CN112621019A - Flux-cored copper brazing filler metal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flux-cored copper brazing filler metal and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112621019A CN112621019A CN202011563528.1A CN202011563528A CN112621019A CN 112621019 A CN112621019 A CN 112621019A CN 202011563528 A CN202011563528 A CN 202011563528A CN 112621019 A CN112621019 A CN 112621019A
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- flux
- filler metal
- brazing filler
- copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/05—Alloys based on copper with manganese as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/10—Alloys based on copper with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flux-cored copper brazing filler metal, which comprises a brazing flux core and a copper-based brazing filler metal coated with the brazing flux core; the flux core of the brazing flux contains boron powder; further preferably, the flux core of the brazing flux comprises the following substances in percentage by mass: 5-9% of boron powder, 1-3% of aluminum powder and 88-94% of brazing flux powder; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the flux-cored copper brazing filler metal, which comprises the following steps: step one, smelting a copper-based brazing filler metal ingot; step two, processing the cast ingot into a strip-shaped copper-based brazing filler metal; step three, making the strip copper-based brazing filler metal into a U shape, and closing the opening of the U-shaped groove after the flux core of the brazing flux is placed into the U-shaped brazing filler metal groove; rolling or drawing the rolled brazing filler metal pipe to prepare the target flux-cored copper brazing filler metal; the invention reduces the brazing temperature through the boron powder, improves the spreading performance of the brazing filler metal and improves the film removing effect of the flux core.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brazing filler metal, in particular to a flux-cored copper brazing filler metal and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, as a very important welding material, the brazing filler metal is an indispensable and vital connecting material in industries such as electric appliances, electronics, building decoration materials, military industry, manufacturing industry and the like, and a large amount of silver-based brazing filler metal is consumed in China every year.
The traditional silver-based solder modification mode is to add cadmium metal, the cadmium metal can effectively reduce the melting point of the solder, and the soldering fluidity of the silver-based solder is remarkably improved, particularly in the refrigeration industry, the cadmium-containing solder is almost completely adopted, however, the cadmium metal has great pollution to the environment and is harmful to the health of welding operators, and the cadmium metal is forbidden to be used in all countries in the world at present. The brazing temperature of the cadmium-free silver-based brazing filler metal is mostly over 1000 ℃, and the brazing temperature is high, so that the brazing filler metal is difficult to apply and popularize. The copper-based solder does not contain cadmium, has low manufacturing cost, can be brazed by a base metal which is close to the silver-based solder, but has high melting point, generally, in order to obtain lower brazing temperature, alloy elements such as tin, phosphorus and the like are added into the copper-based solder, the solder has high brittleness, cannot be processed into welding wires, can only be prepared into foil-shaped solder or powdery solder by a rapid solidification method, and the phosphorus element added into the copper-based solder and iron can easily generate Fe3The brittle phases such as P greatly deteriorate the mechanical properties of the soldered joint, so that the soldered joint cannot be used for soldering ferrous metals such as steel and stainless steel, and the application range of the soldered joint is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a flux-cored copper brazing filler metal, which reduces brazing temperature through boron powder, improves spreading performance of the brazing filler metal and improves film removing effect of flux cores.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the flux-cored copper brazing filler metal comprises a brazing flux core and a copper-based brazing filler metal coated with the brazing flux core;
the flux core of the flux contains boron powder.
Preferably, the flux core of the brazing flux comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
5% -9% of boron powder;
the balance of brazing flux powder.
The invention effectively controls the dosage of boron powder, and obviously improves the film removing capability by matching with brazing flux powder and other substances.
Further preferably, the flux core of the brazing flux comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
5% -9% of boron powder;
1 to 3 percent of aluminum powder;
88 to 94 percent of brazing flux powder.
The aluminum powder added into the flux-cored soldering flux is a strong reducing agent, and can generate an aluminothermic reaction with oxygen in metal oxide to remove an oxidation film to release a large amount of heat, so that the soldering temperature is reduced, the rapid flowing of the soldering flux can be accelerated to improve the spreadability of the soldering flux, the product aluminum oxide improves the hardness of soldering seams, the wear resistance is enhanced, and the aluminum powder can also be used as a flow inhibitor to prevent the soldering flux from flowing disorderly. The inner flux core of the invention has safe components and is friendly to brazing operators and environment.
