly limited.
For example, the set temperature range is-30 deg.C-60 deg.C, and the first preset voltage U is setLimit112V for example; after the VCU is awakened each time, acquiring the temperature T1 of the battery and acquiring the storage voltage; if the T1 is less than-30 ℃ or the T1 is more than 60 ℃, the charging condition is not met, and the VCU enters the dormancy and restarts timing; if T1 is within-30-60 ℃, continuing to judge whether the storage voltage is less than ULimit1If the storage voltage is not less than ULimit1If so, judging that the electric vehicle can be normally started under the voltage without charging, and starting timing again when the VCU enters the dormancy; if T1 is within-30-60 ℃, and the storage voltage is judged to be less than ULimit1And judging that the storage voltage and the battery temperature both meet the charging condition, and further controlling the electric vehicle to establish the whole vehicle high voltage.
Specifically, when the storage voltage and the Battery temperature are detected to meet the charging condition of the storage Battery, the electric vehicle is controlled to establish the whole vehicle high voltage, and the VCU and a Battery Management System (BMS) are controlled to perform self-detection; when the VCU and the BMS both pass the self-checking, controlling the electric vehicle to establish the whole vehicle high voltage; otherwise, the VCU enters the sleep mode to restart the timing, and then continues to execute step S101.
Specifically, when it is detected that both the storage voltage and the battery temperature satisfy the charging condition of the storage battery, the VCU sends a wake-up frame signal to wake up the BMS through a Controller Area Network (CAN). After the BMS is awakened, the VCU and the BMS perform self-checking, the VCU detects whether the whole vehicle system has faults, the BMS detects whether the power battery state has faults, and the self-checking does not pass when the faults are detected. If the VCU or the BMS does not pass the self-checking, the VCU judges that the high voltage of the whole vehicle does not meet the establishment condition, the VCU stops sending the CAN awakening frame signal to awaken the BMS, and the VCU enters the dormancy state to restart timing. If the BMS and the VCU are awakened to pass, the whole vehicle high voltage is established.
Specifically, the VCU CAN send a high-voltage relay closing command to the BMS through the CAN to establish the whole vehicle high voltage. And during the vehicle high voltage establishment process, if the VCU detects any of the following conditions: when the SOC of the power battery is lower than 10% in the high-voltage establishing process (the SOC of the power battery is possibly jumped to be lower than 10% in the high-voltage establishing process when the SOC of the power battery is 10%), high-voltage fault occurs in the charging process or the SOC of the power battery is lower than 5% in the charging process (the SOC electric quantity of the power battery to a storage battery is too low), the charging condition is considered to be not met, the VCU sends a request for disconnecting the high-voltage relay to the BMS through the CAN, meanwhile, the VCU detects the bus current of the BMS, and when the bus current of the BMS is detected to be lower than 10A, the VCU stops sending a CAN awakening frame signal to awaken the BMS, and enters the dormancy to restart the timing. Thus, the damage to the storage battery can be further reduced when the storage battery is charged, and the service life of the storage battery can be prolonged.
After the vehicle high pressure is established, step S103 is executed.
In step S103, a first charging current is determined from the stored voltage; and determining a first charging voltage according to the battery temperature.
Specifically, when the first charging current is determined based on the stored voltage, the degree of shortage of the secondary battery may be determined based on the stored voltage; and determining a first charging current according to the power shortage degree, wherein the higher the power shortage degree is, the larger the first charging current is, and the lower the power shortage degree is, the smaller the first charging current is.
In the embodiment of the specification, a power battery is a power source of a new energy automobile, a DCDC is a voltage converter, 350V is provided after a high voltage is applied to a general power battery, the voltage is too high for a voltage load, the high voltage needs to be converted into a low voltage through the DCDC converter, and a VCU requests a DCDC controller to output a specified voltage and power by sending a CAN message.
Specifically, the VCU determines the shortage of the storage battery according to the storage voltage; then according to the electricity shortage degree, the DCDC is controlled to output the maximum charging current ILimitAs the first charging current, the phenomenon that the service life of the storage battery is greatly influenced due to the fact that the charging current is too large because the power shortage of the storage battery is not high is avoided. I isLimitThe determination is as follows: when the storage voltage is less than the first voltage threshold U of the storage batteryLimit1And is greater than or equal to a second voltage threshold U of the batteryLimit2The DCDC outputs a first maximum charging current ILimit1(ii) a When the storage voltage is less than ULimit2And is greater than or equal to a third voltage threshold U of the batteryLimit3DCDC outputs the second maximum charge ILimit2(ii) a When the storage voltage is less than ULimit3The DCDC outputs a third maximum charging current ILimit3(ii) a Wherein, ULimit1<ULimit2<ULimit3E.g. ULimit1At 12V, ULimit2Can be 11.5V, ULimit3May be 10.8V.
