CN112611754A - Method for evaluating appearance quality of fair-faced concrete - Google Patents
Method for evaluating appearance quality of fair-faced concrete Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method, which specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the image acquisition area of the bare concrete to be detected, and then respectively acquiring the images of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects of the bare concrete to be detected; processing the acquired color difference, bubble and defect images; measuring cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site; and comprehensively scoring 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash removal concrete according to the comprehensive scoring. The evaluation method system quantitatively evaluates the appearance quality of the fair-faced concrete, and avoids the one-sidedness of the concrete appearance quality evaluation in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete quality evaluation, in particular to an exposed concrete appearance quality evaluation method.
Background
With the development of society, the fair-faced concrete is more and more concerned and becomes a new bright spot of house construction, municipal engineering and bridge engineering. As the natural color of cast-in-place concrete is directly adopted as the concrete engineering of the facing, the fair-faced concrete meets the mechanical property and durability of the concrete and simultaneously ensures the appearance effect. In the existing specification, the technical code for fair-faced concrete application (JGJ 169-. The main characteristic indexes of the appearance quality of the fair-faced concrete lack the unified standard of quantitative evaluation, so that the construction units have great difference in cognition of the definition and the quality standard, the engineering quality is uneven, and the popularization and the application of the fair-faced concrete are limited. Therefore, in order to promote the wide application of the fair-faced concrete in engineering, the research on the quantitative evaluation method of the appearance quality of the fair-faced concrete has very strong practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method, which systematically and quantitatively evaluates the appearance quality of fair-faced concrete and avoids the one-sidedness and inaccuracy of concrete appearance quality evaluation in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses an fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and 4, comprehensively scoring 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash removal concrete according to the comprehensive scoring.
Further, the step 1 of determining the image acquisition area of the detected concrete specifically comprises: and measuring the total area of the detected concrete, and calculating the image acquisition area according to the area percentage, wherein the image acquisition area is more than or equal to 50 percent of the total area of the detected concrete.
Further, in the step 1, the color difference and bubble image of the bare concrete to be detected are collected by adopting an even distribution method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1, manufacturing a bare concrete image gray calibration plate by using a background plate with a single gray value, and dividing the bare concrete image gray calibration plate into a plurality of image acquisition areas with fixed sizes by using a cutting tool on the background plate so as to ensure the size, shape consistency and distribution uniformity of the image acquisition areas;
1.2, before use, fixing the bare concrete image gray calibration plate on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected by using a nano double faced adhesive tape to ensure that the bare concrete image gray calibration plate is well contacted with the surface to be detected;
1.3, fixing a camera at a position 2m away from the fair-faced concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance plate under natural light;
and 1.4, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and acquiring the detected concrete image under natural light.
Further, the defect of the bare concrete to be detected in the step 1 adopts a targeted fixed-point acquisition method to acquire images, and specifically comprises the following steps: a staff gauge is pasted on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, a camera is fixed at a position 2 meters away from the bare concrete by a tripod, the angle between the camera and the detected surface is kept at 60-90 degrees, and the defective part of the bare concrete is sampled at a fixed point in all ranges of the bare concrete to be detected under natural light.
Further, the color difference image processing in step 2 specifically includes:
(1) carrying out binarization processing on the color difference image to respectively obtain average gray values of gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas;
(2) background elimination processing is carried out on the color difference image, and the average gray scale of the calibration board is measured, so that the difference value is smaller than 1;
(3) and (4) counting the average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area, and analyzing the maximum and minimum values and the average standard deviation of the gray value and the standard deviation.
Further, the processing of the bubble image in step 2 specifically includes:
(1) carrying out binarization, background correction and size calibration on the bubble image of the bare concrete to be detected;
(2) setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) and calculating the total area of the bubbles in different image acquisition areas, obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in a sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles on a unit area, and judging the bubble dispersity through the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubble.
Further, the processing of the defect image in step 2 specifically includes:
(1) carrying out size calibration and manual selection on a defect image of the bare concrete to be detected;
(2) and calculating the area of the defect area and the percentage of the area of the defect area in the total area of the detected concrete.
