CN112607963A - System and method for reducing percolate concentrated solution of waste incineration plant - Google Patents
System and method for reducing percolate concentrated solution of waste incineration plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering leachate treatment, and particularly discloses a system and a method for reducing leachate concentrated solution in a waste incineration plant. The concentrated solution decrement system of the percolate of the waste incineration plant comprises a pretreatment system, an adjusting tank, a high-efficiency anaerobic system, a primary AO system, a secondary AO system, an external ultrafiltration system, a nanofiltration membrane system, a reverse osmosis membrane system, a fan, a sludge dewatering system, a coagulation softening system, a photocatalytic oxidation system, an anaerobic desulfurization system and a concentrated solution decrement system. According to the invention, through the coagulation softening system, the photocatalytic oxidation system and the high-efficiency anaerobic desulfurization system, persistent organic pollutants, divalent salt ions and the like accumulated in the nanofiltration concentrated solution are effectively removed, the full-scale treatment of the nanofiltration concentrated solution is realized, the leachate of a waste incineration power plant and the nanofiltration concentrated solution of a refuse landfill can be treated, the production and environmental protection requirements are met, the yield of the concentrated solution is reduced, the treatment cost is reduced, and the operation stability of the leachate treatment system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering leachate treatment, and particularly relates to a leachate concentrated solution decrement system and method for a waste incineration plant.
Background
With the increasing improvement of the economic and people living standards in China, the production quantity, the transportation quantity and the treatment quantity of domestic garbage of residents in China are rapidly increased, the domestic garbage incineration becomes the mainstream trend, and the harmlessness, the reduction and the recycling of the domestic garbage can be realized to the greatest extent.
The related policy requires that the incineration treatment capacity of domestic garbage in cities and towns in China accounts for more than 50% of the total harmless treatment capacity at the end of 2020, wherein the eastern area reaches more than 60%. In another related policy, the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in a direct prefecture city, a planned single-row city and a provincial city (built-up area) is required to reach 100%, and the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in other cities in the set city reaches more than 95% (except Sinkiang and Tibet). Therefore, the incineration of the household garbage becomes the main trend of harmless treatment of the garbage in China.
At present, leachate of domestic garbage incineration plants is mostly adopted: pretreatment → anaerobic → aerobic → external MBR → nano filtration → reverse osmosis process for treatment, and the produced water is used for in-plant recycling. And after the nanofiltration and the reverse osmosis concentrated solution are mixed and enter a concentrated solution reduction system for further concentration and reduction, the produced water reaching the standard and the reverse osmosis produced water are mixed and recycled, and the concentrated solution is used for fly ash pulping or back-spraying incinerator.
The domestic garbage has complex components and high water content, so that the production amount of percolate concentrated solution is large and far exceeds the consumption treatment capacity in a system of a domestic garbage incineration plant, a large amount of concentrated solution is sprayed back to the incinerator, the incinerator is corroded, the garbage incineration power generation amount is reduced, and the nanofiltration concentrated solution is used for fly ash pulping and is very easy to cause pipeline scaling and increase the fly ash yield. Therefore, the reduction treatment of the percolate concentrated solution of the domestic garbage incineration plant becomes a key problem for relieving the percolate treatment of the incineration plant.
The method for treating the waste leachate concentrated solution in the incineration plant, which is commonly used in China, is to adopt a special material separation membrane to separate the nanofiltration membrane concentrated solution so as to improve the recovery rate of the membrane system, but the methods have the problems of high investment and operation maintenance cost, low recovery rate of the nanofiltration concentrated solution, easy scaling due to accumulation of divalent salt and the like, and cannot fundamentally solve the problems. The method adopts modes such as evaporation crystallization and the like to reduce the yield of the concentrated solution, has overhigh investment and operation cost, is easy to scale and block the system and has high operation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a system and a method for fully treating nanofiltration concentrated solution in landfill leachate, so that the reduction of the concentrated solution is realized, the pipeline scaling caused in the recycling process of the concentrated solution is avoided, the consumption of pulping lime is reduced, the yield of fly ash is reduced, the system and the method can be widely applied to the upgrading and reconstruction in the field of landfill leachate treatment and the reduction treatment of concentrated solution of leachate, and have very wide market application prospects.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a decrement system for percolate concentrate of a waste incineration plant, comprising a pretreatment system, an adjusting tank, a high-efficiency anaerobic system, a primary AO system, a secondary AO system, an external ultrafiltration system, a nanofiltration membrane system, a reverse osmosis membrane system, a sludge dewatering system, a coagulation softening system, a photocatalytic oxidation system, an anaerobic desulfurization system, and a concentrate decrement system;
the pretreatment system, the regulating reservoir, the efficient anaerobic system, the primary AO system, the secondary AO system, the external ultrafiltration system, the nanofiltration membrane system and the reverse osmosis membrane system are sequentially connected;
the nanofiltration membrane system, the coagulation softening system, the photocatalytic oxidation system and the anaerobic desulfurization system are sequentially connected;
the reverse osmosis membrane system is connected with the concentrated solution decrement system.
