CN112620749B - Milling method for arc-shaped surface of carbon fiber joint - Google Patents
Milling method for arc-shaped surface of carbon fiber joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN112620749B CN112620749B CN202011472535.0A CN202011472535A CN112620749B CN 112620749 B CN112620749 B CN 112620749B CN 202011472535 A CN202011472535 A CN 202011472535A CN 112620749 B CN112620749 B CN 112620749B
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- B23C3/16—Working surfaces curved in two directions
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of machining, and discloses a milling method of a carbon fiber joint arc-shaped surface, wherein a mode of variable swing angle truss cutting is adopted, a process strategy of side edge large-allowance rough milling, bottom tooth large-cutting-amount semi-finish machining and bottom tooth small-cutting-amount finish machining is provided, when machining is carried out, rough machining, finish machining process allowance and machining parameters are reasonably distributed, the milling efficiency is integrally improved, meanwhile, the arc-shaped surface and a tangent ruled surface are machined and formed simultaneously, and the stable milling of a carbon fiber large-curvature arc-shaped surface structure is realized, a cutter connecting step of an arc-shaped surface and a tangent ruled surface transition region is eliminated, and the surface quality integrity of the carbon fiber joint arc-shaped surface is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a milling method for an arc-shaped surface of a carbon fiber joint.
Background
Carbon Fiber (CFRP) is an advanced composite material compounded by using high-strength and high-modulus Carbon fibers as a reinforcing phase and using anti-fatigue and anti-corrosion resin as a matrix phase, has excellent properties of high strength and specific stiffness, low density, corrosion resistance, convenience in processing and forming and the like, is widely applied and popularized in the fields of aviation and aerospace, and has become a mainstream material of large-scale bearing members.
However, the reinforcing fibers and the resin matrix have large differences in physical and mechanical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, etc., which results in a large difference in the form of cutting failure from that of the metal material. The carbon fiber material is influenced by the characteristics of the reinforced fiber and the resin matrix in the cutting process and also by the factors of the orientation distribution of the reinforced fiber and the like, so that the carbon fiber material has the characteristics of high hardness, low interlayer strength, high brittleness, anisotropy and the like, the processing defects of fiber layering, tearing and the like exist in the milling process, and a lot of difficulties are brought to the high-quality and high-efficiency numerical control milling of the carbon fiber material. The cutter alternately acts between the matrix material and the carbon fiber material, and the nonuniformity of the two-phase materials ensures that the cutting performance of the cutter is greatly different in matching, so that the two-phase materials are easy to generate material separation incoordination in the cutting process under the action of the same cutting edge; the carbon fiber composite material has different removal mechanisms of materials in different fiber directions, the interlayer bonding strength is only 5% -20% of the tensile strength of the carbon fiber composite material along the fiber direction, interlayer layering is easy to form under the action of excessive cutting force, resin can generate large plastic deformation in the milling process, the original strength and hardness of a base material are easy to lose particularly under the influence of cutting temperature, the reinforced material loses due protection and support, and processing defects such as fiber tearing, burrs, layering, fiber bundle extraction and the like are easy to generate. Therefore, the realization of high-quality, high-efficiency and high-precision numerical control milling of the carbon fiber component becomes a key technical difficulty in manufacturing, processing, popularization and application of the carbon fiber composite material.
Currently, the curvature of a circular arc profile formed by laying and curing carbon fiber members is small, and the central angle theta does not exceed 90 degrees generally. The existing overall processing technology is fixed swing angle truss cutting, namely, the axis of a cutter and the normal line of a profile are in a 5-10 degree relation, and milling is carried out by utilizing a cutter base angle R in a mode of small cutting depth, small cutting width and back-and-forth feed (as shown in figure 1), so that the problem of low profile processing efficiency exists; further, for a large-curvature arc profile structure (as shown in fig. 2) with a central angle larger than 90 degrees, the fixed pendulum truss cutting is performed by adopting a mode of arc segmentation, arc segmentation and ruled surface segmentation, and due to the difference of the swing angles of the cutters of different arc segments, local residues and cutter connecting steps exist among the profiles of the segments, so that the overall surface quality of the profiles is influenced.
