CN112614997B - Preparation method of carbon fluoride anode material based on hydrogen bond organic framework material - Google Patents

Preparation method of carbon fluoride anode material based on hydrogen bond organic framework material Download PDF

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CN112614997B
CN112614997B CN202011511193.9A CN202011511193A CN112614997B CN 112614997 B CN112614997 B CN 112614997B CN 202011511193 A CN202011511193 A CN 202011511193A CN 112614997 B CN112614997 B CN 112614997B
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organic framework
hydrogen bond
carbon
carbon fluoride
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CN112614997A (en
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候小鹏
李秀涛
曾浩
杜邵文
李娜
朱怡雯
傅小珂
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Civil Aviation University of China
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/5835Comprising fluorine or fluoride salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/10Carbon fluorides, e.g. [CF]nor [C2F]n
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon fluoride anode material based on a hydrogen bond organic framework material. The porous carbon material containing the heteroatom is obtained by taking a porous material-hydrogen bond organic framework material as a raw material and carbonizing at high temperature, and the carbon fluoride anode material containing the heteroatom is obtained by fluorinating the porous carbon material under the heating condition by taking a mixed gas consisting of fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and argon as a fluorinated gas; because the porous carbon material contains a large amount of heteroatoms, and the heteroatoms can enable the generation of C-F bonds to be easier through the electron induction effect, the fluorination reaction temperature can be reduced, and the generated C-F bonds are mostly semi-ionic bonds, so that the discharge voltage platform of the carbon fluoride anode material can be improved; in addition, the method of the present invention uses a mixed gas of fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and argon gas as the fluorination gas, and the fluorination reaction temperature can be lowered to some extent due to the strong polarization effect of hydrogen fluoride.

