CN112607815A - Method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste - Google Patents
Method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112607815A CN112607815A CN202011484648.2A CN202011484648A CN112607815A CN 112607815 A CN112607815 A CN 112607815A CN 202011484648 A CN202011484648 A CN 202011484648A CN 112607815 A CN112607815 A CN 112607815A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 carbonaceous Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen garbage, which comprises the following steps: firstly, cleaning and drying kitchen garbage, and then crushing the kitchen garbage to obtain crushed materials; secondly, carbonizing the crushed material to obtain carbide; thirdly, activating the carbide to obtain an activator; fourthly, sequentially carrying out alkali washing and acid washing on the activated substance, and washing and drying to obtain activated carbon; fifthly, placing the activated carbon in the sewage containing heavy metal ions for adsorption. According to the invention, through the two-step pore forming by combining the steam activation method and the deashing process, ash in an activator is removed to obtain the activated carbon, the number of pores in the activated carbon is increased, the pore structure in the activated carbon is improved, the specific surface area in the activated carbon is increased, the adsorption performance of the activated carbon is greatly improved, the purpose of treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste is realized, the applicability is good, and the resource utilization of urban waste is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of garbage recycling treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen garbage.
Background
The pollution problem of the heavy metal ions in the water body is always the focus of attention of people, the heavy metal ions in the water body have strong toxicity and carcinogenicity, the health of human beings is seriously threatened, and the efficient removal of the heavy metal ions is the premise of ensuring the healthy water quality. The common methods for removing the heavy metal ions comprise a chemical precipitation method, an ion exchange method, an electrolysis method and the like, wherein an adsorption method is the most common method, and the method has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection and the like, and has a better development prospect in practical application.
In recent years, many researchers have been invested in the development of adsorption materials, such as carbonaceous, mineral, organic polymer, composite adsorption materials, etc., and carbonaceous adsorption materials, such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, etc., have wide sources, simple preparation process, low price, and are popular in the market. Activated carbon is the most common adsorption material, the traditional activated carbon mainly takes coal as a preparation raw material, and biomass becomes a relatively new preparation raw material along with the change of ecological resource patterns.
Biomass is of a wide variety and not all biomass is suitable for the production of activated carbon. The content of ash in biomass raw materials is closely related to the property of activated carbon, and activated carbon prepared from biomass with low ash content has developed void structure, stable physicochemical property and good adsorption effect, so that most of biomass used for preparing activated carbon at present is biomass with low ash content such as straw, sawdust, plastic, textile waste and the like, and kitchen waste is an important component of biomass and has a difficult problem in the aspect of activated carbon preparation due to high ash content.
The conventional activated carbon preparation methods include four types, namely a chemical activation method, a strong alkali activation method, a gas activation method and a steam activation method. Although these methods are mature and widely used in the field of activated carbon preparation, these methods still have certain limitations, and thus, the method cannot be used as a suitable preparation method for kitchen waste, which is a material with high ash content. How to optimize and improve the preparation method to convert the kitchen waste into an adsorption material with excellent performance for removing heavy metal ions is a key technology for promoting further development of the field of activated carbon and is an urgent need for realizing utilization of kitchen waste resources at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen garbage, aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, two-step pore forming is carried out by combining a steam activation method and a deashing process, so that the number of pores in the activated carbon is increased, the pore structure in the activated carbon is improved, and the specific surface area in the activated carbon is increased, so that the adsorption performance of the activated carbon is greatly improved, the adsorption effect of the activated carbon on heavy metal ions is improved, and the purpose of treating the heavy metal ions in the sewage by using the kitchen waste is achieved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, cleaning and drying kitchen garbage, and then crushing the kitchen garbage to obtain crushed materials; the granularity of the crushed material is 60-100 meshes;
step two, carbonizing the crushed material obtained in the step one, and cooling to obtain carbide; the carbonization temperature is 350-550 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-6 h;
step three, placing the carbide obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, introducing water vapor for activation, and cooling to obtain an activated substance; the activation temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the activation time is 60-120 min, and the introduction flow rate of the water vapor is 2-5 mL/min;
step four, performing alkali washing on the activated substance obtained in the step three, then performing acid washing, then washing the activated substance to be neutral by using distilled water, and drying the activated substance to obtain activated carbon; the temperature of the alkaline washing is 150-200 ℃, and the time is 60-120 min; the pickling temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 60-120 min;
placing the activated carbon obtained in the fourth step into sewage containing heavy metal ions for adsorption; the adsorption time is 8-12 h.
