CN111105386B - Coarse aggregate quality image processing and analyzing method based on mobile equipment - Google Patents
Coarse aggregate quality image processing and analyzing method based on mobile equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coarse aggregate quality image processing and analyzing method based on mobile equipment, which specifically comprises image shooting and image processing; the specific operation method of image shooting is that aggregate particles are required to be placed on a flat-plate-shaped supporting plate, a square black area is coated on the surface of the supporting plate, and the shooting area is required to be outside the black area and within the range of the supporting plate during shooting; the image processing specifically comprises perspective transformation, pixel and mm conversion, image segmentation and aggregate index calculation, and the method can be carried about and can be very conveniently used for outdoor detection; the invention has low cost, the popular smart phone is used for photographing and image processing, and the supporting plate can be processed by self; the method can calculate the aggregate gradation and the compactness based on the two-dimensional image information, and the calculated data is completely from the image without additionally detecting other data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete production, in particular to a mobile equipment-based coarse aggregate quality image processing and analyzing method.
Background
The aggregate is a raw material with the largest consumption in concrete, and the performance of the aggregate has important influence on the concrete. Aggregate gradation, grain shape and compactness are important indexes influencing the economic performance, the working performance, the mechanical performance and the durability of concrete. The relevant specification and standard of the indexes give out relevant detection methods and evaluation standards, but for the particle shape, the evaluation is only carried out by the content of the integral needle and flaky particles of the aggregate, the aggregate is actually composed of particles of various particle grades, the influence degrees of the content of the needle and flaky particles of different particle grades on the performance of the concrete are different, and the quality of the particle shape of the aggregate cannot be accurately reflected by the content of the integral needle and flaky particles of the aggregate.
In recent years, a number of researchers use image analysis to detect the quality of concrete aggregate. The general steps are as follows: firstly, calibrating a camera with a fixed position and an angle (generally, a vertical angle relative to an aggregate placing plane is used for obtaining orthographic projection) by using a calibration plate to obtain a camera model, and calculating the conversion ratio of pixels to actual sizes such as millimeters and the like according to the camera model; then extracting aggregate edge data by using methods such as threshold segmentation and the like, and calculating geometric information of aggregate particles by using the aggregate edge data and pixel conversion proportion; and finally, calculating all indexes of the aggregate according to the geometric information of the aggregate particles.
These methods enable systematic and detailed calculation of aggregate particle shape information, but generally have the following problems. The camera needs to keep the angle and the position fixed in the calibration process and the shooting process, so a set of stand for fixing the camera is generally needed, and the problems of large size and inconvenience in carrying of the equipment are caused. While such solutions typically require one or more industrial cameras, computing processing systems (e.g., computers), auxiliary equipment (light sources, camera stands, etc.), and are relatively costly.
The invention aims to provide a low-cost and portable aggregate detection method and simultaneously provides a calculation method of aggregate gradation and compactness.
Disclosure of Invention
1. A coarse aggregate quality image processing and analyzing method based on mobile equipment specifically comprises image shooting and image processing;
the specific operation method of image shooting is that aggregate particles are required to be placed on a flat-plate-shaped supporting plate, a square black area is coated on the surface of the supporting plate, and the shooting area is required to be outside the black area and within the range of the supporting plate during shooting;
the image processing specifically comprises perspective transformation, pixel-mm conversion, image segmentation and aggregate index calculation;
perspective transformation: the essence is that the image is projected to a new plane, and the general transformation formula is shown as formula (1):
in the formula, x ', y ' and z ' are pixel coordinates after conversion, x, y and z are pixel coordinates before conversion, and A is a conversion matrix.
The step of perspective transformation comprises the steps of extracting four corner points of a black area in a picture, creating a perspective matrix according to coordinates of the four corner points and performing perspective transformation; after perspective transformation, pictures shot at other angles and positions can be converted into pictures at an overlooking angle, and the pictures at fixed angles and positions can be obtained without camera fixing equipment;
conversion of pixels to mm: after the picture is changed into a picture under a overlooking visual angle through perspective, calculating the conversion relation between the pixels and the mm according to the pixel size of the converted image and the physical size of the supporting plate; assuming that the black area of the supporting plate is a square with a side length of len (unit is mm), and the height and width of the image after perspective transformation are both len' pixels long, the conversion relationship between the pixel length and mm is shown in formula (2):
pixel size and mm 2 The conversion relationship between them is shown in formula (3):
image segmentation: extracting the aggregate edge by using a threshold segmentation method to obtain a series of coordinate data of the aggregate edge; according to the data and the conversion relation between the pixels and the mm, the actual size of the aggregate particles in the graph can be calculated according to the pixel size;
aggregate index calculation: two-dimensional geometric information of aggregate particles is obtained through perspective transformation, pixel-mm conversion and image segmentation, and grading, compactness and particle shape indexes of the aggregate can be calculated based on the data.
