Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for modifying a powder metallurgy magnetic material based on a pulse magnetic field, and solves the technical problems that the traditional heat treatment method in the prior art is high in energy consumption and long in treatment period, and inevitable burning loss occurs on small parts.
The invention provides a method for modifying a powder metallurgy magnetic material based on a pulse magnetic field, which comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining a part to be processed with a clean and flat surface;
s2, obtaining information of the part to be processed, including the geometric shape of the outer surface of the part, the maximum section size of the part, the composition of the part, the grain size of the part, the material density of the part and the resistivity of the part;
s3, determining parameters of the pulse magnetic field according to the information such as the density and the resistivity of the part material obtained in the step S2, wherein the parameters comprise the direction, the peak intensity, the frequency and the pulse number of the pulse magnetic field;
s4, placing the part into a pulse magnetic field;
and S5, releasing the pulse magnetic field and finishing the pulse magnetic field treatment.
Further, when the total content of iron, cobalt and nickel in the parts is lower than 70% in the step S2, a bidirectional pulse magnetic field is used; when the total content is higher than 70%, a unidirectional pulsed magnetic field is used.
Further, in the step S3, the peak intensity of the sample whose saturation magnetization can be directly measured is set to be between the saturation magnetization of the sample and the theoretical maximum magnetic saturation intensity of the sample.
Further, in step S3, the saturation magnetization cannot be directly measured, and a sample of the part which has no national standard reference is not obtained, and the peak intensity of the pulsed magnetic field is set to be between the minimum value and the maximum value of the saturation magnetization of each constituent element in the sample.
Further, when the waveform of the pulsed magnetic field is a chord curve in step S3, the formula is shown
And calculating the energy loss of the part in the pulsed magnetic field, and controlling the energy loss to be less than 15% of the total energy input.
In the above formula, P is the energy consumption (W/kg) of the unit mass of the part; k is a constant, 2 is taken for parts with curved surfaces, and 1 is taken for parts without curved surfaces; bp is the pulsed magnetic field peak intensity; d is the dimension of the part at the maximum wall thickness; f is the frequency of the pulse magnetic field to be set; ρ is the part material resistivity; and D is the density of the part material.
Further, in step S3, the total time for which the part is subjected to the magnetic field treatment is longer than 10S, based on the waveform of the pulsed magnetic field.
Further, in step S4, the area where the outer surface of the part is perpendicular to and parallel to the magnetic induction line is maximized.
Further, the part is one in step S4, and is placed in the central area of the magnetic field processing apparatus.
Further, in step S4, the number of the parts is multiple, and the minimum distance between two adjacent parts should be greater than the maximum physical requirement size of a single part.
Further, in step S4, the component is fixed by a non-magnetic and non-electric vibration-proof device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the ferromagnetic material is modified by using the pulsed magnetic field as an energy source, so that the energy consumption is low, the processing time is short, and the efficiency is high. The pulse magnetic field parameters are easy to adjust, the parts do not need further treatment after being treated by the pulse magnetic field, the steps are simple, and the parts with small sizes and small batches can be quickly treated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally arranged when the products of the present invention are used, or orientations or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, which are merely used for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements that are referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be mechanically coupled, directly coupled, indirectly coupled through intervening media, or may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for modifying a powder metallurgy magnetic material based on a pulse magnetic field, wherein parts of the powder metallurgy magnetic material to be processed are prepared by the following steps of (1): 1, polishing the surface of the cylindrical FeCo soft magnetic part by using sand paper until the part is bright and has metallic luster, removing a surface oxide layer, and cleaning by using an ultrasonic cleaner and using absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium to obtain a part to be treated with a clean and flat surface;
the dimensions of the cylindrical FeCo soft-magnetic part were measured to be a diameter of 8mm x a height of 10mm, with a composition of 50 w% Fe and 50 wt% Co; the microstructure and grain size of the sample are shown in FIG. 1, and the density of the part is 7.68g/cm3The resistivity was 8.16. omega. m;
determining parameters of the pulsed magnetic field: the component composition of the part is 100% composed of iron and cobalt, so a unidirectional pulsed magnetic field is used;
analyzing theoretical magnetic saturation intensity of each component in the part according to the maximum magnetic saturation intensity and phase composition of the constituent elements of the part, and setting the peak intensity 1T of a pulse magnetic field to be between the maximum saturation intensity and the minimum saturation intensity of different components by estimating about 1.1T of Fe and about 0.8T of Co;
in this embodiment, the waveform of the pulsed magnetic field is a sawtooth wave as shown in FIG. 2, and a so-called pulsed magnetic field frequency of 0.1Hz is used according to the performance of the magnetic treatment apparatus;
in this embodiment, the pulsed magnetic field single magnetic treatment has a magnetic field time of 0.05s or more as shown in FIG. 2, and thus the number of pulses of the pulsed magnetic field is set to 20 times;
the parts in the embodiment are cylindrical, so that the upper circular bottom surface and the lower circular bottom surface of the part are set to be perpendicular to the magnetic induction lines, and the side surfaces of the part are arranged to be parallel to the magnetic induction lines;
placing the part in the central area of magnetic treatment equipment, and pressing the part to be treated from two ends by using a rubber pressure head;
and releasing the pulse magnetic field, and finishing the pulse magnetic field treatment after the pulse magnetic field is released.