Wherein, the DCDC charging current limiting rule is that when the storage voltage is only 0.5V or 0.4V lower than the standard voltage, the storage battery can be charged with the optimal charging current, which is 10% of the storage battery capacity, such as 12V60AH, and the setting I is used for prolonging the service life of the storage batteryLimit160 × 10% =6A; when the storage voltage is lower than ULimit2But higher than ULimit3When the accumulator is in medium deficiencySetting the charging current to 20% of the battery capacity, ILimit260 × 20% =12A; when the accumulator is in serious shortage, setting the charging current to be 30 percent of the accumulator capacity, ILimit360 × 30% =18A.
According to the embodiment of the application, the calibration is performed according to different storage battery characteristics through current limitation, the charging efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the attenuation of the storage battery is delayed, the dynamic charging maintenance is performed on the storage battery to a certain extent, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
Specifically, in determining the first charging voltage based on the battery temperature, the first charging voltage may be determined based on the battery temperature and the temperature compensation voltage.
Specifically, a standard temperature during charging may be set, and a preset voltage may be set, and the first charging voltage may be determined according to the preset voltage, the battery temperature, the standard temperature, and the temperature compensation voltage.
Specifically, if the standard temperature is represented by T0, the battery temperature is represented by T1, the preset voltage is represented by U1, and the temperature compensation voltage is represented by UbRepresents; it may be determined that the first charging voltage, denoted by U, is specifically:
U＝U1-(T1-T0)×Ubequation 1
Wherein U is usually set to not more than the maximum voltage of the battery, and may be, for example, 14.4, 14, 13, and the like; t0 may be set to normal temperature, for example, 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 28 ℃, etc.
For example, T0 is a standard temperature in the charging process, and is set to 25 ℃, when the temperature of the battery is lower than the standard temperature, the activity of the active material of the battery is reduced, the charging voltage should be properly increased to ensure the charging efficiency, but the charging voltage is not higher than 15V, so as to prevent the battery from being damaged by too high charging voltage, i.e. U is less than or equal to 15V; when the temperature of the battery exceeds the standard temperature, if the charging voltage is higher, the activity is increased, the chemical reaction is strong, if the battery is charged by higher voltage, the service life of the storage battery is greatly influenced, and at the moment, the dynamic temperature compensation is carried out by reducing the charging voltage, so that the attenuation of the service life of the battery is delayed，UbFor the temperature compensation voltage, for example, 0.03V, 0.05V, or the like may be used.
And performing step S104 after determining the first charging voltage and the first charging current.
In step S104, the VCU controls the DCDC to charge the storage battery, wherein the output voltage is a first charging voltage and the output current is a first charging current.
Specifically, the VCU controls the DCDC to output a first charging voltage U while dynamically controlling a maximum output power P of the DCDCmaxCharging the accumulator, PmaxAccording to the real-time first charging voltage and first charging current I of the DCDCLimit。
In another embodiment of the present specification, in charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage, the method further includes: acquiring the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process in real time; and if the charging current acquired at a certain moment is less than the first set current, charging the storage battery by using the fixed voltage. Specifically, during the charging process of the storage battery, the VCU monitors the charging current of the storage battery in real time to obtain the charging current of the storage battery during the charging process in real time. When the charging current of the storage battery is detected to be smaller than a set first threshold I at a certain momentL1At the moment, the DCDC outputs fixed voltage to the storage battery to float and charge the storage battery, so that the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, and the fixed voltage can be 13.8V, 13.5 ℃, 13 ℃ and the like; when the VCU monitors that the charging current of the storage battery is smaller than the set second threshold I at a certain momentL2And judging that the charging of the storage battery is finished. To ensure that the charging time of the accumulator is not too long, IL1Can be set to 1.5A, 1.2A, etc., IL2May be 1A and 0.8A, etc.
In another embodiment of the present specification, in charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage, the method further includes: detecting whether the operation data for the electric vehicle satisfies an exit charging condition; and when the operation data meet the condition of exiting charging point electricity, controlling the storage battery to exit charging.
