CN112610158B - Intelligent vertical drilling system and drilling method - Google Patents
Intelligent vertical drilling system and drilling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112610158B CN112610158B CN202011469286.XA CN202011469286A CN112610158B CN 112610158 B CN112610158 B CN 112610158B CN 202011469286 A CN202011469286 A CN 202011469286A CN 112610158 B CN112610158 B CN 112610158B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/10—Correction of deflected boreholes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent vertical drilling system and a drilling method, belonging to the field of petroleum engineering, wherein the intelligent vertical drilling system comprises an upper drilling tool, a flexible short section, an intelligent vertical drilling tool, a middle drilling tool unit, a centralizer and a drill bit which are sequentially connected, the intelligent vertical drilling tool is arranged away from the drill bit and is provided with a thrust body, the thrust body has a telescopic function, the intelligent vertical drilling tool can judge the well deviation condition by utilizing gravity so as to control the thrust body to stretch and exert a pushing force, when the well deviation exists, the thrust body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool outputs the pushing force pointing to the lower side of a well hole, the centralizer is used as a fulcrum to exert the pushing force on the drill bit, so that the drill bit bears the force pointing to the lower side of the well hole to generate well wall cutting, so as to reduce the deviation and achieve the effect of improving the deviation-proof straightening The triple aims of prolonging the service life of a vertical drilling system and accelerating the vertical drilling technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum engineering, and particularly relates to an intelligent vertical drilling system and a drilling method.
Background
The problem of anti-deviation straightening of a vertical well section of a vertical well and a directional well is always a hot research problem in the drilling field. With the increasing drilling depth, the expectation for solving this problem is increasing. The existing anti-deviation straightening method is mainly based on the conventional anti-deviation straightening drilling tool combination and an automatic vertical drilling system. The conventional anti-inclination straightening drilling tool combination mainly comprises a tower drilling tool, a pendulum drilling tool, a full-hole drilling tool, an off-axis drilling tool, an eccentric double-center spiral stabilizer anti-inclination drilling tool and the like, wherein the drilling tools are also called as 'passive anti-inclination tools', and field application results show that the inclination reducing capability of the drilling tool is difficult to meet the requirements of deep wells, complex wells, high and steep structures and large-inclination-angle strata, and the drilling speed is seriously hindered by taking the sacrifice of the drilling pressure as a condition. The automatic vertical drilling system mainly comprises a Power V system of Schlumberger company, a Vertitak system of Baker Hughes Inteq company, a ZEB system of Germany intelligent company and the like, the well deviation control effect of the tools is greatly improved compared with that of a conventional deviation-preventing and straightening drilling tool combination, but the tool also shows a series of problems in the use process, and the following main problems exist: (1) when drilling in a difficult-to-drill stratum, the service life of the tool is difficult to meet the field requirement, and the tool is mainly seriously abraded; (2) the anti-slant straightening effect is not ideal enough in high and steep structures and other strata, and is to be further promoted; (3) the phenomenon that the thrust force applying wing ribs are stuck into the well wall so that the bit pressure cannot be applied and the inclined and straight drilling cannot be prevented exists; (4) there is still a large lifting space for the drilling speed, but when using this kind of tool, if a speed raising tool and other tools are added between the tool and the drill bit, the effect of anti-deviation straightening will be affected, and if a speed raising tool is added above the tool, the life of the anti-deviation straightening tool will be further reduced. The focus of solving the tool life problem is to optimize materials and structures; the method for solving the problem of poor anti-oblique straightening effect is to improve the pushing force of the tool; the method for solving the problem that the wing ribs bite into the well wall is to optimize the structure and the properties of the wing ribs, however, the method for solving the problem that the tool service life and the wing ribs bite into the well wall are limited by using the method of optimizing materials and structures, and the larger problems, such as increased tool abrasion and increased wing rib penetration degree, exist by increasing the pushing force of the tool and improving the anti-deviation straightening effect. Therefore, in order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an intelligent vertical drilling system and a drilling method, which can realize long service life, high quality and high speed slant drilling prevention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an intelligent vertical drilling system and a drilling method, the intelligent vertical drilling method utilizes a thrust wing rib far away from a drill bit to push against a lower well wall, and utilizes a centralizer above the drill bit as a fulcrum to apply an acting force pointing to the lower well wall to the drill bit, so that the inclined drilling is prevented from being straightened, and the triple targets of improving the inclined drilling prevention effect, prolonging the service life of the vertical drilling system and accelerating the vertical drilling technology are achieved.