Description

Preparation method of carbon fluoride anode material based on hydrogen bond organic framework material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of carbon material synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a carbon fluoride anode material based on a hydrogen bond organic framework material.
Background
Lithium/fluorocarbon batteries have the highest theoretical energy density among the existing primary batteries, and thus have been widely used in the fields of aerospace, military industry, medical treatment, and the like. At present, carbon fluoride materials have been reported mainly as: the battery using the fluorinated graphene and the fluorinated carbon nanotube as the anode material has more researches, and the material has larger specific capacity, but has the defect of lower discharge voltage platform, thereby influencing the specific energy of the whole fluorinated carbon battery. Meanwhile, the carbon source of the carbon fluoride material is graphene and carbon nano tubes, so that the cost of raw materials is high; and the fluorination conditions are harsh (fluorination at a temperature of more than 500 ℃ in a fluorine gas atmosphere), so that the method is not favorable for industrial production.
Metal organic framework Materials (MOFs) have been used for preparing carbon fluoride positive electrode materials (for example, patent patents: CN201910398470.0, CN201910415544.7, CN201910398454.1 and CN201910415216.7), although the performance of the carbon fluoride battery can be improved to a certain extent, the materials contain a large amount of metal elements, so that the production cost and the post-treatment cost are high, the materials are difficult to prepare carbon materials containing non-metal heteroatoms (such as boron, nitrogen and the like) in situ, and the carbon materials containing the non-metal heteroatoms have been proved to have the advantages of low fluorination temperature and good performance of the carbon fluoride battery.
Recently, hydrogen bonding organic framework materials (HOFs) constructed by self-assembly of small organic molecular monomers through hydrogen bonding, pi-pi stacking and van der waals interactions have been reported, and have gradually become an important branch of porous organic materials as a novel crystalline porous material by virtue of properties such as large specific surface area, high porosity, low density, high adsorptivity and the like. The material is mainly composed of light elements (C, H, O, N, B and the like), so the material is expected to become an important raw material source of the carbon fluoride material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a carbon fluoride cathode material based on a hydrogen bond organic framework material.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a carbon fluoride cathode material based on a hydrogen bond organic framework material, comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) carrying out high-temperature carbonization on the hydrogen bond organic framework material in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a carbon fluoride precursor carbon source;
(2) and (2) placing the carbon fluoride precursor carbon source in a reaction kettle for drying, introducing a mixed gas consisting of fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and argon as a fluorinated gas for carrying out a fluorination reaction, and carrying out vacuum drying after the fluorination reaction is finished to obtain the carbon fluoride cathode material.
In the step (1), the hydrogen bond organic framework material is selected from at least one of 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine hydrogen bond organic framework materials HOF-1, HOF-2, HOF-3, HOF-4, HOF-5, HOF-6, carboxylic acid hydrogen bond organic framework materials HOF-TCPB, HOF-TCBP, HOF-11, HOF-14, HOF-100, amide hydrogen bond organic framework materials HOF-8 and TTBI.
In the step (1), the temperature rise rate of the high-temperature carbonization is 1-5 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 500-1200 ℃, and the carbonization time is 1-6 hours.
In the step (2), the mixed gas consists of 10-50% by volume of fluorine gas, 10-30% by volume of hydrogen fluoride and 20-80% by volume of argon gas; the fluorination reaction temperature is 100-350 ℃, and the fluorination reaction time is 2-6 hours.
The main technical principle of the preparation method of the carbon fluoride anode material based on the hydrogen bond organic framework material provided by the invention is as follows: taking a porous material-hydrogen bond organic framework material as a raw material, carbonizing at high temperature to obtain a porous carbon material containing heteroatoms, adopting a mixed gas consisting of fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and argon as a fluorinated gas, and fluorinating the porous carbon material under a heating condition to obtain a carbon fluoride anode material containing the heteroatoms; because the porous carbon material contains a large amount of heteroatoms, and the heteroatoms can enable the generation of C-F bonds to be easier through the electron induction effect, the fluorination reaction temperature can be reduced, and the generated C-F bonds are mostly semi-ionic bonds, so that the discharge voltage platform of the carbon fluoride anode material can be improved; in addition, the method of the present invention uses a mixed gas of fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and argon gas as the fluorination gas, and the fluorination reaction temperature can be lowered to some extent due to the strong polarization effect of hydrogen fluoride.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the carbon fluoride anode material based on the hydrogen bond organic framework material has the following effects: (1) the raw material is of a porous structure, does not contain metal elements, is rich in non-metal heteroatoms, can effectively reduce the fluorination reaction temperature, and improves the discharge voltage and specific capacity of the carbon fluoride anode material; (2) the mixed gas of fluorine gas and hydrogen fluoride is used as the fluorinated gas, so that the fluorination efficiency can be further improved, and the fluorination temperature can be reduced; (3) the carbon fluoride material prepared by the invention has rich inner holes, high specific surface area and good battery performance, can be applied to the fields of lithium ion batteries and the like, and has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a monomer molecular structure of a representative hydrogen bonding organic framework material.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in the following description of the specific embodiments, which is not intended to limit the invention, but various modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art according to the basic idea of the invention, within the scope of the invention, as long as they do not depart from the basic idea of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the carbon fluoride cathode material based on the hydrogen bond organic framework material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps in sequence:
(1) carrying out high-temperature carbonization on 1.0g of 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine hydrogen bond organic framework material HOF-1 in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature rise speed of 5 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature of 900 ℃ for 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a carbon fluoride precursor carbon source;
(2) and (2) placing the carbon fluoride precursor carbon source in a reaction kettle, drying at the temperature of 150 ℃, introducing a mixed gas consisting of 30 volume percent of fluorine gas, 15 volume percent of hydrogen fluoride and 55 volume percent of argon as a fluorinated gas, heating to 220 ℃, carrying out fluorination reaction for 4 hours, continuously introducing argon to remove the unreacted fluorinated gas after the fluorination reaction is finished, and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the carbon fluoride cathode material.
FIG. 1 is a monomer molecular structure of a representative hydrogen bonding organic framework material. The specific surface area of the carbon fluoride cathode material provided by the embodiment is 973m measured by a BET method2(ii)/g; the fluorine-carbon ratio of the carbon fluoride anode material is 0.88 measured by an element analysis method; the test of an electrochemical test method shows that the carbon fluoride anode material has the discharge median voltage of 3.09V and the discharge specific capacity of 853mAh/g under the condition of 0.05C multiplying power.
Example 2
The preparation method of the carbon fluoride cathode material based on the hydrogen bond organic framework material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out:
(1) 1.0g of carboxylic acid hydrogen bond organic framework material HOF-TCPB is carbonized at high temperature in nitrogen atmosphere, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 900 ℃, the carbonization time is 4 hours, and then the carbon fluoride precursor carbon source is obtained after cooling to room temperature;
(2) and (2) placing the carbon fluoride precursor carbon source in a reaction kettle, drying at the temperature of 150 ℃, introducing a mixed gas consisting of 40 volume percent of fluorine gas, 15 volume percent of hydrogen fluoride and 45 volume percent of argon as a fluorinated gas, heating to 210 ℃, carrying out fluorination reaction for 4 hours, continuously introducing argon to remove unreacted fluorinated gas after the fluorination reaction is finished, and then carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the carbon fluoride cathode material.
The specific surface area of the carbon fluoride cathode material provided by the embodiment is 933m measured by a BET method2(iv) g; the fluorine-carbon ratio of the carbon fluoride anode material is 0.91 measured by an element analysis method; the test of an electrochemical test method shows that the carbon fluoride anode material has the discharge median voltage of 3.28V and the discharge specific capacity of 859mAh/g under the condition of 0.05C multiplying power.
Example 3
The preparation method of the carbon fluoride cathode material based on the hydrogen bond organic framework material provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps which are sequentially carried out:
(1) carrying out high-temperature carbonization on 1.0g of amide hydrogen bond organic framework material HOF-8 in a nitrogen atmosphere at the temperature rise speed of 5 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature of 900 ℃ for 4 hours, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a carbon source of a carbon fluoride precursor;
(2) and (2) placing the carbon fluoride precursor carbon source into a reaction kettle, drying at the temperature of 150 ℃, introducing a mixed gas consisting of 55% by volume of fluorine gas, 15% by volume of hydrogen fluoride and 30% by volume of argon gas as a fluorinated gas, heating to 200 ℃, carrying out fluorination reaction for 4 hours, continuously introducing argon gas after the fluorination reaction is finished to remove the unreacted fluorinated gas, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the carbon fluoride cathode material.
The specific surface area of the carbon fluoride cathode material provided by the embodiment is 878m measured by a BET method2(ii)/g; the fluorine-carbon ratio of the carbon fluoride anode material is 0.90 measured by an element analysis method; the test of an electrochemical test method shows that the carbon fluoride anode material has the discharge median voltage of 3.12V and the discharge specific capacity of 837mAh/g under the condition of 0.05C multiplying power.