The invention provides a method for reducing percolate concentrated solution of a waste incineration plant, which adopts the system for reducing percolate concentrated solution of the waste incineration plant, and comprises the following steps:
1) filtering the refuse leachate of the incineration plant by a pretreatment system, settling to remove suspended matters, and then entering a regulating tank;
2) the wastewater in the regulating tank is lifted by a pump to enter a high-efficiency anaerobic system for anaerobic reaction, most COD is removed, and biodegradability is improved;
3) the effluent of the high-efficiency anaerobic system is aerobically treated by a first-stage AO system and a second-stage AO system to remove most of COD and NH3Filtering pollutants of TN and TP by an external ultrafiltration system to realize mud-water separation and obtain external ultrafiltration membrane produced water;
4) the water produced by the external ultrafiltration membrane enters a nanofiltration membrane system for selective separation, and further COD and NH are removed3Obtaining a concentrated solution of a nanofiltration membrane system and produced water of the nanofiltration membrane system;
5) the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane system enters a coagulation softening system to remove divalent salts and macromolecular organic pollutants comprising calcium ions and/or magnesium ions and/or sulfate ions in the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane to obtain outlet water of the softening system;
6) the effluent of the softening system enters a photocatalytic oxidation system to further remove pollutants including COD and BOD to obtain the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system;
7) optionally feeding the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system into an anaerobic desulfurization system to remove sulfate so as to obtain effluent of the anaerobic desulfurization system and hydrogen sulfide, and optionally feeding the effluent of the anaerobic desulfurization system into an adjusting tank for further treatment;
8) and the water produced by the nanofiltration membrane system is further intercepted by a reverse osmosis membrane of the reverse osmosis membrane system to remove residual pollutants, and then passes through a concentrated solution reduction system, the water produced by the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally recycled, and the concentrated solution of the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally used for fly ash pulping and/or back-spraying incinerator and/or evaporative crystallization.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the concentrated leachate decrement system and the method for the waste incineration plant, the difficultly-degradable organic pollutants, divalent salt ions and the like accumulated in the nanofiltration concentrated solution are effectively removed through the coagulation softening system, the photocatalytic oxidation system and the efficient anaerobic desulfurization system, the full-scale treatment of the nanofiltration concentrated solution is realized, the leachate of the waste incineration plant and the nanofiltration concentrated solution of the refuse landfill can be treated, the production and environmental protection requirements are met, the yield of the concentrated solution is reduced, the treatment cost is reduced, and the operation stability of the leachate treatment system is improved.
The devices and systems adopted in the invention can realize the use of single or combined processes of coagulation softening, photocatalytic oxidation and efficient anaerobic desulfurization under the condition of proper conditions, can also enable the concentrated solution to meet the treatment requirement of decrement, and have the advantages of convenient operation, stable water outlet, lower operation cost and the like.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a process flow diagram of a waste incineration plant percolate concentrate decrement system and method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-pretreatment system, 2-regulating tank, 3-high-efficiency anaerobic system, 4-first-grade AO system, 5-second-grade AO system, 6-external ultrafiltration system, 7-nanofiltration membrane system, 8-reverse osmosis membrane system, 9-blower, 10-sludge dewatering system, 11-coagulation softening system, 12-photocatalytic oxidation system, 13-anaerobic desulfurization system, 14-concentrated solution decrement system, 15-fly ash pulping/back-spray incinerator/evaporative crystallization.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a decrement system for percolate concentrate of a waste incineration plant, comprising a pretreatment system, an adjusting tank, a high-efficiency anaerobic system, a primary AO system, a secondary AO system, an external ultrafiltration system, a nanofiltration membrane system, a reverse osmosis membrane system, a sludge dewatering system, a coagulation softening system, a photocatalytic oxidation system, an anaerobic desulfurization system, and a concentrate decrement system;
the pretreatment system, the regulating reservoir, the efficient anaerobic system, the primary AO system, the secondary AO system, the external ultrafiltration system, the nanofiltration membrane system and the reverse osmosis membrane system are sequentially connected;
the nanofiltration membrane system, the coagulation softening system, the photocatalytic oxidation system and the anaerobic desulfurization system are sequentially connected;
the reverse osmosis membrane system is connected with the concentrated solution decrement system.