The intelligent vertical drilling system comprises an upper drilling tool, a flexible short section, an intelligent vertical drilling tool, a middle drilling tool unit, a centralizer and a drill bit which are sequentially connected, wherein a thrust body is arranged on the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body can achieve a telescopic function under the action of drilling fluid, and the intelligent vertical drilling tool can judge the well deviation condition by utilizing gravity, so that the thrust body is controlled to be telescopic to apply a pushing force to perform deviation reduction and straightening.
Furthermore, a bias weight unit and a flow channel control unit are arranged in the intelligent vertical drilling tool, when well deviation occurs, the gravity side of the bias weight unit can turn to the lower side of a well hole, the flow channel control unit is connected with the bias weight unit through a key, a V-shaped flow channel groove is formed in the flow channel control unit and is communicated with a drilling fluid flow channel in the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body is communicated with the V-shaped flow channel groove, and the V-shaped flow channel groove and the gravity side of the bias weight unit are located in the same direction.
Furthermore, the intelligent vertical drilling tool comprises an outer cylinder body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, a weight bias unit, a flow channel control unit and a thrust body, wherein the outer cylinder body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool comprises a tool upper joint, a tool shell and a thrust body female shell, the thrust body female shell is a cylinder with three telescopic wing ribs uniformly distributed in the middle in the circumferential direction, the outer diameter of the cylinder is the same as the outer diameter of the tool shell and the outer diameter of the tool upper joint, a thrust body mounting hole is formed in the centroid of the top end of each wing rib, the thrust body is limited in the thrust body mounting hole through a thrust body limiting ring, a circular hole is formed in the center of the thrust body, a flow discharge nozzle is arranged at the circular hole close to the annular end of the well hole, a through hole communicated with the inside of the intelligent vertical drilling tool is formed in the top end of a straight edge bulge of the thrust body female shell, and the circular hole in the center of the thrust body is communicated with the through hole in the thrust body female shell.
Furthermore, the thrust body is a combination of two cylinders with different diameters, the diameter of the larger diameter part is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of a cylindrical hole at the top end of a straight edge bulge of the female shell of the thrust body, a sealing element is arranged between the larger diameter part and the cylindrical hole, the smaller diameter part is used for being matched with the thrust body limiting ring, and the top end of the smaller diameter part is used for providing pushing force for the intelligent vertical drilling system; the eccentric weight unit comprises an upper protective cap, an upper bearing supporting seat, an upper bearing, an eccentric weight shaft, a weight, a lower bearing supporting seat, a lower bearing and a lower fixing nut cap, wherein the upper part of the eccentric weight shaft is arranged on the tool shell through the upper bearing, an upper bearing mounting seat and the upper protective cap, the lower part of the eccentric weight shaft is arranged on the tool shell through the lower bearing, a lower bearing mounting seat flow channel control unit and the lower fixing nut cap, the lower part of the eccentric weight shaft is connected with the flow channel control unit through a key structure, and the weight is arranged on the eccentric weight side of the eccentric weight shaft.
Furthermore, the upper part of the outer side of the tool upper joint is a cylindrical surface, the lower part of the outer side of the tool upper joint is a tool shell connecting buckle, the tool shell connecting buckle is used for connecting a tool shell, and the inner side of the tool upper joint is sequentially provided with a drilling tool connecting buckle, an inner circular hole of the upper joint and a flow expansion conical surface from top to bottom; the drilling tool connecting buckle is connected with the flexible short section; the tool shell is a cylindrical shell, the outer diameter of the tool shell is the same as that of the upper joint cylindrical surface of the tool, the inner side of the tool shell is sequentially provided with an upper joint connecting buckle of the tool from top to bottom, an upper bearing support seat mounting surface, an overflowing cylindrical surface, a lower bearing support seat mounting surface and a thrust body female shell connecting buckle, the upper joint connecting buckle of the tool is used for connecting the upper joint of the tool, the upper bearing support seat mounting surface is the same as that of the lower bearing support seat mounting surface, the upper bearing support seat mounting surface is larger than the diameter of the overflowing cylindrical surface, the upper bearing support seat mounting surface is used for mounting an upper bearing support seat, the lower bearing support seat mounting surface is used for mounting a lower bearing support seat, and the thrust body female shell connecting buckle is used for connecting a thrust body female shell.
