CN112609091A - Method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction - Google Patents
Method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN112609091A CN112609091A CN202011574530.9A CN202011574530A CN112609091A CN 112609091 A CN112609091 A CN 112609091A CN 202011574530 A CN202011574530 A CN 202011574530A CN 112609091 A CN112609091 A CN 112609091A
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- magnesium
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- carbon monoxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/22—Obtaining magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction, which comprises the steps of fully mixing magnesium oxide, carbon and additives in proportion, putting the mixture into a vacuum arc furnace, filtering magnesium and carbon monoxide gas generated by gas phase reaction of the vacuum arc furnace through a filter, liquefying and conveying the magnesium and carbon monoxide gas into an absorption tower through an injection pump, and generating liquid magnesium and carbon monoxide through the action of the absorption tower and a cooler. The vacuum arc furnace is adopted for vacuumizing, the vacuum arc furnace has the characteristics of high vacuum degree and large exhaust amount, the rear system is pressurized, the equipment specification and the pipeline diameter are reduced, the investment is greatly reduced, the engineering is easy to realize, the absorption tower adopts a mode of spraying liquid metal magnesium to absorb Mg, the absorption tower integrates second-stage cooling in four-stage cooling, direct-cooling heat exchange is carried out to recover magnesium in a resultant, the condensation of an indirect heat exchanger, the risk that the generated Mg powder blocks the heat exchanger and the Mg powder explodes when encountering air are avoided, and the separation of Mg and CO can be effectively realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-ferrous metal smelting processes, in particular to a method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction.
Background
Magnesium is one of the lightest structural metal materials, and has the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good damping property and machinability, easy recovery and the like; magnesium alloy is applied to the automobile industry at home and abroad to reduce weight, save energy, reduce pollution and improve environment; compared with plastics, the magnesium alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, good vibration damping property, good thermal fatigue property, difficult aging, good thermal conductivity, strong electromagnetic shielding capability, very good die casting process performance, easy recovery and the like, and is a new generation of high-performance structural material for replacing steel, aluminum alloy and engineering plastics. In order to adapt to the development trend of high integration, light weight and miniaturization of electronic and communication devices, the magnesium alloy is an ideal material for shells of products such as traffic, electronic information, communication, computers, audio-visual equipment, portable tools, motors, forestry, textiles, nuclear power devices and the like.
The smelting process of magnesium comprises an electrolysis method, a Pidgeon method (silicothermic smelting of magnesium metal) and an aluminothermic reduction method of magnesium metal, wherein the electrolysis method comprises the following steps: magnesium oxide is used as a raw material to produce magnesium chloride, magnesium chloride is electrolyzed to produce metal magnesium, the power consumption is 21000 degrees/ton, chlorine leakage and pollution are serious, equipment corrosion is serious, and the investment is large; pijiang method (silicothermic reduction smelting of magnesium metal): the ferrosilicon is used as a reducing agent to reduce magnesium oxide in an electric arc furnace, and the single furnace intermittently produces magnesium metal, so that the cost is high, the conversion rate is low, the efficiency is low, the pollution is serious, the equipment corrosion is serious, the automation degree is low, the labor intensity is high, and the investment is large; aluminothermic reduction of magnesium metal: aluminum powder is used as a reducing agent to reduce magnesium oxide in an electric arc furnace, the market price of the aluminum powder exceeds 14000 yuan/ton at present, and the single furnace intermittent production of metal magnesium has high cost, low conversion rate, low efficiency, low automation degree, high labor intensity and large investment; the three smelting modes have the defects of complex equipment, high equipment cost, high raw material consumption cost, extremely high energy consumption in the production process and serious pollution; therefore, a method for smelting metal magnesium by carbothermic reduction is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a process for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction includes such steps as proportionally mixing magnesium oxide, carbon and catalyst, putting them in vacuum arc furnace, filtering the gas generated by gas-phase reaction in vacuum arc furnace, spraying it in absorption tower, and cooling to obtain magnesium liquid and carbon monoxide.
