CN112611634B - Method for evaluating pole piece fracture at positive lug of cylindrical lithium battery - Google Patents
Method for evaluating pole piece fracture at positive lug of cylindrical lithium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112611634B CN112611634B CN202011500596.3A CN202011500596A CN112611634B CN 112611634 B CN112611634 B CN 112611634B CN 202011500596 A CN202011500596 A CN 202011500596A CN 112611634 B CN112611634 B CN 112611634B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
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- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
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- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pole piece fracture evaluation method at a positive tab of a cylindrical lithium battery, which comprises the steps of measuring the fracture strength of the positive pole piece; filling liquid into the cylindrical lithium battery winding core and packaging the cylindrical lithium battery winding core in an aluminum plastic film to prepare an aluminum plastic film battery, sleeving the aluminum plastic film battery into a battery shell, performing charge-discharge cycle test on the aluminum plastic film battery, and recording and obtaining the corresponding relation between the charge-discharge cycle times and the expansion force measured by the film force sensor; and (3) comparing the breaking strength of the positive electrode plate of the S1 with the expansion force actual measurement value of the S2 or the predicted value of the corresponding relation, and evaluating the breaking risk of the electrode plate at the positive electrode lug of the cylindrical battery assembled by the cylindrical lithium battery winding core. The pole piece fracture evaluation method for the cylindrical lithium battery positive electrode lug is reasonable in steps, and the fracture risk of the positive electrode pole piece is evaluated through experiments in the early stage of battery development and design, such as material screening, so that the development period is shortened, and the later failure risk of a product is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery risk assessment, in particular to a pole piece fracture assessment method at a positive pole lug of a cylindrical lithium battery.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the energy density of the lithium ion battery, the positive electrode material is developed into NCM811 or NCA from lithium cobaltate, the negative electrode material is formed by compounding a graphite negative electrode with a graphite composite silicon material, and the addition amount of the silicon material is continuously improved. The silicon material expands in volume in the charge and discharge process, so that the pole piece and the pole lug in the cylindrical structure bear larger stress, and if the design of the battery is unreasonable, the pole piece, especially the pole lug, is broken to cause the failure of the lithium battery, because the position adjacent to the positive pole lug is the position with the lowest breaking strength of the pole piece.
The cylindrical battery core is commonly in a middle tab structure and an inner tab structure. Based on the same material system and battery structure, the inner tab can rise by 5-10mΩ compared with the middle tab DCR, and the performance degradation is brought to a certain extent, so that the common battery core can adopt the middle tab structure under the use requirement of higher performance requirement, but compared with the inner tab structure, the pole piece breaking strength at the side edge of the positive tab is the lowest in the middle tab structure winding core, and the risk of breaking is higher.
CN106405422a discloses a method for testing expansion fracture of a lithium ion battery pole piece, wherein a tensile machine is used for testing fracture force values of the pole piece and a lead, the influence of the shape of a winding core on the fracture force values is not considered, and the problem that the fracture strength of each part of the positive pole piece is different is not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a pole piece fracture evaluation method at the positive electrode lug of a cylindrical lithium battery, which is convenient for identifying risks in early battery development and design.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a pole piece fracture evaluation method at a positive electrode lug of a cylindrical lithium battery comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps that an arc surface of a pressing piece presses against a positive pole piece and a positive pole lug, the extending direction of the arc surface is consistent with the length direction of the positive pole lug, and the breaking strength of the positive pole piece is measured by stretching the two ends of the positive pole piece;
s2: the cylindrical lithium battery winding core is filled with liquid and packaged in an aluminum plastic film to prepare an aluminum plastic film battery, the aluminum plastic film battery is sleeved in a battery shell, a film force sensor is arranged between the side surface of the aluminum plastic film battery and the battery shell, a charge-discharge cycle test of the aluminum plastic film battery is performed, and the corresponding relation between the charge-discharge cycle times and the expansion force measured by the film force sensor is recorded and obtained;
s3: comparing the breaking strength of the positive electrode plate of the S1 with the expansion force actual measurement value of the S2 or the predicted value of the corresponding relation, and evaluating the breaking risk of the electrode plate at the positive electrode lug of the cylindrical battery assembled by the cylindrical lithium battery winding core;
the battery core shell-in ratio of the cylindrical battery is equal to the shell-in ratio of the assembly of the aluminum plastic film battery and the film force sensor.