Furthermore, the upper part of the eccentric weight shaft is an upper shaft part, the middle part of the eccentric weight shaft is an eccentric weight part, and the lower part of the eccentric weight shaft is a lower shaft part; the top end of the upper shaft part is provided with an upper thread; the weight bias part is an outer key structure with a key block, the overall outer diameter of the weight bias part is slightly smaller than the diameter of the overflowing cylindrical surface of the tool shell, the top end of the key block is provided with a plurality of holes along the key axis direction, and weighting blocks are arranged in the holes; the upper end of the lower shaft part is provided with a flat key groove, the middle part is provided with a centering shaft, the bottom end is provided with a pressing thread, the pressing thread at the bottom end of the lower shaft part is used for connecting a lower fixing nut cap, the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft is in clearance fit with an inner circular hole of an upper bearing support seat, and an upper protection cap is in threaded connection with the upper shaft part at the top of the eccentric shaft; an upper bearing is arranged between the upper protective cap and the upper bearing support seat; the lower part of the upper protective cap is a cylinder, the upper part of the upper protective cap is an arc cone, the upper part of the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft is in clearance fit with the lower bearing support seat, the flow channel control unit is installed on the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft, and after the flow channel control unit and the eccentric shaft are installed, the V-shaped flow channel groove and the outer key structure of the eccentric part of the eccentric shaft are located at the same position.
Furthermore, the upper bearing support seat is of a cylindrical structure, and the outer diameter of the upper bearing support seat is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting surface of the upper bearing support seat; the upper bearing support seat is provided with a support seat inner circular hole along the axis direction, the upper bearing support seat is uniformly provided with three arc-shaped holes along the circumferential direction, the diameter of the support seat inner circular hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft, the upper bearing support seat is used for supporting and righting the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft, the lower bearing support seat and the upper bearing support seat are identical in structure, and two step surfaces formed by an upper bearing support seat mounting surface, a lower bearing support seat mounting surface and an overflowing cylindrical surface are respectively used for positioning the upper bearing support seat and the lower bearing support seat in the tool shell.
Furthermore, the flow channel control unit is a flow channel control body, the outer part of the flow channel control body is provided with a combination of two cylindrical surfaces, the diameter of the upper section cylindrical surface is smaller than that of the lower section cylindrical surface, the lower section cylindrical surface is provided with a V-shaped flow channel groove, the top end of the V-shaped flow channel groove is communicated with the drilling fluid flow channel of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the upper end of the inside of the flow channel control body is provided with a positioning key, the lower part of the inside of the flow channel control body is provided with a centering hole of the flow channel control body, and the positioning key is used for being matched with a flat key groove at the upper end of the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft to determine the positions of the eccentric shaft and the flow channel control body.
Furthermore, the intelligent vertical drilling tool is arranged in an up-down inverted manner relative to the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body female shell is connected with the flexible short section, the tool upper joint is connected with the middle drilling tool unit, the thrust body female shell, the tool shell and the tool upper joint are sequentially connected to form an outer cylinder body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body is arranged on the thrust body female shell, the eccentric weight unit is arranged above the flow channel control unit, and the thrust body female shell, the tool shell and the tool upper joint are connected through a key.
A method of drilling a well using an intelligent vertical drilling system, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: according to the track control requirement, calculating and acquiring the length of the flexible short section, the distance from the flexible short section to the thrust body, the distance from the thrust body to the centralizer and the distance from the centralizer to the drill bit according to a pipe column mechanics theory;
and 3, performing vertical drilling operation according to the designed drilling scheme, wherein the vertical drilling operation method specifically comprises the following steps: when the drilling well has no well deviation, the intelligent vertical drilling system does not provide force for the drill bit or force with uniform circumferential action, and the drilling trend is not changed; when a drilling well has a deviation, the deviation side of a deviation unit of the intelligent vertical drilling tool points to the lower side of the well hole due to the action of gravity, so that a V-shaped runner groove of a runner control unit is positioned in the direction of the lower side of the well hole, a thrust body extends out of a thrust body female shell to apply thrust pointing to the high side of the well hole to the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust is converted by a centralizer and is converted into thrust of a drill bit pointing to the lower side of the well hole, and the thrust in the conversion process is amplified, so that the deviation-preventing straightening function is exerted.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the anti-oblique straightening capability is greatly improved;
2) under the same pushing force at the drill bit, the working output force intensity of the intelligent vertical drilling tool is greatly reduced, so that the service life of the intelligent vertical drilling tool is prolonged;
3) the aim of improving the vertical drilling speed is fulfilled;
4) and a near-bit measuring tool is arranged on the near-bit, so that the target of near-bit parameter measurement can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent vertical drilling system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent vertical drilling tool of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the intelligent vertical drilling system;
FIG. 4 is a B-B cross-sectional view of the intelligent vertical drilling system;
FIG. 5 is a C-C section view of the intelligent vertical drilling system;
FIG. 6 is a force analysis diagram of the intelligent vertical drilling system of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a force analysis diagram of a conventional automatic vertical drilling system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
FIG. 1 shows an intelligent vertical drilling system comprising: upper portion drilling tool 001, flexible nipple 002, intelligent vertical drilling tool 003, middle part drilling tool unit 004, centralizer 005 and drill bit 006, upper portion drilling tool 001, flexible nipple 002, intelligent vertical drilling tool 003, middle part drilling tool unit 004, centralizer 005 and drill bit 006 connect gradually.