The invention provides a method for calculating screening and compactness of aggregate based on two-dimensional geometric information of aggregate particles, which specifically comprises the steps of calculating the grade of the particles, calculating grading and calculating the compactness;
the calculation of the particle grade of the particles mainly comprises the passing judgment of the particles; the method comprises the steps of judging whether particles can pass through a current sieve pore one by one according to the sequence of the pore diameters of the sieve pores from large to small, if the particles meet the passing property, storing the particle information into a corresponding set, and providing data for subsequent grading calculation;
the passing judgment of the particles is divided into 3 steps which are respectively called coarse filtration, fine filtration and reverse filtration;
the method for judging the passing property of the particles is as follows:
first, coarse-screening is performed on particles, and if any particle satisfies the formula (4), the particle is considered to belong to the size fraction, and the particle is put into the set Q corresponding to the size fraction i If the condition is not satisfied, performing fine filtering treatment; the particle fineness needs to judge whether the particles satisfy the formula (5), and if so, the particles are put into a set Q i If the particles do not satisfy the rule of coarse consideration and fine consideration, the particles are not considered to belong to the grade, and the grade should be reduced; for newly added set Q i The particles in (1) are filtered reversely according to the formula (6), if the formula (6) is satisfied, the particles belong to the previous size fraction, the size fraction of the particles is increased by one grade, and the particles are moved out of the set Q i Moving into the corresponding particle set Q of the previous fraction i-1 ；
L 1 ×C×AI＞S×f p (4)；
L 2 ＞S×f i (5)；
L 2 ＞S×f r (6)；
L in the formulae (4) to (6) 1 、L 2 Respectively, the length and width of the minimum envelope rectangle of the particle (assuming L) 1 ≥L 2 ) C is the roundness coefficient of the particles to be calculated, AI is the axial coefficient, S is the screen diameter of the square-hole screen, f p Is a passing coefficient, f i To adjust the coefficient, f r Is a reverse adjustment factor;
grading calculation: firstly, mass m of each particle of the aggregate i Carrying out estimation, see formula (7); total mass m of particles in set Q corresponding to fraction S s See formula (8); the mass percentage P of the particles corresponding to the size fraction S s See formula (9);
m i ＝A i L i γρ (7)；
wherein γ is the flatness index of the batch of aggregate, L i The minimum particle outsourcing rectangle width is defined, n is the total number of particles in a set Q corresponding to a particle size S to be calculated, M is the total number of particles in the detected aggregate sample, and M is the total mass of the detected aggregate sample;
and (3) calculating compactness: a calculation method for calculating the stacking compactness based on two-dimensional information of aggregates is provided, and comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, enabling each particle to be equivalent to a circle according to the principle that the area is unchanged, and recording the roundness coefficient C of each particle, wherein the total area of a detected sample is A;
s2, creating a two-dimensional stacking container with the length H and the width W
And is not less than 400mm, when less than 400mm, 400mm is taken;
s3, generating a stacking simulation particle set G in a mode that sample particles are used as a base number and are copied by N times, wherein N is the sum of 2 and the ratio of the area of a stacking container to A;
s4, creating an empty set G s The particle storage device is used for storing particles meeting the placing conditions and coordinate information of the particles;
s5, randomly selecting particles P from G, randomly generating coordinates (x, y) in a placing container, if P is located at the (x, y) point, and the P and any placed particle meet placing conditions (see formula 10), removing P from G, and storing particle information and coordinates of P into a set G s Performing the following steps; if the (x, y) point does not meet the placing condition of P, generating coordinates again, calculating again, allowing the number of attempts to be 1000, and skipping the particle if the number of attempts is exceeded;
s6, repeating the step S5 until all the particles in the G are subjected to placement simulation;
s7, for achieving the effect of tightly packing the particles, for G s The particle in (1) is subjected to descending simulation, and the steps are as follows:
a) According to the value of the coordinate y, for G s The particles in (1) are subjected to positive sequence sorting;
b) Generating a collection G of particles for depositing a completed descent operation p ；
c) For G s The value of y of the coordinate of the particle P is gradually reduced until the value of y is equal to that of G p Any particle that has completed the lowering operation satisfies the holding condition, see equation (11), or when the particle has fallen to the bottom of the container, it is moved into G p Performing the following steps;
d) Repeating step c) until G s The particles in (1) are all subjected to descending simulation;