As a preferable scheme, the high-efficiency anaerobic system adopts a UASB high-efficiency anaerobic reactor or a reactor derived from the UASB high-efficiency anaerobic reactor, and the UASB high-efficiency anaerobic reactor comprises a water inlet and distribution system, a reactor tank body, a desulfurization three-phase separator, a hydrogen sulfide blowing-off system and a methane and hydrogen sulfide absorption treatment system. The UASB high-efficiency anaerobic reactor is a device conventionally adopted by a person skilled in the art, and can be selected by the person skilled in the art according to requirements, and the derived reactor is also common knowledge in the field. Anaerobic reactions can also be treated using processes similar to UASB such as IC, IOC, UBF, EGSB reactors. Part of produced water blown off by the hydrogen sulfide blow-off system reflows, optionally mixes with the produced water of the photocatalytic oxidation system, and then enters the anaerobic desulfurization system again; the hydrogen sulfide stripping system can adopt a bubble column reactor (which is arranged conventionally) for stripping, and the stripping adopts methane absorbed by hydrogen sulfide.
For a coagulation softening system, it is preferable that,
as a preferred scheme, the coagulation and softening system comprises a rapid mixing reaction tank, a flocculation reaction tank, a high-efficiency inclined plate sedimentation tank, a dosing system and a sludge backflow system which are sequentially arranged. The coagulation softening system is suitable for medicaments comprising sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
As another preferred scheme, the coagulation softening system comprises a lime reaction tank, a lime sedimentation tank, a sodium carbonate reaction tank, a coagulation reaction tank and a high-efficiency sedimentation tank which are arranged in sequence. The coagulation softening system is suitable for medicaments comprising lime and sodium carbonate.
The selection of a coagulation softening system is conventional in the art.
According to the present invention, the sludge of the high efficiency settling tank is optionally pumped into a sludge dewatering system.
Preferably, the coagulation softening system further comprises medicine dissolving tanks of lime, sodium carbonate, a coagulant and a coagulant aid.
Preferably, the coagulation softening system further comprises a plurality of dosing pumps.
Preferably, the coagulation and softening system further comprises a plurality of sludge pumps and a plurality of sewage lift pumps.
Preferably, the photocatalytic oxidation system comprises: the device comprises an ultraviolet lamp assembly, a photocatalytic oxidation reactor, a ferrous sulfate dosing system, a hydrogen peroxide dosing system, a sulfuric acid dosing system, a catalyst dosing system, a neutralization and precipitation system and a high-efficiency air floatation treatment system. The above-mentioned photocatalytic oxidation system may employ a photocatalytic oxidation system including the above-mentioned structure, such as the photocatalytic oxidation system described in patent application No. 201720974445.9. The catalytic oxidation is realized by the action of the catalyst and the generation of electron holes under the irradiation of the ultraviolet lamp component, the macromolecular substances which are difficult to degrade are decomposed into the micromolecular substances which are easy to degrade, the accumulation of the organic substances which are difficult to degrade is reduced, and the load of a biochemical treatment system is reduced.
Preferably, the photocatalytic oxidation system is also connected with a neutralization aeration, sedimentation and high-efficiency separation system for separating and recovering the catalyst, and the neutralization aeration, sedimentation and high-efficiency separation system is necessarily connected with a roots blower or a rotary blower.
As a preferred scheme, the anaerobic desulfurization system comprises a water inlet pump, a pipeline, a valve, an anaerobic reactor, a hydrogen sulfide stripping device, a water outlet reflux pump and a hydrogen sulfide absorption and advanced treatment system. One skilled in the art can select a suitable anaerobic desulfurization device as desired.
As a preferred scheme, the concentrated solution decrement system adopts a two-stage DTRO system for decrement, and the water produced by the DTRO system can be recycled in a plant.
Preferably, the system for reducing the concentrated solution of the percolate of the waste incineration plant further comprises: a ferrous sulfate dosing system, a hydrogen peroxide dosing system, a sulfuric acid dosing system, a catalyst dosing system, a sodium hydroxide dosing system, a PAC dosing system and a PAM dosing system. The ferrous sulfate dosing system, the hydrogen peroxide dosing system, the sulfuric acid dosing system and the catalyst dosing system are used for dosing the medicines into the photocatalytic oxidation reactor; the sodium hydroxide dosing system, the PAC dosing system and the PAM dosing system are used for dosing the drugs into the neutralization aeration reactor of the neutralization aeration and sedimentation and high-efficiency separation system. The dosing systems all comprise a medicine dissolving tank, a stirrer and a dosing metering pump.
Preferably, the system for reducing the concentrated solution of the percolate of the waste incineration plant further comprises: a fan for generating air and feeding the air to the primary AO system and the secondary AO system, respectively.