The centralizer 005 is preferably a rotatable shell centralizer.
In the intelligent vertical drilling system, the length of the flexible short section 002, the distance from the flexible short section 002 to the thrust body 10, the distance from the thrust body 10 to the centralizer 005 and the distance from the centralizer 005 to the drill bit 006 need to be calculated and obtained according to the pipe column mechanics theory;
the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003 is arranged away from the drill bit 006, the thrust body 10 is arranged on the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003, the thrust body 10 has a telescopic function, the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003 can judge the well deviation condition by using gravity, so that the thrust body is controlled to be telescopic to apply the thrust force, when the well deviation exists, the thrust body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003 outputs the thrust force pointing to the lower side of the well bore, the centralizer 005 is used as a fulcrum to apply the thrust force to the drill bit 006, so that the drill bit 006 bears the force pointing to the lower side of the well bore, the well wall is cut, and the deviation is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003 includes: the tool comprises a tool upper connector 1, a tool shell 2, an upper protective cap 3, an upper bearing support seat 4, a weight-biased shaft 5, a weighting block 6, a lower bearing support seat 7, a lower bearing 8, a flow channel control body 9, a thrust body 10, a discharge nozzle 11, a thrust body limiting ring 12, an upper bearing 13, a positioning key 14, a thrust body female shell 15 and a lower fixing nut cap 16.
The upper tool joint 1, the outer tool shell 2 and the female thrust body shell 15 are sequentially connected through threads to form an outer cylinder of the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003; the upper protective cap 3, the eccentric shaft 5, the flow channel control body 9 and the lower fixing nut cap 16 are connected to form a flow channel control body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003; the upper part of the eccentric shaft 5 is arranged on the tool shell 2 through an upper bearing 13, an upper bearing supporting seat 4 and an upper protective cap 3, the lower part of the eccentric shaft 5 is arranged on the tool shell 2 through a lower bearing 8, a lower bearing supporting seat 7, a flow passage control body 9 and a lower fixing nut cap 16, and the eccentric shaft 5 can freely rotate relative to the tool shell 2; the lower part of the eccentric shaft 5 is connected with the flow passage control body 9 through a key structure.
The upper part of the outer side of the tool upper joint 1 is a cylindrical surface, the lower part of the outer side of the tool upper joint is a tool shell 2 connecting buckle, the cylindrical surface is used for disassembling the whole system, and the tool shell 2 connecting buckle is used for connecting the tool shell 2; the inner side of the upper tool joint 1 sequentially comprises from top to bottom: the drilling tool connecting buckle, the inner circular hole of the upper joint and the flow expansion conical surface; the drilling tool connecting buckle is used for connecting an upper drilling tool; the inner circular hole of the upper connector is used for overflowing drilling fluid; the flow-expanding conical surface is used for increasing the area of a drilling fluid flow passage.
The tool shell 2 is a cylindrical shell, and the outer diameter of the tool shell 2 is the same as that of the cylindrical surface of the tool upper joint 1; the inside of the tool housing 2 is, from top to bottom: the tool upper joint 1 connecting buckle, the upper bearing support seat 4 mounting surface, the overflowing cylindrical surface, the lower bearing support seat 7 mounting surface and the thrust body female shell 15 connecting buckle; the tool upper joint 1 connecting buckle is used for connecting the tool upper joint 1; the diameters of the mounting surface of the upper bearing support seat 4 and the mounting surface of the lower bearing support seat 7 are the same and are slightly larger than the diameter of the overflowing cylindrical surface; the mounting surface of the upper bearing support seat 4 is used for mounting the upper bearing support seat 4; the mounting surface of the lower bearing support seat 7 is used for mounting the lower bearing support seat 7; the push body female shell 15 connecting buckle is used for connecting the push body female shell 15.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper bearing support 4 is a cylindrical structure, and the outer diameter of the upper bearing support 4 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting surface of the upper bearing support 4 of the tool housing 2; an inner circular hole of the support seat is formed in the upper bearing support seat 4 along the axis direction, three arc-shaped holes are uniformly distributed in the upper bearing support seat 4 along the circumferential direction, and the arc-shaped holes are used for overflowing of a drilling medium; the diameter of the inner circular hole of the support body is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft 5, and the upper bearing support seat 4 is used for supporting and righting the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft 5. The lower bearing support seat 7 and the upper bearing support seat 4 have the same structure and are also of a cylindrical structure, and the outer diameter of the lower bearing support seat 7 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting surface of the lower bearing support seat 7 of the tool shell 2; the lower bearing support seat 7 is provided with an inner circular hole of a support body along the axis direction, three arc-shaped holes are uniformly distributed on the lower bearing support seat 7 along the circumferential direction, and the arc-shaped holes are used for overflowing of drilling media; the lower bearing support 7 is used for supporting and centering the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft 5.