Preferably, the brazing flux powder comprises borax and potassium fluoride, and the mass ratio of the borax to the potassium fluoride is 56: 5. the optimal proportion is obtained by optimizing different flux core formulas, and the stress of a soldered joint can be relieved.
The preferred particle size of the aluminum powder is 200nm to 500 nm. The small-particle aluminum powder is beneficial to full contact of aluminum powder particles and an oxide film, the aluminothermic reaction of the aluminum powder and the oxide film is full, the oxide film is effectively removed, and the strength of a soldered joint is improved.
Preferably, the copper-based brazing filler metal is 100 parts by mass, wherein:
3.6 to 7.7 portions of Si;
2.3 to 6.8 portions of Mn;
the balance of Cu.
According to the invention, when a small amount of manganese element is added into the copper-based brazing filler metal, the liquidus line of the brazing filler metal is reduced, the brazing filler metal can be melted and wet a base metal in a short time, and the lower the melting point of the brazing filler metal is, the lower the brazing heating temperature is, and the smaller the influence on the performance of the base metal is.
The addition of the manganese element improves the wettability of the brazing filler metal in the base metal, the liquid brazing filler metal is fully contacted with the base metal during brazing, the defects of air holes, slag inclusion and the like are reduced, the occurrence of stress concentration is reduced, and the shearing strength of a brazed joint is improved.
More preferably, the copper-based brazing filler metal is 100 parts by mass, wherein,
5.4 parts of Si;
4.5 parts of Mn;
the balance of Cu.
The small amount of Si element in the copper-based brazing filler metal can inhibit the amount of intermetallic compounds and improve the structure, but the content is not too much, otherwise, the brittleness of brazing seams can be increased. Along with the increase of the content of manganese in the brazing filler metal, the shearing strength of a brazing filler metal brazing joint is obviously improved, and the elongation after fracture tends to rise firstly and then slightly fall; according to the invention, the plasticity and toughness of the brazing filler metal are improved by optimizing the components and the using amount of the copper-based brazing filler metal, and the processability of the copper brazing filler metal is greatly improved; when the manganese content is 4.5 parts, the shearing strength of the brazing joint reaches 221MPa, and the shearing strength of the brazing joint is improved by 16.1 percent compared with the copper-based brazing filler metal with the manganese content of 2.3 parts.
Preferably, the total mass part of the flux core of the brazing flux and the copper-based brazing filler metal is 100 parts, and the mass part ratio of the flux core of the brazing flux to the copper-based brazing filler metal is 15: 85. According to the invention, the proper proportion of the brazing flux to the brazing filler metal reduces the energy consumption and the raw material cost on one hand; on the other hand, the residual quantity of the soldering flux after welding is small, the brazing filler metal is completely wetted, and the pores of the brazing seam are reduced. When the proportion is not proper, the brazing filler metal is not fully wetted, and the brazing seam has air holes to reduce the strength of the brazed joint.
Preferably, the particle size of the boron powder is 80-100 meshes.