The invention provides a method for reducing percolate concentrated solution of a waste incineration plant, which adopts the system for reducing percolate concentrated solution of the waste incineration plant, and comprises the following steps:
1) filtering the refuse leachate of the incineration plant by using a pretreatment system filter, settling to remove suspended matters, and then entering a regulating tank;
2) the wastewater in the regulating tank is lifted by a pump to enter a high-efficiency anaerobic system for anaerobic reaction, most COD is removed, and biodegradability is improved; in the process, most of COD is converted into methane through the metabolism of anaerobic microorganisms, most of organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia nitrogen, and the biodegradability of the wastewater is improved;
3) the effluent of the high-efficiency anaerobic system is aerobically treated by a first-stage AO system and a second-stage AO system to remove most of COD and NH3Filtering pollutants of TN and TP by an external ultrafiltration system to realize mud-water separation and obtain external ultrafiltration membrane produced water;
4) the water produced by the external ultrafiltration membrane enters a nanofiltration membrane system for selective separation, and further COD and NH are removed3Obtaining a concentrated solution of a nanofiltration membrane system and produced water of the nanofiltration membrane system; in a specific embodiment, the produced water of the external ultrafiltration membrane is subjected to selective permeation of a nanofiltration membrane to intercept pollutants such as organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, divalent salt and the like with molecular weight of more than 500-1000 Da (such as more than 500 Da);
5) the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane system enters a coagulation softening system to remove divalent salts and macromolecular organic pollutants comprising calcium ions and/or magnesium ions and/or sulfate ions in the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane to obtain outlet water of the softening system; the macromolecular organic pollutants are organic matters with molecular weight more than 500, and comprise at least one of humic acid, fulvic acid and humins;
6) the effluent of the softening system enters a photocatalytic oxidation system to further remove pollutants including COD and BOD to obtain the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system;
7) optionally feeding the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system into an anaerobic desulfurization system to remove sulfate so as to obtain effluent of the anaerobic desulfurization system and hydrogen sulfide, and optionally feeding the effluent of the anaerobic desulfurization system into an adjusting tank for further treatment;
8) and the water produced by the nanofiltration membrane system is further intercepted by a reverse osmosis membrane of the reverse osmosis membrane system to remove residual pollutants, and then passes through a concentrated solution reduction system, the water produced by the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally recycled, and the concentrated solution of the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally used for fly ash pulping and/or back-spraying incinerator and/or evaporative crystallization.
According to the invention, in the step 6), the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane system flows into the photocatalytic oxidation system by gravity after being treated by the coagulation and softening system.
As a preferred scheme, in a coagulation softening system comprising a rapid mixing reaction tank, a flocculation reaction tank, a high-efficiency inclined plate sedimentation tank, a dosing system and a sludge backflow system which are sequentially arranged, lime and sodium carbonate are added into the rapid mixing reaction tank, and the lime is added for sedimentation so as to remove part of macromolecular organic matters, sulfate radicals and divalent magnesium ions; adding sodium carbonate to soften and remove excessive calcium ions; coagulant and flocculant, such as PAC and PAM, are added into the flocculation reaction tank, and sludge-water separation is carried out through high-efficiency precipitation, so that a tubular microfiltration membrane system can be omitted.
Preferably, the reducing method further includes:
and (2) allowing sludge generated by the high-efficiency anaerobic system and/or the primary AO system and/or the secondary AO system and/or the coagulation softening system and/or the photocatalytic oxidation system to enter a sludge dewatering system for dewatering so as to reduce the water content of the sludge to below 80%, and then performing the next treatment.
Preferably, the reducing method further includes:
and carrying out sludge outward on the dewatered sludge, and optionally conveying the dewatered supernatant to a regulating tank for further treatment.
In the invention, the produced water after the anaerobic desulfurization system is blown off must enter the regulating tank and/or the high-efficiency anaerobic system for treatment, but cannot directly enter the primary AO system or the secondary AO system and the rear-end treatment system.
As a preferred scheme, when the sulfate radical concentration of the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system is less than 20000mg/L, the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system does not enter an anaerobic desulfurization system and enters a high-efficiency anaerobic system for treatment, sulfate reducing bacteria reduce sulfate radical ions into hydrogen sulfide, and divalent sulfate accumulated in nanofiltration concentrated solution is removed.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a system and a method for reducing concentrated solution of percolate of a waste incineration plant.
