CN112611690A - Coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on three-dimensional image - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on a three-dimensional image, which comprises the following steps of: obtaining coarse aggregate pictures through a CCD camera, and carrying out a series of image processing operations (such as image filtering, image binarization, image filling, contour extraction and the like) on the coarse aggregate pictures to obtain coordinate points and thickness information of the outer contour of the particles; calculating the equivalent granularity and various grain shape parameters (such as needle sheet degree, flatness, three-angle and sphericity) of the coarse aggregate according to the obtained thickness information and the outer contour coordinate points, and comparing the parameters by a characterization method of the thickness of the coarse aggregate; by providing a new equivalent particle size characterization method for coarse aggregates with different shapes, the differential error between an image method and a screening method is further corrected, and accurate gradation is realized. The invention discloses a coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on a three-dimensional image, which realizes the accurate measurement of the coarse aggregate equivalent particle size and improves the grading precision of coarse aggregate particles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering machinery, in particular to a coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on a three-dimensional image.
Background
The grading is a proportional relation showing the mutual matching of the size particles of the aggregate, if the grading is proper, the mortar quantity for filling the gaps of the aggregate can be reduced, the water consumption per unit volume and the gel material consumption are correspondingly reduced, the production cost of the concrete is reduced, and the equivalent particle size of each aggregate particle must be known for measuring the grading of the aggregate.
At present, the equivalent particle size of coarse aggregate particles is measured by adopting a vibration screening method and an image method. The vibrating sieving method measures the equivalent granularity of coarse aggregate grains, the measuring process is to pour the coarse aggregate into the square-hole sieve, the aggregate smaller than the sieve holes can fall into the next-level sieve mesh until the grains can not pass through the sieve holes and are left in the square-hole sieve, and then the measuring result of the equivalent granularity of the grains is the sieve hole size to the previous-level sieve hole size. For the characterization of the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate by adopting an image method, the commonly used characterization methods are as follows: the equivalent ellipse Feret minor axis, the equivalent ellipse minor axis, the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the outline and the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the convex hull.
The flatness of the coarse aggregate is manually measured by a vernier caliper, and the highest value of particles when the coarse aggregate is laid down is used as the particle thickness according to the regulations in national standards, so that the flatness is calculated.
The vibration screening method can only measure the gradation of the coarse aggregate, and cannot measure the morphological parameters of the coarse aggregate. In addition, in the screening method, because the division of the particle size section is limited by the number of the layers of the screen, the measurement of the particle size distribution is slightly rough, the precision of the measurement result is influenced to a certain extent, and in addition, some particle types are possibly easily damaged due to severe vibration in the screening process, so the particle size distribution is influenced. The coarse aggregate granularity is characterized in the image method mainly according to the contour information of the particles (mainly a front projection contour), so that errors exist in the measurement result of the screening method in actual operation (the particles can change positions and directions continuously in the vibration process). Furthermore, in the actual measurement process, the equivalent particle size of the particles is usually characterized by a single characterization method, and the following are found through experiments: the measurement result of the maximum profile inscribed circle diameter characterization method is smaller than that of the screening method, the measurement result of the maximum convex hull inscribed circle diameter characterization method is smaller than that of the screening method, and the measurement accuracy of the other two characterization methods is lower, so that the grading result error is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on a three-dimensional image, so that the coarse aggregate equivalent particle size is accurately measured, and the grading precision of coarse aggregate particles is improved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized as follows:
a coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on a three-dimensional image comprises the following steps:
step 10, conveying the coarse aggregate particles by using a conveying device, shooting an image by using a CCD camera, and then obtaining the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle by using image processing; obtaining the thickness value of each coarse aggregate particle by a laser triangulation method by using a linear laser;
step 20, calculating the particle shape parameters of each coarse aggregate particle according to the outer contour and the thickness value, wherein the particle shape parameters comprise needle sheet degree, flatness, triangle degree and sphericity degree;
step 30, carrying out shape classification on the coarse aggregate particles according to the particle shape parameters, wherein the shape classification comprises the following steps: elongated, flat, angular, spherical, elongated triangular, and irregular;
and step 40, for the coarse aggregate particles classified in different shapes, respectively representing by corresponding equivalent particle sizes, and then grading the coarse aggregate.