Preferably, the jet pump uses carbon monoxide with the temperature of 30-100 ℃ and the pressure of 0.5-3MPa as a working fluid to convey magnesium and carbon monoxide with the temperature of 1200-1800 ℃;
preferably, the outlet temperature of the jet pump is 900-.
Preferably, the liquid magnesium is sprayed downwards from the upper part of the absorption tower, the atomized liquid magnesium is absorbed, and the liquid magnesium enters the tower bottom;
preferably, the liquid magnesium at the bottom of the absorption tower is cooled to 650-700 ℃ through a cooler, and the liquid magnesium at 650-700 ℃ is respectively sent to the upper part of the absorption tower through a high-pressure pump for recycling;
the liquid magnesium is solidified into metal magnesium ingot, and the metal magnesium ingot is smelted and refined into metal magnesium, and the purity of the metal magnesium ingot can reach more than 99%.
Preferably, the carbon monoxide in the cooling tower is discharged from the top of the tower and collected, the collected carbon monoxide is cooled by a waste heat boiler, the cooled carbon monoxide is pressurized to 0.5-3MPa by a compressor and is conveyed to an injection pump to be reused as working fluid.
Preferably, the magnesium oxide and carbon are processed by a vacuum arc furnace to produce the mixed gas of gaseous magnesium and carbon monoxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the vacuum arc furnace is vacuumized, has the characteristics of high vacuum degree and large exhaust amount, and the subsequent system is pressurized, so that the equipment specification and the pipeline diameter are reduced, the investment is greatly reduced, and the engineering realization is easy; the method has the advantages that the method has the first-stage cooling in the four-stage cooling and direct cooling type heat exchange, reduces the temperature of products of the electric arc furnace, liquefies gas Mg into vaporous liquid Mg, and facilitates absorption in an absorption tower; the absorption tower adopts the mode that liquid metal magnesium sprays and absorbs Mg, has the second stage cooling in the level four cooling concurrently, and magnesium in the resultant is retrieved in the direct-cooling formula heat transfer, has avoided indirect heat exchanger condensation, the Mg powder of production to block up the heat exchanger and the risk that the Mg powder meets the air explosion to can effectively realize separating Mg and CO.
2. According to the cost calculation, the cost of smelting the metal magnesium by the carbothermic reduction is about 6000 yuan/ton, and zero emission and zero pollution are really realized; at present, the cost of the magnesium metal produced by other technologies exceeds 14000 yuan/ton, and the pollution is serious; after the technology is popularized, the electricity can be saved by more than 200 hundred million degrees per year in China every year.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction, which is provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic process diagram of a method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction, magnesium oxide, carbon and catalyst are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and put into a vacuum arc furnace, magnesium and carbon monoxide gas generated by gas phase reaction of the vacuum arc furnace are filtered by a filter, then are liquefied and conveyed into an absorption tower by a jet pump, and liquid magnesium and carbon monoxide are generated by the action of the absorption tower and a cooler; the vacuum arc furnace is vacuumized, has the characteristics of high vacuum degree and large exhaust amount, and the subsequent system is pressurized, so that the equipment specification and the pipeline diameter are reduced, the investment is greatly reduced, and the engineering realization is easy.