Two step surfaces formed by the installation surface of the upper bearing support seat 4, the installation surface of the lower bearing support seat 7 and the overflowing cylindrical surface are respectively used for positioning the positions of the upper bearing support seat 4 and the lower bearing support seat 7 in the tool shell 2, and the upper bearing support seat 4 and the lower bearing support seat 7 are fixed in the tool shell 2 so as to position the flow passage control body 9.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the upper part of the eccentric weight shaft 5 is an upper shaft part, the middle part thereof is an eccentric weight part, and the lower part thereof is a lower shaft part; the top end of the upper shaft part is provided with an upper thread; the weight bias part is an external key structure with a key block, the overall external diameter of the weight bias part is slightly smaller than the diameter of the flow cylindrical surface of the tool shell 2, the top end of the key block is provided with a plurality of holes along the key axis direction, and weighting blocks 6 are arranged in the holes; the upper end of the lower shaft part is provided with a flat key groove, the middle part is provided with a centering shaft, the bottom end is provided with a pressing thread, and the pressing thread at the bottom end of the lower shaft part is used for connecting a lower fixing nut cap 16.
The upper shaft portion of the eccentric shaft 5 is in clearance fit with the inner circular hole of the upper bearing support base 4. The upper bearing support seat 4 plays a role in centering the upper part of the eccentric shaft 5; the upper protective cap 3 is in threaded connection with the upper shaft part at the top of the eccentric shaft 5; an upper bearing 13 is arranged between the upper protective cap 3 and the upper bearing support seat 4, and the upper bearing 13 is used for reducing the friction resistance of the relative rotation of the eccentric shaft 5 and the upper bearing support seat 4; the lower part of the upper protective cap 3 is a cylinder, the upper part of the upper protective cap is an arc cone, a threaded hole is formed in the upper protective cap 3, and the upper protective cap 3 axially positions the eccentric shaft 5. The upper protective cap 3 forces the drilling circulation medium to flow into the arc-shaped hole of the upper bearing support seat 4, and erosion of the eccentric shaft 5 is prevented.
The upper part of the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft 5 is in clearance fit with the lower bearing support seat 7, and the lower bearing support seat 7 plays a role in centering the lower part of the eccentric shaft 5.
The thrust body female shell 15 is a cylinder with three telescopic wing ribs uniformly distributed in the middle of the circumference, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is the same as the outer diameter of the tool shell 2 and the outer diameter of the tool upper joint 1; the radial diameter of the wing ribs is larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder of the thrust body female shell 15 and smaller than the diameter of a drilled hole; a thrust body mounting hole is formed in the centroid of the top end of the wing rib, and the top end of the hole is provided with a thread; the thrust body 10 is a combination of two cylinders with different diameters, the diameter of the larger part of the diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of a cylindrical hole at the top end of a straight edge bulge of the thrust body female shell 15, and the part is provided with a seal for righting and sealing; the smaller diameter part is used for being matched with the thrust body limiting ring 12, the thrust body limiting ring 12 limits the thrust body female shell 15 in the thrust body mounting hole to prevent the thrust body 10 from being separated from the thrust body female shell 15, and the top end of the smaller diameter part is used for providing thrust for the intelligent vertical drilling system; a circular hole is formed in the center of the thrust body 10, and a discharge nozzle 11 is arranged at the circular hole close to the annular end of the well hole and used for pressure relief; the inner diameter of a cylindrical hole at the top end of the straight edge protrusion of the thrust body female shell 15 is communicated with the interior of the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the flow passage control body 9 is formed by combining two cylindrical surfaces at the outer part, the diameter of the upper cylindrical surface is smaller than that of the lower cylindrical surface, the lower cylindrical surface is provided with a V-shaped flow passage groove, and the top end of the V-shaped flow passage groove is communicated with a drilling fluid flow passage of the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003; the upper end of the interior of the flow channel control body 9 is provided with a positioning key 14, the lower part of the interior of the flow channel control body is provided with a flow channel control body righting hole, and the positioning key is used for being matched with a flat key groove at the upper end of the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft 5 to be positioned at the positions of the eccentric shaft 5 and the flow channel control body 9.