Specifically, the charge withdrawal condition may be any one of a condition in which the battery is controlled to be withdrawn from the charge upon waking up by another wake-up source, opening one or more of the four vehicle doors, opening the trunk, and the like. At the moment, the VCU sends a request for disconnecting the high-voltage relay to the BMS through the CAN, the VCU detects the BMS bus current, when the detected BMS bus current is less than 10A, the VCU stops sending a CAN signal to wake up the BMS, and the VCU enters the sleep mode to restart timing.
Specifically, after the charging is completed, the VCU sends a request for disconnecting the high-voltage relay to the BMS through the CAN, and simultaneously the VCU detects the BMS bus current, and when the BMS bus current is detected to be less than 10A, the VCU stops sending a CAN wake-up frame signal to wake up the BMS, and the VCU enters the sleep mode to restart timing.
In another embodiment of the present specification, when the current gear of the ignition key is the ACC gear, the method further includes: if the current voltage of the storage battery is detected to be smaller than the second set voltage, the storage battery is controlled to be in a low-voltage protection state, and other power consumption equipment of the electric vehicle is powered off; after other power consumption equipment is powered off, a driver is reminded to power off or power on (high voltage) in time so as to delay the further power shortage of the storage battery; and after the driver is powered on in time and the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, the storage battery is controlled to exit from the low-voltage protection state.
Specifically, when the key signal is detected to be in the ACC gear, the entire vehicle is not charged with high voltage, and the battery cannot be charged. When the VCU detects that the voltage of the storage battery is smaller than the second set voltage, the VCU sends a storage battery low-voltage protection signal to controllers such as BCM, MP5 and instruments through the CAN. Of course, it is also possible to send the low-voltage protection signal to other controllers that control the consumers and to implement the relevant protection strategy by the respective controller, so that the battery is in a low-voltage protection state.
Specifically, after the instrument receives a storage battery low-voltage protection signal sent by the VCU, the instrument displays prompt words such as a word "storage battery economic mode" and the like to remind a user to timely close a low-voltage system or to timely enable the whole vehicle to establish high voltage, and the reminding can be replaced by other marks or words or the instrument can close the low-voltage system. After the VCU sends out a storage battery low-voltage protection signal, the MP5 turns off power consumption equipment such as a sound device and the like to work after receiving the storage battery low-voltage protection signal sent out by the VCU, and the BCU does not respond to air conditioning or warm air operation after receiving the storage battery low-voltage protection signal sent out by the VCU and prohibits the blower from working at the same time; all the controllers receiving the low-voltage protection signals control the corresponding user equipment to be powered off, so that the storage battery is in a low-voltage protection state.
Specifically, when the current gear of the ignition key is an ACC gear and the storage battery is in a low-voltage protection state, the current voltage of the storage battery is recorded in real time, and the voltage of the storage battery before the high voltage of the whole vehicle is not established is recorded as the latest value UAccLast。
Specifically, after the high voltage on the whole vehicle is finished, the storage battery is controlled to exit the low-voltage protection state. Or, when the ignition key is detected to be in an ON gear, the VCU detects that the voltage of the storage battery is larger than a third set voltage, for example, 13.5V and 14V within 5 seconds continuously, the storage battery is controlled to exit from a low-voltage protection state, at the moment, the VCU can send out a storage battery low-voltage protection exit signal to the instrument, the MP5 and the BCU, after the instrument receives the storage battery low-voltage protection exit signal, the instrument cancels display of a character prompt of 'storage battery economic mode', after the MP5 receives the storage battery low-voltage protection exit signal, the equipment such as a sound box and the like is allowed to normally work, after the BCU receives the storage battery low-voltage protection exit signal, the air conditioner and the warm air are not limited to operate, and the blower is allowed to work. Wherein the third setting voltage is greater than the second setting voltage.
In another embodiment of this specification, as shown in fig. 2, when the current gear of the ignition key is an ON gear or a READY gear, the method further includes:
step S201, determining the insufficient voltage of the storage battery according to the current voltage of the storage battery;
step S202, determining a second charging current of the storage battery according to the power shortage degree;
step S203, after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a second charging voltage of the storage battery according to the current temperature of the storage battery;
and step S204, charging the storage battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage.