In this embodiment, the systems or apparatuses not indicated as sources are all those conventionally used by those skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 illustrates a process flow diagram of a waste incineration plant percolate concentrate decrement system and method according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the percolate concentrated solution decrement system of the waste incineration plant comprises a pretreatment system 1, an adjusting tank 2, a high-efficiency anaerobic system 3, a primary AO system 4, a secondary AO system 5, an external ultrafiltration system 6, a nanofiltration membrane system 7, a reverse osmosis membrane system 8, a fan 9, a sludge dewatering system 10, a coagulation softening system 11, a photocatalytic oxidation system 12, an anaerobic desulfurization system 13 and a concentrated solution decrement system 14;
the pretreatment system 1, the regulating tank 2, the efficient anaerobic system 3, the primary AO system 4, the secondary AO system 5, the external ultrafiltration system 6, the nanofiltration membrane system 7 and the reverse osmosis membrane system 8 are sequentially connected;
the nanofiltration membrane system 7, the coagulation softening system 11, the photocatalytic oxidation system 12 and the anaerobic desulfurization system 13 are connected in sequence;
the reverse osmosis membrane system 8 is connected to a concentrate decrement system 14.
The high-efficiency anaerobic system 3 adopts a UASB high-efficiency anaerobic reactor which comprises a water inlet and distribution system, a reactor tank body, a desulfurization three-phase separator, a hydrogen sulfide stripping system and a methane and hydrogen sulfide absorption treatment system.
The fan 9 is used to generate air and feed it to the primary AO-system 4 and the secondary AO-system 5, respectively.
The coagulation softening system 11 comprises a lime reaction tank, a lime sedimentation tank, a sodium carbonate reaction tank, a coagulation reaction tank and a high-efficiency sedimentation tank which are arranged in sequence.
The coagulation softening system 11 also comprises respective medicine dissolving tanks of lime, sodium carbonate, a coagulant and a coagulant aid, and also comprises a plurality of medicine adding pumps, a plurality of sludge discharging pumps and a plurality of sewage lifting pumps.
The photocatalytic oxidation system 12 includes: the device comprises an ultraviolet lamp assembly, a photocatalytic oxidation reactor, a ferrous sulfate dosing system, a hydrogen peroxide dosing system, a sulfuric acid dosing system, a catalyst dosing system, a neutralization and precipitation system and a high-efficiency air floatation treatment system. The above-mentioned photocatalytic oxidation system 12 employs the photocatalytic oxidation system described in patent application No. 201720974445.9. The catalytic oxidation is realized by the action of the catalyst and the generation of electron holes under the irradiation of the ultraviolet lamp component, the macromolecular substances which are difficult to degrade are decomposed into the micromolecular substances which are easy to degrade, the accumulation of the organic substances which are difficult to degrade is reduced, and the load of a biochemical treatment system is reduced.
The photocatalytic oxidation system 12 is also connected with a neutralization aeration, sedimentation and high-efficiency separation system for separating and recovering the catalyst, and the neutralization aeration, sedimentation and high-efficiency separation system is connected with a roots blower.
The anaerobic desulfurization system 13 comprises a water inlet pump, a pipeline, a valve, an anaerobic reactor, a hydrogen sulfide stripping device, a water outlet reflux pump and a hydrogen sulfide absorption and advanced treatment system, and is an anaerobic desulfurization system which is conventionally adopted by a person skilled in the art.
The concentrated solution decrement system 14 adopts a two-stage DTRO system for decrement, and the water produced by the DTRO system can be recycled in a factory.
The concentrated liquor decrement system of waste incineration factory infiltration liquid still includes: a ferrous sulfate dosing system, a hydrogen peroxide dosing system, a sulfuric acid dosing system, a catalyst dosing system, a sodium hydroxide dosing system, a PAC dosing system and a PAM dosing system. The ferrous sulfate dosing system, the hydrogen peroxide dosing system, the sulfuric acid dosing system and the catalyst dosing system are used for dosing the medicines into the photocatalytic oxidation reactor; the sodium hydroxide dosing system, the PAC dosing system and the PAM dosing system are used for dosing the drugs into the neutralization aeration reactor of the neutralization aeration and sedimentation and high-efficiency separation system. The dosing systems all comprise a medicine dissolving tank, a stirrer and a dosing metering pump which are matched with each other.
