CN112230160B - Method and device for testing short circuit positioning in battery cell - Google Patents

Method and device for testing short circuit positioning in battery cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112230160B
CN112230160B CN202011003950.1A CN202011003950A CN112230160B CN 112230160 B CN112230160 B CN 112230160B CN 202011003950 A CN202011003950 A CN 202011003950A CN 112230160 B CN112230160 B CN 112230160B
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China
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battery cell
short circuit
preset
tested
clamping piece
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CN112230160A (en
Inventor
崔义
方彦彦
邢朝建
方升
余章龙
史冬
郭志敏
沈雪玲
唐玲
云凤玲
张杭
张潇华
苏立昌
闫坤
张莹
张明
张向军
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China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co Ltd
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China Automotive Battery Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery safety detection, and provides a method and a device for testing short circuit positioning in a battery cell. The test method for the short circuit positioning in the battery cell comprises the following steps: the cell to be tested is fixed under the action of preset pressure; the battery cell to be tested performs charge-discharge circulation under a preset multiplying power to excite a site of short circuit in the battery cell to be tested; detecting whether a short circuit occurs at the site. The utility model provides a testing arrangement of short circuit location in electric core, includes first clamping piece, second clamping piece and is used for connecting the fastener of first clamping piece and second clamping piece, and first clamping piece is located the top of second clamping piece, and the lower surface of first clamping piece sets up first pressure test paper, and first pressure test paper is used for covering the electric core that awaits measuring, lays the second pressure test paper on the second clamping piece, is used for placing the electric core that awaits measuring on the second pressure test paper. According to the method and the device for testing the internal short circuit positioning of the battery cell, the state of the battery cell in the actual use process is simulated, and the position of the battery cell to be tested, where the internal short circuit occurs, is found through nondestructive detection.

Description

Method and device for testing short circuit positioning in battery cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery safety detection, in particular to a method and a device for testing short circuit positioning in a battery cell.
Background
The safety problem of lithium ion batteries has been a concern, especially in vehicle-mounted lithium ion batteries. External extreme abuse conditions, internal short circuits are a major cause of thermal runaway in batteries. The test method for simulating the internal short circuit of the battery comprises a needling test, a blunt needle test, a round bar impact test and the like. In addition, there are some methods for activating short circuit in the battery, including extrusion test after the battery cell is internally provided with impurities, post-heating after the battery cell is internally provided with low-melting-point metal, heating after the battery cell is internally provided with memory alloy, and the like. The triggering method of the phase change material and the shape memory alloy can well control the type and the position of the internal short circuit, and the method has good repeatability but complex operation; the triggering mode of manually inducing dendrite growth can simulate the self-induced internal short circuit in actual accidents at best, but has poor controllability; therefore, the method has a far difference from the actual situation or has complicated operation and high cost.
The method is used for detecting the internal short circuit of the battery by forcing, and the actual situation is often thermal runaway caused by the internal short circuit of the battery in the actual use process, so that the method is difficult to accurately detect the thermal runaway caused by the internal short circuit of the battery in the actual use process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a test method for positioning the short circuit in the battery cell, which simulates the state of the battery cell in the actual use process and finds the position of the battery cell to be tested, which is subjected to the internal short circuit, through nondestructive detection.
The invention also provides a testing device for positioning the short circuit in the battery cell.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, a method for testing short circuit positioning in a battery cell comprises the following steps:
the cell to be tested is fixed under the action of preset pressure;
the battery cell to be tested performs charge-discharge circulation under a preset multiplying power to excite a site of short circuit in the battery cell to be tested;
detecting whether a short circuit occurs at the site.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the location is a local location of a temperature and/or pressure change of the cell to be tested.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the local position of the pressure change of the battery cell to be tested is measured by paving pressure test paper on the surface of the battery cell to be tested.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the site is tested for the occurrence of a short circuit by performing a blunt test on the site.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the step of blunt stick testing:
the extrusion head extrudes the locus at a preset extrusion speed at a preset extrusion force until the extrusion deformation reaches a preset deformation or the voltage of the locus drops by a preset voltage.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the extrusion deformation reaches a preset deformation, the voltage drop of the locus is smaller than the preset voltage, and then the locus is not short-circuited;
and if the extrusion deformation amount does not reach the preset deformation amount, the voltage of the locus is reduced by the preset voltage, and then the locus is short-circuited.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preset extrusion force is in the range of 300N to 2000N and the preset extrusion speed is in the range of 0.015mm/s to 0.5mm/s.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the battery cell to be tested is subjected to charge-discharge cycles for a preset number of times at a preset multiplying power, and the preset multiplying power is larger than the multiplying power of normal operation of the battery cell to be tested.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the preset pressure is set according to the compression force of the battery cell to be tested after the battery cell is assembled to form a battery.
An embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention provides a test device for positioning a short circuit in a battery cell, which is configured to execute the test method for positioning a short circuit in a battery cell in the above embodiment, and includes a first clamping member, a second clamping member, and a fastener for connecting the first clamping member and the second clamping member, where the first clamping member is located above the second clamping member, a first pressure test paper is disposed on a lower surface of the first clamping member, the first pressure test paper is used for covering the battery cell to be tested, a second pressure test paper is laid on the second clamping member, and the second pressure test paper is used for placing the battery cell to be tested.
The above technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:
the test method for the short circuit positioning in the battery cell comprises the steps that the battery cell to be tested is fixed under the action of preset pressure; the battery cell to be tested performs charge-discharge circulation under a preset multiplying power to excite a site of short circuit in the battery cell to be tested; detecting whether a short circuit occurs at the site; and the state of the battery cell to be tested in actual application is combined, the battery cell to be tested is charged and discharged, the battery cell to be tested in the charging and discharging process is detected, so that the short circuit site of the battery cell to be tested is excited, the condition of internal short circuit in the actual use process of the battery cell is simulated in the testing process, the operation is simple and convenient, the degree of fit with the actual condition is high, and the further research on the battery cell to be tested with the internal short circuit is facilitated.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test method for positioning a short circuit in a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing device for positioning a short circuit in a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an oblique upper view angle of a testing device for positioning a short circuit in a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1: a first clamping member; 2: a second clamping member; 3: a fastener; 4: a first pressure test paper; 5: a second pressure test paper; 6: a cell to be tested; 61: a positive electrode; 62: a negative electrode; 7: and a charge-discharge member.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" on a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
An embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, provides a method for testing positioning of a short circuit in a battery cell, including:
s1, fixing the battery cell to be tested under the action of preset pressure.
In step S1, the preset pressure can be set according to the requirement so as to simulate various installation conditions.
S2, the battery cell to be tested performs charge-discharge circulation under the preset multiplying power to excite the site of the short circuit in the battery cell to be tested.
In step S2, in combination with the state of the to-be-tested battery cell in practical application, the to-be-tested battery cell is charged and discharged, and the to-be-tested battery cell in the charging and discharging process is detected, so as to excite the short circuit site of the to-be-tested battery cell. Compared with the prior art, the method for detecting the internal short circuit of the battery cell by forcing is adopted, the internal short circuit condition of the battery cell in the actual use process is simulated, the operation is simple and convenient, the fit degree with the actual condition is high, and the test of the soft-package battery and the hard-shell battery is applicable.
S3, detecting whether the locus is short-circuited.
After the short circuit site is obtained through the step S2, whether the site is short-circuited is further confirmed through the step S3, and the detection accuracy is ensured.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the condition of internal short circuit of the battery cell to be tested in the actual use process is mainly simulated, the position of the battery cell to be tested, where the internal short circuit occurs, is found through nondestructive detection, and then excitation of the internal short circuits with different degrees is carried out to study the difference of the safety of the battery cell to be tested.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the location is a local location of a temperature and/or pressure change of the cell to be measured.
When the cell is internally short-circuited, thermal runaway of the cell can be caused, and the position of the cell to be detected, namely the position of the cell to be detected, which is internally short-circuited, can be directly obtained through temperature monitoring of the cell to be detected.
Meanwhile, when the battery cell is internally shorted, thermal runaway of the battery cell can be caused, the temperature rise can cause the local position of the battery cell to be detected to bulge, the temperature rise also causes gas to be generated in the battery cell to be detected, and the pressure of the shorted position in the battery cell to be detected can also be increased, so that the position of the battery cell to be detected, where the internal short circuit occurs, can be obtained through pressure monitoring of the battery cell to be detected, namely, a position is obtained through the pressure.
Of course, the temperature and the pressure of the battery cell to be detected can be detected simultaneously, and double detection is helpful for improving the accuracy of the detection of the alignment point.
The temperature can be measured through a thermal imager to obtain the surface temperature change of the battery cell to be measured, and according to the data measured by the thermal imager, the local position of the temperature rise is obtained, and the local position is the site where the internal short circuit occurs.