Further, in the step 40, for coarse aggregate particles classified in different shapes, different equivalent particle size representations are respectively adopted, and specifically, the method includes:
obtaining the size of each coarse aggregate particle according to the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle, and calculating according to the outer contour and the thickness value to obtain a protrusion ratio;
for elongated coarse aggregate particles with particle sizes in a first range, the protrusion ratio is multiplied by the maximum diameter of an inscribed circle of the profile to characterize the elongated coarse aggregate particles; for elongated coarse aggregate particles with the particle size in a second range, adopting the bulge ratio multiplied by the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the convex hull;
for angular coarse aggregate particles with the particle size within a first range, characterizing by adopting the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the outline; for elongated coarse aggregate particles with the particle size in a second range, adopting the bulge ratio multiplied by the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the convex hull;
for the slender triangular coarse aggregate particles, the bulge ratio is multiplied by the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the convex hull to represent;
for spherical coarse aggregate particles, the diameter of the maximum inscribed circle of the outline is adopted for characterization;
for flat coarse aggregate particles, an equivalent granularity correction coefficient multiplied by an equivalent ellipse Feret short diameter is adopted for characterization;
and for irregular coarse aggregate particles, adopting equivalent elliptical Feret short diameter representation.
Further, the equivalent granularity correction coefficient is calculated by using formula (1):
wherein r is1The equivalent particle size correction factor is λ, and the flatness of the coarse aggregate particles is λ.
Further, the first range is [4.75mm-9.5mm ], and the second range is [9.5 mm-26.5mm ].
Further, in the step 40, grading coarse aggregate particles specifically includes:
step 41, obtaining the equivalent granularity size of the coarse aggregate particles through equivalent granularity characterization;
and step 42, dividing the coarse aggregate particles into five grading zone sections of [4.75mm-9.5mm ], [9.5mm-13.2mm ], [13.2mm-16.0mm ], [16.0mm-19.0mm ] and [19.0mm-26.5mm ] according to the equivalent particle size to realize grading.
Further, in the step 40, grading coarse aggregate particles further includes:
and 43, grading and correcting the coarse aggregate particles within the range of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size.
Further, the step 43 specifically includes:
431, for the coarse aggregate particles with the equivalent particle size within the interval of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size, obtaining corresponding perimeter according to the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle, and calculating the average perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles in each interval;
step 432, when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is smaller than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, correcting the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles by adopting a formula (2); when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is larger than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, correcting the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles by adopting a formula (3);
wherein l1Corrected perimeter when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is smaller than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, l2Corrected perimeter when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is greater than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, diFor each critical equivalent particle size, l is the average perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles in each interval;
and 433, recalculating the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate particles according to the corrected perimeter, and then dividing the equivalent particle size into corresponding grading intervals.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the coarse aggregate particles are conveyed by the conveyor belt, the CCD camera shoots images, the particle outline is obtained through image processing, the thickness profile of the particles is obtained through the linear laser, compared with the traditional measuring method, a large amount of measuring time is saved, and other particle shape parameters of the particles can be obtained at one time;
2. in the equivalent particle size measurement, different equivalent particle size characterization methods are adopted for coarse aggregate particles with different particle shapes, and the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate with a specific particle shape is compensated, so that the accurate measurement of the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate particles is realized;
3. and during grading, grading correction is carried out on coarse aggregate particles within the range of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size, so that the measurement result of the image method is closer to that of the vibration screening method, and the grading precision of the coarse aggregate particles is further improved.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for determining a characterization and a modification corresponding to each shape classification according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional image capturing device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present description without inventive step, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, the inventive concept of the present invention is as follows:
the particle size characterization of the original irregular particles does not distinguish the particle shape characteristics of the particles, and the same characterization method is adopted for all the particles with the shapes, which can cause larger error of particle size results measured by a vibration screening method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on a three-dimensional image according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include the following steps:
step 10, conveying the coarse aggregate particles by using a conveying device, shooting an image by using a CCD camera, and then obtaining the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle by using image processing; obtaining the thickness value of each coarse aggregate particle by a laser triangulation method by using a linear laser;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional image acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which 201 is a linear laser, 202 is a CCD camera, 203 is a coarse aggregate vibration dispersion module, 204 is a transparent conveyor belt, 205 is a backlight source, 206 is a stepping motor, and 207 is a computer, and the transmission device is composed of the coarse aggregate vibration dispersion module 203, the transparent conveyor belt 204, the backlight source 205, and the stepping motor 206, where the coarse aggregate vibration dispersion module 203 includes a feeding bin, a vibration feeder, a material blocking curtain, and a material guiding chute, and can effectively avoid the phenomena of large-area aggregate adhesion and stacking when the CCD camera shoots an aggregate image. Other prior art conveying devices and image capture devices may also be used to capture the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle.