The preferred technical scheme is that the radius of the arc surface in the step S1 is equal to the distance between the positive electrode lug in the cylindrical lithium battery winding core and the central axis of the winding core.
The preferable technical scheme is that the central angle of the joint surface of the positive pole piece and the pressing piece in the S1 is equal to or smaller than 180 degrees.
The preferable technical scheme is that two equally-divided planes of central angles of the joint surface of the positive pole piece and the pressing piece are intersected with the positive pole lug, and the intersection line is a length direction symmetrical line of the positive pole lug.
The preferable technical scheme is that in the step S2, the film force sensor and the positive electrode lug are overlapped and arranged on one side of a central shaft of the cylindrical lithium battery winding core.
The preferable technical scheme is that the corresponding relation between the charge and discharge cycle times and the expansion force comprises the corresponding relation between the battery materials, the electrolyte, the battery design parameters, the charge and discharge cycle times and the expansion force.
The preferable technical scheme is that the film force sensor is fixedly arranged on the surface of the aluminum-plastic film battery.
The second object of the invention is to provide a positive pole piece breaking strength testing device, which comprises a pulling machine, wherein a pole piece end fixing piece is arranged on the pulling machine, a pressing piece is arranged between the two pole piece end fixing pieces, an arc surface pressed against the positive pole piece is arranged on the pressing piece, and a pole piece guide wheel is arranged between the pressing piece and the end fixing piece.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the pole piece fracture evaluation method at the position of the positive electrode lug of the cylindrical lithium battery is reasonable in steps, the positive expansion extrusion force of the cylindrical battery core in the shell and the breaking strength of the positive electrode piece are tested, and compared and analyzed, so that the fracture risk of the positive electrode piece is evaluated through experiments in the initial stage of battery development and design, such as material screening, and the development period is shortened, and the later failure risk of the product is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the test state of the positive electrode sheet breaking strength test device of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an aluminum-plastic film battery;
in the figure: 1. A pressing piece; 2. a lower clamp; 3. a clamp is arranged; 4. pole piece guide wheels; 5. bao Moli sensor; a. a positive electrode sheet; b. a positive electrode tab; c. and a negative electrode tab.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terms "upper", "lower", "lengthwise", "widthwise", "side" used herein in the description of the present invention are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Top pressing piece
The overall shape of the pressing member is not particularly limited, and basic conditions to be satisfied are: the cylindrical lithium battery roll core is provided with an arc-shaped jacking surface, wherein the arc-shaped jacking surface is consistent with the arc side surface of the cylindrical lithium battery roll core, namely the radiuses of two end surfaces of the arc surface are consistent. In order to enable the measured breaking strength of the positive pole piece to be more accurate in the jacking state, the radius of the arc surface in the step S1 is further equal to the distance between the positive pole lug in the cylindrical lithium battery winding core and the central shaft of the winding core. Furthermore, two equally dividing planes of the central angle of the joint surface of the positive pole piece and the pressing piece are intersected with the positive pole lug, and the intersection line is a symmetrical line in the length direction of the positive pole lug. The length direction of the positive electrode lug is consistent with the axial direction of the winding core. Correspondingly, the Bao Moli sensor in the S2 and the positive electrode lug are overlapped and arranged on one side of the central shaft of the cylindrical lithium battery winding core. The structure can ensure that the stress state of the simulated positive pole piece of the aluminum-plastic film battery (the expansion force generated by the expansion of the positive pole material) is consistent with the stress state of the positive pole piece at the positive pole lug (the jacking acting force of the jacking piece) in the jacking state, and the actual measurement value of the Bao Moli sensor is more accurate.
The length direction of the positive electrode tab refers to the bidirectional direction from the first end of the positive electrode tab protruding from the pole piece to the second end of the positive electrode tab fixedly connected with the pole piece and wound in the winding core.
Battery case
The battery casing is a known casing for a cylindrical battery including, but not limited to, a known and commonly used steel casing and an aluminum casing.
The core-in-shell ratio refers to the ratio of the outer diameter of the winding core to the inner diameter of the battery case. Because the film force-sensitive sensor is arranged between the side surface of the aluminum-plastic film battery and the battery shell, the outer diameter of the roll core in the shell-in ratio is the outer diameter of the aluminum-plastic film battery and the film force-sensitive sensor assembly. Bao Moli sensor and battery case or plastic-aluminum membrane battery fixed connection, perhaps clamp locate between battery case or the plastic-aluminum membrane battery. Furthermore, in order to improve the detection precision of the Bao Moli sensor, the Bao Moli sensor is preferably fixedly connected with the side surface of the aluminum plastic film battery, and further, the fixed connection mode is preferably bonding.