Wherein, in step S201, the VCU records the storage according to the key gear position as ACC gear positionVoltage of battery UAccLastDetermining the power shortage of the storage battery as the current voltage according to the current voltage; if the current voltage is higher, the power shortage thereof is lower, and if the current voltage is lower, the power shortage thereof is higher, the power shortage can be determined according to the current voltage and the highest voltage of the storage battery, for example, the product of the current voltage and the highest voltage of the storage battery can be obtained, and the current voltage is UAccLastRepresents, UmaxThe maximum voltage of the storage battery is shown, and the power shortage is UAccLast/Umax。
After the power shortage is determined, step S202 is executed.
In this step, a maximum charging current I of the DCDC output is determined based on the power shortage degreeLimitAs the second charging current, the phenomenon that the service life of the storage battery is greatly influenced due to the fact that the charging current is too large due to the fact that the storage battery is in power shortage is avoided. I isLimitThe determination is as follows: when U is turnedAccLastGreater than or equal to a fourth voltage threshold U of the accumulatorLimit4DCDC outputs the fourth maximum charge ILimit4(ii) a When the current voltage is less than ULimit4And is greater than or equal to a fifth voltage threshold U of the batteryLimit5DCDC outputs the fifth maximum charge ILimit5(ii) a When the current voltage is less than ULimit5While, the DCDC outputs the sixth maximum charge ILimit6。
In the strength of this specification, ULimit4>ULimit5，ULimit4For example, 11.5V, in which case ULimit5The charging current limit rule of the DCDC can be 10.8V, and when the current voltage is only lower than the standard voltage by 0.5V, 0.4V and the like, the storage battery can be charged by adopting the optimal charging current, so that the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, and the optimal charging current is 10% of the capacity of the storage battery.
In the embodiment of the present specification, if the battery parameter is 12V60AH, then ILimit4May be 6A; when the current voltage is lower than ULimit4But higher than ULimit5When the storage battery is in a medium power shortage state, the charging current is properly improved to accelerate the charging efficiency and simultaneously the service life of the storage battery is not adversely affected, the charging current is set to be 20% of the capacity of the storage battery, and at the moment, ILimit5Is 12A; when the accumulator is in serious shortage, setting the charging current to be 30 percent of the accumulator capacity, ILimit6Is 18A. In the embodiment of the specification, the current limit is calibrated according to different storage battery characteristics, so that the charging efficiency is improved, the attenuation of the storage battery is delayed, the storage battery is dynamically charged and maintained to a certain extent, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
Upon determining the sum of the second charging currents, step S203 is performed.
In this step, the compensation voltage may be determined according to the current temperature of the battery; and determining a second charging voltage according to the compensation voltage and the preset charging voltage.
Specifically, a standard temperature during charging may be set, and a preset voltage may be set, and the second charging voltage may be determined according to the preset voltage, the battery temperature, the standard temperature, and the temperature compensation voltage.
Specifically, if the standard temperature is represented by T0, the current temperature is represented by T2, the preset voltage is represented by U2, and the temperature compensation voltage is represented by UbRepresents; it may be determined that the second charging voltage is denoted by U3 specifically as:
U3＝U2-(T2-T0)×Ubequation 2
Wherein U3 is usually set to be not more than the maximum voltage of the battery, and may be, for example, 14.4V, 14V, 13V, or the like; t0 may be set to normal temperature, for example, 25 ℃, 26 ℃, 28 ℃, etc.
For example, T0 is a standard temperature in the charging process, and is set to 25 ℃, when the current temperature is lower than the standard temperature, the activity of the battery active material is reduced, the charging voltage should be properly increased to ensure the charging efficiency, but the charging voltage is not higher than 15V, so as to prevent the storage battery from being damaged by too high charging voltage, i.e. U3 is less than or equal to 15V; when the current temperature exceeds the standard temperature, if the charging voltage is higher, the activity is increased, the chemical reaction is strong, if the charging voltage is charged with higher voltage, the service life of the storage battery is greatly influenced, at the moment, the dynamic temperature compensation is carried out by reducing the charging voltage, the service life attenuation of the battery is delayed, and UbFor the temperature compensation voltage, for example, 0.03V, 0.05V, or the like may be used.
In another embodiment, in determining the second charging voltage, after acquiring U3, the VCU simultaneously monitors the actual voltage U4 of the battery in real time, and determines that the second charging voltage is the larger value of U3 and U4, that is, the second charging voltage is = max (U3, U4).