In conclusion, because the existing technical scheme has the problems of low processing efficiency, poor surface quality and the like, the processing requirement of the carbon fiber profile cannot be met, and a high-efficiency and high-quality profile milling general method needs to be explored urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and the defects in the prior art, the application provides a numerical control milling method for a carbon fiber joint arc-shaped surface, and aims to realize high-quality and high-efficiency milling processing of a carbon fiber material large-curvature arc-shaped surface structure.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present application is as follows:
a milling method of a carbon fiber joint arc-shaped surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, selecting a large-diameter end milling cutter with a cutting edge made of high-strength PCD materials, and roughly milling an arc-shaped surface and a tangent ruled surface by using a side edge of a cutter with large cutting dosage; secondly, adjusting the cutting depth, and utilizing the bottom teeth of the cutter to semi-finish mill the molded surface; finally, the profile is finely milled in place by adopting a combination of small cutting depth, width cutting and high feeding parameters through the bottom teeth of the cutter.
Preferably, the diameter D of the selected end milling cutter is more than or equal to 20mm, and the base angle R is more than or equal to 5 mm.
Preferably, when the arc-shaped surface and the tangent straight grain surface of the carbon fiber joint are milled, the diameter D of the used end mill cutter is more than or equal to 20mm, and the bottom angle R is more than or equal to 5 mm. The milling mode is variable swing angle truss cutting, the swing angle range is more than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees, the arc-shaped surface and the tangent ruled surface are processed and formed by the same feed track, and the axis of the cutter is always along the normal of the surface.
Preferably, when the variable swing angle truss cuts and processes a circular arc profile and a tangent straight line profile, the feed track is back and forth feed, the milling direction is parallel to the fiber bundle direction of the part, and the feed and retraction point, the turning point and the acceleration and deceleration point are all arranged outside the part structure and are not layered axially.
Preferably, when the arc-shaped surface and the tangent straight-line surface are roughly milled, the cutting depth Ap is more than or equal to 1.2R, the cutting width Ae = (1/6-1/7) D, the large allowance milling is realized by utilizing the side edge, the rotating speed S is more than or equal to 16000R/min, the feeding amount F is less than or equal to 1000mm/min, and the process allowance is 5.5-6 mm.
Preferably, when the semi-finish milling arc-shaped surface and the tangent straight grain surface are milled, the cutting depth is more than or equal to 0.8R and less than Ap and less than R, the cutting width is Ae = (1/6-1/7) D, milling is carried out by utilizing the bottom teeth R of the cutter, the rotating speed S is more than or equal to 16000R/min, the feeding amount is (1-1.5) F, and the process allowance is 1.5-2 mm.
Preferably, when the semi-finish milling arc-shaped surface and the tangent straight grain surface are milled, the cutting depth Ap is less than or equal to 2mm, the cutting width Ae = (1/9-1/10) D, the feeding amount is (1.5-2) F, the rotating speed S is more than or equal to 16000R/min, and the bottom tooth R of the cutter is used for cutting in place.
The beneficial effect of this application:
(1) the application provides a technological strategy of side edge large-allowance rough milling, bottom tooth large-cutting-amount semi-finish machining and bottom tooth small-cutting-amount finish machining, when machining is conducted, rough machining technological allowances, finish machining technological allowances and machining parameters are reasonably distributed, and milling efficiency is integrally improved.
(2) The variable swing angle truss tangent mode is suitable for one-step machining and integral forming of a large-curvature arc profile with the central angle of 90 degrees and alpha less than or equal to 180 degrees, can eliminate the problems of local residue, tool connecting steps and the like caused by arc segmented fixed swing machining and arc segment and tangent ruled surface segmented machining, and ensures the integrity of the surface quality of the arc profile.
(3) This application becomes swing angle and makes a round trip to advance under the feed mode, move back sword point, turning point and add the deceleration point and all set up the part outside, and the cutter axis is along circular arc profile normal all the time, realizes that cutting direction is on a parallel with part fibre direction, is favorable to the even cutting between cutter and the carbon fiber material, has reduced cutting force and diversion and has reduced, consequently has further improved milling efficiency.
Drawings
The foregoing and following detailed description of the present application will become more apparent when read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art process for milling an arc-shaped surface of a carbon fiber member at a fixed swing angle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a large-curvature arc-shaped surface of a carbon fiber joint;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a process for cutting a carbon fiber joint arc-shaped surface with a variable swing angle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tool feeding trajectory of a rough milling and semi-finish machining arc-shaped surface of a carbon fiber joint;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a feeding path for finish machining a circular arc profile of a carbon fiber joint.
