CN112615682A - External calibration network for cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array - Google Patents
External calibration network for cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array Download PDFInfo
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- CN112615682A CN112615682A CN202011465268.4A CN202011465268A CN112615682A CN 112615682 A CN112615682 A CN 112615682A CN 202011465268 A CN202011465268 A CN 202011465268A CN 112615682 A CN112615682 A CN 112615682A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
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Abstract
The invention relates to an external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array, belonging to the field of radars and communication systems. The calibration coupling antenna array consists of twelve wide-beam coupling antennas which are uniformly distributed around a cylindrical two-dimensional phased array; the switch power distribution network comprises a radio frequency power divider and a single-pole double-throw radio frequency switch; the calibration receiving/transmitting component consists of a receiving channel, a transmitting channel and a receiving/transmitting switch. The invention designs an external calibration network for the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array by controlling the transceiving and switching states of the wide-beam coupling antennas around the distributed cylindrical array, eliminates the mutual influence of adjacent wide-beam coupling antennas, and successfully realizes the real-time calibration and detection function of the transceiving channel of the external calibration network of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radar and communication systems, and particularly relates to an external calibration network of a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array, which is used for realizing the real-time calibration and detection functions of a receiving and transmitting channel of a radar and communication system.
Background
Compared with a plane phased array which is commonly used at present, the cylindrical phased antenna array has the advantage of 360-degree coverage of the azimuth, is widely applied to practical engineering in recent years, and is mainly applied to a command receiving and transmitting system of a medium-long distance missile, a battlefield reconnaissance radar, an anti-unmanned aerial vehicle radar and the like.
The active phased array antenna high-performance online calibration technology aims at performing real-time online correction on active errors so as to ensure that a phased array can obtain stable high characteristics under different working environments. In technical implementation, online calibration is divided into an inner calibration mode and an outer calibration mode. When receiving the internal correction, the control module controls the correction transceiving unit to generate a required correction signal, and the required correction signal is coupled to each receiving channel through a correction coupling network in the antenna; when receiving the external correction, the correction signal enters each receiving channel after being coupled to the array antenna unit through the external antenna through space. When the internal calibration is transmitted, the control module controls each transceiver unit to generate required calibration signals one by one, and the signals are coupled to the calibration coupling network one by one through the calibration coupling network in the antenna and transmitted to the calibration transceiver unit; when the external correction is transmitted, the control module controls each transceiver unit to generate the required correction signals one by one, and the signals are coupled to the external antenna one by one through the array antenna unit and transmitted to the correction transceiver unit.
In order to realize the indexes of high pointing accuracy, low sidelobe level and the like of the cylindrical active phased array wave beam, the amplitude and the phase of each transceiving channel need to be strictly and accurately controlled, so that the periodic calibration of the amplitude and the phase of the transceiving channel of the system is essential. However, in the existing domestic and foreign documents, the related reports of the internal calibration and external calibration methods applied to the cylindrical phased antenna array are few.
The conventional internal calibration can directly couple a part of radio frequency signals at the array antenna, feed microwave energy through the power divider, thereby measuring the signal amplitude value and the phase value of each channel, then select a path of signal as a reference signal, and perform amplitude-phase normalization on each channel, so as to obtain calibration data of each channel. When the method is used for a cylindrical active phased array, a weak coupling network needs to be additionally designed for each column of transceiving channels, and the complexity of a feeding network and a transceiving network is increased. When the diameter of the ring is larger and the array in the ring direction is more, the cost of the linear array and the design and processing difficulty are increased. The external cross calibration method can reduce the complexity of the linear array and the feed network, effectively reduce the cost of the two-dimensional active phased array, but the external calibration scheme applied to the cylindrical phased antenna array is rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The existing phased array internal calibration technology needs to additionally design a coupling channel on a phased array receiving and transmitting channel, and the design complexity of a cylindrical active phased array is increased. In order to avoid the internal calibration of the cylindrical active phased array in the prior art, a weak coupling network needs to be added, the operation is complex, and the calibration precision is influenced. The invention provides a simple, easy-to-integrate and low-cost external calibration method for a cylindrical active phased array, a calibration network is designed around the cylindrical array, no change or influence is caused on the phased array, the design complexity of the phased array is not increased, the problem of real-time calibration and detection of a receiving and transmitting channel of the cylindrical active phased array can be successfully solved, and the external calibration method can be widely popularized and applied in engineering practice.
Technical scheme
An external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array is characterized by comprising a calibration coupling antenna array, a switch power dividing network and a calibration receiving/transmitting assembly, wherein the calibration coupling antenna array is composed of twelve wide-beam coupling antennas and is uniformly distributed around the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array in the circumferential direction; the total port of the switch power distribution network is connected with the calibration receiving/transmitting component, and the 12 branch ports are respectively connected with the wide beam coupling antenna; adjusting the diameter difference dr between a circular ring and a cylindrical two-dimensional phased array and the height difference d between the lower edge of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased array of the calibration coupling antenna array (1)hThe wide beam coupling antenna (11) can be adjusted to be in contact with the cylindrical two-dimensional active phaseThe fluctuation of the coupling coefficient between the transmitting and receiving channels of the control array meets the requirement of the dynamic range of the system.