The invention takes kitchen garbage as raw material, and adopts a steam activation method combined with a deashing process to prepare the activated carbon, wherein the steam activation method comprises two parts of carbonization and activation. Firstly, the kitchen garbage is crushed and carbonized to be thermally decomposed into carbide and other products, other components in the kitchen garbage are effectively removed, then water vapor is used as an activating agent to combine C atoms in the carbide with the water vapor, and CO and H are used2The activated carbon is escaped in form, so that a pore structure is formed, the activated carbon is obtained, the purpose of pore forming at one time is realized, and the process is green and environment-friendly and has no pollution to the environment. The kitchen waste has high ash content, the number of holes in the activated substance prepared by the steam activation process is small, most of the holes are filled with ash, and the performance is poor, so that the activated substance is subjected to a deashing process comprising an alkali washing part and an acid washing part, acidic oxides such as silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide in the activated substance are removed by the alkali washing, and substances insoluble in water and alkali liquor in the activated substance such as metal oxides, carbonates, sulfates and the like are removed by the acid washing, so that the ash content in the activated substance is reduced, the number of the holes is increased, the activated carbon is obtained after washing, and the purpose of secondary hole forming is realized; tong (Chinese character of 'tong')The sequence of the normal alkali washing process and the acid washing process can be changed, but the acid washing process is carried out after the alkali washing process, so that the deashing effect is better.
In conclusion, the invention carries out two-step pore forming by combining the steam activation method and the deashing process, effectively removes ash in an activator, obtains the activated carbon, increases the number of pores in the activated carbon, improves the pore structure in the activated carbon, increases the specific surface area in the activated carbon, greatly improves the adsorption performance of the activated carbon, further acts on the sewage containing heavy metal ions, effectively adsorbs and removes the heavy metal ions, improves the adsorption effect of the activated carbon on the heavy metal ions, and realizes the purpose of treating the heavy metal ions in the sewage by using kitchen waste.
The method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste is characterized in that the alkali solution adopted in the alkali washing in the fourth step is KOH solution or NaOH solution, and the concentration of the alkali solution is 3-10 mol/L. The optimized KOH solution or NaOH solution is a strong alkaline solution, and reacts with the acidic oxide in the ash, so that the effect is remarkable, and the two strong alkaline solutions are easy to obtain and low in cost; the ash removal effect of the alkali solution with the concentration of 3-10 mol/L is good, the too low alkali solution concentration is avoided, the too poor ash removal reaction effect is avoided, meanwhile, the too high alkali solution concentration is avoided, the resource waste is avoided, and the too high corrosivity influences the pore structure in the activated carbon.
The method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste is characterized in that the acid solution adopted in the acid washing in the fourth step is HCl solution or HNO3The concentration of the acid solution is 2-6 mol/L. The preferred HCl solution or HNO3The solution is a strong acid solution, the effect of removing metal oxides, carbonates, sulfates and the like in ash is remarkable, and the two strong acid solutions are wide in source and low in price; the deashing effect of the acid solution with the concentration of 2-6 mol/L is good, the too low deashing reaction effect caused by too low acid solution concentration is avoided, and meanwhile, the resource waste caused by too high acid solution concentration and the too high corrosivity influence on the pore structure in the activated carbon are avoided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, two-step pore forming is carried out by combining a steam activation method and a deashing process, so that ash in an activator is effectively removed to obtain the activated carbon, the number of pores in the activated carbon is increased, the pore structure in the activated carbon is improved, and the specific surface area in the activated carbon is increased, thereby greatly improving the adsorption performance of the activated carbon, improving the adsorption effect of the activated carbon on heavy metal ions and achieving the purpose of treating the heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste.
2. The invention prepares the activated carbon with better pore structure by adding the deliming process, improves the removal rate of the activated carbon to heavy metal ions in sewage to more than 67 percent, and has good applicability.