In another embodiment of the present specification, in charging the storage battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage, the method further includes: acquiring load current according to the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process and the output current output to the storage battery by the converter; and when the load current is greater than the preset limit current, controlling the output power of the converter not to be greater than the set power.
Specifically, VCU monitors the charging current I of the battery in real timeBatAnd output current I of DCDCdcdcCalculating to obtain the load current ILoad＝Idcdc-IBat(ii) a Real-time consumption power P of loadLoad＝Udcdc×ILoad(ii) a When the charging current of the storage battery is larger than ILimitWhen the user wants to use the device. Judging that the charging current of the storage battery is larger at the moment, and controlling the DCDC to output the maximum power P by the VCUmax,Pmax＝PLoad+U*ILimitAnd the influence of overlarge charging current on the storage battery is avoided.
In another embodiment of the present specification, in charging the storage battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage, the method further includes: acquiring the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process in real time; and if the charging current acquired in real time is detected to be smaller than the second set current, the storage battery is charged by using the fixed voltage.
Specifically, the VCU monitors the charging current of the storage battery in real time, and if the charging current of the storage battery is not less than a set second set current IL3When the charging is finished, the storage battery is quickly charged; when the charging current of the storage battery is less than the set second set current IL3When the voltage is high, the DCDC carries out fixed voltage floating charge on the storage battery, the VCU controls the output constant voltage of the DCDC to be 13.8V, 13.5 ℃ and the like, and the influence of long-time high-voltage charge on the service life of the storage battery is avoided; meanwhile, the output power of the DCDC is controlled, the charging current of the storage battery is limited, and the highest charging current is maintained not to exceed the maximum charging currentOptimum current IMax. In this embodiment, the optimum charging current is set to 10% of the battery capacity (6A), and the VCU controls the DCDC output power limit PDcLimit＝IMax×13.8+PLoad. In this example IL3Set to 1A to maintain battery current at a fixed low voltage and low current, delaying battery life.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, during the charging of the battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage, the VCU monitors the actual voltage of the battery and the DCDC operating state in real time, and if it is detected that the actual voltage of the battery is lower than a first set value, for example, 10.8V, 10.5V, etc., or the DCDC operating fault lasts for a first preset time period, for example, 5 seconds(s), the VCU sends a system fault signal and restricts the vehicle from entering a limp-home state, and the meter lights a system fault lamp after receiving the signal.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, during the charging of the battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage, if the voltage of the battery is detected to be lower than a second set value, such as 9.8V, 10V, etc., for a second preset time period, such as 1s, the VCU sends a system fault signal and limits the output torque of the vehicle to 0, so that the driving motor outputs no torque. And the instrument lights a system fault lamp after receiving the system fault signal, wherein the second set value is smaller than the first set value.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, during charging of the battery based on the second charging current and the second charging voltage, if the low-voltage battery voltage is detected to be greater than a third set value, such as 10V and 10.2V, etc., for a third duration, such as 500ms, the VCU cancels the limitation of the vehicle output torque to 0 and the VCU monitors the actual voltage of the battery and the DCDC operating state in real time.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, during charging of the battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage, if it is detected for 500ms that the battery voltage is greater than a fourth setting value, for example, 11V, 12V, etc., the VCU changes from sending the system fault signal to sending the system no fault signal, the limp state restriction of the vehicle is cancelled, and the meter cancels lighting of the system fault lamp after receiving the system no fault signal, wherein the fourth setting value is greater than the third setting value.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an overall charging method for an electric vehicle battery according to the present specification. Firstly, judging the current gear of the ignition key, and in the step S1, judging that the ignition key is in an OFF gear; then executing step S2, VCU timing awakening; next, step S3 is executed, whether the battery temperature is within the set temperature range is determined; if not, executing the step S4, enabling the VCU to enter the sleep mode, starting timing and waking up at regular time; if yes, executing step S5, and judging whether the storage voltage is smaller than a first set voltage or not; if the storage voltage is not less than the first set voltage, executing step S4; if the current value is less than the preset value, executing a step S6, and awakening the BMS by the VCU; after waking up the BMS, executing step S7, and enabling the VCU and the BMS to pass self-checking; and if any one of the equipment self-tests fails, executing the step S8, stopping waking up the BMS by the VCU, and then executing the step S4.