The decrement method of the percolate concentrated solution of the waste incineration plant comprises the following steps:
1) after the refuse leachate of the incineration plant is filtered by a filter of a pretreatment system 1 and precipitated and respectively subjected to self-cleaning grids and a primary sedimentation tank to remove suspended matters with the particle size larger than 1.5mm, the effluent of the sedimentation tank enters a regulating tank 2, and precipitated sludge is sent to a sludge storage tank for temporary storage;
2) the wastewater in the regulating reservoir 2 is lifted by a pump to enter a high-efficiency anaerobic system 3 for anaerobic reaction, most COD is converted into methane through the synergistic effect of hydrolytic acidification bacteria, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria in the reactor, most organic nitrogen is converted into ammonia nitrogen, the COD is reduced from 50000-class 60000mg/L to 5000-class 10000mg/L, the removal rate of organic pollutants reaches more than 80 percent, and the biodegradability of the wastewater is improved;
3) the effluent of the high-efficiency anaerobic system 3 is aerobically treated by a first-stage AO system 4 and a second-stage AO system 5 to remove most of COD and NH3TN, TP; wherein, the denitrifying bacteria in the A pool utilize organic matters in the inlet water as a carbon source to reduce nitrate into nitrogen gas, so that the total nitrogen in the wastewater is removed; aerobic microorganisms in the O pool remove residual organic matters in the wastewater and oxidize ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen; the effluent of the first-stage AO system 4 enters a second-stage AO system 5, pollutants in the wastewater are further removed through microbial metabolism in the anoxic aerobic reactor, the COD (chemical oxygen demand) of the effluent can be reduced to be within 1500mg/L, and NH (ammonia-to-oxygen) is added3Can be reduced to be within 10 mg/L; the effluent of the second-stage AO system 5 is lifted to an external ultrafiltration system 6 by a pump for filtration, so that pollutants with the particle size larger than 0.05 micron can be effectively intercepted, the effluent quality is further improved, mud-water separation is realized, and the water produced by the external ultrafiltration membrane is obtained;
4) the water produced by the external ultrafiltration membrane enters a nanofiltration membrane system 7 for selective separation, and further COD and NH are removed3Obtaining a concentrated solution of a nanofiltration membrane system and produced water of the nanofiltration membrane system; specifically, pollutants such as organic matters, ammonia nitrogen, divalent salt and the like with molecular weights of more than 500-1000 Da are intercepted by the produced water of the external ultrafiltration membrane through the selective permeation effect of the nanofiltration membrane, wherein the pore diameter of the nanofiltration membrane is about 1nm, only the organic matters and monovalent salt with the molecular weights of less than 500Da are allowed to permeate, and the macromolecular organic matters and the divalent salt are intercepted in the concentrated solution, so that the accumulation of the divalent salt and the organic matters is formed. The removal rate of the nanofiltration membrane system 7 to the organic matters in the ultrafiltration water production can reach 80 percent;
5) the nanofiltration membrane system concentrated solution enters a coagulation softening system 11, divalent salt and macromolecular organic pollutants including calcium ions and/or magnesium ions and/or sulfate ions in the nanofiltration membrane concentrated solution are removed, the coagulation softening system 11 firstly increases the reaction pH value to more than 11 by adding lime, the lime reacts with the nanofiltration concentrated solution, part of macromolecular organic matters are removed, OH ions and enriched magnesium ions are released to form magnesium hydroxide precipitate, and the excess calcium ions and the enriched sulfate in the concentrated solution reach supersaturation to form calcium sulfate precipitate. And (3) the effluent after the lime softening enters a high-efficiency sedimentation tank for mud-water separation, and the effluent of the high-efficiency sedimentation tank is further added with sodium carbonate, a coagulant and a flocculating agent to remove residual calcium ions and other suspended matters. After being treated by the coagulation softening system 11, the removal rate of COD in the outlet water of the nanofiltration concentrated solution can reach 40-50%, and the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions is reduced to be within 40mg/L, so that the outlet water of the softening system is obtained;
6) the effluent of the softening system enters a photocatalytic oxidation system 12 to further remove pollutants including COD and BOD, and the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system is obtained; ferrous sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and a catalyst are added into a photocatalytic oxidation reactor, concentrated sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH value of the solution to 3-4, and an ultraviolet lamp assembly and an ultraviolet high-pressure mercury lamp are started to carry out photocatalytic oxidation reaction. Wherein H2O2Fe is added according to the mass ratio of 1:1 compared with the COD to be removed2+：H2O2In a molar ratio of 0.25 to 1:1, the concentration of the catalyst ferrous sulfate is 50 mg/L. The effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation reactor enters a neutralization aeration reactor of a neutralization aeration and sedimentation and high-efficiency separation system, sodium hydroxide, PAC and PAM are added to raise the pH value to 6.5-7.5, the effluent of the neutralization aeration reactor enters a high-efficiency sedimentation tank to remove suspended matters, and then the residual suspended matters in the effluent are removed through an air flotation reactor (conventional arrangement). Through a photocatalytic oxidation system, the B/C ratio of outlet water of the nanofiltration concentrated solution is improved from 0.15 to about 0.3, and the removal rate of COD can reach 30-50%.
7) The effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system optionally enters an anaerobic desulfurization system 13, the anaerobic desulfurization system adopts a UASB reactor, and the residual sulfate radicals are reduced into H by using sulfate reducing bacteria in the anaerobic desulfurization system 132S, if the concentration of sulfate radicals in the inlet water of the anaerobic desulfurization system 13 is up to 20000mg/L, the outlet water H2S concentration far exceeding 100mg/L, forInhibiting the anaerobic desulfurization bacteria, and adding H into the effluent of the high-efficiency anaerobic reactor2S stripping tower for stripping and refluxing the effluent H of the anaerobic reactor2The concentration of S is reduced to below 100 mg/L. In addition, the running volume load of the sulfate of the high-efficiency anaerobic reactor cannot exceed 2kg/m3The concentration of the sulfate in the effluent can be reduced to be within 3000 mg/L. The effluent of the anaerobic desulfurization system optionally enters a regulating tank 2 for further treatment.