Further, the injection pump uses carbon monoxide with the temperature of 30-100 ℃ and the pressure of 0.5-3MPa as working fluid to convey magnesium and carbon monoxide with the temperature of 1200-1800 ℃, the outlet temperature of the injection pump is 900-1100 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1-0.5 MPa;
further spraying liquid magnesium downwards from the upper part of the absorption tower, absorbing the vaporific liquid magnesium, enabling the liquid magnesium to enter the tower bottom, cooling the liquid magnesium at the tower bottom of the absorption tower to 650-;
further, the mist liquid magnesium is solidified into magnesium metal ingots, the magnesium metal is smelted and refined into magnesium metal with the purity of over 99 percent, carbon monoxide in the cooling tower is discharged from the top of the tower and collected, the collected carbon monoxide is cooled by a waste heat boiler, the carbon monoxide is pressurized to 0.5-3MPa by a compressor after being cooled, and the carbon monoxide is conveyed to a jet pump to be reused as working fluid, so that the cost is saved, and the magnesium oxide and the carbon are mixed into gaseous magnesium and carbon monoxide gas through a vacuum arc furnace.
The invention solves the problems that in the condensation process of gas magnesium, the gas magnesium is directly solidified into solid to form magnesium powder, so that a condenser is blocked and the gas magnesium is easy to explode with air; and the gas mixture generated by the electric arc furnace is pressurized, so that the equipment specification and the pipeline diameter of the rear system are miniaturized; the intermittent production is changed into continuous automatic production. The process is as follows:
MgO, C and a certain chemical are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and enter a vacuum electric arc furnace, and the MgO and the C react to produce gas-phase Mg and CO at the high temperature of 1200-1800 ℃; the Mg and CO mixed gas from the electric arc furnace is dedusted by a filter and enters a jet pump; using CO with the temperature of 30-100 ℃ and the pressure of 0.5-3MPa as a working fluid to convey Mg and CO with the temperature of 1200-1800 ℃. The outlet temperature of the jet pump is 900-; at the moment, the gas Mg is condensed into vaporous liquid Mg, and then enters the absorption tower;
spraying 650-700 ℃ liquid Mg from the upper part of the absorption tower downwards, absorbing the vaporous liquid Mg and leading the vaporous liquid Mg to the bottom of the tower; cooling the liquid Mg at the bottom of the tower to 650-700 ℃ by an Mg cooler; the Mg pump respectively sends the liquid state of 650-700 ℃ to the upper part of the absorption tower and the Mg ingot casting production line; the method has the advantages that the method has the first-stage cooling in the four-stage cooling and direct cooling type heat exchange, reduces the temperature of products of the electric arc furnace, liquefies gas Mg into vaporous liquid Mg, and facilitates absorption in an absorption tower; the absorption tower adopts the mode that liquid metal magnesium sprays and absorbs Mg, has the second stage cooling in the level four cooling concurrently, and magnesium in the resultant is retrieved in the direct-cooling formula heat transfer, has avoided indirect heat exchanger condensation, the Mg powder of production to block up the heat exchanger and the risk that the Mg powder meets the air explosion to can effectively realize separating Mg and CO.
And (3) allowing CO to come out of the tower top, cooling a part of CO in a waste heat boiler, pressurizing the cooled CO to 0.5-3MPa by using a cooled CO compressor, allowing the cooled CO to be taken as a working fluid by using an injection pump, and allowing the other part of CO to come out of the device or be discharged for incineration.
Wherein the cost of smelting the magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction is about 6000 yuan/ton, and zero emission and zero pollution are really realized; at present, the cost of the magnesium metal produced by other technologies exceeds 14000 yuan/ton, and the pollution is serious; after the technology is popularized, the electricity can be saved by more than 200 hundred million degrees per year in the whole country every year
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction is characterized in that magnesium oxide, carbon and additives are fully mixed according to a certain proportion and are put into a vacuum arc furnace, magnesium and carbon monoxide gas generated by gas phase reaction of the vacuum arc furnace are filtered by a filter, then are liquefied and conveyed into an absorption tower by a jet pump, and are reacted by the absorption tower and a cooler to generate liquid magnesium and carbon monoxide.
2. The method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction according to claim 1, wherein said jet pump uses carbon monoxide with temperature of 30-100 ℃ and pressure of 0.5-3MPa as working fluid to deliver magnesium and carbon monoxide with temperature of 1200-1800 ℃.