If the VCU and the BMS pass the self-checking in the step S7, executing the step S9 to judge whether the whole vehicle high-voltage establishment is finished; if not, executing S8 and S4 in sequence; if the operation is finished, executing the step S10, and controlling the DCDC output power to charge the storage battery by the VCU; in the process of executing the step S10, executing the step S11, and determining whether the charging condition is satisfied; if the charging condition is not met, sequentially executing S8 and S4; if the charging condition is met, executing the step 12 to judge whether the charging is finished; if so, sequentially executing S8 and S4; if not, step S10 is executed.
Specifically, in the process of judging the current gear of the ignition key, if the ignition key is in the ACC gear, the step S13 is executed to judge that the ignition key is in the ACC gear; then, step S14 is executed, and whether the current voltage is less than a second set voltage is determined; if not, no operation is carried out; if yes, executing step S15, and obtaining that the storage battery is in a voltage protection state by the VCU; step S16 is executed, and when the ignition key is in the ON gear, whether the current voltage is greater than a third set voltage is judged; if not, continuing to execute the step S15; if yes, step S17 is executed, and the VCU requests the storage battery to exit the voltage protection state.
Specifically, in the process of judging the current gear of the ignition key, if the ignition key is in the ON gear or the READY gear, step S18 is executed to judge that the ignition key is in the ON gear or the READY gear; then, step S19 is executed, and the VCU controls the DCDC output power to charge the storage battery. For the specific implementation of step S19, reference may be made to descriptions of steps S201 to S204, and for brevity of the description, the description is not repeated herein.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the specification is that the low-voltage storage battery is detected by utilizing the idle state of the whole vehicle, the low-voltage storage battery is charged in time, the problem that the vehicle cannot be started due to storage battery feed is solved, and meanwhile, the service life of the storage battery is prolonged by optimizing the dynamic charging process; when the DCDC is not in operation, the high-power consumption equipment is turned off in time, so that the probability of over-discharge of the storage battery is reduced; in the driving process of the electric vehicle, the charging parameters are dynamically adjusted and optimized, the service life attenuation of the storage battery is delayed, the torque output is limited according to the voltage of the voltage storage battery, the driving safety is improved, and meanwhile, the storage battery is prevented from being over-discharged, and the service life of the low-voltage storage battery is prolonged.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the specification detects the voltage of the storage battery at fixed time when the vehicle is parked, the storage battery is automatically charged when the voltage is too low, the DCDC is controlled to output different working voltages to charge the storage battery according to the current voltage and the temperature of the storage battery, and the condition that the storage battery is lack of power due to long-time parking of the vehicle is avoided; and meanwhile, the charging current and the charging voltage of the storage battery are dynamically limited, so that the service life attenuation of the storage battery is delayed while the charging efficiency is improved.
The embodiment of the specification adopts the technical scheme that when the whole vehicle key signal is an ACC gear, the storage battery power-down protection is carried out: when vehicle ignition key is in ACC shelves, whole car does not have last high pressure, on-vehicle MP5 (or stereo set) this moment, but air conditioner warm braw air-blower etc. is in operating condition, these heavy load consumer power consumption is great, long-time the use can lead to the battery power to reduce gradually, if whole car is not in time gone up high pressure, can lead to the battery power to exhaust, influence the battery life-span, the unable normal start of vehicle when serious, detect through the voltage to the battery, in time close the on-vehicle consumer of heavy load, and remind the driver, avoid the battery to overdischarge to lead to insufficient electricity to a certain extent.
The technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the specification optimizes and protects the storage battery when the ignition key is in an ON gear or a READY gear, when the ignition key is in the ON gear or the READY gear, the whole vehicle finishes a high-voltage process, the storage battery is charged by dynamically adjusting the output voltage and the maximum charging current of the DCDC, the storage battery is prevented from repeatedly performing energy conversion, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged; meanwhile, in the running process of the electric vehicle, if the DCDC works abnormally, the storage battery continues to supply power to the low-voltage load, so that the electric quantity of the storage battery is gradually reduced, the low-voltage load cannot work (such as a steering system) when the low-voltage load is serious, accidents are easily caused, the VCU detects the voltage of the storage battery, and when the voltage of the storage battery is lower than a certain threshold value, the whole vehicle control system limits the torque output of a motor, so that the running safety of the vehicle is ensured.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment of the specification are as follows:
according to the technical scheme, when an ignition key of the electric vehicle is in an OFF gear, the electric vehicle is controlled to establish the whole vehicle high voltage when the storage voltage and the battery temperature of the storage battery meet the charging condition of the storage battery at set time intervals; after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a first charging current of the storage battery according to the storage battery voltage; determining a first charging voltage of the storage battery according to the temperature of the storage battery; the storage battery is charged according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage, so that the first charging current is determined according to the storage voltage of the storage battery, the first charging voltage is determined according to the temperature of the battery, the first charging current and the first charging voltage are determined according to the self and the environment of the storage battery when the storage battery is charged, the storage battery can be charged by adopting the charging current and the charging voltage matched with the self and the environment of the battery, the service life of the storage battery can be effectively prolonged, and the storage battery is lower in replacement frequency and lower in replacement frequency under the condition that the service life of the storage battery is prolonged, so that the use cost is reduced.
