CN112615157A - Ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying plane asymptotic conical feed arm - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying plane asymptotic conical feed arm Download PDFInfo
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- CN112615157A CN112615157A CN202011469695.XA CN202011469695A CN112615157A CN 112615157 A CN112615157 A CN 112615157A CN 202011469695 A CN202011469695 A CN 202011469695A CN 112615157 A CN112615157 A CN 112615157A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying a planar asymptotic conical feed arm, belonging to the field of electronic science and technical disciplines. The device comprises a metal floor, a half paraboloid, a closed inverted M-shaped bracket, a printed board structure feed arm, a feed arm tail end bracket and a radio frequency cable socket metal floor; the half paraboloid is positioned on the metal floor; the closed inverted M-shaped bracket is positioned on the metal floor; the printed board structure feed arm is positioned in a V-shaped groove of the closed inverted M-shaped bracket; the feed arm tail end support is positioned between the tail end of the printed board structure feed arm and the edge of the half paraboloid, and the tail end of the printed board structure feed arm is fixed on the half paraboloid; the radio frequency cable socket is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor. The antenna designed by the invention can realize 40 frequency multiplication impedance bandwidths without impedance transformation balun, has a simple feed structure and stable performance, and meets the requirements of the ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna on the impedance bandwidth and the radiation performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic science and technical science, and particularly provides an ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying a planar asymptotic conical feed arm. The method can be used for vehicle-mounted and ship-based mobile platforms and the like.
Background
The traditional reflector antenna converts the TEM spherical wave emitted by the feed source into a plane wave, so that the traditional reflector antenna has higher gain in a far region. The ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna is different from the traditional reflector antenna in the working principle that: for the high-frequency component of the pulse signal, obtaining high-gain radiation by using a large-caliber reflecting surface; for the low-frequency component of the pulse signal, a magnetic dipole loop formed by the feed arm and the paraboloid and an electric dipole formed by the feed arm form a combined oscillator, and when the combined oscillator reaches a certain condition, a heart-shaped radiation directional diagram is presented, the forward radiation of the paraboloid is increased, and the backward radiation is restrained. The antenna is composed of two parts: a reflecting surface and a feed source. The feed source can be generally divided into three parts: the feed arm, the feed balun and the feed arm are loaded.
When a traditional TEM horn and a biconical structure are used as feed sources, the shielding effect can cause the reduction of the antenna gain, so the feed sources of the reflection surface ultra-wideband pulse antenna adopt a coplanar feed arm form at present, and common TEM feed arms comprise a triangular feed arm, a tapered feed arm, an index feed arm, a composite feed arm and the like. However, these shapes are improved over the conventional TEM coplanar feed arms, and the characteristic impedance is very large, about 400 ohms, and 200 ohms of input impedance can be obtained by connecting two pairs of feed arms in parallel. The impedance of the pulse source is usually 50 ohms, so an impedance transformation balun structure needs to be added between the ultra-wideband pulse antenna and the pulse source. The existing impedance transformation balun is often complex in structure, high in precision requirement, and limited in bandwidth by factors such as size and power capacity. Generally, a resistor equal to the low-frequency impedance of the feed arm is loaded at the tail end of the feed arm, and the reflection at the tail end is reduced to obtain good matching characteristics at low frequency, but the low-frequency efficiency is also reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention provides a novel plane asymptotic conical feed arm form, which has the characteristic impedance of about 100 ohms and is half of that of a traditional feed arm, and further improves the impedance of the traditional reflection surface ultra-wideband pulse antenna into a semi-parabolic ultra-wideband pulse antenna by utilizing a mirror image principle in order to be directly matched with a 50-ohm pulse source, so that the design omits the traditional ultra-wideband impedance conversion balun structure, and greatly reduces the design complexity and the manufacturing difficulty of the antenna.