s8, calculating compactness and G s The ratio of the sum of partial areas of the particles in (A') below y =0.5H to the partial area of the stacking vessel below y =0.5H (W x 0.5H) is the degree of compaction;
the placement conditions in the placement simulation are as shown in equation (10):
the standing condition in the descent simulation is as shown in equation (11):
wherein x, y are the coordinates of the particle to be placed or lowered, x i 、y i The coordinates of any particle for which placement or lowering is to be performed, r is the equivalent radius of the particle to be placed or lowered, r i The equivalent radius of any particle for which the placing or lowering operation is performed, C the roundness of the particle to be placed or lowered, C i Roundness of the particles for any completed placement or lowering operation;
and S9, repeating S5-S8 for 5 times in order to reduce result fluctuation caused by random placement of the particles, and taking the average value of 5 calculation results as the final result of compactness calculation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can be carried about and can be conveniently used for outdoor detection; the invention has low cost, the popular smart phone is used for photographing and image processing, and the supporting plate can be processed by self; the method can calculate the aggregate gradation and the compactness based on the two-dimensional image information, and the calculated data is completely from the image without additionally detecting other data.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a pallet according to the present invention;
fig. 2 (a) is a photographed original image; fig. 2 (b) shows corners and edges of the extracted black region, and fig. 2 (c) shows a perspective-transformed image.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a pixel.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a steady state object.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, a coarse aggregate quality image processing and analyzing method based on mobile equipment specifically comprises image shooting and image processing;
the specific operation method of image shooting is that aggregate particles are required to be placed on a flat-plate-shaped supporting plate, a square black area is coated on the surface of the supporting plate, and the shooting area is required to be outside the black area and within the range of the supporting plate during shooting; the aggregate is placed in the black area, and the image is prevented from being overexposed during shooting; image capture as shown in fig. 1; the supporting plate can also adopt common paper instead of a belt;
the image processing specifically comprises perspective transformation, pixel and mm conversion, image segmentation and aggregate index calculation;
perspective transformation: the essence is that the image is projected to a new plane, and the general transformation formula is shown as formula (1):
in the formula, x ', y ' and z ' are pixel coordinates after conversion, x, y and z are pixel coordinates before conversion, and A is a conversion matrix.
The function of the projection device is to project the original image to another plane; the invention uses perspective transformation to convert the image shot by the mobile phone into a top view, and can acquire pictures with fixed angles and positions without a camera fixing device; the step of perspective transformation comprises the steps of extracting four corner points of a black area in a picture, creating a perspective matrix according to coordinates of the four corner points and performing perspective transformation;
fig. 2 (a) is a photographed original image; fig. 2 (b) is a perspective matrix created from four corner coordinates of the black region extracted from the original image by using Canny algorithm and hough line transformation for the extracted black region corners and edges; fig. 2 (c) is a perspective transformed image, in which the original non-vertically photographed picture is transformed into a vertical top view after the original image is subjected to perspective transformation by using the perspective matrix obtained by the above method;
conversion of pixels to mm: the black area in fig. 2 (c) is the complete black area in fig. 1, so the conversion relationship between the pixel and the mm can be calculated according to the pixel size of the image and the physical size of the pallet.
Assuming that the black area of the supporting plate is a square with a side length of len (unit is mm), and the height and width of the image after perspective transformation are both len' pixels long, the conversion relation between the pixel length and mm is shown as formula (2):
pixel size and mm 2 The conversion relationship between them is shown in formula (3):
image segmentation: extracting the aggregate edge by using a threshold segmentation method to obtain a series of coordinate data of the aggregate edge; according to the data and the conversion relation between the pixels and the mm, the actual size of the aggregate particle pixels in the graph can be calculated;
aggregate index calculation: two-dimensional geometric information of aggregate particles is obtained through perspective transformation, pixel-mm conversion and image segmentation, and grading, compactness and particle shape indexes of the aggregate can be calculated based on the data.