In the figure:
1. a normal profile; 2. an end mill; 3. a large-curvature arc-shaped surface; 4. a ruled surface tangent to the starting end of the arc-shaped surface; 5. a ruled surface tangent to the tail end of the arc-shaped surface; 6. a carbon fiber joint; 7. cutting amount of the semi-finish milling molded surface; 8. cutting amount of the finish machining molded surface; 9. roughly milling and semi-finely milling the feed track of the molded surface; 10. and (4) finishing the feed track of the profile.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions for achieving the objects of the present invention are further described by the following specific examples, and it should be noted that the technical solutions claimed in the present application include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
Referring to the attached drawings 2-5 in the specification, the application discloses a method for milling a circular arc profile of a carbon fiber joint, which is realized by the following steps:
the first step is as follows: roughly milling an arc-shaped surface and a tangent ruled surface, wherein a cutter with the diameter D of more than or equal to 20mm, the base angle R of more than or equal to 5mm and a cutting edge is an end mill 2 made of high-strength PCD (Poly Crystal Diamond) material; the method adopts a mode of back-and-forth feeding with a variable swing angle, the swing angle of a main shaft of the machine tool is continuously changed according to the change of the normal direction of the profile in the milling process, the large allowance milling with the cutting depth Ap being more than or equal to 1.2R is realized through the side edge of the cutter, the milling processing of the large-curvature arc profile 5 of the carbon fiber joint 6 and the tangent ruled surfaces 3 and 4 is synchronously completed, and a feeding track 9 is formed; the milling parameters are set as follows: the cutting depth Ap is more than or equal to 1.2R, the cutting width Ae = (1/6-1/7) D, the rotating speed S is more than or equal to 16000R/min, and the feeding amount F is less than or equal to 1000 mm/min.
The second step is that: adjusting the cutting depth to be more than or equal to 0.8R and less than or equal to Ap and R, increasing the feed amount to be (1-1.5) F, and adopting a cutter bottom tooth to semi-finish the molded surface to form a feed track 9.
The third step: optimizing cutting parameters: the cutting depth Ap is less than or equal to 2mm, the cutting width Ae = (1/9-1/10) D, the feeding amount is (1.5-2) F, and the bottom teeth R of the cutter are used for cutting the section in place to form a feed track 10.
The feed track design of milling of the carbon fiber joint arc-shaped surface is shown in fig. 4 and 5: the application provides a processing strategy suitable for the large-curvature arc profile, the large-curvature arc profile of a carbon fiber joint and a tangent ruled surface are combined into an integral profile, a variable swing angle truss cutting feed mode is adopted, the change range of the swing angle of a cutter shaft is more than 90 degrees and less than or equal to alpha =180 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees, all the profiles can be simultaneously processed and formed under the same feed track, the processing efficiency can be improved, the problems of local residue and cutter receiving steps in the segmented milling processing can be solved, and the surface quality integrity of the processed profiles is ensured. Meanwhile, the tool path advancing point, the tool retracting point, the turning point and the accelerating and decelerating point are all arranged outside the part, and the axis of the tool is always along the normal line of the arc-shaped surface, so that the cutting direction is parallel to the fiber direction of the part, uniform cutting between the tool and the carbon fiber material is facilitated, the cutting force is reduced, and the processing efficiency and the stability are further improved.
The planning of the cutting process allowance during milling of the arc-shaped surface of the carbon fiber joint is shown in fig. 3: during rough milling, a machining mode of large cutting depth, wide cutting and small feeding is adopted, a side edge of a cutter is used for cutting with large allowance, the process allowance delta 1+ delta 2= 5.5-6 mm is reserved, no layering is caused in the axial direction, and the material removal rate is improved; during semi-finish milling, the cutting depth is smaller than the cutter bottom tooth R, the cutter bottom tooth is used for carrying out variable swing angle truss cutting, a process allowance delta 2= 1.5-2 mm is reserved, the material allowance is stably removed, and the surface quality is improved; and during finish milling, a small-cutting deep-cutting wide and high-feeding processing mode is adopted, cutting force is reduced by reducing cutting allowance, and the surface quality integrity of the processed molded surface is further improved.