Technical scheme
An ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying a planar asymptotic conical feed arm is characterized by comprising a metal floor, a half paraboloid, a closed inverted M-shaped bracket, a feed arm with a printed board structure, a feed arm tail end bracket and a radio frequency cable socket metal floor; the half paraboloid is positioned on the metal floor; the closed inverted M-shaped bracket is positioned on the metal floor; the printed board structure feed arm is positioned in a V-shaped groove of the closed inverted M-shaped bracket; the feed arm tail end support is positioned between the tail end of the printed board structure feed arm and the edge of the half paraboloid, and the tail end of the printed board structure feed arm is fixed on the half paraboloid; the radio frequency cable socket is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor and is connected with the feed arm of the printed board structure; the inner wall of the starting end of the feed arm of the printed board structure is provided with a V-shaped metal connecting piece which is connected with the two feed arms, and the outer wall of the feed arm is tightly attached to the back of the closed inverted M-shaped bracket and is connected and fixed by a metal screw; the surfaces of the inner wall and the outer wall of the feed arm of the printed board structure are covered with metal layers with the same shape: the plane gradually approaches to the conical profile, and the two metal coatings are connected by a metallized through hole; wherein, the tail end of the inner wall metal coating extends out of a section of metal thin strip to be connected with a tail end load resistor; the starting end of the feed arm of the printed board structure is positioned at the focus of the half paraboloid, the tail end of the feed arm is positioned at the edge of the half paraboloid, and the open included angle range of the two feed arms is 60-90 degrees.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the metal floor is square, and the length and the width of the metal floor are equal to the caliber of the half paraboloid.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: and two square metal heat dissipation plates are arranged at the joint of the edge of the semi-paraboloid and the feed arm of the printed board structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the closed inverted-M bracket is positioned at the focus of the half paraboloid.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the feed arm tail end support comprises a T-shaped support and an L-shaped support; the top of the T-shaped support is tightly attached to the edge of the inner wall of the semi-paraboloid, the bottom of the T-shaped support is tightly attached to the outer wall of the tail end of the feed arm of the printed board structure, the metal coating of the outer wall is avoided, and the T-shaped support is fixedly connected through metal screws; one arm of the L-shaped bracket is tightly attached to the outer wall of the tail end of the feed arm of the printed board structure, the feed arm is kept away from a metal coating and is fixedly connected through a metal screw, and the other arm of the L-shaped bracket is tightly attached to a square metal heat dissipation plate at the edge of the semi-paraboloid and is fixedly connected through a metal screw.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the radio frequency cable socket is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor and located at the focus of the half paraboloid, the outer conductor flange of the radio frequency cable socket is connected with the metal floor, and the core wire penetrates through the metal floor and the bottom of the closed inverted M-shaped support to be connected with the bottom of the V-shaped metal connecting piece.
The technical scheme of the invention is further that: the semi-paraboloid 2 is made of metal, and the focal diameter ratio is 0.3-0.5.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the traditional antenna, the ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying the planar asymptotic conical feed arm has the advantages that the impedance is half smaller under the condition of the same volume, the input impedance of the antenna designed by using the mirror image principle is 50 ohms, and 40 frequency multiplication bandwidths can be realized without impedance conversion balun. In addition, a proper loading resistance value and a relative position of the feed arm are obtained through optimization, so that the aperture efficiency in the whole frequency band is stable and cannot be deteriorated along with the change of frequency. The invention provides a better choice for the design of the ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna, in particular for the feed arm shaping.
The plane asymptotic conical feed arm has the advantage of low impedance, the paraboloid is changed into a half paraboloid, and a proper metal floor is added, so that a half paraboloid type pulse radiation antenna can be formed. The ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna is simple in design structure, light in weight and easy to realize, and meets the requirement of the ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna on impedance bandwidth.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an assembly view of the overall structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention: (a) floor and half-paraboloid front side, (b) floor and half-paraboloid back side.