8) The water produced by the nanofiltration membrane system is sent into a reverse osmosis membrane system 8 by a high-pressure pump, the reverse osmosis membrane is a very precise membrane filtration system, organic pollutants with molecular weight of more than 100 and all inorganic salts can be intercepted, and the pollutant removal rate can reach more than 90%; residual pollutants are further intercepted and removed through a reverse osmosis membrane of a reverse osmosis membrane system 8, the water quality of outlet water of the reverse osmosis membrane system meets the water quality standard of open type circulating cooling water shown in the table 1 in GB/T19923 + 2005 urban sewage recycling-industrial water quality standard, and the in-site recycling can be realized; the concentrated solution of the reverse osmosis membrane system passes through a concentrated solution reduction system 14, the produced water of the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally recycled, and the concentrated solution of the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally used for fly ash pulping and/or back-spraying incinerator and/or evaporative crystallization 15.
And 6), treating the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane system by a coagulation softening system 11, and allowing gravity to flow into a photocatalytic oxidation system.
In a coagulation softening system 11 comprising a lime reaction tank, a lime sedimentation tank, a sodium carbonate reaction tank, a coagulation reaction tank and a high-efficiency sedimentation tank which are arranged in sequence, lime and sodium carbonate are added, and the lime is added for sedimentation so as to remove part of macromolecular organic matters, sulfate radicals and divalent magnesium ions; adding sodium carbonate to soften and remove excessive calcium ions; then adding coagulant and flocculant, such as PAC and PAM, and performing sludge-water separation through high-efficiency precipitation, wherein a tubular microfiltration membrane system is not needed.
Sludge generated by the high-efficiency anaerobic system 3 and/or the primary AO system 4 and/or the secondary AO system 5 and/or the coagulation softening system 11 and/or the photocatalytic oxidation system 12 enters a sludge dewatering system 10 for dewatering so that the water content of the sludge is reduced to be below 80%, the dewatered sludge is transported out, and the dewatered supernatant is optionally transported to a regulating tank 2 for further treatment.
It should be noted that the produced water after the anaerobic desulfurization system 13 is stripped must first enter the adjusting tank and/or the high-efficiency anaerobic system 3 for treatment, and cannot directly enter the primary AO system 4 or the secondary AO system 5 and the treatment system at the rear end.
Wherein, when the concentration of sulfate radicals in the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system 12 is less than 20000mg/L, the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system does not enter the anaerobic desulfurization system 13 but enters the high-efficiency anaerobic system 3 for treatment, sulfate reducing bacteria reduce sulfate radicals into hydrogen sulfide, and divalent sulfate radicals accumulated in the nanofiltration concentrated solution are removed.
Part of produced water blown off by the hydrogen sulfide blow-off system reflows, optionally mixes with the produced water of the photocatalytic oxidation system, and then enters the anaerobic desulfurization system 13 again; the hydrogen sulfide stripping system can adopt a bubble column reactor for stripping, and the stripping adopts methane absorbed by hydrogen sulfide.
Having described embodiments of the present invention, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. A decrement system for percolate concentrated solution of a waste incineration plant is characterized by comprising a pretreatment system (1), an adjusting tank (2), a high-efficiency anaerobic system (3), a primary AO system (4), a secondary AO system (5), an external ultrafiltration system (6), a nanofiltration membrane system (7), a reverse osmosis membrane system (8), a sludge dewatering system (10), a coagulation softening system (11), a photocatalytic oxidation system (12), an anaerobic desulfurization system (13) and a concentrated solution decrement system (14);
the pretreatment system (1), the regulating tank (2), the efficient anaerobic system (3), the primary AO system (4), the secondary AO system (5), the external ultrafiltration system (6), the nanofiltration membrane system (7) and the reverse osmosis membrane system (8) are sequentially connected;
the nanofiltration membrane system (7), the coagulation softening system (11), the photocatalytic oxidation system (12) and the anaerobic desulfurization system (13) are connected in sequence;
the reverse osmosis membrane system (8) is connected with the concentrated solution decrement system (14).
2. The concentrated percolate decrement system of waste incineration plant according to claim 1, wherein the high efficiency anaerobic system (3) adopts a UASB high efficiency anaerobic reactor or a reactor derived from the UASB high efficiency anaerobic reactor, and the UASB high efficiency anaerobic reactor comprises a water inlet and distribution system, a reactor tank body, a desulfurization three-phase separator, a hydrogen sulfide blowing-off system, a methane and hydrogen sulfide absorption treatment system.