Further, in the step 3, the measurement of the bare concrete cracks is carried out according to a fixed-point acquisition method, all cracks of the bare concrete in the detected area are detected, and the width and the depth of the cracks are measured by using a crack comprehensive tester; the bare concrete open joint, the cicada joint and the surface flatness are measured by an even distribution method according to the proportion of not less than 30 percent, and the flatness of the surface of the detected concrete and the dislocation of the zen joint are tested by a bare concrete flatness tester.
Further, step 4 specifically includes:
(1) defining chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness as first-level indexes, and defining different influencing factors contained in the first-level indexes as second-level indexes to obtain a hierarchical division diagram for evaluating the appearance quality target of the fair-faced concrete;
(2) constructing a judgment matrix, and performing hierarchical decomposition
Respectively establishing a judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum characteristic value method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix;
(3) calculating the score of the first-level index and the comprehensive index with the second-level index
The calculation formula of the first-level index score is as follows:
in the formula: i is the ith primary index;
j is the jth secondary index;
ωijthe weight of the jth secondary index of the ith primary index is the weight of the jth secondary index;
Bijthe score of the jth secondary index of the ith primary index;
Biis the score of the ith primary index.
The comprehensive score value is calculated according to the formula:
in the formula: omegaiThe weight value of the ith primary index;
c is the target total score value.
And finally, determining the appearance quality grade of the fair-faced concrete according to the calculated comprehensive score.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1. the invention establishes the fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method by comprehensively considering key factors of the fair-faced concrete appearance quality such as chromatic aberration, bubbles, cracks, defects and the like through field measurement, image acquisition, image processing and comprehensive evaluation.
2. The invention realizes the quantitative evaluation of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects, and eliminates the subjectivity of artificial influence factors to the evaluation in the qualitative evaluation process.
3. The invention comprises the bare concrete image gray scale calibration board, corrects the chromatic aberration of the detected concrete image, avoids the error caused by uneven external illumination in the image acquisition process, and is simple and convenient to use.
4. The invention comprises the bare concrete flatness tester, replaces the detection method which utilizes the running rule and the feeler gauge in the existing detection method, can greatly increase the sampling point frequency, reduces the complexity of the operation process, and has quick, simple and convenient detection process.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of targeted spot sampling of defects in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a color difference analysis chart of five color difference images collected in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an image after background correction of the bubble image in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a binarized bubble identification diagram in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a defect collecting image I of the inspected area in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a defect collection image II of the examined area in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an image processing diagram of a defect collecting image I of a detected area in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an image processing diagram of a defect collection image II of a detected region in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a view showing the flatness measuring instrument of example 1 of the present invention for measuring the height difference of meditation dislocation, wherein A is before meditation and B is after meditation;
FIG. 11 is a distance fluctuation diagram of different measuring points in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a hierarchical view showing the objective evaluation of the appearance quality of the fair water concrete in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the implementation process of the present invention for solving the technical problems and achieving the technical effects by applying technical means can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention discloses an fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the image acquisition area of the detected concrete, specifically: measuring the total area of the detected concrete, and calculating the image acquisition area according to the area percentage, wherein the image acquisition area is more than or equal to 50% of the total area of the detected concrete;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) acquiring a chromatic aberration and a bubble image of the bare concrete to be detected by adopting an even distribution method:
1.1, manufacturing a bare concrete image gray calibration plate by using a background plate with a single gray value, and dividing the bare concrete image gray calibration plate into a plurality of image acquisition areas with fixed sizes by using a cutting tool on the background plate so as to ensure the size, shape consistency and distribution uniformity of the image acquisition areas;
1.2, before use, fixing the bare concrete image gray calibration plate on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected by using a nano double faced adhesive tape to ensure that the bare concrete image gray calibration plate is well contacted with the surface to be detected;
1.3, fixing a camera at a position 2m away from the fair-faced concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance plate under natural light;
and 1.4, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and acquiring the detected concrete image under natural light.
The defects of the detected bare concrete are subjected to image acquisition by adopting a targeted fixed-point acquisition method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: and adhering a scale on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface to be 60-90 degrees, and sampling the defect part of the bare concrete at a fixed point in all ranges of the bare concrete to be detected under natural light.
The color difference image processing specifically comprises:
(1) carrying out binarization processing on the color difference image to respectively obtain average gray values of gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas;
(2) background elimination processing is carried out on the color difference image, and the average gray scale of the calibration board is measured, so that the difference value is smaller than 1;
(3) and (4) counting the average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area, and analyzing the maximum and minimum values and the average standard deviation of the gray value and the standard deviation.