After the outer contour is acquired, coordinate points of the outer contour of the particle are obtained through a series of image processing operations (e.g., image filtering, image binarization, image filling, contour extraction, etc.).
The thickness data of the coarse aggregate which cannot be measured on the two-dimensional image is obtained by adopting a laser triangulation method, the thickness profile of the upper surface of the coarse aggregate is obtained by using a line laser and a CCD camera in a matching way, and then the thickness profile is transmitted to a computer for storage, wherein the thickness data calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, L represents the dislocation distance of the laser line, beta is the installation included angle between the laser and the vertical plane,
is the average calibration coefficient of the surface of the conveyor belt, and m is the laser line dislocationThe number of pixels occupied by the length L.
Step 20, calculating the particle shape parameters of each coarse aggregate particle according to the outer contour and the thickness value, wherein the particle shape parameters comprise needle sheet degree, flatness, triangle degree and sphericity degree;
the coarse aggregate particles are conveyed through the conveyor belt, the CCD camera shoots images, then the outer contours of the particles are obtained through image processing, the thickness profiles of the particles are obtained through the line laser, and finally the grain shape parameters of each coarse aggregate particle are calculated according to the outer contours and the thickness values, wherein the grain shape parameters comprise the needle slice degree, the flatness, the triangle degree and the sphericity degree.
Step 30, carrying out shape classification on the coarse aggregate particles according to the particle shape parameters, wherein the shape classification comprises the following steps: elongated, flat, angular, spherical, elongated triangular, and irregular;
by analyzing distribution curves of the needle flake degree, the flatness, the three angles and the sphericity of the six types of particles, a theoretical basis for classifying according to shapes is obtained, so that the coarse aggregate particles can be classified according to the following conditions:
and step 40, for the coarse aggregate particles classified in different shapes, respectively representing by corresponding equivalent particle sizes, and then grading the coarse aggregate.
In the method for representing the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate particles disclosed in the embodiment, considering that the equivalent particle size is influenced by the particle shape, the larger the equivalent particle size is, the larger the degree of influence by the particle shape is, and different equivalent particle size representing methods are respectively adopted for coarse aggregates with different particle shape characteristics and particle sizes, so that the accurate measurement of the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregates is realized.
The equivalent particle size characterization method is specifically shown in the following table:
wherein, the bulge ratio is calculated according to the outer contour and the thickness value;
the equivalent particle size correction coefficient is calculated by using the formula (1):
wherein r is1The equivalent particle size correction factor is λ, and the flatness of the coarse aggregate particles is λ.
In the vibration screening process, for the same grade of screen holes, flat particles can pass through, and cubic particles cannot pass through, which shows that the equivalent particle size of the flat particles is smaller. However, the projected area of the flat particles is larger, and the equivalent particle size is larger when the flat particles are calculated by an image method, so when the equivalent particle size of the flat particles is represented, the representation method of the flat particles in the image method needs to be corrected by using an equivalent particle size correction coefficient, and corresponding equivalent particle size correction coefficients are respectively given according to different degrees of flatness of the coarse aggregate particles. Through corresponding equivalent granularity correction, the error between the image method and the vibration screening method can be effectively reduced, so that the measurement result of the three-dimensional image method is closer to that of the vibration screening method.