The flow channel control body 9 is arranged on the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft 5, and after the flow channel control body 9 and the eccentric shaft 5 are arranged, a V-shaped flow channel groove of the flow channel control body 9 and an external key structure of the eccentric part of the eccentric shaft 5 are in the same direction; the position of the flow path control body 9 axially opposite to the eccentric shaft 5 is fixed by a lower fixing nut cap 16.
The intelligent vertical drilling tool can be arranged in an up-down inverted manner relative to the intelligent vertical drilling tool, namely the intelligent vertical drilling tool just rotates for 180 degrees with the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body female shell is connected with the flexible short section, the tool upper joint is connected with the middle drilling tool unit, the thrust body female shell, the tool shell and the tool upper joint are sequentially connected to form an outer cylinder body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body is positioned on the thrust body female shell, the imbalance unit is positioned above the flow channel control unit, and the imbalance unit and the flow channel control unit are connected through a key.
The intelligent vertical drilling method has the following working principle:
drilling fluid flow channel: after drilling fluid in the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003 passes through an upper joint inner circular hole, a flow expanding conical surface, an upper bearing support seat 4 arc-shaped hole, a space between the eccentric shaft 5 and the tool shell 2 and a lower bearing support seat 7 arc-shaped hole of the tool upper joint 1, a V-shaped flow channel of the flow channel control body 9 is branched into two parts, one part directly flows to a drill bit to play the normal function, and the other part enters a thrust body mounting hole of the thrust body female shell 15 through a straight edge convex top cylindrical hole of the thrust body female shell 15 and a communication hole in the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003, so that the thrust body 10 is pushed to move radially relative to the thrust body female shell 15, and certain lateral force is provided for the drill bit.
When a drilled well has a deviation, the eccentric shaft 5 of the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003 points to the lower side of the well bore due to the action of gravity, so that the V-shaped runner groove of the runner control body 9 is positioned in the direction of the lower side of the well bore, the thrust body 10 extends out of the thrust body female shell 15 to apply thrust pointing to the high side of the well bore to the intelligent vertical drilling tool 003, the thrust is converted by the centralizer 005 and is converted into thrust pointing to the lower side of the well bore by the drill bit 006, and the thrust in the conversion process is amplified, so that the deviation-preventing straightening function is exerted.
Through the above effects, when the well is drilled without well deviation, the intelligent vertical drilling system does not provide force for the drill bit or provide force uniformly acting in the circumferential direction, and the drilling trend is not changed; when the drilling well has a well deviation, the intelligent vertical drilling tool applies thrust pointing to the high side of the well bore, the thrust is converted by the centralizer and is converted into the thrust pointing to the low side of the well bore, and the thrust in the conversion process is amplified, so that the anti-deviation straightening effect is exerted.
The advantages of the present invention will be further described by way of analysis with reference to the accompanying fig. 6-7:
fig. 7 is a stress analysis diagram of the existing push-pull type automatic vertical drilling system, in which a thrust body 10 of the existing push-pull type automatic vertical drilling system is arranged close to a drill bit 006, and a centralizer 005 is arranged far from the drill bit 006, in the intelligent vertical drilling of the present invention, the centralizer 005 is arranged close to the drill bit 006, and the thrust body 10 is arranged far from the drill bit 006, and according to the stress analysis, a calculation formula of the inclination-reducing thrust force obtained at the drill bit of the existing push-pull type automatic vertical drilling system is as follows:
F c ＝F t L 1 /(L 1 +L 2 )-G sin a/2
the calculation formula of the thrust force obtained at the drill bit is as follows:
F c ＝F t L 1 /L 2 -G 1 sin aL 1 /L 2 -G 2 sin a/2
1. when the vertical drilling tool outputs the same pushing force, the pushing force at the drill bit is compared:
assuming a deviation a of 5 °, Ft of 2, L1 of 4, L2 of 1, a tool line density of 0.1 ton/m,
then G is 0.5 ton, G1 is 0.4 ton, G2 is 0.1 ton,
calculating the lateral force of the drill bit:
existing vertical drilling system drill bit inclination reducing and pushing force F C1 1.58 ton
Inclination-reducing pushing force F at drill bit of intelligent vertical drilling system C2 7.85 ton ═ 7.85 ton
The inclination-reducing thrust force of the drill bit is 4.97 times that of the existing design, namely when the vertical drilling tool applies the same thrust force, the inclination-straightening prevention capability of the intelligent vertical drilling system and the drilling method is greatly improved.