The corresponding relation between the charge and discharge cycle times and the expansion force comprises the corresponding relation between the battery materials, electrolyte, battery design parameters, the charge and discharge cycle times and the expansion force, wherein the battery materials not only comprise positive electrode active materials, but also comprise all single component structural materials in the battery such as negative electrode active materials, diaphragms, current collectors and the like. The battery design parameters include, but are not limited to, cell size, housing size, placement of the positive tab, etc.
Examples
Example 1 a method for evaluating the fracture of a pole piece at the positive electrode lug of a cylindrical lithium battery comprises the following steps:
s1: as shown in fig. 1, the positive pole piece breaking strength is detected by using a positive pole piece breaking strength testing device: determining the end face radius of a straight cylindrical propping piece 1 according to the length of a positive pole piece a in a cylindrical lithium battery winding core from a winding core central shaft, propping a positive pole lug b section of the positive pole piece a on an arc surface of the propping piece 1 between a lower clamp 2 and an upper clamp 3 of a tension machine, wherein the positions of the positive pole lug b and the propping piece 1 are consistent with the position of the positive pole lug b in the winding core;
the joint surface of the pressing piece 1 and the positive pole piece a is an arc surface with a central angle of 180 degrees, and the symmetrical line of the positive pole lug b in the length direction coincides with two equally divided planes of the central angle of the joint surface; the two sides of the top pressing piece 1 are provided with pole piece guide wheels 4, the pole piece guide wheels 4 guide the two ends of the positive pole piece a into a lower clamp 2 and an upper clamp 3 of the tension machine, the upper clamp 3 is stretched upwards until the positive pole piece a on the side edge of the positive pole lug b breaks, and the breaking strength F1 of the positive pole piece a is measured;
s2: as shown in fig. 2, a cylindrical lithium battery roll core (shown by a dotted line in fig. 2) is filled with liquid and encapsulated in an aluminum plastic film to prepare an aluminum plastic film battery, and a positive electrode tab b and a negative electrode tab c are led out of the aluminum plastic film battery; the Bao Moli sensor 5 is adhered to the side face of the aluminum-plastic film battery, the positive electrode lug b and the Bao Moli sensor 5 in the aluminum-plastic film battery are overlapped and arranged on one side of the central shaft of the winding core, the aluminum-plastic film battery is sleeved into the battery shell, the aluminum-plastic film battery is subjected to charge-discharge cyclic test, and the measured expansion force F2 measured by the film force sensor 5 is recorded; changing the cylindrical lithium battery winding core sample, for example, changing the anode material in the winding core, so as to measure the expansion force values of different anode materials;
s3: taking one of the charge-discharge cycle coefficient and the expansion force measured by the film force sensor as an abscissa and the other as an ordinate, making a corresponding graph of the cell expansion force and the battery charge-discharge cycle number, namely a corresponding relation, analyzing the corresponding graph to obtain an expansion force change (increase) trend along with the increase of the battery charge-discharge cycle number, and further predicting an expansion force value F3 during EOL (battery comprehensive test); the expansion force generally increases linearly.