Claims (4)

1. A preparation method of a carbon fluoride anode material based on a hydrogen bond organic framework material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps which are carried out in sequence:
(1) carrying out high-temperature carbonization on the hydrogen bond organic framework material in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then cooling to room temperature to obtain a carbon source of a carbon fluoride precursor;
(2) and (2) placing the carbon fluoride precursor carbon source in a reaction kettle for drying, introducing a mixed gas consisting of fluorine gas, hydrogen fluoride and argon as a fluorinated gas for carrying out a fluorination reaction, and carrying out vacuum drying after the fluorination reaction is finished to obtain the carbon fluoride cathode material.
2. The method for preparing a hydrogen bonding organic framework material based carbon fluoride anode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the hydrogen bond organic framework material is selected from at least one of 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine hydrogen bond organic framework materials HOF-1, HOF-2, HOF-3, HOF-4, HOF-5, HOF-6, carboxylic acid hydrogen bond organic framework materials HOF-TCPB, HOF-TCBP, HOF-11, HOF-14, HOF-100, amide hydrogen bond organic framework materials HOF-8 and TTBI.
3. The method for preparing a hydrogen bonding organic framework material based carbon fluoride anode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the temperature rise rate of the high-temperature carbonization is 1-5 ℃/min, the carbonization temperature is 500-1200 ℃, and the carbonization time is 1-6 hours.
4. The preparation method of the hydrogen bond organic framework material-based fluorinated carbon cathode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the mixed gas consists of 10-50% by volume of fluorine gas, 10-30% by volume of hydrogen fluoride and 20-80% by volume of argon gas; the fluorination reaction temperature is 100-350 ℃, and the fluorination reaction time is 2-6 hours.
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