The performance of the iron-cobalt soft magnetic part subjected to the pulse magnetic treatment is measured, and the following beneficial effects are achieved: testing the hardness of the part, wherein the hardness of the part is increased from 283.3HV to 290.2 HV; the residual stress is reduced from-233.67 MPa to-121.23 MPa; the saturation magnetic strength of unit mass is increased from 6.2emu/g to 8emu/g, and the initial magnetic conductivity is increased by 1.73 times; the low-angle grain boundaries in the matrix structure of the part are effectively eliminated, as shown in FIG. 3.
Example 2
In this embodiment, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the powder metallurgy magnetic part to be processed is a ring-shaped magnetic part of Fe48-Co50-2V, the surface of the part is polished by sand paper until the part is bright and has metallic luster, the oxide layer on the surface is removed, and the part to be processed with a clean and flat surface is obtained by using an ultrasonic cleaner and absolute ethyl alcohol as a medium for cleaning;
measuring the sizes of the annular FeCoV soft magnetic part to be 4mm in inner diameter, 8mm in outer diameter and 10mm in height, wherein the annular FeCoV soft magnetic part comprises 48 wt% of Fe, 50 wt% of Co and 2 wt% of V; the microstructure and grain size of the sample are shown in FIG. 4, and the density of the part is 7.98g/cm3Resistivity of 0.27 μ Ω · m;
determining parameters of the pulsed magnetic field;
the total mass fraction of iron and cobalt in the component composition of the part reaches 98 percent, so a unidirectional pulse magnetic field is used;
obtaining the saturation magnetization of the sample to be 1.2T according to the measured hysteresis loop of the sample, wherein the theoretical maximum magnetic saturation of the sample is 2.2T, so that the peak intensity of the pulse magnetic field is set to be 1.5T;
in this embodiment, the waveform of the pulsed magnetic field is as shown in fig. 5, and is a sawtooth waveform, so that the efficiency of the pulsed magnetic field treatment is improved as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the energy loss meets the requirement, and a so-called pulsed magnetic field frequency of 0.1Hz is adopted;
in this embodiment, the pulsed magnetic field single treatment has a magnetic field time of 0.05s or more, as shown in FIG. 5, and thus the number of pulsed magnetic field pulses is set to 200 times;
the geometric shape of the part in the embodiment is a cylindrical ring, so that the bottom surfaces of the upper ring and the lower ring of the part are set to be vertical to the direction of the magnetic induction line, and the side surfaces of the part are arranged in parallel to the direction of the magnetic induction line;
placing the part in the central area of magnetic treatment equipment, and pressing the part to be treated from two ends by using a rubber pressure head;
and releasing the pulse magnetic field, and finishing the pulse magnetic field treatment after the pulse magnetic field is released.
The performance test of the FeCoV part subjected to the pulse treatment has the following beneficial effects: the microstructure observation can observe Fe between grain boundaries2The impurity phase of the Co complex is obviously reduced, and the matrix structure of the sample is improved, as shown in figure 6; the magnetic hysteresis loop of the sample is further tested, the magnetic saturation intensity of the sample is improved from 4.60emu/g to 7.35emu/g due to the reduction of the impurity phase, the magnetic permeability is also obviously improved, and the magnetic hysteresis loop of the sample is shown in figure 7.
The invention is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and any other various forms of products can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in shape or structure thereof, which fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the claims, fall within the scope of the present invention.