FIG. 2 is a feed structure diagram of an embodiment of the present technology;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the inner and outer metal cladding profiles (left inner and right outer) of the feed arm of the antenna in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural diagram of an end bracket of an antenna feed arm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of impedance versus frequency for an antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of voltage standing wave ratio versus frequency for an antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present technology;
FIG. 7 is a gain pattern of each frequency point of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of aperture efficiency versus frequency for an antenna in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The antenna comprises a 1-metal floor, a 2-half paraboloid, a 3-closed inverted M-shaped bracket, a 4-printed board structure feed arm, a 5-feed arm tail end bracket, a 6-radio frequency cable socket, a 201-half paraboloid, a 202-metal heat dissipation plate, a 301-inverted M-shaped bracket, a 302-first metal screw, a 303-second metal screw, a 401-dielectric substrate, a 402-V-shaped metal connecting piece, a 403-plane asymptotic conical metal coating, a 404-metal thin strip, a 405-load resistor, a 406-third metal screw, a 407-metalized through hole, a 501-T-shaped bracket and a 502-L-shaped bracket.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the invention comprises the following steps: the device comprises a metal floor 1, a half paraboloid 2, a closed inverted M-shaped bracket 3, a printed board structure feed arm 4, a feed arm tail end bracket 5 and a radio frequency cable socket 6.
In the solution, the metal floor 1 is made of metal (e.g. aluminum), and preferably has a square shape, the length and width of the metal floor are equivalent to the caliber of a half paraboloid, and the thickness of the metal floor can be selected according to actual conditions.
In the scheme, the semi-paraboloid 2 is made of metal (such as aluminum), the focal diameter ratio is 0.3-0.5, and the thickness can be selected according to actual conditions.
In the scheme, the closed inverted M-shaped bracket 3 is made of a dielectric block and plays a role in supporting the feed arm 4 of the printed board structure, the dielectric constant of the closed inverted M-shaped bracket is generally 2-3, and the wall thickness and the bottom surface thickness are not more than 0.04 times of the wavelength corresponding to the highest working frequency. The structure is not limited to this, but may be a ring-shaped support frame.
In the scheme, the printed board structure feed arm 4 includes a V-shaped metal connector 402, a planar asymptotic conical metal coating 403 and a load resistor 405. The V-shaped metal connector 402 on the inner wall of the starting end is made of metal (e.g., copper) and has two functions, the first function is to electrically connect and structurally fix the two printed board structure feed arms 4, and the second function is to connect with the feed probe for exciting electromagnetic waves.
In the scheme, the inner wall and the outer wall of the feed arm 4 of the printed board structure are coated with metal layers with plane asymptotic conical outlines, and the dielectric constant and the shape of the printed board can be selected according to the requirement of installation strength. The metal coating is an actual equivalent feed arm, the length of the feed arm can be selected according to the distance from a focus to the edge of a paraboloid, and the included angle between the two feed arms can be selected according to the requirements of a voltage standing wave ratio and gain, and is generally 60-90 degrees.
In the scheme, the metal coatings on the inner wall and the outer wall of the feed arm 4 with the printed board structure are connected by the metalized via hole 407, the diameter of the metal coatings is far smaller than the highest working wavelength, and the number of the metal coatings is more than 10.
In the scheme, the size of the load resistor 405 at the tail end of the feed arm 4 of the printed board structure can be selected according to the requirements of the standing wave ratio and the gain of the voltage of the low-frequency band of the antenna, and the specification and the form of the resistor can be selected according to the practical application and the installation requirements.
In the scheme, the feed arm tail end bracket 5 is used for connecting the tail end of the feed arm 4 of the printed board structure and the edge of the half paraboloid 2 to play a role in fixing.
In the scheme, the radio frequency cable socket 6 connects the metal floor 1 and the bottom center of the V-shaped metal connecting piece 402, and plays a role in feeding.