2. The drill bit is subjected to the same pushing force, and the output pushing force of the vertical drilling tool is compared:
suppose that the drill bit of the present invention is subjected to a thrust force F C2 2 ton, L1 ton 4 m, L2 ton 1 m, tool line density 0.1 ton/m, G0.5 ton, G1 ton 0.4 ton, G2 ton 0.1 ton,
the pushing force Ft applied by the intelligent vertical drilling system pushing body 10 is 0.54 ton, while the pushing force Ft of the existing vertical drilling system is 2.53 tons, which is 21% of the existing design. The thrust body 10 is not easy to wear under small acting force and is not easy to eat into the stratum, so that the service life of the vertical drilling well is greatly prolonged, the drilling pressure transmission effect can be ensured, and the drilling speed is improved.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An intelligent vertical drilling system is characterized by comprising an upper drilling tool, a flexible short section, an intelligent vertical drilling tool, a middle drilling tool unit, a centralizer and a drill bit which are sequentially connected, wherein a thrust body is arranged on the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body can realize a telescopic function under the action of drilling fluid, and the intelligent vertical drilling tool can judge the well deviation condition by utilizing gravity, so that the thrust body is controlled to be telescopic to apply a pushing force to perform deviation reduction and straightening; the intelligent vertical drilling tool is internally provided with a bias weight unit and a flow channel control unit, when well deviation occurs, the gravity side of the bias weight unit can turn to the lower side of a well hole, the flow channel control unit is connected with the bias weight unit through a key, a V-shaped flow channel groove is formed in the flow channel control unit, the V-shaped flow channel groove is communicated with a drilling fluid flow channel in the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust body is communicated with the V-shaped flow channel groove, and the V-shaped flow channel groove and the gravity side of the bias weight unit are in the same direction; when a drilled well has a deviation, the deviation side of the deviation unit of the intelligent vertical drilling tool points to the lower side of the well hole due to the action of gravity, so that the V-shaped flow channel groove of the flow channel control unit is positioned in the direction of the lower side of the well hole, the thrust body extends out of the thrust body female shell to apply thrust pointing to the high side of the well hole to the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the thrust is converted by the centralizer to be converted into thrust pointing to the lower side of the well hole by the drill bit, and the thrust in the conversion process is amplified, so that the deviation-preventing straightening function is exerted.
2. The intelligent vertical drilling system of claim 1, wherein: the intelligent vertical drilling tool comprises an outer cylinder body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, a weight bias unit, a flow channel control unit and a thrust body, wherein the outer cylinder body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool comprises a tool upper joint, a tool shell and a thrust body female shell, the thrust body female shell is a cylinder with three telescopic wing ribs uniformly distributed in the middle in the circumferential direction, the outer diameter of the cylinder is the same as the outer diameter of the tool shell and the outer diameter of the tool upper joint, a thrust body mounting hole is formed in the centroid of the top end of each wing rib, the thrust body is limited in the thrust body mounting hole through a thrust body limiting ring, a circular hole is formed in the center of the thrust body, a discharge nozzle is arranged at the end, close to the well hole annulus, of the circular hole, of the straight edge protruding top end of the thrust body female shell is provided with a through hole communicated with the inside of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, and the circular hole in the center of the thrust body is communicated with the through hole in the thrust body female shell.
3. The intelligent vertical drilling system of claim 2, wherein: the thrust body is a combination of two cylinders with different diameters, the diameter of the larger diameter part is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of a cylindrical hole at the top end of a straight edge bulge of a female shell of the thrust body, a sealing element is arranged between the larger diameter part and the cylindrical hole, the smaller diameter part is used for being matched with a thrust body limiting ring, and the top end of the smaller diameter part is used for providing a thrust force for the intelligent vertical drilling system; the eccentric weight unit comprises an upper protective cap, an upper bearing supporting seat, an upper bearing, an eccentric weight shaft, a weighting block, a lower bearing supporting seat, a lower bearing and a lower fixing nut cap, wherein the upper part of the eccentric weight shaft is installed on the tool shell through the upper bearing, the upper bearing supporting seat and the upper protective cap, the lower part of the eccentric weight shaft is installed on the tool shell through the lower bearing, the lower bearing supporting seat, a flow channel control unit and the lower fixing nut cap, the lower part of the eccentric weight shaft is connected with the flow channel control unit through a key structure, and the weighting block is arranged on the eccentric weight side of the eccentric weight shaft.