In a possible implementation manner, after each particle is characterized by the equivalent particle size according to the method of the present invention, the coarse aggregate can be graded into five segments of 4.75-9.5mm, 9.5-13.2mm, 13.2-16.0mm, 16.0-19.0mm and 19.0-26.5mm according to the corresponding particle size range, and the grading specifically includes:
step 41, obtaining the equivalent granularity size of the coarse aggregate particles through equivalent granularity characterization;
and step 42, dividing the coarse aggregate particles into five grading zone sections of [4.75mm-9.5mm ], [9.5mm-13.2mm ], [13.2mm-16.0mm ], [16.0mm-19.0mm ] and [19.0mm-26.5mm ] according to the equivalent particle size to realize grading.
For the image method, the aggregate passes through a camera shooting area in a lying posture, the maximum projection plane of the shot aggregate particles is a large probability time, but other projection planes of the aggregate particles are shot, so that errors are generated in particle size calculation of the aggregate particles, and therefore when the image method is adopted to measure coarse aggregate grading, the condition that particle size intervals intersect with each other is necessarily generated for each grade of particle size interval. Therefore, the grading can be corrected, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and 43, grading and correcting the coarse aggregate particles within the range of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size.
431, for the coarse aggregate particles with the equivalent particle size within the interval of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size, obtaining corresponding perimeter according to the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle, and calculating the average perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles in each interval;
in one embodiment, the calculated average perimeter of the particles at the critical particle size is as follows:
step 432, when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is smaller than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, correcting the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles by adopting a formula (2); when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is larger than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, correcting the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles by adopting a formula (3);
wherein l1Corrected perimeter when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is smaller than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, l2The corrected perimeter is the perimeter when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is larger than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval，diFor each critical equivalent particle size, l is the average perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles in each interval;
in one embodiment, the modified parameter table is as follows:
the calculation method of the correction coefficient in the above table is exemplified by two particle size ranges of 4.75 to 9.5mm and 9.5 to 13.2 mm. For aggregates with grading measurement results in the range of 9-9.5 mm by an image method, aggregates with the granularity range of 4.75-9.5mm in the grading materials exist, and aggregates with the granularity range of 9.5-13.2mm also exist. According to the relation of the average perimeter at the critical granularity, the aggregates with the perimeter larger than 48 in the granularity range of 9-9.5 mm are considered to come from the granularity range of 9.5-13.2mm and are errors caused by overlarge image method measurement, so the correction coefficient is the corrected perimeter l when the average perimeter at the 9.5mm is divided by the overlarge corrected perimeter2Obtaining; the aggregate with the particle size of less than 48 in the range of 9.5-10 mm comes from the particle size range of 4.75-9.5mm, and is an error caused by the smaller measurement of an image method, so that the correction coefficient is the corrected perimeter l when the position of 9.5mm is larger1Divided by the average circumference. All correction coefficients can be obtained by analogy with the method.
And 433, recalculating the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate particles according to the corrected perimeter, and then dividing the equivalent particle size into corresponding grading intervals.