The invention provides a method for calculating screening and compactness of aggregate based on two-dimensional geometric information of aggregate particles, which specifically comprises the following steps of particle grade calculation, grading calculation and compactness calculation of the particles:
the calculation of the size fraction to which the particles belong basically assumes that: it is well known that objects are not subjected to external forcesIn this condition, when it is in a steady state, the potential energy is minimal, as shown in fig. 4. It is considered that the aggregate particles placed are placed in a state of a minimum height-direction dimension, i.e., in a flat state, and the two-dimensional dimension measured in the image is the maximum value L of the aggregate particle dimension 1 Second maximum value L 2 。
The grain sizes of the common concrete coarse aggregate square hole sieves are 37.5 mm, 31.5 mm, 26.5 mm, 19 mm, 16 mm, 9.5 mm, 4.75 mm and 2.36mm respectively from large to small.
The passing judgment of the particles is divided into 3 steps which are respectively called coarse filtration, fine filtration and reverse filtration;
the method for judging the passing property of the particles is as follows:
first, coarse-screening is performed on the granules, and if the formula (4) is satisfied, any of the granules is considered to belong to the fraction, and the granules are put into the corresponding set Q of the fraction i If the condition is not satisfied, performing fine filtering treatment; the particle fineness needs to judge whether the particles satisfy the formula (5), and if so, the particles are put into a set Q i If the particles do not meet the rules of coarse consideration and fine consideration, the particles are not considered to belong to the size fraction, and the size fraction should be reduced; for newly added set Q i If the formula (6) is satisfied, the particle size of the particle belongs to the previous size fraction, the particle size fraction is increased by one step, and the particle is moved out of the set Q i Moving into the corresponding particle set Q of the previous fraction i-1 ；
L 1 ×C×AI＞S×f p (4)；
L 2 ＞S×f i (5)；
L 2 ＞S×f r (6)；
L in the formulae (4) to (6) 1 、L 2 Respectively the length and width (L) of the minimum particle enveloping rectangle 1 ≥L 2 ) C is the roundness coefficient of the particles to be calculated, AI is the axial coefficient, S is the screen diameter of the square-hole screen, f p Is a passing coefficient, f i To adjust the coefficient, f r For adjusting the coefficients in opposite directions, f p 、f i 、f r Values are given in the following table.
TABLE 1 coefficient fetch
| Size fraction/mm | f p | f i | f r |
| 37.5 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.19 |
| 31.5 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.19 |
| 26.5 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.19 |
| 19 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.19 |
| 16 | 1.0 | 1.35 | 2.19 |
| 9.5 | 1.0 | 1.35 | 2.19 |
| 4.75 | 1.0 | 1.35 | 2.65 |
| 2.36 | 1.0 | 1.35 | 2.65 |
Grading calculation
Because the existing specifications are based on quality grading, the quality of each grade of the aggregate needs to be estimated; firstly, the mass m of each particle of the aggregate i Carrying out estimation, see formula (7); total mass m of particles in set Q corresponding to fraction S s See formula (8); the mass percentage P of the particles corresponding to the size fraction S s See formula (9);
m i ＝A i L i γρ (7)；
wherein γ is the flatness index of the batch of aggregate, L i The minimum particle enveloping rectangle width is defined as n, the total number of particles in the set Q corresponding to the particle size S to be calculated is defined as n, M is the total number of particles in the detected aggregate sample, and M is the total mass of the detected aggregate sample.
And (3) calculating compactness: a calculation method for calculating the stacking compactness based on two-dimensional information of aggregates is provided, and comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, enabling each particle to be equivalent to a circle according to the principle that the area is unchanged, and recording the roundness coefficient C of each particle, wherein the total area of a detected sample is A;
s2, creating a two-dimensional stacking container with the length H and the width W
And is not less than 400mm, and when less than 400mm, 400mm is taken.