By adopting the processing method, the arc-shaped surface of the carbon fiber joint is milled, the feeding speed is increased to 1200mm/min from 600mm/min, the processing efficiency is increased by 50%, the cutter-connecting step structure of the original processing method is eliminated in the processing process, and the surface quality integrity of the arc-shaped surface is ensured.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is further noted that, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in any way, and any simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present application are within the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A milling method of a carbon fiber joint arc-shaped surface is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, selecting a large-diameter end mill with a cutting edge made of high-strength PCD materials, and roughly milling an arc-shaped surface and a tangent ruled surface by adopting a side edge of a cutter with large cutting amount; secondly, adjusting the cutting depth, and utilizing the bottom teeth of the cutter to semi-finish mill the molded surface; finally, the profile is finely milled in place by adopting a combination of small cutting depth, wide cutting and high feeding parameters through the bottom teeth of the cutter; the milling mode is variable swing angle truss cutting, the swing angle range is more than 90 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees, the large-curvature arc-shaped surface of the carbon fiber joint and the tangent ruled surface are jointed into an integral surface, the arc-shaped surface and the tangent ruled surface are processed and formed by the same feed track, and the axis of the cutter is always along the normal of the surface; when the truss is cut to process an arc-shaped surface and a tangent straight grain surface, the feed mode is to-and-fro feed, the milling direction is parallel to the fiber bundle direction of the part, and the feeding and retracting point, the turning point and the acceleration and deceleration point are all arranged outside the part structure and are not layered axially.
2. The method for milling the circular arc profile of the carbon fiber joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the diameter D of the selected end milling cutter is more than or equal to 20mm, and the bottom angle R is more than or equal to 5 mm.
3. The method for milling the circular arc profile of the carbon fiber joint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the arc-shaped surface and the tangent straight grain surface are roughly milled, the allowance is kept at 5.5-6 mm, and the allowance is kept at 1.5-2 mm during semi-finish milling.
4. The milling method of the arc-shaped surface of the carbon fiber joint according to claim 2, characterized in that: roughly milling an arc-shaped surface and a tangent straight grain surface, wherein the cutting depth Ap is more than or equal to 1.2R, the feed F is less than or equal to 1000mm/min, and large allowance milling is realized by utilizing a side edge; when semi-finish milling is carried out, the cutting depth is more than or equal to 0.8R and less than Ap and R, and the feeding amount is (1-1.5) F; during rough machining and semi-finish machining, the cutting width is Ae = (1/6-1/7) D, and the rotating speed S is not less than 16000 r/min.
5. The milling method of the arc-shaped surface of the carbon fiber joint, according to claim 4, is characterized in that: when the arc-shaped surface and the tangent straight-line surface are finely milled, the cutting depth Ap is less than or equal to 2mm, the cutting width Ae = (1/9-1/10) D, and the feeding amount is (1.5-2) F.
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| CN113369551A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | End mill and double-curved-surface milling method for wing surface of rotating shaft beam based on end mill |
| CN113878307A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-01-04 | 四川明日宇航工业有限责任公司 | Method for processing special-shaped rotating shaft beam |
| CN114535674A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-05-27 | 安徽宁国中鼎模具制造有限公司 | C-shaped groove machining method |
| CN114850547B (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-25 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Carbon fiber member contour milling damage inhibition method |
| CN115488360B (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-03-07 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Efficient turning method for annular mortise of high-temperature alloy disc |
| CN117556645A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Surface roughness Sz-based composite member profile milling parameter determination method |
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| US3910159A (en) * | 1974-02-15 | 1975-10-07 | Floyd R Gladwin | Apparatus for forming large radius, compound curved surfaces upon large plate-like workpieces |
| JP2005342805A (en) * | 2004-05-31 | 2005-12-15 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Radius end mill and cutting method using it |
| CN102866671B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-11-12 | 北京航天新风机械设备有限责任公司 | Large-arc ruled surface numerical control machining cutter path planning method |
| CN204309270U (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-05-06 | 东莞市海旭新材料技术有限公司 | A kind of carbon fiber opening inspection device framework |
| CN107931678A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-20 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | A kind of half casing taper surface high speed milling method of high temperature alloy point |
| CN108857513B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2023-08-29 | 常州阳德自动化科技有限公司 | Multifunctional three-dimensional automatic milling device for wind driven generator blade |
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