When in brazing, the added boron powder can react with oxygen in the air to generate boron anhydride, the boron anhydride can react with a metal oxide film to generate borate, the oxide film is removed, the generated boron anhydride is the main component of the brazing flux, the brazing flux is saved, the heat emitted in the reaction process can be heated in a local small area of the brazing flux, and the wetting and spreading performance of the brazing flux is promoted; the added aluminum powder is a strong reducing agent, and can generate aluminothermic reaction with oxygen in the metal oxide to release a large amount of heat, so that the rapid flowing of the brazing filler metal can be accelerated, the spreadability of the brazing filler metal is improved, and a reaction product Al2O3The hardness of the brazing seam is improved, and the abrasion of the brazing seam is reduced.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the flux-cored copper brazing filler metal, the copper brazing filler metal with improved processing performance is prepared, and the wetting spreading performance of the brazing filler metal is promoted by boron powder.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a preparation method of a flux-cored copper brazing filler metal comprises the following steps:
step one, smelting a copper-based brazing filler metal ingot;
step two, processing the cast ingot into a banded copper-based brazing filler metal with the width of 30-50 mm and the thickness of 0.3-0.7 mm;
step three, making the strip copper-based brazing filler metal into a U shape, and closing the opening of the U-shaped groove after the flux core of the brazing flux is placed into the U-shaped brazing filler metal groove;
and step four, preparing the coiled brazing material pipe into the target flux-cored copper brazing filler metal with the outer diameter of 0.5-0.9 mm by a rolling or drawing method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, boron powder reacts with oxygen in the air to generate boric anhydride, a part of boric anhydride reacts with the metal oxide film on the surface of the parent metal to generate borate, and the oxide film is removed; the generated borate floats on the surface of the brazing seam in the form of slag, and is covered with a mechanical protection mode to isolate air, so that the brazing filler metal and the base metal are prevented from being oxidized by oxygen in the wetting process, and the brazing seam is protected; the rest boron anhydride still can play the role of the brazing flux, so that the dosage of the brazing flux is reduced;
2. the heat emitted in the reaction process can be heated in a local small area of the brazing flux to promote the wetting and spreading performance of the brazing flux;
3. the internal flux core component can reduce the brazing temperature, has better wetting and spreading capacity, and improves the mechanical property of the brazed joint.
Thereby achieving the above object of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a flux-cored copper brazing filler metal, which comprises a flux core and a copper-based brazing filler metal coated outside the flux core, wherein the flux core contains boron powder. The components and the dosage of the flux core of the brazing flux are detailed in table 1.
The components and amounts of the copper-based brazing filler metal are specified in table 2.
The mass ratio of the flux powder and the copper-based brazing filler metal is shown in table 2.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine core copper solder comprises the following steps:
step one, smelting a copper-based brazing filler metal ingot;
step two, processing the cast ingot into a banded copper-based brazing filler metal with the width of 30-50 mm and the thickness of 0.3-0.7 mm;
step three, making the strip copper-based brazing filler metal into a U shape, making the strip copper-based brazing filler metal into the U shape, and closing the opening of the U-shaped groove after the flux core of the brazing flux is placed into the U-shaped brazing flux groove;
and step four, preparing the coiled brazing material pipe into the target flux-cored copper brazing filler metal with the outer diameter of 0.5-0.9 mm by a rolling or drawing method.
Example 2
The main differences between this example and example 1 are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
Example 3
The main differences between this example and example 1 are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
Example 4
The main differences between this example and example 1 are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
Example 5
The main differences between this example and example 1 are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
Example 6
The main differences between this example and example 1 are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
Example 7
The main differences between this example and example 1 are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
The flux-cored copper brazing filler metal prepared in examples 1 to 7 was subjected to a performance test, and the specific test method was as follows:
elongation after fracture:
the elongation test after fracture of the copper-based solder is carried out according to the specification of the national standard GB/T228.1-2010, the elongation test after fracture of the copper-based solder is carried out on a vertical universal testing machine MTSCMT 104 type, and the test parameters are that the loading rate is 1 mm.min-1。
Wet spreading performance:
according to GB/T11364-. And (3) photographing the spread sample, introducing the photograph into AutoCAD, calculating the spreading area of the photograph, carrying out test for each group for 3 times, and taking the average value of the test.
Shear strength of brazed joint:
the shear strength of the soldered joint is tested according to GB/T11363-2008 'soldered joint strength test method', the used equipment is an AgI 250KN type island matrix AG-I universal tester, the tensile speed is 2mm & min-1The brazing base material is 45 steel, the specification of the brazing base material is 60mm multiplied by 25mm, flame brazing is adopted, the brazing temperature is 930 ℃, and the connection mode is lap joint.
Hardness of brazed joint:
according to the specification of the national standard GB/T4340.1, the Vickers hardness test is carried out on the alloy, the brazing base material is 45 steel, the specification of the alloy is 60mm multiplied by 25mm multiplied by 2.5mm, flame brazing is adopted, the brazing temperature is 930 ℃, and the connection mode is lap joint.