Through error comparison and analysis between the image method and the traditional screening method, a grading correction method is provided, the error between the image method and the vibration screening method can be further reduced, and the measurement result of the three-dimensional image method is closer to the vibration screening method.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, the coarse aggregate particles are conveyed by the conveyor belt, the CCD camera shoots images, the outer contours of the particles are obtained through image processing, and the thickness profiles of the particles are obtained through the linear laser; in the equivalent particle size measurement, different equivalent particle size characterization methods are adopted for coarse aggregate particles with different particle shapes, and the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate with a specific particle shape is compensated, so that the accurate measurement of the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate particles is realized; and during grading, grading correction is carried out on coarse aggregate particles within the range of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size, so that the measurement result of the image method is closer to that of the vibration screening method, and the grading precision of the coarse aggregate particles is further improved. The two correction methods provided by the invention can effectively reduce the error between the measurement results of the image method and the vibration screening method, so that the measurement result of the three-dimensional image method is closer to the vibration screening method.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A coarse aggregate equivalent particle size grading method based on a three-dimensional image is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 10, conveying the coarse aggregate particles by using a conveying device, shooting an image by using a CCD camera, and then obtaining the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle by using image processing; obtaining the thickness value of each coarse aggregate particle by a laser triangulation method by using a linear laser;
step 20, calculating the particle shape parameters of each coarse aggregate particle according to the outer contour and the thickness value, wherein the particle shape parameters comprise needle sheet degree, flatness, triangle degree and sphericity degree;
step 30, carrying out shape classification on the coarse aggregate particles according to the particle shape parameters, wherein the shape classification comprises the following steps: elongated, flat, angular, spherical, elongated triangular, and irregular;
and step 40, for the coarse aggregate particles classified in different shapes, respectively representing by corresponding equivalent particle sizes, and then grading the coarse aggregate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 40, for coarse aggregate particles classified in different shapes, different equivalent particle size representations are respectively adopted, and the method specifically includes:
obtaining the size of each coarse aggregate particle according to the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle, and calculating according to the outer contour and the thickness value to obtain a protrusion ratio;
for elongated coarse aggregate particles with particle sizes in a first range, the protrusion ratio is multiplied by the maximum diameter of an inscribed circle of the profile to characterize the elongated coarse aggregate particles; for elongated coarse aggregate particles with the particle size in a second range, adopting the bulge ratio multiplied by the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the convex hull;
for angular coarse aggregate particles with the particle size within a first range, characterizing by adopting the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the outline; for elongated coarse aggregate particles with the particle size in a second range, adopting the bulge ratio multiplied by the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the convex hull;
for the slender triangular coarse aggregate particles, the bulge ratio is multiplied by the maximum inscribed circle diameter of the convex hull to represent;
for spherical coarse aggregate particles, the diameter of the maximum inscribed circle of the outline is adopted for characterization;
for flat coarse aggregate particles, an equivalent granularity correction coefficient multiplied by an equivalent ellipse Feret short diameter is adopted for characterization;
and for irregular coarse aggregate particles, adopting equivalent elliptical Feret short diameter representation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the equivalent particle size correction coefficient is calculated by using a formula (1):
wherein r is1The equivalent particle size correction factor is λ, and the flatness of the coarse aggregate particles is λ.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein: the first range is [4.75mm-9.5mm ], and the second range is [9.5 mm-26.5mm ].
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 40, grading coarse aggregate particles specifically includes:
step 41, obtaining the equivalent granularity size of the coarse aggregate particles through equivalent granularity characterization;
and step 42, dividing the coarse aggregate particles into five grading zone sections of [4.75mm-9.5mm ], [9.5mm-13.2mm ], [13.2mm-16.0mm ], [16.0mm-19.0mm ] and [19.0mm-26.5mm ] according to the equivalent particle size to realize grading.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: in the step 40, grading coarse aggregate particles further includes:
and 43, grading and correcting the coarse aggregate particles within the range of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the step 43 specifically includes:
431, for the coarse aggregate particles with the equivalent particle size within the interval of plus or minus 5% of each critical equivalent particle size, obtaining corresponding perimeter according to the outer contour of each coarse aggregate particle, and calculating the average perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles in each interval;
step 432, when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is smaller than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, correcting the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles by adopting a formula (2); when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is larger than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, correcting the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles by adopting a formula (3);
wherein l1Corrected perimeter when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is smaller than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, l2Corrected perimeter when the perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles is greater than the average perimeter of the corresponding interval, diFor each critical equivalent particle size, l is the average perimeter of the coarse aggregate particles in each interval;
and 433, recalculating the equivalent particle size of the coarse aggregate particles according to the corrected perimeter, and then dividing the equivalent particle size into corresponding grading intervals.
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| CN113409297A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-17 | 深圳市宏申工业智能有限公司 | Aggregate volume calculation method, particle form grading data generation method, system and equipment |
| CN114972166A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-08-30 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Aggregate grading data statistical method based on visual inspection image |
| CN117495843A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-02-02 | 四川高速公路建设开发集团有限公司 | Aggregate grading intelligent detection method system and equipment with different depth of field in storage bin |
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