In one embodiment, the local position of the pressure change of the cell to be measured is measured by laying pressure test paper on the surface of the cell to be measured. When the local pressure of the cell to be tested is increased, the position corresponding to the pressure test paper is subjected to color change, so that the site can be intuitively obtained, and the site can be conveniently further detected.
In one embodiment, in step S3, a blunt test is performed on the sites to detect if a short circuit has occurred at the sites. The blunt test is used for detecting whether the internal short circuit occurs at the position point or not, and the internal structure of the battery cell to be tested is not interfered.
Wherein, the step of the blunt test:
the extrusion head extrudes the site at a preset extrusion speed at a preset extrusion force until the extrusion deformation reaches a preset deformation or the voltage of the site drops by a preset voltage.
It can be understood that when the extrusion head extrudes the site, if the extrusion deformation reaches the preset deformation, the extrusion head can be stopped to continue extrusion; if the voltage of the extruded position point is reduced to the preset voltage, the extrusion head can be stopped to continue extrusion.
In the blunt test, the extrusion head is used for pressurizing the surface of the battery cell to be tested, the extrusion acting force is preset extrusion force, the range of the preset extrusion force is 300N-2000N, the extrusion head moves towards the inside of the battery cell to be tested at the preset extrusion speed, the range of the preset extrusion speed is 0.015 mm/s-0.5 mm/s, and the preset extrusion speed is as slow as possible so as to reduce the influence of the extrusion head on the battery cell to be tested.
In one embodiment, if the extrusion deformation reaches a preset deformation, the voltage drop of the site is still smaller than the preset voltage, and the site is not shorted, the continuous extrusion can be stopped. If the extrusion deformation amount does not reach the preset deformation amount, the voltage of the locus is reduced by the preset voltage, the locus is short-circuited, and continuous extrusion can be stopped. The preset voltage and the preset deformation of different battery cells to be tested can be obtained through tests. In general, when the extrusion deformation amount reaches a preset deformation amount, the voltage of the site is reduced to reach a preset voltage, and at this time, whether the site is short-circuited cannot be obtained.
The preset voltage can be 2mV, the preset deformation can be 2mm, and the preset deformation can be used as a detection parameter of the soft package battery.
That is, the extrusion deformation amount reaches 2mm, the voltage of the sites still does not reach 2mV, and the sites are not shorted; if the extrusion deformation amount is less than 2mm and the voltage of the site is 2mV, the site is short-circuited. Of course, whether a short circuit has occurred at the point of temperature and/or pressure change can also be detected by other means, such as a round bar impact test.
In one embodiment, the battery cell to be tested is subjected to charge-discharge cycles for a preset number of times under a preset multiplying power, and the preset multiplying power is larger than the multiplying power of normal operation of the battery cell to be tested, so that the short circuit in the battery cell to be tested is rapidly excited, and the detection time can be saved.
The range of the preset multiplying power is 2-3C, and the normal running multiplying power of the battery cell to be tested is generally 1-1.5C. The preset times are 50 to 100 weeks.
In one embodiment, the preset pressure is set according to the pressed force of the battery formed by assembling the battery cells to be tested, and the preset pressure is closer to the use state of the battery cells to be tested, so that the detection result is more accurate.
The test method for positioning short circuit in the battery cell according to one embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps of
S1, providing preset pressure for a cell to be tested by using a clamp formed by combining a first clamping piece, a second clamping piece and a fastener, wherein the preset pressure is regulated by the pre-tightening acting force of the fastener, and the pre-tightening torque of the fastener ranges from 1.5 Nm to 2Nm;
s2, the battery cell to be tested is subjected to cyclic charge and discharge, the range of the multiplying power of charge and discharge is 2-3 ℃, the charge and discharge cycle is free from interval, and the cycle test is 50-100 weeks;
s3, performing a stab test, wherein the diameter of a used extrusion head is 5mm, the pressure range is controlled to be 400 N+/-10N, the extrusion speed is controlled to be 0.1mm/S, the displacement control precision is +/-0.1 mm, the cut-off condition is that the voltage is reduced by 2mV, and the extrusion maximum deformation is 2mm; wherein, the pressure measurement range of the pressure measurement paper for measuring the pressure change of the surface of the battery cell to be measured is 0.05 Mpa-0.2 Mpa.