3. The method takes the kitchen waste as the raw material to prepare the activated carbon, realizes the resource utilization of the urban waste, and uses the activated carbon for removing heavy metal ions in the sewage, thereby achieving the purpose of treating pollution by waste and having obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow chart of the present invention for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the specific process of treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste of the invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of cleaning and drying kitchen garbage, crushing the kitchen garbage to obtain crushed objects, carbonizing the crushed objects to obtain carbide, introducing steam to activate the carbide to obtain activated objects, sequentially performing alkali washing and acid washing on the activated objects to obtain activated carbon, adding the activated carbon into sewage containing heavy metal ions to perform adsorption, and measuring the adsorption rate of the heavy metal ions to judge the adsorption effect.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning and drying kitchen garbage, and then crushing the kitchen garbage by a crusher to obtain crushed materials with the granularity of 60-100 meshes;
step two, carbonizing 20.0g of the crushed material obtained in the step one at 350 ℃ for 2h, and cooling to obtain carbide;
step three, placing the carbide obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, introducing water vapor at the flow rate of 2.0mL/min, activating for 60min at 800 ℃, and cooling to obtain an activated substance;
fourthly, firstly carrying out alkali washing on the activated substance obtained in the third step for 60min at 150 ℃ by adopting 3.0mol/L NaOH solution, then carrying out acid washing for 60min at 60 ℃ by adopting 2.0mol/L HCl solution, then washing the activated substance to be neutral by using distilled water, and drying the washed activated substance to obtain activated carbon;
step five, putting the activated carbon obtained in the step four in Zn2+Adsorption was performed at 50 ℃ for 8 hours on simulated wastewater at a concentration of 100.0 mg/L.
Comparative adsorption experiment: the activator obtained in the third step of this example was placed in a Zn-containing bath2+Adsorption was performed at 50 ℃ for 8 hours on simulated wastewater at a concentration of 100.0 mg/L.
Through detection, the ash content in the activator obtained in the third step of the embodiment is 72.3% by mass, and the BET specific surface area is 98.1m2(per gram) Zn in sewage2+The removal rate of (2) was 34.7%, the ash content of the activated carbon obtained in the fourth step of this example was 25.5% by mass, and the BET specific surface area was 305.8m2The activated carbon is used for treating Zn in the sewage in the fifth step2+The removal rate of the activated carbon is 67.3 percent, which shows that the method adopts a deashing process of sequentially performing alkali washing and acid washing to effectively remove ash in the activated substances and increase the specific surface area in the activated carbon, thereby greatly improving the adsorption performance of the activated carbon and improving the removal rate of the activated carbon on heavy metal ions in the sewage.
The alkali solution adopted in the embodiment can be replaced by KOH solution, and the acid solution adopted can be replaced by HNO3And (3) solution.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning and drying kitchen garbage, and then crushing the kitchen garbage by using a crusher to obtain crushed materials with the granularity of 60-100 meshes;
step two, carbonizing 20g of the crushed material obtained in the step one at 400 ℃ for 4h, and cooling to obtain carbide;
step three, placing the carbide obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, introducing water vapor at the flow rate of 3.5mL/min, activating for 90min at 900 ℃, and cooling to obtain an activated substance;
fourthly, firstly carrying out alkali washing on the activated substance obtained in the third step for 90min at 180 ℃ by adopting a 5.0mol/L NaOH solution, then carrying out acid washing for 90min at 70 ℃ by adopting a 4.0mol/L HCl solution, then washing the activated substance to be neutral by using distilled water, and drying the washed activated substance to obtain activated carbon;
step five, placing the activated carbon obtained in the step four in the Pb-containing environment2+Adsorption was performed at 50 ℃ for 10 hours in simulated sewage at a concentration of 100 mg/L.
Comparative adsorption experiment: the activator obtained in the third step of this example was placed in the presence of Pb2+Adsorption was performed at 50 ℃ for 10 hours in simulated sewage at a concentration of 100 mg/L.