The processing of the bubble image is specifically as follows:
(1) carrying out binarization, background correction and size calibration on the bubble image of the bare concrete to be detected;
(2) setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) and calculating the total area of the bubbles in different image acquisition areas, obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in a sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles on a unit area, and judging the bubble dispersity through the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubble.
The defect image processing specifically comprises: (defects include honeycombs, pitted surface, holes, abrasive belts, cold joints)
(1) Carrying out size calibration and manual selection on a defect image of the bare concrete to be detected;
(2) and calculating the area of the defect area and the percentage of the area of the defect area in the total area of the detected concrete.
And 3, measuring cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site.
Measuring the bare concrete cracks according to a fixed-point acquisition method, detecting all cracks of bare concrete in a detected area, and measuring the width and the depth of the cracks by using a crack comprehensive tester; the bare concrete open joint, the cicada joint and the surface flatness are measured by an even distribution method according to the proportion of not less than 30 percent, and the flatness of the surface of the detected concrete and the dislocation of the zen joint are tested by a bare concrete flatness tester.
The bare concrete flatness tester is composed of a laser displacement sensor and a precise track. The distance from the sensor to the concrete surface is measured by moving the laser displacement sensor fixed on the precise track.
The track is tightly attached to the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, the laser displacement sensor is moved from one end of the track to the other end of the track, and the distances between the laser displacement sensor and the surface of the bare concrete at different positions are recorded. And taking the average distance between the two ends of the track and the surface of the fair-faced concrete as a zero point, counting the distances of different measuring points, and calculating the flatness of the fair-faced concrete.
And 4, comprehensively scoring 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash removal concrete according to the comprehensive scoring.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) defining chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness as first-level indexes, and defining different influencing factors contained in the first-level indexes as second-level indexes to obtain a hierarchical division diagram for evaluating the appearance quality target of the fair-faced concrete;
(2) constructing a judgment matrix, and performing hierarchical decomposition
Respectively establishing a judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum characteristic value method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix;
(3) calculating the scores of the primary indexes with the secondary indexes and the comprehensive indexes;
the calculation formula of the first-level index score is as follows:
in the formula: i is the ith primary index;
j is the jth secondary index;
ωijthe weight of the jth secondary index of the ith primary index is the weight of the jth secondary index;
Bijthe score of the jth secondary index of the ith primary index;
Biis the score of the ith primary index.
The comprehensive score value is calculated according to the formula:
in the formula: omegaiThe weight value of the ith primary index;
c is the target total score value.
And finally, determining the appearance quality grade of the fair-faced concrete according to the calculated comprehensive score.
The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the fair-faced concrete has the following advantages:
1. the invention establishes the fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method by comprehensively considering key factors of the fair-faced concrete appearance quality such as chromatic aberration, bubbles, cracks, defects and the like through field measurement, image acquisition, image processing and comprehensive evaluation.
2. The invention realizes the quantitative evaluation of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects, and eliminates the subjectivity of artificial influence factors to the evaluation in the qualitative evaluation process.
3. The invention comprises the bare concrete image gray scale calibration board, corrects the chromatic aberration of the detected concrete image, avoids the error caused by uneven external illumination in the image acquisition process, and is simple and convenient to use.
4. The invention comprises the bare concrete flatness tester, replaces the detection method which utilizes the running rule and the feeler gauge in the existing detection method, can greatly increase the sampling point frequency, reduces the complexity of the operation process, and has quick, simple and convenient detection process.
Example 1
The clear water concrete appearance quality evaluation method mainly comprises the following operations:
the tools used for image acquisition include: white balance board, clear water concrete image grey scale calibration board, scale, camera, tripod.