4. The intelligent vertical drilling system of claim 3, wherein: the upper part of the outer side of the tool upper joint is a cylindrical surface, the lower part of the outer side of the tool upper joint is a tool shell connecting buckle, the tool shell connecting buckle is used for connecting a tool shell, and the inner side of the tool upper joint is sequentially provided with a drilling tool connecting buckle, an inner circular hole of the upper joint and a flow expansion conical surface from top to bottom; the drilling tool connecting buckle is connected with the flexible short section; the tool shell is a cylindrical shell, the outer diameter of the tool shell is the same as that of a tool upper joint cylindrical surface, the inner side of the tool shell sequentially comprises a tool upper joint connecting buckle from top to bottom, an upper bearing support seat mounting surface, an overflowing cylindrical surface, a lower bearing support seat mounting surface and a thrust body female shell connecting buckle, the tool upper joint connecting buckle is used for connecting a tool upper joint, the upper bearing support seat mounting surface is the same as that of the lower bearing support seat mounting surface, the upper bearing support seat mounting surface and the lower bearing support seat mounting surface are both larger than the diameter of the overflowing cylindrical surface, the upper bearing support seat mounting surface is used for mounting an upper bearing support seat, the lower bearing support seat mounting surface is used for mounting a lower bearing support seat, and the thrust body female shell connecting buckle is used for connecting a thrust body female shell.
5. The intelligent vertical drilling system of claim 3, wherein: the upper part of the eccentric weight shaft is an upper shaft part, the middle part of the eccentric weight shaft is an eccentric weight part, and the lower part of the eccentric weight shaft is a lower shaft part; the top end of the upper shaft part is provided with an upper thread; the weight bias part is an outer key structure with a key block, the overall outer diameter of the weight bias part is slightly smaller than the diameter of the overflowing cylindrical surface of the tool shell, the top end of the key block is provided with a plurality of holes along the key axis direction, and weighting blocks are arranged in the holes; the upper end of the lower shaft part is provided with a flat key groove, the middle part is provided with a centering shaft, the bottom end is provided with a pressing thread, the pressing thread at the bottom end of the lower shaft part is used for connecting a lower fixing nut cap, the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft is in clearance fit with an inner circular hole of an upper bearing support seat, and an upper protection cap is in threaded connection with the upper shaft part at the top of the eccentric shaft; an upper bearing is arranged between the upper protective cap and the upper bearing support seat; the lower part of the upper protective cap is a cylinder, the upper part of the upper protective cap is an arc cone, the upper part of the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft is in clearance fit with the lower bearing support seat, the flow channel control unit is installed on the lower shaft part of the eccentric shaft, and after the flow channel control unit and the eccentric shaft are installed, the V-shaped flow channel groove and the outer key structure of the eccentric part of the eccentric shaft are located at the same position.
6. The intelligent vertical drilling system of claim 5, wherein: the upper bearing supporting seat is of a cylindrical structure, and the outer diameter of the upper bearing supporting seat is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting surface of the upper bearing supporting seat; the upper bearing support seat is provided with a support seat inner circular hole along the axis direction, the upper bearing support seat is uniformly provided with three arc-shaped holes along the circumferential direction, the diameter of the support seat inner circular hole is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft, the upper bearing support seat is used for supporting and righting the upper shaft part of the eccentric shaft, the lower bearing support seat and the upper bearing support seat are identical in structure, and two step surfaces formed by an upper bearing support seat mounting surface, a lower bearing support seat mounting surface and an overflowing cylindrical surface are respectively used for positioning the upper bearing support seat and the lower bearing support seat in the tool shell.
7. An intelligent vertical drilling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the flow channel control unit is a flow channel control body, two cylindrical surfaces are arranged outside the flow channel control body in a combined mode, the diameter of the upper section cylindrical surface is smaller than that of the lower section cylindrical surface, a V-shaped flow channel groove is formed in the lower section cylindrical surface, the top end of the V-shaped flow channel groove is communicated with a drilling fluid flow channel of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, the upper end inside the flow channel control body is a positioning key, the lower portion of the flow channel control body is a flow channel control body righting hole, and the positioning key is used for being matched with a flat key groove in the upper end of the lower shaft portion of the eccentric shaft to position the eccentric shaft and the flow channel control body.
8. The intelligent vertical drilling system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the intelligent vertical drilling tool is arranged in an upside-down manner relative to the intelligent vertical drilling tool in claims 1-7, a thrust body female shell is connected with a flexible short joint, a tool upper joint is connected with a middle drilling tool unit, the thrust body female shell, a tool shell and the tool upper joint are sequentially connected to form an outer cylinder body of the intelligent vertical drilling tool, a thrust body is positioned on the thrust body female shell, and the weight bias unit is positioned below a flow channel control unit and connected with the flow channel control unit through a key.
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