Through detection, the ash content in the activator obtained in the third step of the embodiment is 64.5% by mass, and the BET specific surface area is 122.8m2G, for Pb in sewage2+The removal rate of (a) was 36.8%; the activated carbon obtained in the fourth step of this example had an ash content of 23.2% by mass and a BET specific surface area of 386.5m2G, the activated carbon is used for treating Pb in the sewage in the fifth step2+The removal rate of the activated carbon is 73.8 percent, which shows that the method adopts the deashing process of sequentially alkali washing and acid washing to effectively remove ash in the activated substances and increase the specific surface area in the activated carbon, thereby greatly improving the adsorption performance of the activated carbon and improving the removal rate of the activated carbon to heavy metal ions in the sewage.
The alkali solution adopted in the embodiment can be replaced by KOH solution, and the acid solution adopted can be replaced by HNO3And (3) solution.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, cleaning and drying kitchen garbage, and then crushing the kitchen garbage by using a crusher to obtain crushed materials with the granularity of 60-100 meshes;
step two, carbonizing 20.0g of the crushed material obtained in the step one at 550 ℃ for 6h, and cooling to obtain carbide;
step three, placing the carbide obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, introducing water vapor at the flow rate of 5.0mL/min, activating for 120min at 1000 ℃, and cooling to obtain an activated substance;
fourthly, firstly performing alkali washing on the activated substance obtained in the third step for 120min at 200 ℃ by adopting 10.0mol/L NaOH solution, then performing acid washing for 120min at 80 ℃ by adopting 6.0mol/L HCl solution, then washing the activated substance to be neutral by using distilled water, and drying the washed activated substance to obtain activated carbon;
step five, placing the activated carbon obtained in the step four in the Cu-containing state2+Adsorption was performed at 50 ℃ for 12 hours on simulated wastewater at a concentration of 100 mg/L.
Comparative adsorption experiment: the activator obtained in the third step of this example was placed in a Cu-containing bath2+Adsorption was performed at 50 ℃ for 12 hours on simulated wastewater at a concentration of 100 mg/L.
Through detection, the ash content in the activator obtained in the third step of the embodiment is 55.6% by mass, and the BET specific surface area is 143.2m2Per g, for Cu in sewage2+The removal rate of (a) was 39.4%; the activated carbon obtained in the fourth step of this example had an ash content of 21.8% by mass and a BET specific surface area of 411.5m2The activated carbon is used for treating Cu in the sewage in the fifth step2+The removal rate of the activated carbon is 83.2 percent, which shows that the method adopts a deashing process of sequentially performing alkali washing and acid washing to effectively remove ash in the activated substances and increase the specific surface area in the activated carbon, thereby greatly improving the adsorption performance of the activated carbon and improving the removal rate of the activated carbon on heavy metal ions in the sewage.
The alkali solution adopted in the embodiment can be replaced by KOH solution, and the acid solution adopted can be replaced by HNO3And (3) solution.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, cleaning and drying kitchen garbage, and then crushing the kitchen garbage to obtain crushed materials; the granularity of the crushed material is 60-100 meshes;
step two, carbonizing the crushed material obtained in the step one, and cooling to obtain carbide; the carbonization temperature is 350-550 ℃, and the carbonization time is 2-6 h;
step three, placing the carbide obtained in the step two in a tubular furnace, introducing water vapor for activation, and cooling to obtain an activated substance; the activation temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the activation time is 60-120 min, and the introduction flow rate of the water vapor is 2-5 mL/min;
step four, performing alkali washing on the activated substance obtained in the step three, then performing acid washing, then washing the activated substance to be neutral by using distilled water, and drying the activated substance to obtain activated carbon; the temperature of the alkaline washing is 150-200 ℃, and the time is 60-120 min; the pickling temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the pickling time is 60-120 min;
placing the activated carbon obtained in the fourth step into sewage containing heavy metal ions for adsorption; the adsorption time is 8-12 h.
2. The method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein the alkali solution used in the alkali washing in the fourth step is KOH solution or NaOH solution, and the concentration of the alkali solution is 3mol/L to 10 mol/L.
3. The method for treating heavy metal ions in sewage by using kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein the acid solution used in the acid washing in the fourth step is HCl solution or HNO solution3The concentration of the acid solution is 2-6 mol/L.
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