S3, generating a stacking simulation particle set G in a mode that sample particles are used as a base number and are copied by N times, wherein N is the sum of the ratio of a stacking container to A plus 2;
s4, creating an empty set G s The particle storage device is used for storing particles meeting the placing condition and coordinate information of the particles;
s5, randomly selecting particles P from G, randomly generating coordinates (x, y) in a placing container, if the P is located at the point (x, y), and the P and any placed particle meet placing conditions (see formula 10), removing the P from the G, and storing particle information and coordinates of the P into a set G s Performing the following steps; if the (x, y) point does not meet the placement condition of P, generating coordinates again, calculating again, allowing the number of attempts to be 1000, and skipping the particle if the number of attempts exceeds the number of attempts;
s6, repeating the step S5 until all the particles in the G are subjected to placement simulation;
s7, for achieving the effect of tightly packing the particles, for G s The particle in (1) is subjected to descending simulation, and the steps are as follows:
e) According to the value of y of the particle coordinate, for G s The particles in (1) are subjected to positive sequence sorting;
f) Generating a collection G of particles for depositing a completed descent operation p ；
g) For G s The value of y of the coordinate of the particle P is gradually reduced until the value of y is equal to that of G p Any particle that has completed the lowering operation satisfies the holding condition, and when the particle falls to the bottom of the container, it is moved into G p The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) performing;
h) Repeating step c) until G s The particles in the medium are all subjected to descending simulation;
s8, calculating compactness and G s The ratio of the sum of partial areas of the particles in (A') below y =0.5H to the partial area of the stacking vessel below y =0.5H (W x 0.5H) is the degree of compaction;
the placement conditions in the placement simulation are as shown in equation (10):
the standing condition in the descent simulation is as shown in formula (11):
wherein x, y are the coordinates of the particle to be placed or lowered, x i 、y i Coordinates of the point where the placement or lowering has been completed, r is the equivalent radius of the particle to be placed or lowered, r i The equivalent radius of any particle for which the placing or lowering operation is performed, C the roundness of the particle to be placed or lowered, C i Roundness of the particles for any completed placement or lowering operation;
and S9, repeating S5-S8 for 5 times to reduce result fluctuation caused by random placement of the particles, and taking the average value of the 5 times of calculation results as the final result of compactness calculation.
The invention can be carried about and can be conveniently used for outdoor detection; the invention has low cost, the popular smart phone is used for photographing and image processing, and the supporting plate can be processed by self; the method can calculate the aggregate gradation and the compactness based on the two-dimensional image information, and the calculated data is completely from the image without additionally detecting other data.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (1)
1. A coarse aggregate quality image processing and analyzing method based on mobile equipment is characterized by specifically comprising image shooting and image processing;
the specific operation method of image shooting is that aggregate particles are required to be placed on a flat-plate-shaped supporting plate, a square black area is coated on the surface of the supporting plate, and the shooting area is required to be outside the black area and within the range of the supporting plate during shooting;
the image processing specifically comprises perspective transformation, pixel and mm conversion, image segmentation and aggregate index calculation;
perspective transformation: the essence of the method is to project an image to a new plane, and the general transformation formula is shown as the formula (1):
in the formula, x ', y ' and z ' are pixel coordinates after conversion, x, y and z are pixel coordinates before conversion, and A is a conversion matrix;
the step of perspective transformation comprises the steps of extracting four corner points of a black area in a picture, creating a perspective matrix according to coordinates of the four corner points and performing perspective transformation; after perspective transformation, pictures shot at other angles and positions are converted into pictures at an overlooking angle, and the pictures at the fixed angles and positions can be obtained without camera fixing equipment;
conversion of pixels to mm: calculating the conversion relation between the pixels and the mm according to the pixel size of the image after perspective conversion and the physical size of the supporting plate; assuming that the black area of the supporting plate is a square with the side length of len and the unit of mm, and the height and width of the image after perspective transformation are both len' pixels long, the conversion relation between the pixel length and mm is shown in formula (2):
pixel size and mm 2 The conversion relationship between them is shown in formula (3):
image segmentation: extracting the aggregate edge by using a threshold segmentation method to obtain a series of coordinate data of the aggregate edge; calculating the actual size of the pixels of the aggregate particles in the graph according to the data and the conversion relation between the pixels and the mm;
aggregate index calculation: obtaining two-dimensional geometric information of aggregate particles through perspective transformation, pixel-to-mm conversion and image segmentation, and calculating grading, compactness and particle shape indexes of the aggregate based on the data;
the method for calculating the screening and compactness of the aggregate based on the two-dimensional geometric information of the aggregate particles specifically comprises the steps of calculating the grade of the particles, grading and calculating the compactness;