As shown in fig. 1, the ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna without an impedance transformation balun provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes 6 parts: the device comprises a metal floor 1, a half paraboloid 2, a closed inverted M-shaped support 3, a printed board structure feed arm 4, a feed arm tail end support 5 and a radio frequency cable socket 6;
the metal floor 1 is made of an aluminum metal plate, and the length and the width of the metal floor are one third of the wavelength of the low-frequency working frequency;
the semi-paraboloid 201 is made of a metal aluminum plate, the caliber is one third wavelength of the low-frequency working frequency, and the focal diameter ratio is 0.37;
the metal heat dissipation plate 202 at the edge of the semi-paraboloid is a square metal aluminum plate with the thickness of 5cm by 5 cm;
as shown in fig. 2-3, the closed inverted M-shaped bracket 301 is formed by processing a dielectric block with a dielectric constant of 2.5, the bottom of the closed inverted M-shaped bracket is fixed to a metal floor by a plurality of first metal screws 302, and the back of the closed inverted M-shaped bracket is fixed to the printed board structure feed arm 4 by a plurality of second metal screws 303;
the printed board structure feed arm dielectric substrate 401 is made of a dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 4.6, the V-shaped metal connecting piece 402 at the starting end is made of metal copper, the shape of the V-shaped metal connecting piece is the same as that of the conical metal coating 403 on the planes on the two sides, the V-shaped metal connecting piece 402 is tightly attached to the inner wall, and the metal screw 406 is connected with the V-shaped metal connecting piece 402, the printed board structure 401 and the inverted M-shaped support 301; a section of metal thin strip 404 extends from the inner wall of the metal coating 403 with the plane asymptotic conical profile and is connected with a load resistor 405 at the tail end of the feed arm; the metal cladding 403 is connected with a row of metalized vias 407; the load resistor 405 is a 150 ohm radio frequency resistor;
as shown in fig. 4, the feed arm end support 501 is made of a T-shaped dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 4.6, the bottom of the support clings to the inner wall of the edge of the paraboloid 201, and the top of the support clings to the outer wall of the feed arm dielectric substrate 401 of the printed board structure;
the feed arm end bracket 502 is made of an L-shaped dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 4.6, wherein one arm is tightly attached to the parabolic edge metal heat dissipation plate 202, and the other arm is tightly attached to the outer wall of the feed arm dielectric substrate 401 of the printed board structure;
the radio frequency cable socket 6 is arranged below the metal floor, the core wire is connected with the bottom of the V-shaped metal connecting piece 402 at the starting end of the feed arm of the printed board structure in a welding mode, and the flange is connected with the lower surface of the metal floor 1 in a welding mode.
The effects of the embodiments of the present invention are further explained by electromagnetic simulation software.
FIG. 5 is a curve of the impedance of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention varying with frequency, and it can be seen that the real part of the low-frequency input impedance of the antenna fluctuates between 50 and 100 ohms, the high frequency is stabilized near 50 ohms, and the imaginary part of the impedance is between-25 and 10 ohms; FIG. 6 is a graph of the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna of the embodiment of the present invention varying with frequency, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is less than 2 between 0.1GHz and 4GHz, so that it can be seen that 40 frequency-doubled impedance bandwidths can be realized without any impedance transformation balun;
fig. 7 is a gain directional diagram of each frequency point of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that the beam is shifted upward in the pitching plane, which is caused by the limited metal floor. The axial gain is therefore lower than the maximum gain, the offset angle decreasing with increasing frequency; fig. 8 is a curve of the change of the aperture efficiency of the antenna calculated according to the axial gain along with the frequency in the embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that the aperture efficiency of the antenna is higher than 26.8% in the whole frequency band, and is not deteriorated along with the change of the frequency, so that stable radiation is realized.