The hardness of the brazed joint was measured perpendicular to the braze joint using a microhardness tester, a silver HV-1000A type microhardness tester.
The data of the performance tests of the flux cored copper solders prepared in examples 1 to 7 are detailed in table 3.
Table 1 examples 1 to 7 compositions and amounts (mass%) of flux cores of flux-cored copper solders
| Item | Boron powder | Aluminum powder | Borax | Potassium fluoride |
| Example 1 | 5 | / | 87.22 | 7.78 |
| Example 2 | 5.3 | / | 86.94 | 7.76 |
| Practice ofExample 3 | 5.5 | 1 | 85.84 | 7.66 |
| Example 4 | 6.0 | 1.2 | 85.20 | 7.60 |
| Example 5 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 84.28 | 7.52 |
| Example 6 | 6.82 | 2.12 | 83.60 | 7.46 |
| Example 7 | 9 | 3 | 80.79 | 7.21 |
Table 2 compositions of copper-based solders and mass ratios of flux cores to copper-based solders in examples 1 to 7
Table 3 evaluation index of properties of flux cored copper solders obtained in examples 1 to 7
As can be seen from the data in Table 3, the copper cored solder prepared in example 1 and example 2 has a wet spreading property of 210mm2The elongation after fracture can reach 16.2%, the shear strength of the brazing joint is 195MPa, and the microhardness of the brazing joint can reach 543.6 HV; compared with the comparative examples 3 to 7, the flux-cored copper brazing filler metal prepared by selecting the boron powder and the aluminum powder which share the matching brazing filler metal powder and the copper-based brazing filler metal has obviously improved performances, which shows that when the boron powder and the aluminum powder share the same, the performances of the flux-cored copper brazing filler metal prepared by the invention can be further improved.
Claims (10)
1. The flux-cored copper brazing filler metal is characterized in that: comprises a flux core and a copper-based brazing filler metal coated with the flux core;
the flux core of the flux contains boron powder.
2. The flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein: the flux core of the soldering flux comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
5% -9% of boron powder;
the balance of brazing flux powder.
3. The flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein: the flux powder comprises dehydrated borax and potassium fluoride, and the mass ratio of the dehydrated borax to the potassium fluoride is 56: 5.
4. the flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein: the flux core of the soldering flux comprises the following substances in percentage by mass:
5% -9% of boron powder;
1 to 3 percent of aluminum powder;
88 to 94 percent of brazing flux powder.
5. The flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the aluminum powder is 200 nm-500 nm.
6. The flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein: the copper-based brazing filler metal comprises 100 parts by weight of:
3.6 to 7.7 portions of Si;
2.3 to 6.8 portions of Mn;
the balance of Cu.
7. The flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein:
the mass portion of the copper-based brazing filler metal is 100 portions, wherein,
5.4 parts of Si;
4.5 parts of Mn;
the balance of Cu.
8. The flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein: the total mass portion of the flux core of the soldering flux and the copper-based brazing filler metal is 100 portions, and the mass portion ratio of the flux core of the soldering flux to the copper-based brazing filler metal is 15: 85.
9. The flux cored copper brazing filler metal of claim 1, wherein: the granularity of the boron powder is 80-100 meshes.
10. A method for preparing the flux cored copper brazing filler metal according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, smelting a copper-based brazing filler metal ingot;
step two, processing the cast ingot into a banded copper-based brazing filler metal with the width of 30-50 mm and the thickness of 0.3-0.7 mm;
step three, making the strip copper-based brazing filler metal into a U shape, and closing the opening of the U-shaped groove after the flux core of the brazing flux is placed into the U-shaped brazing filler metal groove;
and step four, preparing the brazing filler metal pipe rolled in the step three into the target flux-cored copper brazing filler metal with the outer diameter of 0.5-0.9 mm by a rolling or drawing method.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113441872A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-09-28 | 江苏科技大学 | Copper alloy composite welding material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210409 |