Each wide beam coupled antenna in the calibration coupled antenna array is responsible for calibrating the transceiver units within a 30 sector of the phased array.
The switch power dividing network consists of a 1-to-12 radio frequency power divider and 12 single-pole double-throw radio frequency switches, wherein in two gating ports of each single-pole double-throw switch, a port is used as a branch port of the switch power dividing network, and the port is connected with a 50-ohm absorption resistor.
The calibration transceiver module is a module having a receive channel and a transmit channel.
D ish＝3λ0。
D isr＝4λ0。
Advantageous effects
The invention provides an external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array, which designs the external calibration network for the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array by adopting a switch switching type annular calibration coupling antenna array, eliminates the mutual influence of adjacent wide beam coupling antennas, successfully realizes the real-time calibration detection function of a receiving and transmitting channel of the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array, and provides a basis for improving the reliability and maintainability of a cylindrical conformal array radar. Compared with the prior art, the introduction of the switch switching type annular calibration coupling antenna array can realize the simplification and low-cost design of an external calibration network of the active phased array on the basis of not changing a cylindrical conformal two-dimensional active phased array framework, provides a basis for realizing the real-time calibration detection function of a radar and a communication system, and can be popularized and applied to frustum-shaped and elliptical active phased arrays.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a calibrated coupled antenna array layout according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 3 shows a graph of coupling coefficients for calibrating a coupled antenna array with a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array according to an embodiment of the invention
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
12 wide-beam coupling antennas are uniformly distributed on a ring coaxial with the cylindrical active phased array below, the port of each antenna is connected with a branch port of a one-to-12 switch power distribution network, the total port of the switch power distribution network is connected with a calibration receiving/transmitting assembly to form an amplitude-phase external calibration network, and the real-time calibration detection function of the active phased array receiving and transmitting channel is realized.
The external calibration network for the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array is designed and comprises a calibration coupling antenna array, a switch power division network and a calibration receiving/transmitting assembly. The calibration coupling antenna array consists of twelve wide-beam coupling antennas which are uniformly distributed around a circular ring coaxial with the phased array, and each wide-beam coupling antenna is responsible for calibrating a transceiving channel in a 30-degree sector of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased array; the switch power dividing network consists of a 1-to-12 radio frequency power divider and 12 single-pole double-throw radio frequency switches, wherein one port of two gating ports of each single-pole double-throw switch is connected with a wide beam coupling antenna port, and the other port of the two gating ports of each single-pole double-throw switch is connected with a 50-ohm absorption resistor; the calibration receiving/transmitting component is a component with a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, and the switch is turned off to select the receiving and transmitting states. When the transmitting state of a certain transmitting and receiving channel of the cylindrical active phased array is calibrated, the wide beam coupling antenna receives a radio frequency signal transmitted by the certain transmitting and receiving channel in a sector corresponding to 30 degrees, and at the moment, a single-pole double-throw switch connected with the wide beam coupling antenna is opened and is transmitted to a receiving channel of the calibration transmitting and receiving component to be processed to obtain the amplitude and the phase of the transmitting state of the transmitting and receiving channel; when a receiving state of a certain receiving and transmitting channel of the calibration cylindrical active phased array is obtained, a transmitting channel of the calibration receiving/transmitting assembly transmits a radio frequency signal to the wide beam coupling antenna through the switch power dividing network, and a corresponding receiving and transmitting channel in the cylindrical active phased array receives the radio frequency signal and transmits the radio frequency signal to a receiver or a signal processor to obtain an amplitude value and a phase value. Adjusting diameter d of calibration coupling antenna array ringrHeight difference d from the lower edge of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased arrayhCan be adjustedThe fluctuation of the coupling coefficient between the wide beam coupling antenna and the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array transceiving channel meets the requirement of the dynamic range of the system.
Referring to fig. 1, the external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array of the invention comprises a calibration coupling antenna array 1, a switching power dividing network 2 and a calibration receiving/transmitting assembly 3. The calibration coupling antenna array is composed of twelve wide-beam coupling antennas 11 uniformly arranged on a ring coaxial with the phased array, and the diameter of the ring is about d than that of the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array RrThe wide-beam coupling antenna 11 generally adopts a symmetric dipole antenna, a microstrip patch antenna or an open waveguide antenna, and requires that the 3dB beam width is greater than 90 degrees, which is 3-5 times of the air wavelength; each wide beam coupling antenna 11 is responsible for calibrating a transceiving channel in a 30-degree sector of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased array;
the switch power dividing network 2 is composed of a 1-12 radio frequency power divider 21 and 12 single-pole double-throw radio frequency switches 22, two gating ports of each single-pole double-throw switch, a port 222 is connected with a port 11 of the wide beam coupling antenna, another port 223 is connected with a 50-ohm absorption resistor 224, and a typical reference index of the X-band switch power dividing network is given as follows:
power division network loss less than or equal to 15dB
Single pole single throw switch: the loss is less than or equal to 1dB, and the port isolation is more than or equal to 30 dB;
the calibration receiving/transmitting component 3 is a module which has a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, has a receiving and transmitting switching function, and can switch on and off the switch to select the receiving and transmitting states.