The invention is not the best known technology.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying a planar asymptotic conical feed arm is characterized by comprising a metal floor (1), a half paraboloid (2), a closed inverted M-shaped support (3), a printed board structured feed arm (4), a feed arm tail end support (5) and a radio frequency cable socket metal floor (6); the semi-paraboloid (2) is positioned on the metal floor (1); the closed inverted M-shaped bracket (3) is positioned on the metal floor (1); the printed board structure feed arm (4) is positioned in a V-shaped groove of the closed inverted M-shaped support (3); the feed arm tail end support (5) is positioned between the tail end (4) of the printed board structure feed arm and the edge of the half paraboloid (2), and the tail end (4) of the printed board structure feed arm is fixed on the half paraboloid (2); the radio frequency cable socket (6) is arranged on the lower surface of the metal floor (1) and is connected with the printed board structure feed arm (4); the inner wall of the starting end of the feed arm (4) of the printed board structure is provided with a V-shaped metal connecting piece (402) which is connected with the two feed arms, and the outer wall of the feed arm is tightly attached to the back of the closed inverted M-shaped bracket and is connected and fixed by a metal screw; the surfaces of the inner wall and the outer wall of the printed board structure feed arm (4) are covered with metal layers with the same shape: the plane gradually approaches to the conical profile, and the two metal coatings are connected by a metallized through hole; wherein, the tail end of the inner wall metal cladding extends out of a section of metal thin strip (404) to be connected with a tail end load resistor (405); the starting end of the feed arm (4) of the printed board structure is positioned at the focus of the half paraboloid, the tail end of the feed arm is positioned at the edge of the half paraboloid, and the open included angle range of the two feed arms is 60-90 degrees.
2. The ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna using planar asymptotic conical feeder arm according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal floor (1) is square, and the length and width are equal to the aperture of a half paraboloid.
3. The ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna using the planar asymptotic conical feed arm as claimed in claim 1, wherein two square metal heat dissipation plates (202) are provided at the connection of the edge of the half paraboloid (2) and the feed arm (4) of the printed board structure.
4. An ultra-wideband pulse radiating antenna using a planar asymptotic conical feeder arm according to claim 1, characterized in that the closed inverted-M bracket (3) is located at the focus of the half paraboloid.
5. An ultra-wideband pulse radiation antenna applying a planar asymptotic conical feed arm according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed arm end support (5) comprises a T-shaped support (501) and an L-shaped support (502); the top of the T-shaped support (501) is tightly attached to the edge of the inner wall of the semi-paraboloid, the bottom of the T-shaped support is tightly attached to the outer wall of the tail end of the feed arm (4) of the printed board structure, the metal coating of the outer wall is avoided, and the T-shaped support is fixedly connected through metal screws; one arm of the L-shaped bracket (502) is tightly attached to the outer wall of the tail end of the feed arm (4) of the printed board structure, the feed arm is kept away from a metal coating and is fixedly connected through a metal screw, and the other arm of the L-shaped bracket is tightly attached to the square metal heat dissipation plate (202) at the edge of the semi-paraboloid (2) and is fixedly connected through a metal screw.
6. The UWB pulse radiation antenna using the planar asymptotic conical feed arm according to claim 1, wherein the RF cable socket (6) is placed on the lower surface of the metal floor (1) at the focus of the semi-paraboloid (2), and the outer conductor flange of the RF cable socket (6) is connected with the metal floor (1), and the core wire passes through the metal floor (1) and the closed inverted M-shaped bracket bottom (3) to be connected with the V-shaped metal connector (402).
7. The UWB pulse radiation antenna of claim 1 wherein the semi-paraboloid 2 is made of metal and the ratio of the focal length is between 0.3 and 0.5.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113328241A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 东南大学 | Low-profile broadband wide-angle scanning tightly-coupled antenna unit and array |
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| 孙博: "基于指数渐变馈电结构的超宽带抛物面天线设计", 《系统工程与电子技术》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113328241A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-31 | 东南大学 | Low-profile broadband wide-angle scanning tightly-coupled antenna unit and array |
| CN113328241B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2024-04-30 | 东南大学 | Low profile wide bandwidth angle scanning close-coupled antenna unit and array |
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