3. The method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction as set forth in claim 1, wherein the outlet temperature of said jet pump is 900-.
4. The method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction according to claim 1, wherein said liquid magnesium is sprayed downward from the upper part of the absorption tower, atomized liquid magnesium is absorbed, and the liquid magnesium enters the bottom of the tower.
5. The method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction as set forth in claim 1, wherein the liquid magnesium at the bottom of the absorption tower is cooled to 650-;
the liquid magnesium is solidified into metal magnesium ingot, and the metal magnesium ingot is smelted and refined into metal magnesium, and the purity of the metal magnesium ingot can reach more than 99%.
6. The method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction according to claim 1, wherein carbon monoxide in the cooling tower is discharged from the top of the tower and collected, the collected carbon monoxide is cooled by a waste heat boiler, the cooled carbon monoxide is pressurized to 0.5-3MPa by a compressor and is conveyed to a jet pump to be recycled as working fluid.
7. The method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction according to claim 1, wherein said magnesium oxide and carbon are subjected to vacuum arc furnace to produce mixed gas of gaseous magnesium and carbon monoxide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011574530.9A CN112609091A (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction |
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| CN202011574530.9A CN112609091A (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Method for smelting magnesium metal by carbothermic reduction |
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| CN112609091A true CN112609091A (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114737057A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-12 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing high vapor pressure metal by carbothermic reduction |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB516381A (en) * | 1938-06-24 | 1940-01-01 | Magnesium Metal Corp Ltd | A process for obtaining metallic magnesium from oxidic magnesium compounds by reduction with carbon |
| CN102597279A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2012-07-18 | 镁硅有限公司 | Method and apparatus for condensing metal and other vapours |
| CN102703736A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 上海柯瑞冶金炉料有限公司 | Method for smelting magnesium metal |
| US20130220077A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | John Joseph Barsa | Method and apparatus for high temperature production of metals |
| CN103882246A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-06-25 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Vacuum magnesium manufacturing device and vacuum magnesium manufacturing method |
| CN203683634U (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-07-02 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Vacuum magnesium smelting device |
| CN104674016A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 牛强 | Method and device for condensing magnesium vapor generated by evaporation and heat absorption of magnesium liquid and coproducing refined magnesium |
| CN107541608A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-05 | 狄保法 | A kind of melt carbothermy magnesium technique and refining magnesium system |
-
2020
- 2020-12-28 CN CN202011574530.9A patent/CN112609091A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB516381A (en) * | 1938-06-24 | 1940-01-01 | Magnesium Metal Corp Ltd | A process for obtaining metallic magnesium from oxidic magnesium compounds by reduction with carbon |
| CN102597279A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2012-07-18 | 镁硅有限公司 | Method and apparatus for condensing metal and other vapours |
| US20130220077A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | John Joseph Barsa | Method and apparatus for high temperature production of metals |
| CN102703736A (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2012-10-03 | 上海柯瑞冶金炉料有限公司 | Method for smelting magnesium metal |
| CN103882246A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-06-25 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Vacuum magnesium manufacturing device and vacuum magnesium manufacturing method |
| CN203683634U (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-07-02 | 中国重型机械研究院股份公司 | Vacuum magnesium smelting device |
| CN104674016A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 牛强 | Method and device for condensing magnesium vapor generated by evaporation and heat absorption of magnesium liquid and coproducing refined magnesium |
| CN107541608A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-05 | 狄保法 | A kind of melt carbothermy magnesium technique and refining magnesium system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| А.И.别略耶夫: "《高等学校教学专用书-轻金属冶炼学》", 31 March 1955, 高等教育出版社 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114737057A (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-07-12 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing high vapor pressure metal by carbothermic reduction |
| CN114737057B (en) * | 2022-03-24 | 2024-03-26 | 东北大学 | Method for preparing high vapor pressure metal by carbothermal reduction |
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Application publication date: 20210406 |