(1) Determination of the total area of the concrete to be examined by 8.10m2Wherein the color difference and air bubbles of the bare concrete are uniformly distributed, the total area of the bare concrete is not less than 50%, and the sampling area is 4.05m2(ii) a The defects of the detected concrete adopt a targeted fixed-point acquisition method to acquire images in the whole range of the detected concrete;
(2) the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is made of a background plate with a single gray scale value, the gray scale value of the background plate is 255, the size of the background plate is 90cm multiplied by 90cm, and the background plate is uniformly divided into 9 image acquisition areas with the size of 20cm multiplied by 20cm by a cutting tool, as shown in figure 1;
(3) before use, the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is fixed on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected by using the nanometer double faced adhesive tape, so that the bare concrete image gray scale calibration plate is ensured to be well contacted with the surface to be detected;
(4) fixing a camera at a position 2m away from the fair-faced concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance plate under natural light;
(5) keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and acquiring the chromatic aberration of the detected concrete and the image of the air bubbles under natural light;
(6) a ruler is pasted on the surface of the detected concrete, the angle between a camera and the detected surface is kept to be 60-90 degrees, and the defect part of the concrete is sampled at a fixed point in all ranges of the detected concrete under natural light, as shown in figure 2.
2.1 color difference processing
The gray level analysis is performed on the five collected images, and the analysis steps are as follows:
(1) and carrying out binarization processing on the acquired images to respectively obtain the average gray values of the gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas.
(2) And (4) eliminating the background of the image, and measuring the average gray scale of the calibration board to enable the difference value to be less than 1.
(3) And (4) counting the average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area, and analyzing the maximum and minimum and average standard deviation.
The results of the processing of the five collected images are shown in FIG. 3 below, and the processing data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 summary of image color difference analysis data
The maximum value of the standard deviation of the gray values in a single image acquisition area is 6.38, and the average standard deviation of the gray values in a sampling area is 3.46.
2.2 bubble treatment
(1) Carrying out binarization, background correction and size calibration on the bare concrete image to be detected, wherein the image background is corrected and then is shown in figure 4, and the air bubble identification image after binarization is shown in figure 5;
(2) setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) and calculating the total area of the bubbles in different image acquisition areas, obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in a sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles on a unit area, and judging the dispersibility of the bubbles according to the difference between the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubble.
The total area of the bubbles in the sampling area is 397.28mm2Accounting for 0.01 percent of the total area of the sampling area; the maximum radius of the bubbles is 3.46 mm.
2.3 Defect handling (Honeycomb, pitted surface, holes, abrasive band, cold joint)
(1) Adopting a targeted fixed-point acquisition method to acquire images, adhering a scale before acquiring the images, and identifying the size of a defect part; the defect acquisition images of the detected area are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7;
(2) because the gray level of the defect is often similar to that of other parts, the defect is difficult to be identified and extracted by using intelligence in software, manual framing in the software is needed, and area measurement is carried out after framing; the defect processing of fig. 6 and 7 is illustrated in fig. 8 and 9;
(3) using a ruler on the image, the area of the defect region was calculated to be 168.94m2The percentage of the area of the defect region to the total area of the concrete to be tested was 0.42%.
(1) the field test items comprise four contents of bare concrete cracks, open cracks, cicada cracks and surface flatness. The measurement of the bare concrete cracks is carried out according to a fixed-point acquisition method, and all the cracks of the bare concrete in a detected area are detected; the bare concrete open joint and the cicada joint are measured by an even distribution method to be not less than 30% of the total length of the bare concrete open joint and the cicada joint, the surface evenness is randomly checked according to 30%, a evenness tester is used for detecting the surface evenness on site, and then the data is processed and analyzed.
(2) No cracks were found in the examined area.
(3) The zen seams are splicing seams among the templates, the cicada seams are subjected to sampling inspection by adopting an even distribution method and measuring the height of the cicada seams to be not less than 30% of the total length of the cicada seams, a flatness tester is used for testing the height difference of staggered platforms of the cicada seams, a group of the cicada seams is taken as an example as a figure 10, and the distance difference before and after the cicada seams pass through the zen seams is the height difference of staggered platforms of the zen seams.
And (3) detecting the dislocation height difference of cicada stitches in the detected area on site by adopting an even distribution method according to 30% of the total length, wherein the dislocation height difference is smaller than 2mm through analysis of detection results.
(4) And testing the flatness of the surface of the detected concrete by using a bare concrete flatness tester.
The bare concrete flatness tester consists of a laser displacement sensor and a precise track, the net stroke of the slide block track is 1.5m, and the flatness of the track is +/-0.01 mm; the laser displacement sensor is of an analog quantity output type, the distance of a measuring center is 60mm, the measuring range is +/-35 mm, and the measuring precision is +/-0.01 mm. The laser displacement sensor is fixed above the sliding block of the precise track and can slide back and forth along with the sliding block in the length direction of the track.