the calculation of the particle size fraction of the particles is the passing judgment of the particles; the method comprises the steps of judging whether particles can pass through a current sieve pore one by one according to the sequence of the pore diameters of the sieve pores from large to small, if the particles meet the passing property, storing the particle information into a corresponding set, and providing data for subsequent grading calculation;
the passing judgment of the particles is divided into 3 steps which are respectively called coarse filtration, fine filtration and reverse filtration;
the method for judging the passing property of the particles is as follows:
first, the granules are roughly filtered, and if any of the granules satisfies the formula (4), the granule is considered to belong to the corresponding grade, and the granules are put into the set Q corresponding to the grade i If not, performing fine filtering treatment; the particle fineness needs to judge whether the particles satisfy the formula (5), and if so, the particles are put into a set Q i If none of the particles satisfies the rule of coarse and fine considerations, the particle is considered not to belong to the fraction and should be reducedGrading; for newly joining set Q i If the formula (6) is satisfied, the particle size of the particle belongs to the previous size fraction, the particle size fraction is increased by one step, and the particle is moved out of the set Q i Moving into the corresponding particle set Q of the previous fraction i-1 ；
L 1 ×C×AI＞S×f p (4)；
L 2 ＞S×f i (5)；
L 2 ＞S×f r (6)；
L in the formulae (4) to (6) 1 、L 2 Respectively the length and the width of the minimum enveloping rectangle of the particles, C is the roundness coefficient of the particles to be calculated, AI is the axial coefficient, S is the screen diameter of the square-hole screen, f p Is a passing coefficient, f i To adjust the coefficient, f r Is a reverse adjustment factor;
grading calculation: firstly, mass m of each particle of the aggregate i Carrying out estimation, see formula (7); total mass m of particles in set Q corresponding to fraction S s See formula (8); the mass percentage P of the particles corresponding to the size fraction S s See formula (9);
m i ＝A i L i γρ (7)；
wherein γ is the flatness index of the batch of aggregate, L i The minimum particle outsourcing rectangle width is defined, n is the total number of particles in a set Q corresponding to a particle size S to be calculated, M is the total number of particles in the detected aggregate sample, and M is the total mass of the detected aggregate sample;
and (3) calculating compactness: a calculation method for calculating the stacking compactness based on aggregate two-dimensional information is provided, and comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, enabling each particle to be equivalent to a circle according to the principle that the area is unchanged, and recording the roundness coefficient C of each particle, wherein the total area of a detected sample is A;
s2, creating a two-dimensional stacking container with the length H and the width W
And is not less than 400mm, when less than 400mm, 400mm is taken;
s3, generating a stacking simulation particle set G in a mode that sample particles are used as a base number and are copied by N times, wherein N is the sum of the ratio of the stacking container area to A plus 2;
s4, creating an empty set G s The particle storage device is used for storing particles meeting the placing conditions and coordinate information of the particles;
s5, randomly selecting particles P from G, randomly generating coordinates (x, y) in a placing container, if P is located at the (x, y) point, and the P and any placed particle meet the placing condition equation (10), removing P from G, and storing particle information and coordinates of P into a set G s The preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) performing; if the (x, y) point does not meet the placement condition of P, generating coordinates again, calculating again, allowing the number of attempts to be 1000, and skipping the particle if the number of attempts exceeds the number of attempts;
s6, repeating the step S5 until all the particles in the G are subjected to placement simulation;
s7, for achieving the effect of tightly packing the particles, for G s The particle in (1) is subjected to descending simulation, and the steps are as follows:
a) According to the value of y of the particle coordinate, for G s The particles in (1) are subjected to positive sequence sorting;
b) Generating a collection G of particles for depositing a completed descent operation p ；
c) For G s The value of y of the coordinate of the particle P is gradually reduced until the value of y is equal to that of G p Any particle that has completed the lowering operation satisfies the holding condition, see equation (11), or when the particle has fallen to the bottom of the container, it is moved into G p Performing the following steps;
d) Repeating step c) until G s The particles in (1) are all subjected to descending simulation;
S8、compactness calculation, calculation G s The ratio of the sum of partial areas A' of the particles in (A) below y =0.5H to the partial area W x 0.5H below the stacking vessel y =0.5H is the degree of compaction;
the placement conditions in the placement simulation are as shown in equation (10):
the standing condition in the descent simulation is as shown in formula (11):
wherein x, y are coordinates of the particle to be placed or lowered, x i 、y i For any coordinate of a particle for which a placement or lowering operation is performed, r is the equivalent radius of the particle to be placed or lowered, r i The equivalent radius of any particle for which the placing or lowering operation is performed, C the roundness of the particle to be placed or lowered, C i Roundness of the particles for any completed placement or lowering operation;
and S9, repeating S5-S8 for 5 times to reduce result fluctuation caused by random placement of the particles, and taking the average value of the 5 times of calculation results as the final result of compactness calculation.
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