According to the testing method, after the pressure test paper is arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the battery cell, uninterrupted high-rate charge and discharge are carried out in the fixture for fixing torque, internal short circuit sites in the battery cell to be tested are excited, the internal short circuit sites are positioned by rapidly highlighting the change of the surface pressure of the battery cell to be tested, whether the internal short circuit occurs is confirmed by a blunt-thorn testing method, so that the defect position of the battery cell to be tested is rapidly judged, the operation is simple, the detection accuracy is high, and further research on the battery cell to be tested with the internal short circuit is facilitated.
An embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, provides a testing device for positioning a short circuit in a battery cell, which is used for executing the testing method for positioning the short circuit in the battery cell in the above embodiment, and includes a first clamping member 1, a second clamping member 2, and a fastener 3 for connecting the first clamping member 1 and the second clamping member 2, where the first clamping member 1 is located above the second clamping member 2, a first pressure test paper 4 is disposed on a lower surface of the first clamping member 1, the first pressure test paper 4 is used for covering the battery cell 6 to be tested, a second pressure test paper 5 is laid on the second clamping member 2, and the second pressure test paper 5 is used for placing the battery cell 6 to be tested.
The first clamping piece 1 and the second clamping piece 2 are combined to be used for clamping the battery cell 6 to be tested, the first pressure test paper 4 and the second pressure test paper 5 are fixed simultaneously, the fastener 3 connecting the first clamping piece 1 and the second clamping piece 2 is used for providing pretightening force for the battery cell 6 to be tested, the pretightening force can be achieved through screwing or loosening the fastener 3, and the operation is simple and convenient. The first pressure test paper 4 and the second pressure test paper 5 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the battery cell 6 to be tested, so that the pressure change of the upper surface and the lower surface of the battery cell 6 to be tested can be comprehensively detected.
The fastener 3 may be a bolt, a nut, a screw, or the like.
A charging and discharging component 7 is connected between the positive electrode 61 and the negative electrode 62 of the battery cell 6 to be tested so as to charge and discharge the battery cell 6 to be tested.
Of course, in the test method of short circuit positioning in the battery cell, the preset pressure of the battery cell to be tested can be achieved through a weight or a hydraulic pressing structure and the like.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not limiting of the present invention. While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The method for testing the short circuit positioning in the battery cell is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the cell to be tested is fixed under the action of preset pressure;
the battery cell to be tested is subjected to charge-discharge circulation under a preset multiplying power to excite a site of short circuit in the battery cell to be tested, wherein the range of the preset multiplying power is 2-3C;
detecting whether a short circuit occurs at the site;
the site is a local position of temperature and/or pressure change of the battery cell to be tested;
and the local position of the pressure change of the battery cell to be measured is measured by paving pressure test paper on the surface of the battery cell to be measured.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the test for in-cell short circuit location is performed by performing a blunt test on the sites to detect whether a short circuit has occurred at the sites.
3. The method for testing the positioning of a short circuit in a cell according to claim 2, wherein the step of blunt test:
the extrusion head extrudes the locus at a preset extrusion speed at a preset extrusion force until the extrusion deformation reaches a preset deformation or the voltage of the locus drops by a preset voltage.
4. The method for testing the positioning of the electrical short circuit in the electrical core according to claim 3, wherein the extrusion deformation reaches a preset deformation, the voltage drop of the site is smaller than the preset voltage, and the site is not shorted;
and if the extrusion deformation amount does not reach the preset deformation amount, the voltage of the locus is reduced by the preset voltage, and then the locus is short-circuited.
5. The method for testing the positioning of the internal short circuit of the battery cell according to claim 3, wherein the preset extrusion force ranges from 300N to 2000N, and the preset extrusion speed ranges from 0.015mm/s to 0.5mm/s.
6. The method for testing the positioning of the internal short circuit of the battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the battery cell to be tested is subjected to charge-discharge cycles for a preset number of times at a preset rate, and the preset rate is greater than the rate of normal operation of the battery cell to be tested.
7. The method for testing the positioning of a short circuit in a battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the preset pressure is set according to a compression force applied after the battery cell to be tested is assembled to form a battery.
8. The device for testing the short circuit positioning in the battery cell is characterized by comprising a first clamping piece, a second clamping piece and a fastener for connecting the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece, wherein the first clamping piece is positioned above the second clamping piece, a first pressure test paper is arranged on the lower surface of the first clamping piece and used for covering the battery cell to be tested, a second pressure test paper is paved on the second clamping piece, and the battery cell to be tested is placed on the second pressure test paper.
CN202011003950.1A 2020-09-22 2020-09-22 Method and device for testing short circuit positioning in battery cell Active CN112230160B (en)

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