3. The waste incineration plant percolate concentrate decrement system of claim 1, wherein,
the coagulation softening system (11) comprises a rapid mixing reaction tank, a flocculation reaction tank, a high-efficiency inclined plate sedimentation tank, a dosing system and a sludge reflux system which are arranged in sequence; or:
the coagulation softening system (11) comprises a lime reaction tank, a lime sedimentation tank, a sodium carbonate reaction tank, a coagulation reaction tank and a high-efficiency sedimentation tank which are arranged in sequence.
4. The waste incineration plant percolate concentrate decrement system of claim 1, wherein the photocatalytic oxidation system (12) comprises: the device comprises an ultraviolet lamp assembly, a photocatalytic oxidation reactor, a ferrous sulfate dosing system, a hydrogen peroxide dosing system, a sulfuric acid dosing system, a catalyst dosing system, a neutralization and precipitation system and a high-efficiency air floatation treatment system.
5. The waste incineration plant percolate concentration decrement system of claim 1, wherein the waste incineration plant percolate concentration decrement system further comprises: a fan (9) for generating air to be fed into the primary AO-system (4) and the secondary AO-system (5), respectively.
6. A method for reducing a percolate concentrate of a waste incineration plant, wherein the method for reducing the percolate concentrate of the waste incineration plant adopts the percolate concentrate reduction system of any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method for reducing the percolate concentrate of the waste incineration plant comprises the following steps:
1) filtering and settling the refuse leachate of the incineration plant by a pretreatment system (1) to remove suspended matters, and then entering a regulating tank (2);
2) the wastewater in the regulating tank (2) is lifted by a pump to enter a high-efficiency anaerobic system (3) for anaerobic reaction, most of COD is removed, and biodegradability is improved;
3) the effluent of the high-efficiency anaerobic system (3) is aerobically treated by a first-stage AO system (4) and a second-stage AO system (5) to remove most of COD and NH3Filtering pollutants of TN and TP by an external ultrafiltration system (6) to realize mud-water separation and obtain external ultrafiltration membrane produced water;
4) the water produced by the external ultrafiltration membrane enters a nanofiltration membrane system (7) for selective separation, and further COD and NH are removed3Obtaining a concentrated solution of a nanofiltration membrane system and produced water of the nanofiltration membrane system;
5) the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane system enters a coagulation softening system (11) to remove divalent salts and macromolecular organic pollutants comprising calcium ions and/or magnesium ions and/or sulfate ions in the concentrated solution of the nanofiltration membrane system, so as to obtain the effluent of the softening system;
6) the effluent of the softening system enters a photocatalytic oxidation system (12) to further remove pollutants including COD and BOD, so as to obtain the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system;
7) the effluent of the photocatalytic oxidation system optionally enters an anaerobic desulfurization system (13) to remove sulfate so as to obtain effluent of the anaerobic desulfurization system and hydrogen sulfide, and the effluent of the anaerobic desulfurization system optionally enters an adjusting tank (2) for further treatment;
8) the water produced by the nanofiltration membrane system is further intercepted by a reverse osmosis membrane of the reverse osmosis membrane system (8) to remove the residual pollutants, and then passes through a concentrated solution reduction system (14), the water produced by the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally recycled, and the concentrated solution of the concentrated solution reduction system can be optionally used for fly ash pulping and/or back-spraying incinerator and/or evaporative crystallization (15).
7. The method for reducing a concentrate of percolate from a waste incineration plant according to claim 6, wherein the method for reducing further comprises:
sludge generated by the high-efficiency anaerobic system (3) and/or the primary AO system (4) and/or the secondary AO system (5) and/or the coagulation softening system (11) and/or the photocatalytic oxidation system (12) enters the sludge dewatering system (10) for dewatering.
8. The method for reducing a concentrate of percolate from a waste incineration plant according to claim 7, wherein the method for reducing further comprises:
the dewatered sludge is transported out, and the dewatered supernatant is optionally conveyed to a regulating tank (2) for further treatment.
9. The method for concentrating percolate concentration reduction from refuse incineration plant according to claim 6, wherein,
when the sulfate radical concentration of the outlet water of the photocatalytic oxidation system is less than 20000mg/L, the outlet water of the photocatalytic oxidation system does not enter the anaerobic desulfurization system (13) and enters the high-efficiency anaerobic system (3) for treatment.
10. The method for reducing the concentrated percolate solution from waste incineration plant according to claim 6, wherein in the step 5), the macromolecular organic pollutant is an organic matter with molecular weight more than 500, and comprises at least one of humic acid, fulvic acid and humins.
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