When the receiving amplitude and phase of a certain receiving and transmitting channel in the cylindrical active phased array are calibrated, the receiving and transmitting channel is in a receiving state, other channels are closed, the wide beam coupling antenna 11 responsible for the sector and the single-pole double-throw 22 switch port 222 connected with the wide beam coupling antenna are gated, other switches are connected with a 50-ohm load 224, the calibration receiving/transmitting component 3 is in a transmitting state, a transmitted radio frequency signal is fed into the wide beam coupling antenna 11 through the switch power distribution network 2 and radiated out, and the receiving and transmitting channel in the cylindrical active phased array receives the radio frequency signal and transmits the radio frequency signal to a receiver or a signal processor to obtain the phase and the amplitude; when the transmitting phase of a certain transmitting-receiving channel in the cylindrical active phased array is calibrated, the wide beam coupling antenna 11 responsible for the sector is gated with the single-pole double-throw 22 switch port 222 connected with the wide beam coupling antenna, the other switches are connected with a 50-ohm load 224, the calibration transmitting/receiving component 3 is in a receiving state, the transmitting-receiving channel to be calibrated in the phased array is in a transmitting state and transmits radio frequency signals, and the wide beam coupling antenna 11 in the sector transmits the received radio frequency signals to the calibration transmitting/receiving component 3 through the switch power distribution network 2 to obtain the phase and amplitude of the channel; and then, opening other transceiving channels in sequence according to steps and completing calibration.
Adjusting and calibrating diameter difference d between circular ring and cylindrical two-dimensional phased array of coupling antenna array 1rHeight difference d from the lower edge of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased arrayhThe fluctuation of the coupling coefficient between the wide beam coupling antenna 11 and the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array transceiving channel can be adjusted to meet the dynamic range requirement of the system. The general receiver requires the coupling coefficient of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased array transceiving channel and the wide beam coupling antenna of the corresponding sector to be between-20 dB and-50 dB.
In the example, an X-band cylindrical active phased array with 192 transceiving channels in total of 8 (pitch) × 24 (circular ring) is calibrated, symmetric array sub-antenna elements are used as calibration coupling antennas 11, 16 transceiving channels are in total in each 30-degree sector, each calibration coupling antenna 11 is responsible for amplitude and phase calibration detection of 16 elements, and a calibration coupling antenna d is usedh＝3λ0，dr＝4λ0。
(λ0Representing the air wavelength). The calibration coupling antenna 11 is used for carrying out a coupling coefficient test on the receiving and transmitting channels of the X-band cylindrical active phased array, and the array is of an axisymmetric structure, so that the coupling coefficients of half of the receiving and transmitting channels are given below.
As shown in FIG. 3, the coupling coefficient of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased array transceiving channel and the wide beam coupling antenna 11 of the corresponding sector is within the amplitude fluctuation range of-25 dB to-45 dB, so that the calibration and detection requirements are met.
Claims (6)
1. External calibration network for cylindrical two-dimensional active phased arrayThe calibration antenna array is characterized by comprising a calibration coupling antenna array (1), a switch power distribution network (2) and a calibration receiving/transmitting assembly (3), wherein the calibration coupling antenna array (1) is composed of twelve wide beam coupling antennas (11) which are uniformly distributed around a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array in the circumferential direction; a main port (221) of the switch power distribution network (2) is connected with the calibration receiving/transmitting component (3), and 12 branch ports (222) are respectively connected with the wide beam coupling antenna (11); adjusting the diameter difference dr between a circular ring and a cylindrical two-dimensional phased array and the height difference d between the lower edge of the cylindrical two-dimensional phased array of the calibration coupling antenna array (1)hThe fluctuation of the coupling coefficient between the wide beam coupling antenna (11) and the cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array transceiving channel can be adjusted to meet the dynamic range requirement of the system.
2. An external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that each wide beam coupled antenna (11) in the array of calibration coupled antennas (1) is responsible for calibrating the phased array 30OA transceiver unit within a sector.
3. An external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching power dividing network (2) is composed of a 1-12-minute rf power divider (21) and 12 single-pole double-throw rf switches (22), and of the two gated ports of each single-pole double-throw rf switch (22), the port (222) is used as a branch port of the switching power dividing network (2), and the port (223) is connected to a 50-ohm absorption resistor (224).
4. An external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration transmit/receive module (3) is a module with a receive channel and a transmit channel.
5. An external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array as claimed in claim 1, wherein said d ish＝3λ0。
6. An external calibration network for a cylindrical two-dimensional active phased array as claimed in claim 1, wherein said d isr＝4λ0。
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| CN117117521A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-11-24 | 安徽大学 | Air traffic control secondary radar antenna |
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