S4: and comparing the breaking strength F1 of the positive electrode plate with an actual measurement value F2 and a predicted value F3 of the expansion force, and evaluating the breaking risk of the positive electrode plate lug of the cylindrical battery obtained by assembling the cylindrical lithium battery winding core in S2 based on the same shell-in ratio as the aluminum plastic film battery-film force sensitive sensor assembly, for example, the breaking risk of the positive electrode plate with different materials and different design parameters, which causes the failure of the battery core. Specific:
(1) F2 and F3 are equal to or larger than F1, the risk of breaking the positive pole piece exists, or the risk of breaking the positive pole piece is high;
(2) F2 and F3 are smaller than F1, so that the fracture risk of the positive electrode plate is low.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for evaluating the breakage of the pole piece at the positive electrode lug of the cylindrical lithium battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the method comprises the steps that an arc surface of a pressing piece presses against a positive pole piece and a positive pole lug, the extending direction of the arc surface is consistent with the length direction of the positive pole lug, and the breaking strength of the positive pole piece is measured by stretching the two ends of the positive pole piece;
s2: the cylindrical lithium battery winding core is filled with liquid and packaged in an aluminum plastic film to prepare an aluminum plastic film battery, the aluminum plastic film battery is sleeved in a battery shell, a film force sensor is arranged between the side surface of the aluminum plastic film battery and the battery shell, a charge-discharge cycle test of the aluminum plastic film battery is performed, and the corresponding relation between the charge-discharge cycle times and the expansion force measured by the film force sensor is recorded and obtained;
s3: comparing the breaking strength of the positive electrode plate of the S1 with the expansion force actual measurement value of the S2 or the predicted value of the corresponding relation, and evaluating the breaking risk of the electrode plate at the positive electrode lug of the cylindrical battery assembled by the cylindrical lithium battery winding core;
the battery core shell-in ratio of the cylindrical battery is equal to the shell-in ratio of the assembly of the aluminum plastic film battery and the film force sensor.
2. The method for evaluating the breakage of the pole piece at the positive pole lug of the cylindrical lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the radius of the arc surface in the step S1 is equal to the distance between the positive pole lug in the cylindrical lithium battery winding core and the central axis of the winding core.
3. The method for evaluating the breakage of the pole piece at the positive tab of the cylindrical lithium battery according to claim 2, wherein the central angle of the joint surface of the positive pole piece and the pressing piece in the step S1 is equal to or smaller than 180 degrees.
4. The method for evaluating the breakage of the pole piece at the positive electrode lug of the cylindrical lithium battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein two equally divided planes of central angles of joint surfaces of the positive electrode pole piece and the pressing piece are intersected with the positive electrode lug, and the intersection line is a length direction symmetrical line of the positive electrode lug.
5. The method for evaluating the breakage of a pole piece at the positive electrode tab of a cylindrical lithium battery according to claim 4, wherein the thin film force sensor in S2 and the positive electrode tab are overlapped and arranged on one side of a central axis of the cylindrical lithium battery winding core.
6. The method for evaluating the breakage of the pole piece at the positive electrode tab of the cylindrical lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the correspondence between the charge-discharge cycle number and the expansion force comprises correspondence between battery materials, electrolyte, battery design parameters, the charge-discharge cycle number and the expansion force.
7. The method for evaluating the breakage of the pole piece at the positive electrode lug of the cylindrical lithium battery according to claim 1, wherein the thin film force sensor is fixedly arranged on the surface of the aluminum-plastic film battery.
8. The positive pole piece breaking strength testing device is characterized by comprising a tension machine, wherein a pole piece end fixing piece is arranged on the tension machine, a pressing piece is arranged between the two pole piece end fixing pieces, an arc surface pressed against the positive pole piece is arranged on the pressing piece, and a pole piece guide wheel is arranged between the pressing piece and the end fixing piece.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105244506A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-13 | 青岛领军节能与新材料研究院 | Lithium-ion battery material and lithium-ion battery structure and preparation method of lithium-ion battery material |
| CN106405422A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-02-15 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery pole piece expanding fracture test method |
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| CN101587045B (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2011-11-16 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method for evaluating brittle damage of electrode slice of lithium ion battery |
| CN103441307A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-12-11 | 深圳市格瑞普电池有限公司 | Preparation method of laminated lithium ion battery and laminated lithium ion battery |
| CN103682455B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2016-02-24 | 天津赫维科技有限公司 | Evaluate and test the manufacture method with square-circle core lithium-ion battery with aluminium plastic film |
| CN206627377U (en) * | 2017-02-26 | 2017-11-10 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Detection apparatus for electrode slice coating pliability of lithium ion battery |
| CN108279161B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-05-03 | 深圳市博盛新材料有限公司 | Stacked lithium ion battery diaphragm simulation on Mechanical test macro |
| CN109238610A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2019-01-18 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | A kind of lithium battery pole welding strength appraisal procedure |
| CN211122308U (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-07-28 | 恒大新能源技术(深圳)有限公司 | Battery diaphragm tensile strength detection device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106405422A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-02-15 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery pole piece expanding fracture test method |
| CN105244506A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2016-01-13 | 青岛领军节能与新材料研究院 | Lithium-ion battery material and lithium-ion battery structure and preparation method of lithium-ion battery material |
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