While preferred embodiments of the present specification have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the specification.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present specification without departing from the spirit and scope of the specification. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present specification fall within the scope of the claims of the present specification and their equivalents, the specification is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (8)

1. A method of charging a battery for an electric vehicle, comprising:
when an ignition key of the electric vehicle is in an OFF gear, detecting the storage voltage and the battery temperature of the storage battery at set intervals;
when the storage voltage and the battery temperature are detected to meet the charging condition of the storage battery, controlling the electric vehicle to establish the whole vehicle high voltage;
after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a first charging current of the storage battery according to the storage voltage; and determining a first charging voltage of the storage battery according to the battery temperature;
charging the storage battery according to the first charging current and the first charging voltage;
when the current gear of the ignition key is an ON gear or a READY gear, the method further comprises: determining the power shortage of the storage battery according to the current voltage of the storage battery; determining a second charging current of the storage battery according to the power shortage degree; after the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, determining a second charging voltage of the storage battery according to the current temperature of the storage battery; charging the storage battery according to the second charging current and the second charging voltage;
wherein the determining a second charging voltage of the battery according to the current temperature of the battery comprises: determining a compensation voltage according to the current temperature of the storage battery; and determining the second charging voltage according to the compensation voltage and a preset charging voltage.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the controlling the electric vehicle to establish a vehicle-wide high voltage upon detecting that both the stored voltage and the battery temperature satisfy a charging condition of a storage battery comprises:
judging whether the storage voltage is smaller than a first set voltage or not, and judging whether the battery temperature is within a set temperature range or not;
when the storage voltage is smaller than the first set voltage and the battery temperature is within the set temperature range, determining that the storage voltage and the battery temperature both meet the charging condition, and controlling the electric vehicle to establish a whole vehicle high voltage; otherwise, it is determined that the storage voltage and the battery temperature do not satisfy the charging condition.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling the electric vehicle to establish a vehicle-wide high voltage upon detecting that both the stored voltage and the battery temperature satisfy a charging condition of a storage battery comprises:
when the storage voltage and the battery temperature are detected to meet the charging condition of the storage battery, controlling the whole vehicle controller and the power battery management system to perform self-checking;
and when the vehicle controller and the power battery management system pass the self-checking, controlling the electric vehicle to establish the vehicle high voltage.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein during charging of the battery based on the first charging current and the first charging voltage, the method further comprises:
acquiring the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process in real time;
and if the charging current acquired at a certain moment is less than a first set current, charging the storage battery by using a fixed voltage.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein, in charging the battery based on the first charging current and the first charging voltage, the method further comprises:
detecting whether the operation data for the electric vehicle satisfies an exit charging condition;
and when the operation data meet the charge withdrawing condition, controlling the storage battery to withdraw from charging.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the current gear of the ignition key is an ACC gear, the method further comprises:
if the current voltage of the storage battery is detected to be smaller than a second set voltage, controlling the storage battery to be in a low-voltage protection state, and powering off other power consumption equipment of the electric vehicle;
reminding a driver to power on actively or power off timely after the other power consumption equipment is powered off;
and after the driver is actively electrified and the high voltage of the whole vehicle is established, controlling the storage battery to exit the low-voltage protection state.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein during charging of the battery based on the second charging current and the second charging voltage, the method further comprises:
acquiring load current according to the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process and the output current output to the storage battery by the converter;
and when the load current is greater than a preset limit current, controlling the output power of the converter not to be greater than a set power.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein during charging of the battery based on the second charging current and the second charging voltage, the method further comprises:
acquiring the charging current of the storage battery in the charging process in real time;
and if the charging current acquired in real time is detected to be smaller than a second set current, charging the storage battery by using a fixed voltage.
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