The track is tightly attached to the surface of the detected concrete, the moving speed is 50mm/s from one end of the precise track as a starting point, the distance from the laser displacement sensor to the surface of the fair-faced concrete is recorded, the distances from different measuring points to an ideal plane where the laser displacement sensor is located are counted, and the flatness of the concrete is calculated.
The surface flatness was randomly spot checked at 30%, and the surface flatness was measured on site using a flatness tester of 1.5m, and the data was then processed and analyzed.
And (3) counting the distances of different measuring points, and calculating the surface flatness of the fair-faced concrete, taking one group of measuring results as an example, as shown in FIG. 11, wherein the maximum and minimum value deviation within 1.5m is 1.45mm, and the maximum and minimum value deviation of each group is less than 2.25mm in 30% of spot inspection.
And 4, comprehensively scoring 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash removal concrete according to the comprehensive scoring.
4.1 determining the overall target, performing hierarchical decomposition
The general objective of the system is the fair-faced concrete appearance quality, the evaluation indexes provided in the specification are direct influence factors and are specified as primary indexes, different influence factors contained in the primary indexes are secondary indexes, and a hierarchical division diagram of the fair-faced concrete appearance quality target evaluation is obtained, as shown in fig. 12.
(1) The color difference and the clear water concrete color difference evaluation grade are divided as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 clear water concrete color difference evaluation grade division
(2) The quantitative evaluation scale of the air bubbles and the fair-faced concrete air bubbles is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Fair-faced concrete bubble quantitative evaluation grading
(3) Defects, defect rankings are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Defect grade Classification Table
(4) The crack and crack evaluation scale is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 crack rating Scale
(5) The open seam evaluation ratings are shown in table 6.
Table 6 evaluation of the seams
(6) Zen suture, evaluation grade of Zen suture are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 7 Zen suture evaluation grade division
(7) The surface flatness, the evaluation rating scale of the surface flatness, is shown in table 8.
TABLE 8 evaluation of surface flatness rating
4.2 construct judgment matrix and calculate weight value of index
And respectively establishing a judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum characteristic value method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix. Table 9 is a bubble secondary index determination matrix, table 10 is a crack secondary index determination matrix, and table 11 is a primary index determination matrix.
TABLE 9 bubble secondary index decision matrix
TABLE 10 fracture two-stage index judgment matrix
TABLE 11 first-level index decision matrix
4.3 comprehensive evaluation
(1) Sampling or field testing is selected for the project detected area according to 7 indexes, image analysis and detection data analysis are carried out to obtain quantitative measured values of all factor layers, and the factor layers of the 7 indexes are scored according to the specification in 4.1.
(2) The first-order indicator bubble and fracture scores were calculated as follows:
first-order index bubble score value:
after 4.1 sections of analysis, each index in the examined area is analyzed and quantitatively scored, and the result is shown in table 13 below.
TABLE 13 quantified scores of the indices of the examined regions
(3) The calculation of the comprehensive score value was performed as follows
And grading the appearance quality of the fair-faced concrete according to the comprehensive score.
TABLE 14 comprehensive evaluation grade of appearance quality of clear concrete
And determining the appearance quality of the fair-faced concrete to be qualified in the comprehensive evaluation grade table 14 according to the calculated comprehensive score.
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for evaluating the appearance quality of the fair-faced concrete is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, firstly, determining an image acquisition area of the bare concrete to be detected, and then respectively acquiring images of chromatic aberration, bubbles and defects of the bare concrete to be detected;
step 2, processing the color difference, the bubbles and the defect images acquired in the step 1;
step 3, measuring cracks, open joints, buddhist joints and surface flatness of the bare concrete on site;
and 4, comprehensively scoring 7 indexes of chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness, and grading the appearance quality of the ash removal concrete according to the comprehensive scoring.
2. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the image acquisition area of the tested concrete is determined in step 1, and specifically comprises the following steps: and measuring the total area of the detected concrete, and calculating the image acquisition area according to the area percentage, wherein the image acquisition area is more than or equal to 50 percent of the total area of the detected concrete.
3. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the color difference and bubble image acquisition of the fair-faced concrete to be detected in the step 1 adopts a uniform distribution method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1.1, manufacturing a bare concrete image gray calibration plate by using a background plate with a single gray value, and dividing the bare concrete image gray calibration plate into a plurality of image acquisition areas with fixed sizes by using a cutting tool on the background plate so as to ensure the size, shape consistency and distribution uniformity of the image acquisition areas;
1.2, before use, fixing the bare concrete image gray calibration plate on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected by using a nano double faced adhesive tape to ensure that the bare concrete image gray calibration plate is well contacted with the surface to be detected;
1.3, fixing a camera at a position 2m away from the fair-faced concrete by using a tripod, and performing white balance correction by using a white balance plate under natural light;
and 1.4, keeping the angle between the camera and the detected surface at 60-90 degrees, and acquiring the detected concrete image under natural light.
4. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the defects of the fair-faced concrete to be detected in the step 1 are subjected to image acquisition by a targeted fixed-point acquisition method, and specifically comprises the following steps: a staff gauge is pasted on the surface of the bare concrete to be detected, a camera is fixed at a position 2 meters away from the bare concrete by a tripod, the angle between the camera and the detected surface is kept at 60-90 degrees, and the defective part of the bare concrete is sampled at a fixed point in all ranges of the bare concrete to be detected under natural light.
5. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the color difference image processing in the step 2 specifically comprises:
(1) carrying out binarization processing on the color difference image to respectively obtain average gray values of gray calibration plates around different image acquisition areas;
(2) background elimination processing is carried out on the color difference image, and the average gray scale of the calibration board is measured, so that the difference value is smaller than 1;
(3) and (4) counting the average gray value and the standard deviation of each image acquisition area, and analyzing the maximum and minimum values and the average standard deviation of the gray value and the standard deviation.
6. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the bubble image in the step 2 specifically comprises:
(1) carrying out binarization, background correction and size calibration on the bubble image of the bare concrete to be detected;
(2) setting a threshold value, and identifying the number, radius and area of bubbles in different image acquisition areas;
(3) and calculating the total area of the bubbles in different image acquisition areas, obtaining the area ratio of the bubbles in a sampling range, the maximum radius of the bubbles and the number of the bubbles on a unit area, and judging the bubble dispersity through the number of the bubbles in the different image acquisition areas and the average bubble.
7. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the defect image in the step 2 specifically comprises:
(1) carrying out size calibration and manual selection on a defect image of the bare concrete to be detected;
(2) and calculating the area of the defect area and the percentage of the area of the defect area in the total area of the detected concrete.
8. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement of the fair-faced concrete cracks in the step 3 is carried out according to a fixed-point acquisition method, all cracks of the fair-faced concrete in a detected area are detected, and the width and the depth of the cracks are measured by using a crack comprehensive tester; the bare concrete open joint, the cicada joint and the surface flatness are measured by an even distribution method according to the proportion of not less than 30 percent, and the flatness of the surface of the detected concrete and the dislocation of the zen joint are tested by a bare concrete flatness tester.
9. The fair-faced concrete appearance quality evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises:
(1) defining chromatic aberration, bubbles, defects, cracks, open seams, buddhist seams and surface flatness as first-level indexes, and defining different influencing factors contained in the first-level indexes as second-level indexes to obtain a hierarchical division diagram for evaluating the appearance quality target of the fair-faced concrete;
(2) constructing a judgment matrix, and performing hierarchical decomposition
Respectively establishing a judgment matrix according to the sequence of the second-level index and the first-level index, calculating the weight of each index by using a maximum characteristic value method, and checking the consistency of the judgment matrix;
(3) calculating the score of the first-level index and the comprehensive index with the second-level index
The calculation formula of the first-level index score is as follows:
in the formula: i is the ith primary index;
j is the jth secondary index;
ωijthe weight of the jth secondary index of the ith primary index is the weight of the jth secondary index;
Bijthe score of the jth secondary index of the ith primary index;
Bithe score of the ith primary index;
the comprehensive score value is calculated according to the formula:
in the formula: omegaiThe weight value of the ith primary index;
c is a target total score value;
and finally, determining the appearance quality grade of the fair-faced concrete according to the calculated comprehensive score.
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